Nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))are crucial in tropospheric photochemical ozone(O_(3))production and oxidation capacity.Currently,the widely used NO_(x)measurement technique is chemiluminescence(CL)(CL-NO_(x)),which tends to o...Nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))are crucial in tropospheric photochemical ozone(O_(3))production and oxidation capacity.Currently,the widely used NO_(x)measurement technique is chemiluminescence(CL)(CL-NO_(x)),which tends to overestimate NO_(2)due to atmospheric oxidation products of NO_(x)(i.e.,NO_(z)).We developed and characterized a NO_(x)measurement system using the cavity attenuated phase shift(CAPS)technique(CAPS-NO_(x)),which is free from interferences with nitrogen-containing species.The NO_(x)measured by the CAPS-NO_(x)and CL-NO_(x)analyzers were compared.Results show that both analyzers showed consistent measurement results for NO,but the NO_(2)measured by the CAPS-NO_(x)analyzer(NO_(2)_CAPS)was mostly lower than that measured by the CL-NO_(x)analyzer(NO_(2)_CL),which led to the deviations in O_(3)formation sensitivity regime and O_(x)(=O_(3)+NO_(2))sources(i.e.,regional background and photochemically produced O_(x))determined by the ozone production efficiencies(OPE)calculated from NO_(2)_CL and NO_(2)_CAPS.Overall,OPE_CL exceeded OPE_CAPS by 18.9%,which shifted 3 out of 13 observation days from the VOCs-limited to the transition regime when judging using OPE_CL,as compared to calculations using OPE_CAPS.During the observation period,days dominated by regional background O_(x)accounted for 46%and 62%when determined using NO_(2)_CL and NO_(2)_CAPS,respectively.These findings suggest that the use of the CL-NO_(x)analyzer tends to underestimate both the VOCs-limited regime and the regional background O_(x)dominated days.The newly built CAPS-NO_(x)analyzer here can promote the accurate measurement of NO_(2),which is meaningful for diagnosing O_(3)formation regimes and O_(x)sources.展开更多
Research results concerned （ 1 ） quantification of pH value and contents of ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids （VFAs）, and lactic acid, which were indicators of fermentative quality of corn stover silage and o...Research results concerned （ 1 ） quantification of pH value and contents of ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids （VFAs）, and lactic acid, which were indicators of fermentative quality of corn stover silage and other crop by-product silages ; （2） introduction of methods for analyses of fiber content in feeds such as detergent and enzymatic analyses; （3） determination of digestive characteristics in the tureen by artificial digestion trials （ in vitro and in situ ） ; （ 4 ） evaluation of meat productivity and quality by feeding corn stover silage to beef cattle in feeding experiments and; （5） preparation of feed composition and feeding standards for animals in Jilin Province. These results and methods substantially contributed to stabilization of feed supply as well as an increase in the efficiency of meat production, resulting in sustainable development of livestock management in China.展开更多
This paper presents the achievements in welding technique for the large industrial buildings and structures in China, including the welding of furnaces,kilns,pots,tanks and pipes, the welding of steel construction of ...This paper presents the achievements in welding technique for the large industrial buildings and structures in China, including the welding of furnaces,kilns,pots,tanks and pipes, the welding of steel construction of industrial building,high-storied building, gymnasium and steel construction of highway bridge. It mainly cites the new efficient and high-quality processes, equipments and materials used in fabricating typical up-to-date construction projects. The paper discusses the prospects for the technical development in welding materials, process and equipments as per usual requirements of architectural and construction industries.展开更多
