This paper focuses on a new approach to design(possibly fractional) set-point filters for fractional control systems.After designing a smooth and monotonic desired output signal,the necessary command signal is obtaine...This paper focuses on a new approach to design(possibly fractional) set-point filters for fractional control systems.After designing a smooth and monotonic desired output signal,the necessary command signal is obtained via fractional input-output inversion.Then,a set-point filter is determined based on the synthesized command signal.The filter is computed by minimizing the 2-norm of the difference between the command signal and the filter step response.The proposed methodology allows the designer to synthesize both integer and fractional setpoint filters.The pros and cons of both solutions are discussed in details.This approach is suitable for the design of two degreeof-freedom controllers capable to make the set-point tracking performance almost independent from the feedback part of the controller.Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.展开更多
Aim In accordance with the positioning control for valve controlled motor electrohydraulic proportional servo systems driving the static load torque, the positioning performance was studied in the presence of the ti...Aim In accordance with the positioning control for valve controlled motor electrohydraulic proportional servo systems driving the static load torque, the positioning performance was studied in the presence of the time? varying deadzone and gain. Methods The large positioning errors caused by the time varying deadzone were significantly reduced by using the dynamic compensation method for the deadzone; and the large overshoot caused by the time varying gain were dramatically reduced by using the three section intelligent control schemes. Results Experimental results demonstrated that the positioning performance of rapid response, high accuracy and smaller or even no overshoot was achieved under a wide variations of load torque. Conclusion The good positioning performance for valve controlled motor servo systems has been achieved in the presence of the time varying deadzone and gain.展开更多
A neural network model with a special structure, which is divided into linearand nonlinear parts, was proposed for identification of a nonlinear system. In this model, thenonlinear part of the object is treated as a m...A neural network model with a special structure, which is divided into linearand nonlinear parts, was proposed for identification of a nonlinear system. In this model, thenonlinear part of the object is treated as a measured disturbance, and is compensated by a feedforward method; an adaptive pole placement algorithm is used to control the linear part of theobject. The simulation results show that the identification efficiency and accuracy are improvedwhen the new controller is applied to sintering finish point control.展开更多
Partial pressure, system vibration and asymmetric system dynamic performance exit in asymmetric cylinder controller by symmetric valve hydraulic system. To solve this problem in the force control system, model referen...Partial pressure, system vibration and asymmetric system dynamic performance exit in asymmetric cylinder controller by symmetric valve hydraulic system. To solve this problem in the force control system, model reference adaptive controller is designed using equilibrium point stability theory and output error equation polynomial. The reference model is selected in such a way that it meets the system dynamic performance. Hardware configuration of asymmetric cylinder controlled by asymmetric valve hydraulic system is replaced by intelligent control algorithm, thus the cost is lowered and easy to application. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive control sheme has good adaptive ability and well solves asymmetric dynamic performance problem. The designed adaptive controller is fairly robust to load disturbance and system parameter variation.展开更多
For the advanced tokamak,the particle deposition and thermal load on the divertor is a big challenge.By moving the strike points on divertor target plates,the position of particle deposition and thermal load can be sh...For the advanced tokamak,the particle deposition and thermal load on the divertor is a big challenge.By moving the strike points on divertor target plates,the position of particle deposition and thermal load can be shifted.We could adjust the Poloidal Field（PF） coil current to achieve the strike point position feedback control.Using isoflux control method,the strike point position can be controlled by controlling the X point position.On the basis of experimental data,we establish relational expressions between X point position and strike point position.Benchmark experiments are carried out to validate the correctness and robustness of the control methods.The strike point position is successfully controlled following our command in the EAST operation.展开更多
In order to ensure that the photovoltaic(PV) array always works at the global maximum point of power to increase the system's overall efficiency, this paper leads the study on maximum power point tracking(MPPT) in...In order to ensure that the photovoltaic(PV) array always works at the global maximum point of power to increase the system's overall efficiency, this paper leads the study on maximum power point tracking(MPPT) in redundant load mode. A new control system is designed by combining the redundant electronic load module, embedded controller, supportive capacitor and boost circuit. The system adjusts duty ratio of boost circuit dynamically based on the maximum power point parameter provided by redundant load unit in order to realize MPPT. An experiment shows that no matter whether system is under an even illumination or partly perturbed by shadow, this method can find the exact maximum power point.展开更多
