In this paper, three rock types including Sandstone, Mudstone, and Crystalline Gypsum were part of a laboratory study conducted to develop a dataset for predicting the unconfined compressive strength of UAE intact sed...In this paper, three rock types including Sandstone, Mudstone, and Crystalline Gypsum were part of a laboratory study conducted to develop a dataset for predicting the unconfined compressive strength of UAE intact sedimentary rock specimens. Four hundred nineteen rock samples from various areas along the coastal region of the UAE were collected and tested for the development of this dataset and evaluation of models. From the statistical analysis of the data, regression equations were established among rock parameters and correlations were expressed and compared by the ones proposed in literature.展开更多
To investigate the effect of the radius of the spherical heads of the indenter on the results of a point load test,this study uses a discrete element model based on the flat joint contact for numerical simulation.Resu...To investigate the effect of the radius of the spherical heads of the indenter on the results of a point load test,this study uses a discrete element model based on the flat joint contact for numerical simulation.Results show that the discrete element model based on the flat joint model can accurately describe the damage process and size effects of rocks under point loads.Damage of rock samples under the loading of different radii of the indenter can be characterized as vertical splitting damage,and the larger the radius of the indenter is,the larger the damage area.Values of the point load strength of rock samples increase with increasing the radius of the indenter and obey a power function relationship.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the selection of the spherical heads of indenters in point load tests and tool design for mechanical rock breaking.展开更多
Intact rock is typically described according to its uniaxial compressive strength （UCS）. The UCS is needed in the design of geotechnical engineering problems including stability of rock slopes and design of shallow ...Intact rock is typically described according to its uniaxial compressive strength （UCS）. The UCS is needed in the design of geotechnical engineering problems including stability of rock slopes and design of shallow and deep foundations resting on and/or in rocks. Accordingly, a correct measure-ment/evaluation of the UCS is essential to a safe and economic design. Typically, the UCS is measured using the unconfined compression tests performed on cylindrical intact specimens with a minimum length to width ratio of 2. In several cases, especially for weak and very weak rocks, it is not possible to extract intact specimens with the needed minimum dimensions. Thus, alternative tests （e.g. point load test, Schmidt hammer） are used to measure rock strength. The UCS is computed based on the results of these tests through empirical correlations. The literature includes a plethora of these correlations that vary widely in estimating rock strength. Thus, it is paramount to validate these correlations to check their suitability for estimating rock strength for a specific location and geology. A review of the available correlations used to estimate the UCS from the point load test results is performed and summarized herein. Results of UCS, point load strength index and Young＇s modulus are gathered for calcareous sandstone specimens extracted from the Dubai area. A correlation for estimating the UCS from the point load strength index is proposed. Furthermore, the Young＇s modulus is correlated to the UCS.展开更多
Aggregate degradation(AD) is one of the major reasons accounting for failure of aggregate materials, and the mechanical degradation of aggregate materials can be determined by different test methods. This process basi...Aggregate degradation(AD) is one of the major reasons accounting for failure of aggregate materials, and the mechanical degradation of aggregate materials can be determined by different test methods. This process basically requires many aggregate samples and special instruments, and thus is time-consuming.The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the possibility of estimating the AD characteristics using rock strength tests and to investigate the relationships between AD properties and rock strength tests.For understanding the relationships, two common rock strength tests are employed, i.e. unconfined compressive