Background: Nurses can often be key frontline healthcare professionals working in remote and rural settings due to resource constraints including an acute shortage of medical practitioners. The provision of regular an...Background: Nurses can often be key frontline healthcare professionals working in remote and rural settings due to resource constraints including an acute shortage of medical practitioners. The provision of regular and appropriate Continuing Professional Development (CPD) to support nurses to be able to provide effective health care therefore becomes even more significant in these settings. Engagement and “buy in” from relevant stakeholders at an organisational level is a critical step to ensure CPD provision for nurses. Objectives: The overall aim was to achieve consensus on CPD for registered nurses working in remote and rural settings among key stakeholders using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT). The objectives were to identify stakeholders’ perspectives on the priorities for CPD training for registered nurses;the preferred modes of delivery for CPD and perceived barriers and facilitators for CPD access. Methods: NGT was used as a qualitative method with key organisational stakeholders in several iterative stages in the form of a workshop. Results: 22 senior healthcare professionals involved in medical and nursing education representing north, northeast, central India and the state of Karnataka in South India participated in the workshop. Three key findings emerged from this study: priorities of CPD;preferred modes of CPD delivery;barriers and facilitators to CPD access. Conclusion: Engagement with key stakeholders to identify CPD priorities can help facilitate strategic planning and provision of relevant and accessible CPD programmes for nurses working within remote and rural health care contexts in India.展开更多
The safety,security,and development of a country depend on National Power Elements or factors classified by political scientists on geographical sources.These factors are the capability and capacity of a country to ac...The safety,security,and development of a country depend on National Power Elements or factors classified by political scientists on geographical sources.These factors are the capability and capacity of a country to achieve its development aims and objectives such as population and poverty,enough electricity,climate change,availability of water,food production,adequate health facilities,and industrial capacity.The national power elements are interdependent and same of every developed and developing nation,except one or two elements depending on geographical location and population of that country.To strengthen these capability and capacity factors,in 2000 United Nation introduced eight millennium development goals mainly emphasizing on reduction of poverty level up to 50%by 2015.Pakistan was able to work on only three of the indicators out of 169 but was unable to achieve any significant progress.On ending of 15 years'time UN again in 2015 introduced more universal and executable 17 sustainable development goals to be accomplished by 2030.Science was recognized as one of the tools to achieve these SDGs.Scientific and industrial development along with technology are an effective source of economic development.Technology as an application of science for the welfare of human being and technological capacity for development of economic infrastructure development is the most powerful national power element.Technology such as Nuclear Technology is one of the best,which is an accurate and advanced and can be adopted to achieve these goals.Article will discuss Nuclear Technology application on SDGs on which Pakistan is already working since 1956 and has an expertise and trained manpower for achieving nine out of these 17 sustainable goals by applying Nuclear Technology.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on the new mobile development paradigm based on the HTML5 and core database storage optimization techniques. With the development of mobile Internet technology and the popularity of ...In this paper, we conduct research on the new mobile development paradigm based on the HTML5 and core database storage optimization techniques. With the development of mobile Internet technology and the popularity of smart mobile devices, mobile Internet is becoming more and more obvious in the importance of life, mobile application development is also becoming more and more important. The current mainstream development include the mode of traditional native application development, Web application development based on it, and based on the mixed mode of third-party framework development. The practice of software engineering, points out that productivity of the software breakthrough is the introduction of basic software reuse. Object-oriented framework is an important research content in modern software engineering. Under this basis, we propose the related optimization countermeasures for systematic modifi cation that is meaningful.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on the UI and UE design techniques and the status in the HTML5 website development. With the continuous development of science and technology, the user demand for computer software d...In this paper, we conduct research on the UI and UE design techniques and the status in the HTML5 website development. With the continuous development of science and technology, the user demand for computer software design level enhances unceasingly, the software development workers must deep going research analysis of the target group, to truly understand the user groups like what kind of software, need what kind of software. It is human＇ s behavior and cognition of the operational system affect design, management and improvement of related attributes, and studies the properties and the operation system and the process of interaction. Under this historical period of the time, we propose the novel perspective of the issues that is meaningful.展开更多