In order to provide a reference for the further study of microbial contamination in the pork production process. Microbial contamination of pigs came from three slaughterhouses were detected, and critical control poin...In order to provide a reference for the further study of microbial contamination in the pork production process. Microbial contamination of pigs came from three slaughterhouses were detected, and critical control points in the progress of hog slaughter and processing were analyzed. The results showed that microbial con- taminatian existed in the entire slaughter and processing progress, including shower and assassination bloodletting, separation of the internal organs, chopping boards, workshop environment, personal hygiene of the operators, etc. , which should be paid more attention to. The results indicated that reasonable protection measures should be carried out, disinfection awareness of the operators should be improved, and regular disinfection should be ruled under the condition of continu- ous operation.展开更多
The control points are the key issue of the internal control, and the key control points mean the control joints that play an important part in the process of the operation. If these key control points are not well co...The control points are the key issue of the internal control, and the key control points mean the control joints that play an important part in the process of the operation. If these key control points are not well controlled, the process of the operation disposal will be mistaken and cannot reach the goal. However, for the confirmation of the control points, many studies only do qualitative research from the important aspect instead of quantificational research. They are devoid of a series of scientific methods. This paper advances quantificational methods to confirm the key control points from two aspects of job evaluation and mathematics model.展开更多
Nowadays, with the rapid development of market economy, the importance of construction cost budget is becoming more and more obvious. Based on this premise, it has received extensive attention from various enterprises...Nowadays, with the rapid development of market economy, the importance of construction cost budget is becoming more and more obvious. Based on this premise, it has received extensive attention from various enterprises. In the development of the industry, it is necessary to strengthen the management of project cost budget and other related work and analyze the projects exceeding the budget timely, control the project cost budget from every aspect of the specific work and from various angles strictly, and timely and accurately grasp the project cost budget. This paper focuses on the key points of construction project cost budget control and its grasp, hoping to help promote the development of the construction industry.展开更多
Under the impetus of building a socialist road, the construction industry is developing rapidly, both in scale and in quantity. However, in the actual construction process, there will still be many problems, which wil...Under the impetus of building a socialist road, the construction industry is developing rapidly, both in scale and in quantity. However, in the actual construction process, there will still be many problems, which will affect the construction progress and quality. Among them, the over-budget phenomenon of project cost caused by various factors is still relatively serious. Therefore, it is necessary to fully clarify the key points of budget control in the process of cost budget, so as to make the cost budget more scientific and accurate, thus achieving the purpose of cost control and reducing economic losses.展开更多
China's land area is relatively vast, but there are obvious differences in geological structure and environmental conditions in various regions, which lead to the situation of crossing mountains in the process of ...China's land area is relatively vast, but there are obvious differences in geological structure and environmental conditions in various regions, which lead to the situation of crossing mountains in the process of highway construction. When encountering this problem, tunnel engineering can be used to carry out highway construction. This article focuses on the highway tunnel construction technology and control points to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth research and analysis, hoping to help the future sustainable and stable development of China's highway engineering industry and lay a solid foundation for the continuous development of China's comprehensive national strength.展开更多
The budget management of construction project cost is the premise and foundation of construction project management. Good cost budget management can effectively improve the quality standard in the process of construct...The budget management of construction project cost is the premise and foundation of construction project management. Good cost budget management can effectively improve the quality standard in the process of construction, and lay a solid foundation for the later construction quality acceptance. Nowadays, more and more developers and construction units pay more attention to the cost budget management, and are building a professional team. The purpose is to improve their own cost budget management ability and reduce the economic loss in the construction process.展开更多
