Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types, essentially with- out limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive, offering immense hope of curing ...Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types, essentially with- out limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive, offering immense hope of curing Alzheimer＇s disease, repairing damaged spinal cords, treating kidney, liver and lung diseases and making damaged hearts whole. Until recently, scientists primarily worked with two kinds of stem cells from animals and humans： embryonic stem cells and non-embryonic ＂somatic＂ or ＂adult＂ stem cells. Recent breakthrough make it possible to convert or ＂reprogram＂ specialized adult cells to assume a stem stem-like cells with different technologies. The review will briefly dis- cuss the recent progresses in this area.展开更多
Aim Adult neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons throughout life in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus of most mammalian species. Substantial studies has been made in deciphering alterations in adult ne...Aim Adult neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons throughout life in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus of most mammalian species. Substantial studies has been made in deciphering alterations in adult neurogenesis are closely related to human disorders, including neurodegenerative disease, cerebrovascular disease and traumatic brain injury （TBI）. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying adult neurogenesis in humans remain to be a mystery. A series of researches links neurogenesis to Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase （NAMPT） , a rate-limiting enzyme for mammalian NAD salvage synthesis. Although P7C3 compounds have neuro- protective efficiency by enhancing the activity of NAMPT, most of them were verified in the animal disease model. Fortunately, novel cell culture methods, such as patients-derived or genome-edited pluripotent stem cells （hESCs） and three-dimensional （3 D） organoid culture system, bring hope to drug testing and further develop specific medi- cine for neurodegenesis-associated diseases.展开更多
基金supported by NIH/NINDS R01-NS043246,P30-NS045758the International Spinal Research Trust(STR-100)the Ohio State University College of Medicine
文摘Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types, essentially with- out limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive, offering immense hope of curing Alzheimer＇s disease, repairing damaged spinal cords, treating kidney, liver and lung diseases and making damaged hearts whole. Until recently, scientists primarily worked with two kinds of stem cells from animals and humans： embryonic stem cells and non-embryonic ＂somatic＂ or ＂adult＂ stem cells. Recent breakthrough make it possible to convert or ＂reprogram＂ specialized adult cells to assume a stem stem-like cells with different technologies. The review will briefly dis- cuss the recent progresses in this area.
文摘Aim Adult neurogenesis is the process of generating new neurons throughout life in the olfactory bulb and hippocampus of most mammalian species. Substantial studies has been made in deciphering alterations in adult neurogenesis are closely related to human disorders, including neurodegenerative disease, cerebrovascular disease and traumatic brain injury （TBI）. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying adult neurogenesis in humans remain to be a mystery. A series of researches links neurogenesis to Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase （NAMPT） , a rate-limiting enzyme for mammalian NAD salvage synthesis. Although P7C3 compounds have neuro- protective efficiency by enhancing the activity of NAMPT, most of them were verified in the animal disease model. Fortunately, novel cell culture methods, such as patients-derived or genome-edited pluripotent stem cells （hESCs） and three-dimensional （3 D） organoid culture system, bring hope to drug testing and further develop specific medi- cine for neurodegenesis-associated diseases.