Life cycle cost technique is a powerful tool to make a scientific decision and a useful method of advancing the continuable development of the society. In this paper, development course, application actuality and up-t...Life cycle cost technique is a powerful tool to make a scientific decision and a useful method of advancing the continuable development of the society. In this paper, development course, application actuality and up-to-date research trends of life cycle cost technique in China are summarized. Some suggestions are given on how to general- ize the application of life cycle cost technique which are used as the reference to study life cycle cost technique.展开更多
With the development of science and technology in China, the measuring technique in water resources and hydropower engineering is also developing constantly. Measuring technique in water resources and hydropower engin...With the development of science and technology in China, the measuring technique in water resources and hydropower engineering is also developing constantly. Measuring technique in water resources and hydropower engineering is an important link in water conservancy and hydropower projects, which can improve the survey efficiency of water conservancy and hydropower projects and promote the rapid development of China's water conservancy and hydropower projects. This paper will analyze the current situation of measuring technique development of water conservancy and hydropower projects and explore how to improve the measuring efficiency of water conservancy and hydropower projects.展开更多
Highway traffic safety is an issue confronting developing countries and those of industrialized nations. Nigeria, as a developing country, has been experiencing unusually high traffic related injury and fatality rates...Highway traffic safety is an issue confronting developing countries and those of industrialized nations. Nigeria, as a developing country, has been experiencing unusually high traffic related injury and fatality rates. In order to commence combating highway safety problems in Nigeria, the first task is to identify the major contributing factors; however, Nigeria has no reliable and comprehensive database of traffic accidents and casualties. Consequently, the Delphi technique was utilized in generating the required data such as number of registered automobiles, number of licensed drivers, and annual fatality count for modeling and forecasting accident rates in Nigeria. A Bayesian network model was developed and used, with the data obtained from Delphi process, to demonstrate possible traffic safety responses to different scenarios of changes in the Nigerian socio-political culture. Although the Delphi technique and the Bayesian network model only estimate the accident and safety data, those methods can be a realistic option when those data are not available, especially for the developing countries. As a result, the major accident contributors have been identified and the top three contributors-road condition, DUI （driving under the influence） and reckless driving-are policy related. The Nigerian traffic safety outlook would improve significantly if the existing laws and policies can be enforced, even at a very moderate level.展开更多
The development of innovative surgical techniques has been a constant and fundamental aspect in liver transplantation(LT)to address chronic organ shortage.Domino liver transplantation(DLT),initially performed by Furta...The development of innovative surgical techniques has been a constant and fundamental aspect in liver transplantation(LT)to address chronic organ shortage.Domino liver transplantation(DLT),initially performed by Furtado et al.in Lisbon in 1995,is an innovative technique in which a liver from a patient with a metabolic disorder is transplanted into a recipient with end-stage liver disease[1].展开更多