With the effective implementation of construction engineering management work, in order to comprehensively promote the construction level of construction engineering, optimize the quality of construction management, c...With the effective implementation of construction engineering management work, in order to comprehensively promote the construction level of construction engineering, optimize the quality of construction management, construction engineering management personnel in the existing engineering technology requirements, clear the management points and work core tasks, build new optimization measures, put forward new working ideas for the later construction engineering technology management work. However, at the present stage, due to the restriction of the management mode and work mode, most of the construction engineering technology management work in China is not implemented in place, and the various management work objectives are not clear, which not only leads to the difficult implementation of various management tasks, but also leads to the occurrence of various safety risks. For this paper on the current stage of the basis of the analysis of the importance of construction engineering technical management, clear the main problems existing in the work, the construction engineering technical management control points and optimization measures, on the one hand to promote the high quality construction of construction engineering, on the other hand for the late construction engineering quality optimization provides new ideas.展开更多
Objective: to explore and analyze the quality management of key control points in blood supply department of blood station. Methods: the study took the blood supply department of the blood station as the pilot, and th...Objective: to explore and analyze the quality management of key control points in blood supply department of blood station. Methods: the study took the blood supply department of the blood station as the pilot, and the research was carried out from April 2021 to may 2022. The observation group was divided according to the time. From April 2021 to October 2021, 500 blood samples were screened through retrospective analysis, aiming at the key control points in the storage and distribution of blood products in the quality management of the blood supply department of the blood station, forming a clear quality management system within the blood supply department, and strengthening the quality management of key control points. The qualified rate of blood quality was observed from November 2021 to February 2025. Results: the unqualified rate of blood after quality management of key control points was lower than that before management (P < 0.05);Before and after the quality management of key control points, the management quality scores of blood supply department staff in environmental monitoring, quality screening and safety management were higher than those before the management (P < 0.05). Conclusion: strengthening the quality management of the key control points of the blood supply department of the blood station and implementing the continuous quality improvement countermeasures are helpful to strengthen the quality management system of the blood supply department, implement the work of the key control points of the blood supply department of the blood station, improve the quality control in the storage and distribution of blood products, effectively ensure the blood quality, and can be popularized in practical work.展开更多
With the acceleration of urbanization, a large number of new-type buildings appear constantly, and building construction has become a normal activity in every city. The process of building construction is a complex an...With the acceleration of urbanization, a large number of new-type buildings appear constantly, and building construction has become a normal activity in every city. The process of building construction is a complex and important process, which directly relates to the quality of the project and the service life of the project. There is a close connection between the various construction links of the building, and once there is a problem in a certain link, it may cause extremely serious consequences. So, as an important construction link, concrete pouring is very important to do a good job in construction and supervision.展开更多
The aim of this brief paper is to give several results concerning the regional controllability of distributed systems governed by semi-linear parabolic equations. We concentrate on the determination of a control achie...The aim of this brief paper is to give several results concerning the regional controllability of distributed systems governed by semi-linear parabolic equations. We concentrate on the determination of a control achieving internal and boundary regional controllability. The approach is based on an extension of the Hilbert Uniqueness Method (HUM) and Schauder’s fixed point theorem. We give a numerical example developed in internal and boundary sub region. These numerical illustrations show the efficiency of the approach and lead to conjectures.展开更多
In this article, by using theory of linear evolution system and Schauder fixed point theorem, we establish a sufficient result of exact null controllability for a non-autonomous functional evolution system with nonloc...In this article, by using theory of linear evolution system and Schauder fixed point theorem, we establish a sufficient result of exact null controllability for a non-autonomous functional evolution system with nonlocal conditions. In particular, the compactness condition or Lipschitz condition for the function g in the nonlocal conditions appearing in various literatures is not required here. An example is also provided to show an application of the obtained result.展开更多
This study proposes a fuzzy system for tracking the maximum power point of a PV system for solar panel. The solar panel and maximum power point tracker have been modeled using MATLAB/Simulink. A simulation model consi...This study proposes a fuzzy system for tracking the maximum power point of a PV system for solar panel. The solar panel and maximum power point tracker have been modeled using MATLAB/Simulink. A simulation model consists of PV panel, boost converter, and maximum power point tack MPPT algorithm is developed. Three different conditions are simulated: 1) Uniform irradiation;2) Sudden changing;3) Partial shading. Results showed that fuzzy controller successfully find MPP for all different weather conditions studied. FLC has excellent ability to track MPP in less than 0.01 second when PV is subjected to sudden changes and partial shading in irradiation.展开更多
