Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus) is sensitive to salt stress. For breeding applications, it is of great significance to explore the genetic mechanism underlying salt tolerance in watermelon by analyzing the dehydration r...Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus) is sensitive to salt stress. For breeding applications, it is of great significance to explore the genetic mechanism underlying salt tolerance in watermelon by analyzing the dehydration responsive element-binding(DREB) factor family members.However, they are rarely studied in watermelon. In this study, we identified ClaDREB gene family members in watermelon based on whole genome data;analyzed the physicochemical properties, evolution, and phylogeny;and studied their expression patterns under salt stress in two watermelon varieties with varying salt tolerance. In total, 57 DREB family members were identified in watermelon, and most of them were located in the nucleus. ClaDREBs were divided into six subgroups Ⅰ-Ⅵ. The promoter region of ClaDREBs from subgroup Ⅱ contained many defense-related and stress responsive elements. Among them, ClaDREB14 was significantly upregulated by salt stress and exhibited differential expression in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties. Moreover, overexpression of ClaDREB14 in watermelon roots significantly improved the salt tolerance of transgenic plants;mainly, it significantly increased the activities of POD, SOD, and CAT and significantly reduced MDA content.However, the results from gene-edited watermelon roots obtained using CRISPR/Cas9 vectors showed the opposite trend. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ClaDREB14 directly binds to the cis-acting element ACCGAC in the promoter region of ClaPOD6 and promotes its expression.Therefore, ClaDREB14 may enhance salt tolerance by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in watermelon roots. This study provided valuable information on the DREB gene family in watermelon and laid the foundation for future functional validation and genetic engineering applications.展开更多
Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)exhibits an unusually asynchronous reproductive cycle,in which flowering,peg penetration,pod development,and seed filling occur over an extended period.This results in the simultaneous prese...Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)exhibits an unusually asynchronous reproductive cycle,in which flowering,peg penetration,pod development,and seed filling occur over an extended period.This results in the simultaneous presence of immature and preharvest sprouted(PHS)pods on the same plant a dual challenge that undermines yield,compromises seed quality,and complicates postharvest management.Immature pods reduce harvest efficiency,while PHS diminishes flavor,uniformity,and storage stability.Both genetic and environmental determinants ranging from temporal variation in peg initiation and hormonal gradients to microenvironmental heterogeneity and differential seed dormancy shape this variability.However,despite advances in pod biology,systematic field-based quantification of intra-plant temporal variation,genotype×environment interactions,and localized microclimatic influences remains limited.This review aims to synthesize current understanding of within-plant variability in pod maturation and PHS in peanut,to elucidate critical knowledge gaps at physiological and field scales,and to evaluate emerging strategies for mitigation.Particular emphasis is given for underexplored interface between physiological mechanisms and field-scale dynamics.Emerging innovations including hyperspectral imaging,soil and canopy moisture sensing,and molecular markers offer promising avenues for precise monitoring of pod maturity and early detection of PHS risk.Integrating these tools with targeted breeding strategies for synchronous flowering,enhanced dormancy,and late-season stress resilience,alongside adaptive agronomic practices such as optimized sowing,irrigation scheduling,nutrient management,and harvest timing,could substantially reduce yield and quality losses.Future progress will depend on bridging molecular insights with predictive models that capture mixed maturity and sprouting risk under variable environments.展开更多
Pod shattering,while a natural mechanism for seed dispersal,is an undesirable agronomic trait in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)that complicates mechanical harvesting.It typically causes yield losses of 5%-15%,which can b...Pod shattering,while a natural mechanism for seed dispersal,is an undesirable agronomic trait in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)that complicates mechanical harvesting.It typically causes yield losses of 5%-15%,which can be further worsened under dry and hot conditions.As most of the modern rapeseed cultivars remain susceptible to shattering,enhancing pod shattering resistance(PSR)is important to safeguard global rapeseed production.Significant progresses have been made in elucidating the molecular and genetic mechanisms of silique dehiscence in the model plant Arabidopsis and pod shattering in rapeseed.This review firstly summarizes the genetic network controlling silique dehiscence in Arabidopsis,which is largely conserved in closely related Brassica species.We then synthesize discoveries from both forward and reverse genetic studies in rapeseed.Finally,the major challenges and future prospects in PSR research and breeding are discussed in depth.展开更多
