The experimental knowledge on interlayer potential of graphitic materials is summarized and compared with the computational results based on phenomenological models.Besides Lennard-Jones approximation, the Mie potenti...The experimental knowledge on interlayer potential of graphitic materials is summarized and compared with the computational results based on phenomenological models.Besides Lennard-Jones approximation, the Mie potential is discussed, as well as the Kolmogorov-Crespy model and equation of Lebedeva et al.An agreement is found between a set of reported physical properties of graphite(layer binding energies, compressibility along c-axis in a broad pressure range, Raman frequencies for bulk shear and breathing modes under pressure), when a proper choice of model parameters is taken.It is argued that anisotropic potentials, Kolmogorov-Crespy and Lebedeva, are preferable for modeling, as they provide a better, self-consistent description.A method of fast numerical modeling, convenient for the accurate estimation of the discussed physical properties, is proposed.It may be useful in studies of other van der Waals homo/heterostructures as well.展开更多
When an underground structure passes through a liquefiable soil layer,the soil liquefaction may pose a significant threat to the structure.A centrifuge shaking table test was performed to research the seismic response...When an underground structure passes through a liquefiable soil layer,the soil liquefaction may pose a significant threat to the structure.A centrifuge shaking table test was performed to research the seismic response of underground structures in liquefiable interlayer sites,and a valid numerical model was obtained through simulation model test.Finally,the calibrated numerical model was used to perform further research on the influence of various distribution characteristics of liquefiable interlayers on the seismic reaction of underground structures.The key findings are as follows.The structure faces the most unfavorable condition once a liquefiable layer is located in the middle of the underground structure.When a liquefiable layer exists in the middle of the structure,the seismic reactions of both the underground structure and model site will increase with the rise of the thickness of the liquefiable interlayer.The inter-story drift of the structure in the non-liquefiable site is much smaller than that in the liquefiable interlayer site.The inter-story drift of the structure is not only associated with the site displacement and the soil-structure stiffness ratio but also closely associated with the slippage of the soil-structure contact interface under the condition of large deformation of the site.展开更多
Honeycomb interlayer structure sound wave transferring theory of infinite is introduced into the underwater noise control. Based on the layered elastic or viscoelastic medium, the sound insulation property of a normal...Honeycomb interlayer structure sound wave transferring theory of infinite is introduced into the underwater noise control. Based on the layered elastic or viscoelastic medium, the sound insulation property of a normal incidence plane wave on underwater honeycomb interlayer structure is studied by using the method of the transfer matrix and percentage distribution of sound energy in As a particular kind of complex multilayered rubber compound structures, honeycomb different areas. compound structure has better sound insulation property than rubber interlayer with cylindrical cavities compound structure. Simulation results show that the property of rubber material has great effect on structural sound insulation. Soft and small Poisson＇ s ratio rubber can obviously improve sound insulation performance of the whole structure. Furthermore, the material property of the face layer of the honeycomb interlayer structure has greater effects on the insulation performance. To validate the theoretical analysis, large samples of freedom-field measurement of honeycomb sandwich compound structure is carried out in the anechoic water tank of our university. The measurement result is in good agreement with the theoretical prediction.展开更多
Incorporating organic bulky cations in the precursor or post-treatment to achieve two-dimensional/thr ee-dimensional(2D/3D)heterojunction is an effective strategy for enhancing the stability of perovskite materials.Ho...Incorporating organic bulky cations in the precursor or post-treatment to achieve two-dimensional/thr ee-dimensional(2D/3D)heterojunction is an effective strategy for enhancing the stability of perovskite materials.However,the issue of insufficient charge transport in 2D perovskites limits their development,and the fundamental mechanism of out-of-plane carrier transport remains unclear.This study designed and synthesized seven organic phenyl-core cations,differentiated at the 1-and 1,4-positions,and identified the impacts on the corresponding properties of the 2D crystalline perovskite.Shorter cations facilitated a more compact arrangement of adjacent inorganic layers,aligning to favor charge transport along the vertical direction.In addition,introducing high electronegativity led to increased intermolecular interactions,resulting in enhanced structural stability and improved phenyl ring π-orbital overlap and interlayer electron coupling,yielding efficient charge transport.Resilience to thermal stressing of the perovskite was strongly correlated with the carbon chain length of the spacer cations.The increase in cation length and the reduction in the rigidity of the amino-terminal both aided in the dispersion of thermal stress in the inorganic framework.Additional hydrogen bonding also contributed to mitigating structural disorder.展开更多
The hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)as a new type of porous framework materials have been widely studied in various areas.However,the lack of appropriate active sites,low intrinsic conductivity,and poor stabil...The hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)as a new type of porous framework materials have been widely studied in various areas.However,the lack of appropriate active sites,low intrinsic conductivity,and poor stability limited their performance in the field of electrocatalysis.Herein,we designed two 2D metal hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(2D–M–HOF,M=Cu^(2+)or Ni^(2+))with coordination compounds based on 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexahydroxyl cyclotricatechylene and transition metal ions(Cu^(2+)and Ni^(2+)),respectively.The crystal structure of 2D–Cu–HOF is determined by continuous rotation electron diffraction,indicating an undulated 2D hydrogen-bond network with interlayeredπ-πstacking.The flexible structure of 2D–M–HOF leads to the formation of self-adaption interlayered sites,resulting in superior activity and selectivity in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) to C_(2) products,achieving a total Faradaic efficiency exceeding 80%due to the high-efficiency C–C coupling.The experimental results and density functional calculations verify that the undulated 2D–M–HOF enables the energetically favorable formation of*OCCHO intermediate.This work provides a promising strategy for designing HOF catalysts in electrocatalysis and related processes.展开更多
The interlayer contact condition of asphalt pavement has a significant impact on stress transfer and energy dissipation with adjacent layers,so a model considering the bonding condition of adjacent layers is introduce...The interlayer contact condition of asphalt pavement has a significant impact on stress transfer and energy dissipation with adjacent layers,so a model considering the bonding condition of adjacent layers is introduced for evaluating the structural response of asphalt pavement.The pavement structure,the material characterization with temperature,the interlayer contact bonding model,the types of bond failure,and the prediction method of pavement life are described in detail.Results show that the transversely tensile strains at the top of asphalt pavement under the condition of high temperature were easy to cause the top-down cracking outside the edge of the dual tire.The bonding failure has a significant influence on strains at the bottom of the surface course with the condition of high temperature,especially,the longitudinally tensile strains would increase obviously as the disengaging area between the surface course of asphalt pavement and the base layer increases.Finally,it is proved that the surface course is vulnerable to form deformations and cause damage under the combined action of low speed and high temperature.展开更多
The effects of different structures of 2:1 layer minerals, layer charge location, and changes of structure and charge during the weathering process on the fixation and release of interlayer cations are reviewed. It co...The effects of different structures of 2:1 layer minerals, layer charge location, and changes of structure and charge during the weathering process on the fixation and release of interlayer cations are reviewed. It could be concluded that the fixation capacity is determined by the total amount of interlayer charge originating from both octahedral and tetrahedral sheets. The relationship between interlayer cation fixation and octahedral structure of the secondary minerals may be different from that of the primary minerals. The oxidation and reduction of cations with variable valence can greatly influence the cation-fixation capacity.展开更多