With the gradual acceleration of the urbanization process,the construction industry has been developing rapidly.As the key link to ensure the quality and safety of the project,construction management and construction ...With the gradual acceleration of the urbanization process,the construction industry has been developing rapidly.As the key link to ensure the quality and safety of the project,construction management and construction quality control are of great significance to enhance the competitiveness of construction enterprises and realize sustainable development.In this paper,the effective strategy of construction management and the effective strategy of construction quality control will be discussed in depth,aiming at providing useful management and quality control strategies for construction enterprises.展开更多
This paper presents a novel adaptive scheme for energy management in stand-alone hybrid power systems. The proposed management system is designed to manage the power flow between the hybrid power system and energy sto...This paper presents a novel adaptive scheme for energy management in stand-alone hybrid power systems. The proposed management system is designed to manage the power flow between the hybrid power system and energy storage elements in order to satisfy the load requirements based on artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic controllers. The neural network controller is employed to achieve the maximum power point (MPP) for different types of photovoltaic (PV) panels. The advance fuzzy logic controller is developed to distribute the power among the hybrid system and to manage the charge and discharge current flow for performance optimization. The developed management system performance was assessed using a hybrid system comprised PV panels, wind turbine (WT), battery storage, and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). To improve the generating performance of the PEMFC and prolong its life, stack temperature is controlled by a fuzzy logic controller. The dynamic behavior of the proposed model is examined under different operating conditions. Real-time measured parameters are used as inputs for the developed system. The proposed model and its control strategy offer a proper tool for optimizing hybrid power system performance, such as that used in smart-house applications.展开更多
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(DP160104994)
文摘This paper focuses on a new approach to design(possibly fractional) set-point filters for fractional control systems.After designing a smooth and monotonic desired output signal,the necessary command signal is obtained via fractional input-output inversion.Then,a set-point filter is determined based on the synthesized command signal.The filter is computed by minimizing the 2-norm of the difference between the command signal and the filter step response.The proposed methodology allows the designer to synthesize both integer and fractional setpoint filters.The pros and cons of both solutions are discussed in details.This approach is suitable for the design of two degreeof-freedom controllers capable to make the set-point tracking performance almost independent from the feedback part of the controller.Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.
文摘Aim In accordance with the positioning control for valve controlled motor electrohydraulic proportional servo systems driving the static load torque, the positioning performance was studied in the presence of the time? varying deadzone and gain. Methods The large positioning errors caused by the time varying deadzone were significantly reduced by using the dynamic compensation method for the deadzone; and the large overshoot caused by the time varying gain were dramatically reduced by using the three section intelligent control schemes. Results Experimental results demonstrated that the positioning performance of rapid response, high accuracy and smaller or even no overshoot was achieved under a wide variations of load torque. Conclusion The good positioning performance for valve controlled motor servo systems has been achieved in the presence of the time varying deadzone and gain.
文摘A neural network model with a special structure, which is divided into linearand nonlinear parts, was proposed for identification of a nonlinear system. In this model, thenonlinear part of the object is treated as a measured disturbance, and is compensated by a feedforward method; an adaptive pole placement algorithm is used to control the linear part of theobject. The simulation results show that the identification efficiency and accuracy are improvedwhen the new controller is applied to sintering finish point control.
文摘Partial pressure, system vibration and asymmetric system dynamic performance exit in asymmetric cylinder controller by symmetric valve hydraulic system. To solve this problem in the force control system, model reference adaptive controller is designed using equilibrium point stability theory and output error equation polynomial. The reference model is selected in such a way that it meets the system dynamic performance. Hardware configuration of asymmetric cylinder controlled by asymmetric valve hydraulic system is replaced by intelligent control algorithm, thus the cost is lowered and easy to application. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed adaptive control sheme has good adaptive ability and well solves asymmetric dynamic performance problem. The designed adaptive controller is fairly robust to load disturbance and system parameter variation.