The common vetch(Vicia sativa L.)is a self-pollinated annual forage legume that is widely distributed worldwide.It has wide adaptability and high nutritional value and is commonly used as an important protein source f...The common vetch(Vicia sativa L.)is a self-pollinated annual forage legume that is widely distributed worldwide.It has wide adaptability and high nutritional value and is commonly used as an important protein source for livestock feed.However,pod shattering seriously limits the yield of common vetch.To clarify the mechanism of pod shattering in common vetch,the pod walls of three shattering-resistant(SR)accessions(B65,B135,and B392)and three shattering-susceptible(SS)accessions(L33,L170,and L461)were selected for transcriptome sequencing.A total of 17,190 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in the pod wall of B135 and L461 common vetch at 5,10,15,20,and 25 days after anthesis.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis showed that“phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”was the most significantly enriched pathway,and 40 structural genes associated with lignin biosynthesis were identified and differentially expressed in B135 and L461 common vetch.We analysed the DEGs in the pod wall of three SR and three SS accessions at 15 days after anthesis,and most of the DEGs were consistent with the significant enrichment pathways identified in B135 and L461 common vetch.The total lignin content of SR accessions was significantly lower than the SS accessions.The present study lays a foundation for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of pod shattering related to lignin biosynthesis in common vetch and provides reference functional genes for breeders to further cultivate shattering-resistant common vetch varieties.展开更多
基金funded by grants fromthe China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-25)the Key Research and Development Program of Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region(Grant No.2023B02017)+3 种基金the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ASTIP-2021-ZFRI,CAAS-ASTIP-2024-WRI)the Basic Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.1610192023201)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(Grant No.252300421694)Joint Research on Agricultural Variety Improvement of Henan Province(Grant No.2022010503).
文摘Watermelon(Citrullus lanatus) is sensitive to salt stress. For breeding applications, it is of great significance to explore the genetic mechanism underlying salt tolerance in watermelon by analyzing the dehydration responsive element-binding(DREB) factor family members.However, they are rarely studied in watermelon. In this study, we identified ClaDREB gene family members in watermelon based on whole genome data;analyzed the physicochemical properties, evolution, and phylogeny;and studied their expression patterns under salt stress in two watermelon varieties with varying salt tolerance. In total, 57 DREB family members were identified in watermelon, and most of them were located in the nucleus. ClaDREBs were divided into six subgroups Ⅰ-Ⅵ. The promoter region of ClaDREBs from subgroup Ⅱ contained many defense-related and stress responsive elements. Among them, ClaDREB14 was significantly upregulated by salt stress and exhibited differential expression in salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive varieties. Moreover, overexpression of ClaDREB14 in watermelon roots significantly improved the salt tolerance of transgenic plants;mainly, it significantly increased the activities of POD, SOD, and CAT and significantly reduced MDA content.However, the results from gene-edited watermelon roots obtained using CRISPR/Cas9 vectors showed the opposite trend. Furthermore, we demonstrated that ClaDREB14 directly binds to the cis-acting element ACCGAC in the promoter region of ClaPOD6 and promotes its expression.Therefore, ClaDREB14 may enhance salt tolerance by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in watermelon roots. This study provided valuable information on the DREB gene family in watermelon and laid the foundation for future functional validation and genetic engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32171997)the Earmarked Fund for China Agricultural Research System(CARS-13)+2 种基金the Nanfan special project of CAAS(Grant No.YBXM2552)the Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund(Grant No.Y2025YC112)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI)。