Nickel-iron layered double hydroxides(NiFe LDHs) have been identified as one of the best promising electrocatalysts-candidates for oxygen evolution reaction(OER). However, the catalytic activity effected by interlayer...Nickel-iron layered double hydroxides(NiFe LDHs) have been identified as one of the best promising electrocatalysts-candidates for oxygen evolution reaction(OER). However, the catalytic activity effected by interlayer water molecules is ignored and rarely reported. Herein, Ni(OH)_2, NiFe LDHs vertically aligned Ni foam are designed for OER. As a contrast, the corresponding electrocatalysts with the removal of the interlayer water molecules(Ni(OH)_2-AT, NiFe LDHs-AT) are developed to probe into the influence of the interlayer water molecules towards OER. As expected, NiFe LDH nanoplates exhibit excellent catalytic performance and durability for water electrolysis in alkaline conditions with lower overpotential and smaller Tafel slope compared to those of NiFe LDHs-AT, which are influenced mainly by stability of crystal structure due to the existence of interlayer water molecules. The discovery opens up a similar pathway by controlling the amount of water molecules to boost catalytic performance for studying other electrocatalysts with heteroatom dopant.展开更多
Manganese phosphates have shown excellent performances and great potential in electrochemical energy storage,which are demonstrated by research works published in recent years.For manganese phosphates,the open-framewo...Manganese phosphates have shown excellent performances and great potential in electrochemical energy storage,which are demonstrated by research works published in recent years.For manganese phosphates,the open-framework structures with large channels and cavities endow them with good ion conductivity and charge storage capacity.In this review,we present the recent progress on manganese phosphates,by focusing on their advantages/disadvantages and potential applications as a new class of electrode materials in supercapacitors.The structural characteristics,synthesis methods,and mineral sources to prepare these manganese phosphates are investigated,together with the modification,as they strongly affect the electrochemical energy storage performance.Attentions are paid to those hybrid-type materials,where strong synergistic effects exist.In the summary,interlayer engineering for the manganese phosphates and hybrid-types are proposed and discussed.展开更多
The landslide disaster caused by the argillaceous interlayer not only destroys buildings,cultivated land,and roads but also seriously endangers human life and safety.This study concerns the mineral composition of sele...The landslide disaster caused by the argillaceous interlayer not only destroys buildings,cultivated land,and roads but also seriously endangers human life and safety.This study concerns the mineral composition of selected argillaceous interlayer and their strength characteristics.To study the mineral composition of argillaceous interlayers,8 kinds of samples in the southern Jiangsu region of China were analyzed utilizing X-ray diffraction(XRD).The repeated direct shear strength tests(RDST)were carried out on the undisturbed specimens of the argillaceous interlayer.The results show that the argillaceous interlayer with high content of kaolinite shows ductile failure mode,which means that there is no obvious residual strength in the shear process.The arrangement of mineral particles on the shear surface of the specimens after different shear displacements was observed under the scanning electron microscope(SEM).It was observed that mineral particles on the shear surface showed a more directional arrangement with the increase of shear displacement.Furthermore,the influence of shear direction on the argillaceous interlayer with completely oriented mineral particles was studied through numerical experiments with four shear strength mechanisms proposition proposed.The influence of the mineral arrangement on the action occasion and magnitude of dilatancy component of shear strength is clarified in the shear mechanism.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries are promising energy-storage devices for future generations of portable electronics and electric vehicles because of the outstanding energy density,low cost,and nontoxic nature of S.In t...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries are promising energy-storage devices for future generations of portable electronics and electric vehicles because of the outstanding energy density,low cost,and nontoxic nature of S.In the past decades,various novel electrodes and electrolytes have been studied to improve the performance of Li-S batteries.However,the very limited lifespan and rate performance of Li-S batteries originating from the dissolution and diffusion of long-chain polysulfides in liquid electrolytes,and the intrinsic poor conductivity of S severely hinder their practical application.Herein,an electrospinning method was developed to fabricate a thin conductive interlayer consisting of meso-/microporous N/O dual-doping carbon nanofiber(CNF).The freestanding 3 D interwoven structure with conductive pathways for electrons and ions can enhance the contact between polysulfides and N/O atoms to realize the highly robust trapping of polysulfides via the extremely polar interaction.Consequently,combining the meso-microporous N/O dual-doping CNF interlayer with a monodispersed S nanoparticle cathode results in a superior electrochemical performance of 862.5 mAh/g after 200 cycles at 0.2 C and a cycle decay as low as 0.08% per cycle.An area specific capacity of 5.22 mAh/cm^(2) can be obtained after 100 cycles at 0.1 C with a high S loading of 7.5 mg/cm^(2).展开更多
