In literary texts,blank-signs exist in large numbers,both explicit blanksigns with high perceptual characteristics or obvious visual features and implicit blank-signs that are not easy to detect and identify,similar t...In literary texts,blank-signs exist in large numbers,both explicit blanksigns with high perceptual characteristics or obvious visual features and implicit blank-signs that are not easy to detect and identify,similar to'psychic symbols','mental images','concepts'and so on.In semiotic activity,the conditions and forms of presence for blank-signs in literary texts differ from those in general carrier domains;their conditions of presence tend to be more flexible,and their forms more implicit.The presence of blank-sign in the field is reflected in the absence of plot structure,the break of logical chain and the stagnation of plot structure at the level of plot structure,and in the hiding of the purpose of writing,the unfinished business and the opposition between the real world and the ideal world at the level of the theme and connotation.In particular,it should be pointed out that the blank-sign in literary texts are the result of the interaction between authors and readers in the'triangular relationship'between authors,texts and readers.Authors cleverly convey their feelings and meanings by creating blank-signs,and readers complete the construction and deconstruction of the semiotics of literary texts together with authors through searching for,recognising and re-interpreting blank-sign.Blanksigns are connected to the author on one side and the reader on the other side,which is a'golden key'for the establishment and interpretation of the meaning of literary texts.展开更多
Neisseria meningitidis is the agent of invasive meningococcal disease, including cerebral meningitis and septicemia. Because the diseases caused by different clonal groups （sequence types） have their own epidemiolog...Neisseria meningitidis is the agent of invasive meningococcal disease, including cerebral meningitis and septicemia. Because the diseases caused by different clonal groups （sequence types） have their own epidemiological characteristics, it is important to understand the differences among the genomes of the N. meningitidis clonal groups. To this end, a novel interpretation of a structural dot plot of genomes was devised and applied; exact nu- cleotide matches between the genomes ofN. meningitidis serogroup A strain Z2491 and serogroup B strain MC58 were identified, leading to the specification of various structural regions. Known and putative virulence genes for each N. meningitidis strain were then classified into these regions. We found that virulence genes of MC58 tend more to the translocated regions （chromosomal segments in new sequence contexts） than do those of Z2491, notably tending towards the interface between one of the translocated regions and the collinear region. Within the col- linear region, virulence genes tend to occur within 16 kb of gaps in the exact matches. Verification of these tendencies using genes clustered in the cps locus was sufficiently supportive to suggest that these tendencies can be used to focus the search for and understanding of virulence genes and mechanisms of pathogenicity in these two organisms.展开更多
文摘In literary texts,blank-signs exist in large numbers,both explicit blanksigns with high perceptual characteristics or obvious visual features and implicit blank-signs that are not easy to detect and identify,similar to'psychic symbols','mental images','concepts'and so on.In semiotic activity,the conditions and forms of presence for blank-signs in literary texts differ from those in general carrier domains;their conditions of presence tend to be more flexible,and their forms more implicit.The presence of blank-sign in the field is reflected in the absence of plot structure,the break of logical chain and the stagnation of plot structure at the level of plot structure,and in the hiding of the purpose of writing,the unfinished business and the opposition between the real world and the ideal world at the level of the theme and connotation.In particular,it should be pointed out that the blank-sign in literary texts are the result of the interaction between authors and readers in the'triangular relationship'between authors,texts and readers.Authors cleverly convey their feelings and meanings by creating blank-signs,and readers complete the construction and deconstruction of the semiotics of literary texts together with authors through searching for,recognising and re-interpreting blank-sign.Blanksigns are connected to the author on one side and the reader on the other side,which is a'golden key'for the establishment and interpretation of the meaning of literary texts.
文摘Neisseria meningitidis is the agent of invasive meningococcal disease, including cerebral meningitis and septicemia. Because the diseases caused by different clonal groups （sequence types） have their own epidemiological characteristics, it is important to understand the differences among the genomes of the N. meningitidis clonal groups. To this end, a novel interpretation of a structural dot plot of genomes was devised and applied; exact nu- cleotide matches between the genomes ofN. meningitidis serogroup A strain Z2491 and serogroup B strain MC58 were identified, leading to the specification of various structural regions. Known and putative virulence genes for each N. meningitidis strain were then classified into these regions. We found that virulence genes of MC58 tend more to the translocated regions （chromosomal segments in new sequence contexts） than do those of Z2491, notably tending towards the interface between one of the translocated regions and the collinear region. Within the col- linear region, virulence genes tend to occur within 16 kb of gaps in the exact matches. Verification of these tendencies using genes clustered in the cps locus was sufficiently supportive to suggest that these tendencies can be used to focus the search for and understanding of virulence genes and mechanisms of pathogenicity in these two organisms.