strength(UCS) and point load index(PLI) tests. In the tests, the AD properties of 40 kinds of carbonate aggregates sampled from Iran were studied. The AD properties were determined by Los Angeles abrasion value(LAAV), aggregate impact value(AIV) and aggregate crushing value(ACV). Also,the samples are classified according to the strength and rock types, and the effect of this classification is investigated based on the relationship between rock strengths and AD properties. The results indicate that the PLI is better than UCS for evaluation of AD properties. Among rock strength tests, PLI has a closer relationship with AIV(R^2 = 0.832). Also, UCS has relative larger effects on the ACV(R^2 = 0.812) under the same loading condition. The weakest correlation occurs between LAAV and UCS(R^2 = 0.679). In view of the rational AD properties in the predictive procedure, it is possible to predict AD properties based on the strength tests and rock types. The results also show that the prediction of AD properties using rock strength test based on rock types yields better correlations than that using unclassified samples. The classification based on rock types can extrapolate the different relationships of AD prediction from rock strength tests. The results in this context could be used for preliminarily selecting proper rock aggregates with a limit of allowable AD tests for practical applications by PLI.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationships between results of index tests and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) in hydrothermally altered soft rocks of the Upper Miocene, which are typical of the sof...The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationships between results of index tests and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) in hydrothermally altered soft rocks of the Upper Miocene, which are typical of the soft rock found in northeastern Hokkaido, Japan. Index tests were performed using point load testing machine and needle penetrometer with irregular lump specimens under forced-dry, forced-wet, and natural-moist states. The relationships between irregular lump point load strength (IPLS) index and UCS, and needle penetration (NP) index and UCS were “UCS = approximately 19 IPLS index” and “UCS = 0.848 (NP index)0.619”, respectively, in soft rocks with a UCS below 25 MPa. These relationships could be applied to on-site tests of rocks with natural moisture content. The UCS could be calculated from IPLS and NP tests on soft rocks only when UCS was below 25 MPa, using the equations obtained as a result of this study.展开更多
单轴压缩强度是岩石工程建设中广泛使用的力学参数,直接确定单轴压缩强度相对耗时且较为麻烦。点荷载试验可以间接估算岩石的单轴压缩强度(UCS),试验方式简洁。通过收集到的岩浆岩点荷载试验成果,分析结果表明,(1)大部分转换公式在点荷...单轴压缩强度是岩石工程建设中广泛使用的力学参数,直接确定单轴压缩强度相对耗时且较为麻烦。点荷载试验可以间接估算岩石的单轴压缩强度(UCS),试验方式简洁。通过收集到的岩浆岩点荷载试验成果,分析结果表明,(1)大部分转换公式在点荷载强度指数较大时得到偏高的单轴压缩强度值,特别是对部分幂函数;(2)ISRM(American Society for Testing and Materials)建议的取值范围仍然高估了岩石的单轴压缩强度值。为更准确地估算岩石的单轴压缩强度,建议采用点荷载强度指数50sI的二次函数(见式(1))估算岩石的单轴压缩强度,适用范围为0.0 MPa<50sI<15.0 MPa。展开更多
文摘In this paper, three rock types including Sandstone, Mudstone, and Crystalline Gypsum were part of a laboratory study conducted to develop a dataset for predicting the unconfined compressive strength of UAE intact sedimentary rock specimens. Four hundred nineteen rock samples from various areas along the coastal region of the UAE were collected and tested for the development of this dataset and evaluation of models. From the statistical analysis of the data, regression equations were established among rock parameters and correlations were expressed and compared by the ones proposed in literature.
文摘To investigate the effect of the radius of the spherical heads of the indenter on the results of a point load test,this study uses a discrete element model based on the flat joint contact for numerical simulation.Results show that the discrete element model based on the flat joint model can accurately describe the damage process and size effects of rocks under point loads.Damage of rock samples under the loading of different radii of the indenter can be characterized as vertical splitting damage,and the larger the radius of the indenter is,the larger the damage area.Values of the point load strength of rock samples increase with increasing the radius of the indenter and obey a power function relationship.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the selection of the spherical heads of indenters in point load tests and tool design for mechanical rock breaking.