X oilfield is located in Bohai Sea area, in which G oil formation is a typical drape anticline structure, which is composed of multiple sets of thick sandy conglomerate and multiple sets of argillaceous intercalation....X oilfield is located in Bohai Sea area, in which G oil formation is a typical drape anticline structure, which is composed of multiple sets of thick sandy conglomerate and multiple sets of argillaceous intercalation. From the perspective of development effect, muddy interlayer has a great impact on the oilfield. In this paper, through core identification and well logging identification, the electrical discrimination standard is summarized to identify the interlayer. Through statistics and analysis of the production performance of actual wells, the influence of muddy interlayer on the development performance of oil wells is summarized. This study provides guidance for the development of strong bottom water reservoirs with interlayer.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)MoS_(2) nanomaterials have been extensively studied due to their special structure and high theoretical capacity,but it is still a huge challenge to improve its cycle stability and achieve superior ...Two-dimensional(2D)MoS_(2) nanomaterials have been extensively studied due to their special structure and high theoretical capacity,but it is still a huge challenge to improve its cycle stability and achieve superior fast charge and discharge performance.Herein,a facile one-step hydrothermal method is proposed to synthetize an ordered and self-assembled MoS_(2) nanoflower(MoS_(2)/C NF)with expanded interlayer spacing via embedding a carbon layer into the interlayer.The carbon layer in the MoS_(2) interlayer can speed the transfer of electrons,while the nanoflower structure promotes the ions transport and improves the structural stability during the charging/discharging process.Therefore,MoS_(2)/C NF electrode exhibits exceptional rate performance(318.2 and 302.3 mA·h·g^(-1) at 5.0 and 10.0 A·g^(-1),respectively)and extraordinary cycle durability(98.8%retention after 300 cycles at a current density of 1.0 A·g^(-1)).This work provides a simple and feasible method for constructing high-performance anode composites for sodium ion batteries with excellent cycle durability and fast charge/discharge ability.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)battery has attracted intensive attention in the realm of energy storage owing to its high theoretical capacity and energy density.However,the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)b...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)battery has attracted intensive attention in the realm of energy storage owing to its high theoretical capacity and energy density.However,the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)between electrodes results in rapid capacity degradation.Herein,a strategy which combines the design of both chemical interaction and microstructure of interlayer was proposed to suppress the shuttle effect.The chemical interaction between different functionalized MOFs and LiPSs was systematically studied to find the best candidate.Furthermore,an interlayer with ordered structure was constructed via the layer-by-layer assembly of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)on graphene(UiO-66-NH_(2)@graphene)to create sinuous channels which can better impede the diffusion process of LiPSs by the strong adsorption of MOF toward LiPSs.Consequently,in comparison to the battery with a bare separator,the ordered interlayer increased the initial discharge capacity of battery by 28.98%at 1.0 C and lowered the capacity decay rate remarkably from 0.10%to 0.067%per cycle,indicating that the design of chemical interaction and microstructure paves the way for high-performance Li-S batteries.展开更多
Nanoscale thin-film composite(TFC)polyamide membranes are highly desirable for desalination owing to their excellent separation performance.It is a permanent pursuit to further improve the water flux of membrane witho...Nanoscale thin-film composite(TFC)polyamide membranes are highly desirable for desalination owing to their excellent separation performance.It is a permanent pursuit to further improve the water flux of membrane without deteriorating the salt rejection.Herein,we fabricated a high-performance polyamide membrane with nanoscale structures through introducing multifunctional crown ether interlayer on the porous substrate impregnated with m-phenylenediamine.The crown ether interlayer can reduce the diffusion of amine monomers to reaction interface influenced by its interaction with m-phenylenediamine and the spatial shielding effect,leading to a controlled interfacial polymerization(IP)reaction.Besides,crown ether with intrinsic cavity is also favorable to adjust the IP process and the microstructure of polyamide layer.Since the outer surface of the nanocavity is lipophilic,crown ether has good solvency with the organic phase,thus attracting more trimesoyl chloride molecules to the interlayer and promoting the IP reaction in the confined space.As a result,a nanoscale polyamide membrane with an ultrathin selective layer of around 50 nm is obtained.The optimal TFC polyamide membrane at crown ether concentration of 0.25 wt.