Purpose The follow-up X-ray telescope(FXT)is one of the two payloads of the Einstein Probe(EP),consisting of the upper composite with the X-ray mirror module as the core,the lower composite with the pnCCD module as th...Purpose The follow-up X-ray telescope(FXT)is one of the two payloads of the Einstein Probe(EP),consisting of the upper composite with the X-ray mirror module as the core,the lower composite with the pnCCD module as the core,and the interface structure.The FXT thermal control subsystem is responsible for the thermal design,thermal implementations,and testing of the entire FXT payload thermal control.Methods A design approach is adopted with passive thermal control technology as the main method and active thermal control technology as a supplement for common components.The X-ray mirror modules are high-precision optical components,utilizing active closed-loop temperature control to ensure high precision and stability.The pnCCD detectors operate at a stable low temperature,with refrigerators used to cool the detector houses,ensuring they can operate under stable low-temperature conditions.The hot ends of the refrigerators are connected to the external radiator panels through heat pipes for heat dissipation.Results The thermal control subsystem of FXT is operating properly in-orbit.All component temperatures meet the design requirements.Conclusion After multiple rounds of design and test verification,FXT was successfully launched with EP and completed in-orbit testing.During the in-orbit testing phase of EP,the function of the FXT thermal control subsystem works well.The temperatures of the components and units are normal.This paper introduces the design of FXT thermal control and the in-orbit performance of the thermal control subsystem.展开更多
Purpose The Einstein Probe(EP)is an X-ray astronomical satellite designed for time-domain astronomy.The Follow-up X-ray Telescope(FXT)is an important payload on the EP.The FXT’s detector utilizes a pn-junction charge...Purpose The Einstein Probe(EP)is an X-ray astronomical satellite designed for time-domain astronomy.The Follow-up X-ray Telescope(FXT)is an important payload on the EP.The FXT’s detector utilizes a pn-junction charge-coupled device(pnCCD),which is currently the fastest-readout X-ray CCD worldwide.The design and implementation of a dedicated power-supply and monitoring module constitute a key aspect in the development of the detector system.Methods The FXT comprises several components,including the electric control box(EC-Box),the detector electronics box(DE-Box),and the focusing camera.The detector module of the focusing camera consists of two primary components:the pnCCD and the multi-channel analog signal processing chip known as the CAMEX(CMOS amplifier and multiplexer)ASIC.The CAMEX ASIC is used for the readout of the pnCCD signals.The operation of the detector module requires a sophisticated power-supply module.This paper details the design and implementation of a dedicated power-supply and monitoring module for the detector module.Based on the voltage requirements of the detector module,the power-supply module has been designed to include switchable,adjustable,and programmable functions.The monitoring module includes voltage,current,and temperature monitoring based on the different types of monitoring.Results The power-supply and monitoring module operates reliably and performs effectively in orbit,meeting the requirements of the FXT payload on the EP satellite.Conclusion The power-supply and monitoring module has successfully provided a stable power-supply and monitoring module for the detector module.It operates effectively in orbit,ensuring that the detector system achieves optimal performance.展开更多
Background The Einstein probe(EP)is an X-ray astronomical satellite dedicated to time-domain astronomy and high-energy astrophysics.Initiated at the end of 2017,it was successfully launched on January 9,2024.The follo...Background The Einstein probe(EP)is an X-ray astronomical satellite dedicated to time-domain astronomy and high-energy astrophysics.Initiated at the end of 2017,it was successfully launched on January 9,2024.The follow-up X-ray telescope(FXT)is a key payload on the EP satellite.The FXT employs PNCCD as its focal plane detector.Its electronic components include the electronic control box(EC-Box),the detector electronics boxes(DE-Box),the refrigerator controller,the movement mechanisms controller,and the temperature control instrument.Methods The FXT conducted functional performance tests in-orbit as planned,including three operating modes of the detector,energy detection range,and energy resolution.Results Since FXT became operational in orbit,all electronic equipment has been working stably.The FXT has an energy detection range of 0.3-10 keV,with an energy resolution of approximately 92 eV@1.25 keV,and an electronic noise of about 3.3e^(-).展开更多
Purpose Design and implement a system within the detector electronic box of the FXT payload on the EP satellite to read out and acquire data from the pnCCD module of the focal plane detector.Methods The pnCCD module i...Purpose Design and implement a system within the detector electronic box of the FXT payload on the EP satellite to read out and acquire data from the pnCCD module of the focal plane detector.Methods The pnCCD module is complex to control,has a high data throughput,and poses challenges during readout.This paper presents the design and implementation of a data acquisition system specifically for pnCCD and its readout ASIC,CAMEX.The DAQ includes a dedicated front-end module for signal conversion,a control module for powering the pnCCD on and off and managing its sequence,and a signal preprocessing module that performs real-time corrections for offset and common mode on signals acquired by the ADC.Additionally,the offset module allows for in-orbit calculation and updating of the offset.Results The DAQ operates stably in orbit and functions normally,accurately recording the amplitude,position,and arrival time of signals.This capability enables the production of images and energy spectra,which provide robust support for scientific data analysis on the ground.Conclusion The DAQ has achieved readout and data acquisition for the pnCCD module of the focal plane detector,meeting the requirements of the EP satellite’s FXT payload and operating well in orbit.展开更多
The Einstein Probe(EP)satellite represents a significant milestone in China's pursuit of advancing time-domain astronomy and high-energy astrophysics.At its core lies the Follow-up X-ray Telescope(FXT),a groundbre...The Einstein Probe(EP)satellite represents a significant milestone in China's pursuit of advancing time-domain astronomy and high-energy astrophysics.At its core lies the Follow-up X-ray Telescope(FXT),a groundbreaking payload that marks China's first foray into Wolter-I focusing technology for X-ray imaging.Designed with a dual-telescope structure,FXT incorporates 54 layers of ultra-smooth,gold-coated nickel mirror shells nested within each focusing mirror,paired with an advanced PNCCD focal plane detector,coupled with an advanced PNCCD focal plane detector.展开更多
基金supported by the Einstein-Probe(EP)Program which is funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Grant No.XDA15310103.