In this article, the relationship between the knowledge of competitors and the development of new products in the field of capital medical equipment has been investigated. In order to identify the criteria for measuri...In this article, the relationship between the knowledge of competitors and the development of new products in the field of capital medical equipment has been investigated. In order to identify the criteria for measuring competitors’ knowledge and developing new capital medical equipment products, marketing experts were interviewed and then a researcher-made questionnaire was compiled and distributed among the statistical sample of the research. Also, in order to achieve the goals of the research, a questionnaire among 100 members of the statistical community was selected, distributed and collected. To analyze the gathered data, the structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used in the SMART PLS 2 software to estimate the model and then the K-MEAN approach was used to cluster the capital medical equipment market based on the knowledge of actual and potential competitors. The results have shown that the knowledge of potential and actual competitors has a positive and significant effect on the development of new products in the capital medical equipment market. From the point of view of the knowledge of actual competitors, the market of “MRI”, “Ultrasound” and “SPECT” is grouped in the low knowledge cluster;“Pet MRI”, “CT Scan”, “Mammography”, “Radiography, Fluoroscopy and CRM”, “Pet CT”, “SPECT CT” and “Gamma Camera” markets are clustered in the medium knowledge. Finally, “Angiography” and “CBCT” markets are located in the knowledge cluster. From the perspective of knowledge of potential competitors, the market of “angiography”, “mammography”, “SPECT” and “SPECT CT” in the low knowledge cluster, “CT scan”, “radiography, fluoroscopy and CRM”, “pet CT”, “CBCT” markets in the medium knowledge cluster and “MRI”, “pet MRI”, “ultrasound” and “gamma camera” markets in the high knowledge cluster are located.展开更多
Fenlong green ecological agriculture technology （Fenlong technology）, a new smash ridging farming method developed by Guangxi Academy of Agdcultural Sciences, has been elected as the recommended cultivation techniqu...Fenlong green ecological agriculture technology （Fenlong technology）, a new smash ridging farming method developed by Guangxi Academy of Agdcultural Sciences, has been elected as the recommended cultivation technique by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. It replaces the traditional plowshare with spiral drill, and its tilth depth is twice deeper than that by tractor tilthing. It also extends soil nutrient, moisture, oxygen and microorganism, the so-called ＂Four pools＂. Soil nutrient, oxygen, microorganism, light and rainfall use ratio is increased by 10%-100%, creating a platform for natural increase of more than 10% of crop yield. Its application to over 20 kinds of crops in 21 provinces has proved that the yield increases 10-30% with quality enhancing 5% and double water retaining capacity but no more input. When the application area of Fenlong could reach 67 million hm2, the amount of fertilizer can be reduced by 40-50 billion kg, saving 120-150 billion Yuan. In this paper, we put forward the strategy of ＂4＋1＂ （arable, saline-alkali soil, grasslands, Sponge City ＋ rivers） green development in China, and deepened the Fenlong cultivated tilled layer from 16.5 cm to 35 cm for 67 million hm2 arable land, ridged 13.3 million hm2 of saline-alkali soil for 35 cm, and also 35 cm for 67 million hm2 degraded steppe, which could have the following 3 effects： first, the 147 million hm2 of land with Fenlong cultivation could increase loosing soil to 315.491 billion m3, in＊ creasing by 159.26% for 120 million hm2 of arable land with the average tilled layer of 16.5 cm, which has loosing soil of only 198.1 billion m3, that is, the space of the land increases 1.6 times. Second, every hectare of plowland could store up to 450 m3/hm2 of natural rainfall, and the unused 60 m3 of saline-alkali soil and grasslands could store water of 102 billion m3, showing an increase of over 88.89% for the current plowland storage of 54 billion m3 at now, that is, double the natural rainfall storage capacity. Third, the two multiple increase of natural resources application can bring trillions of resource activation, environmental cleaning, food security, citizens, health, economic, ecological and social benefits, and makes the Chinese nation move forward in green development. Its application in ＂big scientific research＂ and ＂One Belt And One Road＂ will contribute Chinese strength to the world.展开更多
AIM: To optimize diagnosis and treatment guidelines for this geographic region, a panel of gastroenterologists, epidemiologists, and basic scientists carried out a structured evaluation of available literature.