%exhibits a water flux of 61.2 L·m^(−2)·h^(−1),which is 364%of the pristine TFC membrane,while maintaining a rejection of above 97%to NaCl.The development of the tailor-made nanoscale polyamide membrane via constructing multifunctional crown ether interlayer provides a straightforward route to fabricate competitive membranes for highly efficient desalination.展开更多
Kagome lattice,characterized by two-dimensional honeycomb network of corner-sharing triangles[1],presents flat bands,Dirac cones,and van Hove singularities(VHSs),which have been theoretically predicted and experimenta...Kagome lattice,characterized by two-dimensional honeycomb network of corner-sharing triangles[1],presents flat bands,Dirac cones,and van Hove singularities(VHSs),which have been theoretically predicted and experimentally observed[2-4].When combined with spin-orbit coupling(SOC)and magnetism,novel properties have emerged.Although kagome materials vary,most of their strong interlayer interactions make the synthesized crystals not layered,and the properties deviating from the raw two-dimensional kagome lattices.These crystals are difficult to fabricate into thin devices and to tune the physical properties of the materials using gate voltage.展开更多
A better understanding of the mechanical behavior of the multilayered structure under extermal loading is the most important item for the structural design and the risk asssment.The objective of this study are to prop...A better understanding of the mechanical behavior of the multilayered structure under extermal loading is the most important item for the structural design and the risk asssment.The objective of this study are to propose and develop an analytical solution for the mechanical behaviors of multi-layered structure generated by axisy mmetric loading,and to investigate the impact of anisotropic layers and interlayer conditions on the multi-layered structure.To reach these objectives,first,according to the goveming equations,the analytical solution for a single layer was formulated by adopting the spatial Hankel transform.Then the global matrix technique is applied to achieve the analytical solution of multi-layered structure in Hankel domain.The sliding and bonded interlayer conditions were considered in this process.Finally,the numerical inversion of integral transform was used to solve the components of displacement and stress in real domain.Gauss-Lcgendre quadrature is a key scheme in the numerical inversion process.Moreover,following by the verification of the proposed analytical solution,one typical three-layered flexible pavement was applied as the computing carrier of numerical analysis for the multi-layered structure.The results have shown that the anisotropic layers and the interlayer conditions significantly affect the mechanical behaviors of the proposed structure.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have attracted huge attention due to super-high capacity and low reduction potential of lithium anode constructing high-energy/power density.However,the practical application of LMBs is si...Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have attracted huge attention due to super-high capacity and low reduction potential of lithium anode constructing high-energy/power density.However,the practical application of LMBs is significantly constrained by lithium dendrite growth and high reactivity of lithium anode.Herein,a novel functionalized interlayer that SbF3 is tandem on HKUST-1 skeleton forming favorable Sb-terminated groups structure(HKSF@PE),which were proposed and fabricated to construct highly stable LMBs.Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Sb-terminated groups structure in this configuration display strong interaction with lithium,which can act as a cation receptor and adsorption sites,thereby promoting lithium-ion desolvation and improving lithium-ion transport kinetics.Meanwhile,in-situ XRD,Raman,and DRT analyses indicate that the HKSF assist the formation of LiF-rich and lithiophilic Li3Sb alloys at SEI/Li interface,regulating lithium depo-sition morphology and reconstructing a reinforced SEI interlayer.Consequently,Li|HKSF@PE|Li symmetric cell exhibits exceptional stability over 2500 h at 2 mA cm^(-2) with 1 mAh cm^(-2),and Li|HKSF@PE|LFP full cell demonstrates a high-capacity retention of 92.0%after 220 cycles even at a high rate of 5C.This work reveals the important role of terminated groups to achieve homogeneous lithium deposition and provide a way to construct stable LMBs.展开更多
