Since 1990s, the use of deicing salts （i.e., chlorides） has dramatically increased in areas with heavy snowfall in Japan. As a result, the water mixed with salts has accelerated the damage of the reinforced concrete...Since 1990s, the use of deicing salts （i.e., chlorides） has dramatically increased in areas with heavy snowfall in Japan. As a result, the water mixed with salts has accelerated the damage of the reinforced concrete （hereafter, RC） structures. Recently conducted inspection results of RC bridges have reported that many of the damages or deteriorations are observed at the girder ends and abutments This is caused from the water leakage due to the aged expansion joints. In general, the cost for repairing the damaged RC structures is much higher than that for renewing the expansion joints. Therefore, to prevent these damages, we developed a new highly durable jointless system, named RC plug joint, for existing RC bridges with a bridge length less than 40 meters. The RC plug joint connects the abutment＇s backwall to the superstructure＇s deck using reinforcing steel bars and fiber reinforced concrete. The newly developed RC plug joint system can prevent water leakage and allow for a smooth ride of vehicles at the joint. This paper will explore and discuss the development of the RC plug joint, analysis of conducted investigations, and future installation methods.展开更多
面向插电式混合动力乘用车(Plug-in hybrid electric passenger vehicles,PHEV)能耗表征,构建同时预测油耗(Fuel consumption,FC)与等效电耗(Equivalent power consumption,EPC)的联合建模方案.以美国能源署官方公开数据的PHEV子集为样...面向插电式混合动力乘用车(Plug-in hybrid electric passenger vehicles,PHEV)能耗表征,构建同时预测油耗(Fuel consumption,FC)与等效电耗(Equivalent power consumption,EPC)的联合建模方案.以美国能源署官方公开数据的PHEV子集为样本,采用共享特征的梯度提升决策树(Gradient Boosting Decision Tree,GBDT)对两通道回归,设置单任务线性/树模型为基线,按“车辆类别×驱动形式”分层的五折交叉验证进行折外评估.引入纯电占比α,定义等效能耗(Equivalent energy consumption,EEC)并分析情景敏感性与误差传递.结果显示:折外平均绝对误差(Out-of-Fold Mean Absolute Error,OOFMAE)约0.9 MPG(miles per gallon)、3.9 EMPG(equivalent miles per gallon),R^(2)约0.97、0.93;EEC误差随α从FC主导向EPC.分层统计表明,不同车辆类别与驱动形式的误差存在差异.展开更多
文摘Since 1990s, the use of deicing salts （i.e., chlorides） has dramatically increased in areas with heavy snowfall in Japan. As a result, the water mixed with salts has accelerated the damage of the reinforced concrete （hereafter, RC） structures. Recently conducted inspection results of RC bridges have reported that many of the damages or deteriorations are observed at the girder ends and abutments This is caused from the water leakage due to the aged expansion joints. In general, the cost for repairing the damaged RC structures is much higher than that for renewing the expansion joints. Therefore, to prevent these damages, we developed a new highly durable jointless system, named RC plug joint, for existing RC bridges with a bridge length less than 40 meters. The RC plug joint connects the abutment＇s backwall to the superstructure＇s deck using reinforcing steel bars and fiber reinforced concrete. The newly developed RC plug joint system can prevent water leakage and allow for a smooth ride of vehicles at the joint. This paper will explore and discuss the development of the RC plug joint, analysis of conducted investigations, and future installation methods.
文摘面向插电式混合动力乘用车(Plug-in hybrid electric passenger vehicles,PHEV)能耗表征,构建同时预测油耗(Fuel consumption,FC)与等效电耗(Equivalent power consumption,EPC)的联合建模方案.以美国能源署官方公开数据的PHEV子集为样本,采用共享特征的梯度提升决策树(Gradient Boosting Decision Tree,GBDT)对两通道回归,设置单任务线性/树模型为基线,按“车辆类别×驱动形式”分层的五折交叉验证进行折外评估.引入纯电占比α,定义等效能耗(Equivalent energy consumption,EEC)并分析情景敏感性与误差传递.结果显示:折外平均绝对误差(Out-of-Fold Mean Absolute Error,OOFMAE)约0.9 MPG(miles per gallon)、3.9 EMPG(equivalent miles per gallon),R^(2)约0.97、0.93;EEC误差随α从FC主导向EPC.分层统计表明,不同车辆类别与驱动形式的误差存在差异.