With the development of central-private enterprises integration,selecting suitable key suppliers are able to provide core components for smart complex equipment.We consider selecting suitable key suppliers from matchi...With the development of central-private enterprises integration,selecting suitable key suppliers are able to provide core components for smart complex equipment.We consider selecting suitable key suppliers from matching perspective,for it not only satisfies natural development of smart complex equipment,it is also a good implementation of equipment project in central-private enterprises integration context.In in this paper,we carry out two parts of research,one is evaluation attributes based on comprehensive analysis,and the other is matching process between key suppliers and core components based on the matching attribute.In practical analysis process,we employ comprehensive evaluated analysis methods to acquire relevant attributes for the matching process that follows.In the analysis process,we adopt entropy-maximum deviation method(MDM)-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)to obtain a comprehensive analysis.The entropy-MDM is applied to get weight value,DEMATEL is utilized to obtain internal relations,and TOPSIS is adopted to get ideal evaluated solution.We consider aggregating two types of evaluation information according to similarities of smart complex equipment based on the combination between geometric mean and arithmetic mean.Moreover,based on the aforementioned attributes and generalized power Heronian mean operator,we aggregate preference information to acquire relevant satisfaction degree,then combine the constructed matching model to get suitable key supplier.Through comprehensive analysis of selecting suitable suppliers,we know that two-sided matching and information aggregation can provide more research perspectives for smart complex equipment.Through analysis for relevant factors,we find that leading role and service level are also significant for the smart complex equipment development process.展开更多
The major functions of an engineering-practical expert system(ESW) and the main features of an expert system development tool(QHWEST) for arc welding procedure are introduced. A brief description is given for the deve...The major functions of an engineering-practical expert system(ESW) and the main features of an expert system development tool(QHWEST) for arc welding procedure are introduced. A brief description is given for the development background, process and principal techniques of the two software systems.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2020A1515110526)the Key-Area Research and Development Programof Guangdong Province(No.2020B1111360003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42305096).
文摘Nitrogen oxides(NO_(x))are crucial in tropospheric photochemical ozone(O_(3))production and oxidation capacity.Currently,the widely used NO_(x)measurement technique is chemiluminescence(CL)(CL-NO_(x)),which tends to overestimate NO_(2)due to atmospheric oxidation products of NO_(x)(i.e.,NO_(z)).We developed and characterized a NO_(x)measurement system using the cavity attenuated phase shift(CAPS)technique(CAPS-NO_(x)),which is free from interferences with nitrogen-containing species.The NO_(x)measured by the CAPS-NO_(x)and CL-NO_(x)analyzers were compared.Results show that both analyzers showed consistent measurement results for NO,but the NO_(2)measured by the CAPS-NO_(x)analyzer(NO_(2)_CAPS)was mostly lower than that measured by the CL-NO_(x)analyzer(NO_(2)_CL),which led to the deviations in O_(3)formation sensitivity regime and O_(x)(=O_(3)+NO_(2))sources(i.e.,regional background and photochemically produced O_(x))determined by the ozone production efficiencies(OPE)calculated from NO_(2)_CL and NO_(2)_CAPS.Overall,OPE_CL exceeded OPE_CAPS by 18.9%,which shifted 3 out of 13 observation days from the VOCs-limited to the transition regime when judging using OPE_CL,as compared to calculations using OPE_CAPS.During the observation period,days dominated by regional background O_(x)accounted for 46%and 62%when determined using NO_(2)_CL and NO_(2)_CAPS,respectively.These findings suggest that the use of the CL-NO_(x)analyzer tends to underestimate both the VOCs-limited regime and the regional background O_(x)dominated days.The newly built CAPS-NO_(x)analyzer here can promote the accurate measurement of NO_(2),which is meaningful for diagnosing O_(3)formation regimes and O_(x)sources.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Jilin Provincial Science and Technology Development Plan(20160204015ny)Construction of Jilin Modern Agricultural Industry Research System(201637)National Beef Cattle Yak Industry Research System(CARS-38)
文摘Research results concerned （ 1 ） quantification of pH value and contents of ammonia nitrogen, volatile fatty acids （VFAs）, and lactic acid, which were indicators of fermentative quality of corn stover silage and other crop by-product silages ; （2） introduction of methods for analyses of fiber content in feeds such as detergent and enzymatic analyses; （3） determination of digestive characteristics in the tureen by artificial digestion trials （ in vitro and in situ ） ; （ 4 ） evaluation of meat productivity and quality by feeding corn stover silage to beef cattle in feeding experiments and; （5） preparation of feed composition and feeding standards for animals in Jilin Province. These results and methods substantially contributed to stabilization of feed supply as well as an increase in the efficiency of meat production, resulting in sustainable development of livestock management in China.