文摘The experimental knowledge on interlayer potential of graphitic materials is summarized and compared with the computational results based on phenomenological models.Besides Lennard-Jones approximation, the Mie potential is discussed, as well as the Kolmogorov-Crespy model and equation of Lebedeva et al.An agreement is found between a set of reported physical properties of graphite(layer binding energies, compressibility along c-axis in a broad pressure range, Raman frequencies for bulk shear and breathing modes under pressure), when a proper choice of model parameters is taken.It is argued that anisotropic potentials, Kolmogorov-Crespy and Lebedeva, are preferable for modeling, as they provide a better, self-consistent description.A method of fast numerical modeling, convenient for the accurate estimation of the discussed physical properties, is proposed.It may be useful in studies of other van der Waals homo/heterostructures as well.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52078020。
文摘When an underground structure passes through a liquefiable soil layer,the soil liquefaction may pose a significant threat to the structure.A centrifuge shaking table test was performed to research the seismic response of underground structures in liquefiable interlayer sites,and a valid numerical model was obtained through simulation model test.Finally,the calibrated numerical model was used to perform further research on the influence of various distribution characteristics of liquefiable interlayers on the seismic reaction of underground structures.The key findings are as follows.The structure faces the most unfavorable condition once a liquefiable layer is located in the middle of the underground structure.When a liquefiable layer exists in the middle of the structure,the seismic reactions of both the underground structure and model site will increase with the rise of the thickness of the liquefiable interlayer.The inter-story drift of the structure in the non-liquefiable site is much smaller than that in the liquefiable interlayer site.The inter-story drift of the structure is not only associated with the site displacement and the soil-structure stiffness ratio but also closely associated with the slippage of the soil-structure contact interface under the condition of large deformation of the site.
基金supported by the 985-2(New Century Excellent Scholar Plan)Project under Grant No.NCET-04-0959
文摘Honeycomb interlayer structure sound wave transferring theory of infinite is introduced into the underwater noise control. Based on the layered elastic or viscoelastic medium, the sound insulation property of a normal incidence plane wave on underwater honeycomb interlayer structure is studied by using the method of the transfer matrix and percentage distribution of sound energy in As a particular kind of complex multilayered rubber compound structures, honeycomb different areas. compound structure has better sound insulation property than rubber interlayer with cylindrical cavities compound structure. Simulation results show that the property of rubber material has great effect on structural sound insulation. Soft and small Poisson＇ s ratio rubber can obviously improve sound insulation performance of the whole structure. Furthermore, the material property of the face layer of the honeycomb interlayer structure has greater effects on the insulation performance. To validate the theoretical analysis, large samples of freedom-field measurement of honeycomb sandwich compound structure is carried out in the anechoic water tank of our university. The measurement result is in good agreement with the theoretical prediction.
基金financially supported by the Key Fund Project of Tianjin Natural Science Foundation(24JCZDJC00510)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiespartially supported by the U.S.Department of Energy under Contract No.DE-AC3608GO28308 with Alliance for Sustainable Energy,Limited Liability Company(LLC),the Manager and Operator of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory,through Grant No.DE-SC0020718。
文摘Incorporating organic bulky cations in the precursor or post-treatment to achieve two-dimensional/thr ee-dimensional(2D/3D)heterojunction is an effective strategy for enhancing the stability of perovskite materials.However,the issue of insufficient charge transport in 2D perovskites limits their development,and the fundamental mechanism of out-of-plane carrier transport remains unclear.This study designed and synthesized seven organic phenyl-core cations,differentiated at the 1-and 1,4-positions,and identified the impacts on the corresponding properties of the 2D crystalline perovskite.Shorter cations facilitated a more compact arrangement of adjacent inorganic layers,aligning to favor charge transport along the vertical direction.In addition,introducing high electronegativity led to increased intermolecular interactions,resulting in enhanced structural stability and improved phenyl ring π-orbital overlap and interlayer electron coupling,yielding efficient charge transport.Resilience to thermal stressing of the perovskite was strongly correlated with the carbon chain length of the spacer cations.The increase in cation length and the reduction in the rigidity of the amino-terminal both aided in the dispersion of thermal stress in the inorganic framework.Additional hydrogen bonding also contributed to mitigating structural disorder.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(nos.21971012,61933002,21601015,21625102,21674012,and 81601549)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB1506300)Beijing Institute of Technology Research Fund Program for Young Scholars。