文摘Intact rock is typically described according to its uniaxial compressive strength （UCS）. The UCS is needed in the design of geotechnical engineering problems including stability of rock slopes and design of shallow and deep foundations resting on and/or in rocks. Accordingly, a correct measure-ment/evaluation of the UCS is essential to a safe and economic design. Typically, the UCS is measured using the unconfined compression tests performed on cylindrical intact specimens with a minimum length to width ratio of 2. In several cases, especially for weak and very weak rocks, it is not possible to extract intact specimens with the needed minimum dimensions. Thus, alternative tests （e.g. point load test, Schmidt hammer） are used to measure rock strength. The UCS is computed based on the results of these tests through empirical correlations. The literature includes a plethora of these correlations that vary widely in estimating rock strength. Thus, it is paramount to validate these correlations to check their suitability for estimating rock strength for a specific location and geology. A review of the available correlations used to estimate the UCS from the point load test results is performed and summarized herein. Results of UCS, point load strength index and Young＇s modulus are gathered for calcareous sandstone specimens extracted from the Dubai area. A correlation for estimating the UCS from the point load strength index is proposed. Furthermore, the Young＇s modulus is correlated to the UCS.
文摘Aggregate degradation(AD) is one of the major reasons accounting for failure of aggregate materials, and the mechanical degradation of aggregate materials can be determined by different test methods. This process basically requires many aggregate samples and special instruments, and thus is time-consuming.The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the possibility of estimating the AD characteristics using rock strength tests and to investigate the relationships between AD properties and rock strength tests.For understanding the relationships, two common rock strength tests are employed, i.e. unconfined compressive strength(UCS) and point load index(PLI) tests. In the tests, the AD properties of 40 kinds of carbonate aggregates sampled from Iran were studied. The AD properties were determined by Los Angeles abrasion value(LAAV), aggregate impact value(AIV) and aggregate crushing value(ACV). Also,the samples are classified according to the strength and rock types, and the effect of this classification is investigated based on the relationship between rock strengths and AD properties. The results indicate that the PLI is better than UCS for evaluation of AD properties. Among rock strength tests, PLI has a closer relationship with AIV(R^2 = 0.832). Also, UCS has relative larger effects on the ACV(R^2 = 0.812) under the same loading condition. The weakest correlation occurs between LAAV and UCS(R^2 = 0.679). In view of the rational AD properties in the predictive procedure, it is possible to predict AD properties based on the strength tests and rock types. The results also show that the prediction of AD properties using rock strength test based on rock types yields better correlations than that using unclassified samples. The classification based on rock types can extrapolate the different relationships of AD prediction from rock strength tests. The results in this context could be used for preliminarily selecting proper rock aggregates with a limit of allowable AD tests for practical applications by PLI.
文摘The purpose of this study was to clarify the relationships between results of index tests and uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) in hydrothermally altered soft rocks of the Upper Miocene, which are typical of the soft rock found in northeastern Hokkaido, Japan. Index tests were performed using point load testing machine and needle penetrometer with irregular lump specimens under forced-dry, forced-wet, and natural-moist states. The relationships between irregular lump point load strength (IPLS) index and UCS, and needle penetration (NP) index and UCS were “UCS = approximately 19 IPLS index” and “UCS = 0.848 (NP index)0.619”, respectively, in soft rocks with a UCS below 25 MPa. These relationships could be applied to on-site tests of rocks with natural moisture content. The UCS could be calculated from IPLS and NP tests on soft rocks only when UCS was below 25 MPa, using the equations obtained as a result of this study.
文摘单轴压缩强度是岩石工程建设中广泛使用的力学参数,直接确定单轴压缩强度相对耗时且较为麻烦。点荷载试验可以间接估算岩石的单轴压缩强度(UCS),试验方式简洁。通过收集到的岩浆岩点荷载试验成果,分析结果表明,(1)大部分转换公式在点荷载强度指数较大时得到偏高的单轴压缩强度值,特别是对部分幂函数;(2)ISRM(American Society for Testing and Materials)建议的取值范围仍然高估了岩石的单轴压缩强度值。为更准确地估算岩石的单轴压缩强度,建议采用点荷载强度指数50sI的二次函数(见式(1))估算岩石的单轴压缩强度,适用范围为0.0 MPa<50sI<15.0 MPa。