文摘This paper presents the achievements in welding technique for the large industrial buildings and structures in China, including the welding of furnaces,kilns,pots,tanks and pipes, the welding of steel construction of industrial building,high-storied building, gymnasium and steel construction of highway bridge. It mainly cites the new efficient and high-quality processes, equipments and materials used in fabricating typical up-to-date construction projects. The paper discusses the prospects for the technical development in welding materials, process and equipments as per usual requirements of architectural and construction industries.
文摘Background: Nurses can often be key frontline healthcare professionals working in remote and rural settings due to resource constraints including an acute shortage of medical practitioners. The provision of regular and appropriate Continuing Professional Development (CPD) to support nurses to be able to provide effective health care therefore becomes even more significant in these settings. Engagement and “buy in” from relevant stakeholders at an organisational level is a critical step to ensure CPD provision for nurses. Objectives: The overall aim was to achieve consensus on CPD for registered nurses working in remote and rural settings among key stakeholders using the Nominal Group Technique (NGT). The objectives were to identify stakeholders’ perspectives on the priorities for CPD training for registered nurses;the preferred modes of delivery for CPD and perceived barriers and facilitators for CPD access. Methods: NGT was used as a qualitative method with key organisational stakeholders in several iterative stages in the form of a workshop. Results: 22 senior healthcare professionals involved in medical and nursing education representing north, northeast, central India and the state of Karnataka in South India participated in the workshop. Three key findings emerged from this study: priorities of CPD;preferred modes of CPD delivery;barriers and facilitators to CPD access. Conclusion: Engagement with key stakeholders to identify CPD priorities can help facilitate strategic planning and provision of relevant and accessible CPD programmes for nurses working within remote and rural health care contexts in India.
文摘The safety,security,and development of a country depend on National Power Elements or factors classified by political scientists on geographical sources.These factors are the capability and capacity of a country to achieve its development aims and objectives such as population and poverty,enough electricity,climate change,availability of water,food production,adequate health facilities,and industrial capacity.The national power elements are interdependent and same of every developed and developing nation,except one or two elements depending on geographical location and population of that country.To strengthen these capability and capacity factors,in 2000 United Nation introduced eight millennium development goals mainly emphasizing on reduction of poverty level up to 50%by 2015.Pakistan was able to work on only three of the indicators out of 169 but was unable to achieve any significant progress.On ending of 15 years'time UN again in 2015 introduced more universal and executable 17 sustainable development goals to be accomplished by 2030.Science was recognized as one of the tools to achieve these SDGs.Scientific and industrial development along with technology are an effective source of economic development.Technology as an application of science for the welfare of human being and technological capacity for development of economic infrastructure development is the most powerful national power element.Technology such as Nuclear Technology is one of the best,which is an accurate and advanced and can be adopted to achieve these goals.Article will discuss Nuclear Technology application on SDGs on which Pakistan is already working since 1956 and has an expertise and trained manpower for achieving nine out of these 17 sustainable goals by applying Nuclear Technology.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the new mobile development paradigm based on the HTML5 and core database storage optimization techniques. With the development of mobile Internet technology and the popularity of smart mobile devices, mobile Internet is becoming more and more obvious in the importance of life, mobile application development is also becoming more and more important. The current mainstream development include the mode of traditional native application development, Web application development based on it, and based on the mixed mode of third-party framework development. The practice of software engineering, points out that productivity of the software breakthrough is the introduction of basic software reuse. Object-oriented framework is an important research content in modern software engineering. Under this basis, we propose the related optimization countermeasures for systematic modifi cation that is meaningful.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the UI and UE design techniques and the status in the HTML5 website development. With the continuous development of science and technology, the user demand for computer software design level enhances unceasingly, the software development workers must deep going research analysis of the target group, to truly understand the user groups like what kind of software, need what kind of software. It is human＇ s behavior and cognition of the operational system affect design, management and improvement of related attributes, and studies the properties and the operation system and the process of interaction. Under this historical period of the time, we propose the novel perspective of the issues that is meaningful.