文摘Purpose The follow-up X-ray telescope(FXT)is one of the two payloads of the Einstein Probe(EP),consisting of the upper composite with the X-ray mirror module as the core,the lower composite with the pnCCD module as the core,and the interface structure.The FXT thermal control subsystem is responsible for the thermal design,thermal implementations,and testing of the entire FXT payload thermal control.Methods A design approach is adopted with passive thermal control technology as the main method and active thermal control technology as a supplement for common components.The X-ray mirror modules are high-precision optical components,utilizing active closed-loop temperature control to ensure high precision and stability.The pnCCD detectors operate at a stable low temperature,with refrigerators used to cool the detector houses,ensuring they can operate under stable low-temperature conditions.The hot ends of the refrigerators are connected to the external radiator panels through heat pipes for heat dissipation.Results The thermal control subsystem of FXT is operating properly in-orbit.All component temperatures meet the design requirements.Conclusion After multiple rounds of design and test verification,FXT was successfully launched with EP and completed in-orbit testing.During the in-orbit testing phase of EP,the function of the FXT thermal control subsystem works well.The temperatures of the components and units are normal.This paper introduces the design of FXT thermal control and the in-orbit performance of the thermal control subsystem.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA 15310103).
文摘Purpose The Einstein Probe(EP)is an X-ray astronomical satellite designed for time-domain astronomy.The Follow-up X-ray Telescope(FXT)is an important payload on the EP.The FXT’s detector utilizes a pn-junction charge-coupled device(pnCCD),which is currently the fastest-readout X-ray CCD worldwide.The design and implementation of a dedicated power-supply and monitoring module constitute a key aspect in the development of the detector system.Methods The FXT comprises several components,including the electric control box(EC-Box),the detector electronics box(DE-Box),and the focusing camera.The detector module of the focusing camera consists of two primary components:the pnCCD and the multi-channel analog signal processing chip known as the CAMEX(CMOS amplifier and multiplexer)ASIC.The CAMEX ASIC is used for the readout of the pnCCD signals.The operation of the detector module requires a sophisticated power-supply module.This paper details the design and implementation of a dedicated power-supply and monitoring module for the detector module.Based on the voltage requirements of the detector module,the power-supply module has been designed to include switchable,adjustable,and programmable functions.The monitoring module includes voltage,current,and temperature monitoring based on the different types of monitoring.Results The power-supply and monitoring module operates reliably and performs effectively in orbit,meeting the requirements of the FXT payload on the EP satellite.Conclusion The power-supply and monitoring module has successfully provided a stable power-supply and monitoring module for the detector module.It operates effectively in orbit,ensuring that the detector system achieves optimal performance.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science,the Chinese Academy of Sciences Grant No.XDA15310103.
文摘Background The Einstein probe(EP)is an X-ray astronomical satellite dedicated to time-domain astronomy and high-energy astrophysics.Initiated at the end of 2017,it was successfully launched on January 9,2024.The follow-up X-ray telescope(FXT)is a key payload on the EP satellite.The FXT employs PNCCD as its focal plane detector.Its electronic components include the electronic control box(EC-Box),the detector electronics boxes(DE-Box),the refrigerator controller,the movement mechanisms controller,and the temperature control instrument.Methods The FXT conducted functional performance tests in-orbit as planned,including three operating modes of the detector,energy detection range,and energy resolution.Results Since FXT became operational in orbit,all electronic equipment has been working stably.The FXT has an energy detection range of 0.3-10 keV,with an energy resolution of approximately 92 eV@1.25 keV,and an electronic noise of about 3.3e^(-).
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program on Space Science,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA 1531010301).
文摘Purpose Design and implement a system within the detector electronic box of the FXT payload on the EP satellite to read out and acquire data from the pnCCD module of the focal plane detector.Methods The pnCCD module is complex to control,has a high data throughput,and poses challenges during readout.This paper presents the design and implementation of a data acquisition system specifically for pnCCD and its readout ASIC,CAMEX.The DAQ includes a dedicated front-end module for signal conversion,a control module for powering the pnCCD on and off and managing its sequence,and a signal preprocessing module that performs real-time corrections for offset and common mode on signals acquired by the ADC.Additionally,the offset module allows for in-orbit calculation and updating of the offset.Results The DAQ operates stably in orbit and functions normally,accurately recording the amplitude,position,and arrival time of signals.This capability enables the production of images and energy spectra,which provide robust support for scientific data analysis on the ground.Conclusion The DAQ has achieved readout and data acquisition for the pnCCD module of the focal plane detector,meeting the requirements of the EP satellite’s FXT payload and operating well in orbit.
文摘The Einstein Probe(EP)satellite represents a significant milestone in China's pursuit of advancing time-domain astronomy and high-energy astrophysics.At its core lies the Follow-up X-ray Telescope(FXT),a groundbreaking payload that marks China's first foray into Wolter-I focusing technology for X-ray imaging.Designed with a dual-telescope structure,FXT incorporates 54 layers of ultra-smooth,gold-coated nickel mirror shells nested within each focusing mirror,paired with an advanced PNCCD focal plane detector,coupled with an advanced PNCCD focal plane detector.