文摘Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)exhibits an unusually asynchronous reproductive cycle,in which flowering,peg penetration,pod development,and seed filling occur over an extended period.This results in the simultaneous presence of immature and preharvest sprouted(PHS)pods on the same plant a dual challenge that undermines yield,compromises seed quality,and complicates postharvest management.Immature pods reduce harvest efficiency,while PHS diminishes flavor,uniformity,and storage stability.Both genetic and environmental determinants ranging from temporal variation in peg initiation and hormonal gradients to microenvironmental heterogeneity and differential seed dormancy shape this variability.However,despite advances in pod biology,systematic field-based quantification of intra-plant temporal variation,genotype×environment interactions,and localized microclimatic influences remains limited.This review aims to synthesize current understanding of within-plant variability in pod maturation and PHS in peanut,to elucidate critical knowledge gaps at physiological and field scales,and to evaluate emerging strategies for mitigation.Particular emphasis is given for underexplored interface between physiological mechanisms and field-scale dynamics.Emerging innovations including hyperspectral imaging,soil and canopy moisture sensing,and molecular markers offer promising avenues for precise monitoring of pod maturity and early detection of PHS risk.Integrating these tools with targeted breeding strategies for synchronous flowering,enhanced dormancy,and late-season stress resilience,alongside adaptive agronomic practices such as optimized sowing,irrigation scheduling,nutrient management,and harvest timing,could substantially reduce yield and quality losses.Future progress will depend on bridging molecular insights with predictive models that capture mixed maturity and sprouting risk under variable environments.
基金supported by Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD04008)the Jiujiang Municipal Key Research and Development Program(2025_001556)Lushan City Scientific and Technological Innovation Talents and Teams Program and Earmarked Fund for China Agricultural Research System(CARS-12)。
文摘Pod shattering,while a natural mechanism for seed dispersal,is an undesirable agronomic trait in rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)that complicates mechanical harvesting.It typically causes yield losses of 5%-15%,which can be further worsened under dry and hot conditions.As most of the modern rapeseed cultivars remain susceptible to shattering,enhancing pod shattering resistance(PSR)is important to safeguard global rapeseed production.Significant progresses have been made in elucidating the molecular and genetic mechanisms of silique dehiscence in the model plant Arabidopsis and pod shattering in rapeseed.This review firstly summarizes the genetic network controlling silique dehiscence in Arabidopsis,which is largely conserved in closely related Brassica species.We then synthesize discoveries from both forward and reverse genetic studies in rapeseed.Finally,the major challenges and future prospects in PSR research and breeding are discussed in depth.
基金supported by the Leading Scientist Project of Qinghai Province,China(2023-NK-147)。
文摘The common vetch(Vicia sativa L.)is a self-pollinated annual forage legume that is widely distributed worldwide.It has wide adaptability and high nutritional value and is commonly used as an important protein source for livestock feed.However,pod shattering seriously limits the yield of common vetch.To clarify the mechanism of pod shattering in common vetch,the pod walls of three shattering-resistant(SR)accessions(B65,B135,and B392)and three shattering-susceptible(SS)accessions(L33,L170,and L461)were selected for transcriptome sequencing.A total of 17,190 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)were identified in the pod wall of B135 and L461 common vetch at 5,10,15,20,and 25 days after anthesis.Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis showed that“phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”was the most significantly enriched pathway,and 40 structural genes associated with lignin biosynthesis were identified and differentially expressed in B135 and L461 common vetch.We analysed the DEGs in the pod wall of three SR and three SS accessions at 15 days after anthesis,and most of the DEGs were consistent with the significant enrichment pathways identified in B135 and L461 common vetch.The total lignin content of SR accessions was significantly lower than the SS accessions.The present study lays a foundation for understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of pod shattering related to lignin biosynthesis in common vetch and provides reference functional genes for breeders to further cultivate shattering-resistant common vetch varieties.