基金supported by the National Postdoctoral Science Foundation of P.R.China under Grant No.20080431380
文摘Life cycle cost technique is a powerful tool to make a scientific decision and a useful method of advancing the continuable development of the society. In this paper, development course, application actuality and up-to-date research trends of life cycle cost technique in China are summarized. Some suggestions are given on how to general- ize the application of life cycle cost technique which are used as the reference to study life cycle cost technique.
文摘With the development of science and technology in China, the measuring technique in water resources and hydropower engineering is also developing constantly. Measuring technique in water resources and hydropower engineering is an important link in water conservancy and hydropower projects, which can improve the survey efficiency of water conservancy and hydropower projects and promote the rapid development of China's water conservancy and hydropower projects. This paper will analyze the current situation of measuring technique development of water conservancy and hydropower projects and explore how to improve the measuring efficiency of water conservancy and hydropower projects.
文摘Highway traffic safety is an issue confronting developing countries and those of industrialized nations. Nigeria, as a developing country, has been experiencing unusually high traffic related injury and fatality rates. In order to commence combating highway safety problems in Nigeria, the first task is to identify the major contributing factors; however, Nigeria has no reliable and comprehensive database of traffic accidents and casualties. Consequently, the Delphi technique was utilized in generating the required data such as number of registered automobiles, number of licensed drivers, and annual fatality count for modeling and forecasting accident rates in Nigeria. A Bayesian network model was developed and used, with the data obtained from Delphi process, to demonstrate possible traffic safety responses to different scenarios of changes in the Nigerian socio-political culture. Although the Delphi technique and the Bayesian network model only estimate the accident and safety data, those methods can be a realistic option when those data are not available, especially for the developing countries. As a result, the major accident contributors have been identified and the top three contributors-road condition, DUI （driving under the influence） and reckless driving-are policy related. The Nigerian traffic safety outlook would improve significantly if the existing laws and policies can be enforced, even at a very moderate level.
文摘The development of innovative surgical techniques has been a constant and fundamental aspect in liver transplantation(LT)to address chronic organ shortage.Domino liver transplantation(DLT),initially performed by Furtado et al.in Lisbon in 1995,is an innovative technique in which a liver from a patient with a metabolic disorder is transplanted into a recipient with end-stage liver disease[1].
文摘In this article, the relationship between the knowledge of competitors and the development of new products in the field of capital medical equipment has been investigated. In order to identify the criteria for measuring competitors’ knowledge and developing new capital medical equipment products, marketing experts were interviewed and then a researcher-made questionnaire was compiled and distributed among the statistical sample of the research. Also, in order to achieve the goals of the research, a questionnaire among 100 members of the statistical community was selected, distributed and collected. To analyze the gathered data, the structural equation modeling (SEM) method was used in the SMART PLS 2 software to estimate the model and then the K-MEAN approach was used to cluster the capital medical equipment market based on the knowledge of actual and potential competitors. The results have shown that the knowledge of potential and actual competitors has a positive and significant effect on the development of new products in the capital medical equipment market. From the point of view of the knowledge of actual competitors, the market of “MRI”, “Ultrasound” and “SPECT” is grouped in the low knowledge cluster;“Pet MRI”, “CT Scan”, “Mammography”, “Radiography, Fluoroscopy and CRM”, “Pet CT”, “SPECT CT” and “Gamma Camera” markets are clustered in the medium knowledge. Finally, “Angiography” and “CBCT” markets are located in the knowledge cluster. From the perspective of knowledge of potential competitors, the market of “angiography”, “mammography”, “SPECT” and “SPECT CT” in the low knowledge cluster, “CT scan”, “radiography, fluoroscopy and CRM”, “pet CT”, “CBCT” markets in the medium knowledge cluster and “MRI”, “pet MRI”, “ultrasound” and “gamma camera” markets in the high knowledge cluster are located.