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(Nos.2012GB105000 and 2014GB103000)
文摘For the advanced tokamak,the particle deposition and thermal load on the divertor is a big challenge.By moving the strike points on divertor target plates,the position of particle deposition and thermal load can be shifted.We could adjust the Poloidal Field（PF） coil current to achieve the strike point position feedback control.Using isoflux control method,the strike point position can be controlled by controlling the X point position.On the basis of experimental data,we establish relational expressions between X point position and strike point position.Benchmark experiments are carried out to validate the correctness and robustness of the control methods.The strike point position is successfully controlled following our command in the EAST operation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61107064)the Leading Academic Discipline Project of Communication and Information System(No.XXKZD1605)
文摘In order to ensure that the photovoltaic(PV) array always works at the global maximum point of power to increase the system's overall efficiency, this paper leads the study on maximum power point tracking(MPPT) in redundant load mode. A new control system is designed by combining the redundant electronic load module, embedded controller, supportive capacitor and boost circuit. The system adjusts duty ratio of boost circuit dynamically based on the maximum power point parameter provided by redundant load unit in order to realize MPPT. An experiment shows that no matter whether system is under an even illumination or partly perturbed by shadow, this method can find the exact maximum power point.
文摘In order to provide a reference for the further study of microbial contamination in the pork production process. Microbial contamination of pigs came from three slaughterhouses were detected, and critical control points in the progress of hog slaughter and processing were analyzed. The results showed that microbial con- taminatian existed in the entire slaughter and processing progress, including shower and assassination bloodletting, separation of the internal organs, chopping boards, workshop environment, personal hygiene of the operators, etc. , which should be paid more attention to. The results indicated that reasonable protection measures should be carried out, disinfection awareness of the operators should be improved, and regular disinfection should be ruled under the condition of continu- ous operation.
文摘The control points are the key issue of the internal control, and the key control points mean the control joints that play an important part in the process of the operation. If these key control points are not well controlled, the process of the operation disposal will be mistaken and cannot reach the goal. However, for the confirmation of the control points, many studies only do qualitative research from the important aspect instead of quantificational research. They are devoid of a series of scientific methods. This paper advances quantificational methods to confirm the key control points from two aspects of job evaluation and mathematics model.
文摘Nowadays, with the rapid development of market economy, the importance of construction cost budget is becoming more and more obvious. Based on this premise, it has received extensive attention from various enterprises. In the development of the industry, it is necessary to strengthen the management of project cost budget and other related work and analyze the projects exceeding the budget timely, control the project cost budget from every aspect of the specific work and from various angles strictly, and timely and accurately grasp the project cost budget. This paper focuses on the key points of construction project cost budget control and its grasp, hoping to help promote the development of the construction industry.
文摘Under the impetus of building a socialist road, the construction industry is developing rapidly, both in scale and in quantity. However, in the actual construction process, there will still be many problems, which will affect the construction progress and quality. Among them, the over-budget phenomenon of project cost caused by various factors is still relatively serious. Therefore, it is necessary to fully clarify the key points of budget control in the process of cost budget, so as to make the cost budget more scientific and accurate, thus achieving the purpose of cost control and reducing economic losses.
文摘China's land area is relatively vast, but there are obvious differences in geological structure and environmental conditions in various regions, which lead to the situation of crossing mountains in the process of highway construction. When encountering this problem, tunnel engineering can be used to carry out highway construction. This article focuses on the highway tunnel construction technology and control points to conduct a comprehensive and in-depth research and analysis, hoping to help the future sustainable and stable development of China's highway engineering industry and lay a solid foundation for the continuous development of China's comprehensive national strength.
文摘The budget management of construction project cost is the premise and foundation of construction project management. Good cost budget management can effectively improve the quality standard in the process of construction, and lay a solid foundation for the later construction quality acceptance. Nowadays, more and more developers and construction units pay more attention to the cost budget management, and are building a professional team. The purpose is to improve their own cost budget management ability and reduce the economic loss in the construction process.
文摘With the effective implementation of construction engineering management work, in order to comprehensively promote the construction level of construction engineering, optimize the quality of construction management, construction engineering management personnel in the existing engineering technology requirements, clear the management points and work core tasks, build new optimization measures, put forward new working ideas for the later construction engineering technology management work. However, at the present stage, due to the restriction of the management mode and work mode, most of the construction engineering technology management work in China is not implemented in place, and the various management work objectives are not clear, which not only leads to the difficult implementation of various management tasks, but also leads to the occurrence of various safety risks. For this paper on the current stage of the basis of the analysis of the importance of construction engineering technical management, clear the main problems existing in the work, the construction engineering technical management control points and optimization measures, on the one hand to promote the high quality construction of construction engineering, on the other hand for the late construction engineering quality optimization provides new ideas.