文摘Fenlong green ecological agriculture technology （Fenlong technology）, a new smash ridging farming method developed by Guangxi Academy of Agdcultural Sciences, has been elected as the recommended cultivation technique by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. It replaces the traditional plowshare with spiral drill, and its tilth depth is twice deeper than that by tractor tilthing. It also extends soil nutrient, moisture, oxygen and microorganism, the so-called ＂Four pools＂. Soil nutrient, oxygen, microorganism, light and rainfall use ratio is increased by 10%-100%, creating a platform for natural increase of more than 10% of crop yield. Its application to over 20 kinds of crops in 21 provinces has proved that the yield increases 10-30% with quality enhancing 5% and double water retaining capacity but no more input. When the application area of Fenlong could reach 67 million hm2, the amount of fertilizer can be reduced by 40-50 billion kg, saving 120-150 billion Yuan. In this paper, we put forward the strategy of ＂4＋1＂ （arable, saline-alkali soil, grasslands, Sponge City ＋ rivers） green development in China, and deepened the Fenlong cultivated tilled layer from 16.5 cm to 35 cm for 67 million hm2 arable land, ridged 13.3 million hm2 of saline-alkali soil for 35 cm, and also 35 cm for 67 million hm2 degraded steppe, which could have the following 3 effects： first, the 147 million hm2 of land with Fenlong cultivation could increase loosing soil to 315.491 billion m3, in＊ creasing by 159.26% for 120 million hm2 of arable land with the average tilled layer of 16.5 cm, which has loosing soil of only 198.1 billion m3, that is, the space of the land increases 1.6 times. Second, every hectare of plowland could store up to 450 m3/hm2 of natural rainfall, and the unused 60 m3 of saline-alkali soil and grasslands could store water of 102 billion m3, showing an increase of over 88.89% for the current plowland storage of 54 billion m3 at now, that is, double the natural rainfall storage capacity. Third, the two multiple increase of natural resources application can bring trillions of resource activation, environmental cleaning, food security, citizens, health, economic, ecological and social benefits, and makes the Chinese nation move forward in green development. Its application in ＂big scientific research＂ and ＂One Belt And One Road＂ will contribute Chinese strength to the world.
文摘AIM: To optimize diagnosis and treatment guidelines for this geographic region, a panel of gastroenterologists, epidemiologists, and basic scientists carried out a structured evaluation of available literature.
文摘With the development of central-private enterprises integration,selecting suitable key suppliers are able to provide core components for smart complex equipment.We consider selecting suitable key suppliers from matching perspective,for it not only satisfies natural development of smart complex equipment,it is also a good implementation of equipment project in central-private enterprises integration context.In in this paper,we carry out two parts of research,one is evaluation attributes based on comprehensive analysis,and the other is matching process between key suppliers and core components based on the matching attribute.In practical analysis process,we employ comprehensive evaluated analysis methods to acquire relevant attributes for the matching process that follows.In the analysis process,we adopt entropy-maximum deviation method(MDM)-decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(DEMATEL)-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)to obtain a comprehensive analysis.The entropy-MDM is applied to get weight value,DEMATEL is utilized to obtain internal relations,and TOPSIS is adopted to get ideal evaluated solution.We consider aggregating two types of evaluation information according to similarities of smart complex equipment based on the combination between geometric mean and arithmetic mean.Moreover,based on the aforementioned attributes and generalized power Heronian mean operator,we aggregate preference information to acquire relevant satisfaction degree,then combine the constructed matching model to get suitable key supplier.Through comprehensive analysis of selecting suitable suppliers,we know that two-sided matching and information aggregation can provide more research perspectives for smart complex equipment.Through analysis for relevant factors,we find that leading role and service level are also significant for the smart complex equipment development process.
文摘The major functions of an engineering-practical expert system(ESW) and the main features of an expert system development tool(QHWEST) for arc welding procedure are introduced. A brief description is given for the development background, process and principal techniques of the two software systems.