文摘Objective: to explore and analyze the quality management of key control points in blood supply department of blood station. Methods: the study took the blood supply department of the blood station as the pilot, and the research was carried out from April 2021 to may 2022. The observation group was divided according to the time. From April 2021 to October 2021, 500 blood samples were screened through retrospective analysis, aiming at the key control points in the storage and distribution of blood products in the quality management of the blood supply department of the blood station, forming a clear quality management system within the blood supply department, and strengthening the quality management of key control points. The qualified rate of blood quality was observed from November 2021 to February 2025. Results: the unqualified rate of blood after quality management of key control points was lower than that before management (P < 0.05);Before and after the quality management of key control points, the management quality scores of blood supply department staff in environmental monitoring, quality screening and safety management were higher than those before the management (P < 0.05). Conclusion: strengthening the quality management of the key control points of the blood supply department of the blood station and implementing the continuous quality improvement countermeasures are helpful to strengthen the quality management system of the blood supply department, implement the work of the key control points of the blood supply department of the blood station, improve the quality control in the storage and distribution of blood products, effectively ensure the blood quality, and can be popularized in practical work.
文摘With the acceleration of urbanization, a large number of new-type buildings appear constantly, and building construction has become a normal activity in every city. The process of building construction is a complex and important process, which directly relates to the quality of the project and the service life of the project. There is a close connection between the various construction links of the building, and once there is a problem in a certain link, it may cause extremely serious consequences. So, as an important construction link, concrete pouring is very important to do a good job in construction and supervision.
文摘The aim of this brief paper is to give several results concerning the regional controllability of distributed systems governed by semi-linear parabolic equations. We concentrate on the determination of a control achieving internal and boundary regional controllability. The approach is based on an extension of the Hilbert Uniqueness Method (HUM) and Schauder’s fixed point theorem. We give a numerical example developed in internal and boundary sub region. These numerical illustrations show the efficiency of the approach and lead to conjectures.
基金supported by NSF of China (11171110)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (B407)
文摘In this article, by using theory of linear evolution system and Schauder fixed point theorem, we establish a sufficient result of exact null controllability for a non-autonomous functional evolution system with nonlocal conditions. In particular, the compactness condition or Lipschitz condition for the function g in the nonlocal conditions appearing in various literatures is not required here. An example is also provided to show an application of the obtained result.
文摘This study proposes a fuzzy system for tracking the maximum power point of a PV system for solar panel. The solar panel and maximum power point tracker have been modeled using MATLAB/Simulink. A simulation model consists of PV panel, boost converter, and maximum power point tack MPPT algorithm is developed. Three different conditions are simulated: 1) Uniform irradiation;2) Sudden changing;3) Partial shading. Results showed that fuzzy controller successfully find MPP for all different weather conditions studied. FLC has excellent ability to track MPP in less than 0.01 second when PV is subjected to sudden changes and partial shading in irradiation.
文摘With the gradual acceleration of the urbanization process,the construction industry has been developing rapidly.As the key link to ensure the quality and safety of the project,construction management and construction quality control are of great significance to enhance the competitiveness of construction enterprises and realize sustainable development.In this paper,the effective strategy of construction management and the effective strategy of construction quality control will be discussed in depth,aiming at providing useful management and quality control strategies for construction enterprises.
文摘This paper presents a novel adaptive scheme for energy management in stand-alone hybrid power systems. The proposed management system is designed to manage the power flow between the hybrid power system and energy storage elements in order to satisfy the load requirements based on artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy logic controllers. The neural network controller is employed to achieve the maximum power point (MPP) for different types of photovoltaic (PV) panels. The advance fuzzy logic controller is developed to distribute the power among the hybrid system and to manage the charge and discharge current flow for performance optimization. The developed management system performance was assessed using a hybrid system comprised PV panels, wind turbine (WT), battery storage, and proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). To improve the generating performance of the PEMFC and prolong its life, stack temperature is controlled by a fuzzy logic controller. The dynamic behavior of the proposed model is examined under different operating conditions. Real-time measured parameters are used as inputs for the developed system. The proposed model and its control strategy offer a proper tool for optimizing hybrid power system performance, such as that used in smart-house applications.