文摘The hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(HOFs)as a new type of porous framework materials have been widely studied in various areas.However,the lack of appropriate active sites,low intrinsic conductivity,and poor stability limited their performance in the field of electrocatalysis.Herein,we designed two 2D metal hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks(2D–M–HOF,M=Cu^(2+)or Ni^(2+))with coordination compounds based on 2,3,6,7,14,15-hexahydroxyl cyclotricatechylene and transition metal ions(Cu^(2+)and Ni^(2+)),respectively.The crystal structure of 2D–Cu–HOF is determined by continuous rotation electron diffraction,indicating an undulated 2D hydrogen-bond network with interlayeredπ-πstacking.The flexible structure of 2D–M–HOF leads to the formation of self-adaption interlayered sites,resulting in superior activity and selectivity in the electrocatalytic conversion of CO_(2) to C_(2) products,achieving a total Faradaic efficiency exceeding 80%due to the high-efficiency C–C coupling.The experimental results and density functional calculations verify that the undulated 2D–M–HOF enables the energetically favorable formation of*OCCHO intermediate.This work provides a promising strategy for designing HOF catalysts in electrocatalysis and related processes.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(Program No.21JK0830)Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation Research Project(Program No.2022JM-166).
文摘The interlayer contact condition of asphalt pavement has a significant impact on stress transfer and energy dissipation with adjacent layers,so a model considering the bonding condition of adjacent layers is introduced for evaluating the structural response of asphalt pavement.The pavement structure,the material characterization with temperature,the interlayer contact bonding model,the types of bond failure,and the prediction method of pavement life are described in detail.Results show that the transversely tensile strains at the top of asphalt pavement under the condition of high temperature were easy to cause the top-down cracking outside the edge of the dual tire.The bonding failure has a significant influence on strains at the bottom of the surface course with the condition of high temperature,especially,the longitudinally tensile strains would increase obviously as the disengaging area between the surface course of asphalt pavement and the base layer increases.Finally,it is proved that the surface course is vulnerable to form deformations and cause damage under the combined action of low speed and high temperature.
基金Project(No.39770427)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.
文摘The effects of different structures of 2:1 layer minerals, layer charge location, and changes of structure and charge during the weathering process on the fixation and release of interlayer cations are reviewed. It could be concluded that the fixation capacity is determined by the total amount of interlayer charge originating from both octahedral and tetrahedral sheets. The relationship between interlayer cation fixation and octahedral structure of the secondary minerals may be different from that of the primary minerals. The oxidation and reduction of cations with variable valence can greatly influence the cation-fixation capacity.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51622102, 51571124, 21421001)MOST (2017YFA0206702)+3 种基金the 111 Project (B12015)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (16PTSYJC00030)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Tianjin Colle ge Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project (201814038024)。
文摘Nickel-iron layered double hydroxides(NiFe LDHs) have been identified as one of the best promising electrocatalysts-candidates for oxygen evolution reaction(OER). However, the catalytic activity effected by interlayer water molecules is ignored and rarely reported. Herein, Ni(OH)_2, NiFe LDHs vertically aligned Ni foam are designed for OER. As a contrast, the corresponding electrocatalysts with the removal of the interlayer water molecules(Ni(OH)_2-AT, NiFe LDHs-AT) are developed to probe into the influence of the interlayer water molecules towards OER. As expected, NiFe LDH nanoplates exhibit excellent catalytic performance and durability for water electrolysis in alkaline conditions with lower overpotential and smaller Tafel slope compared to those of NiFe LDHs-AT, which are influenced mainly by stability of crystal structure due to the existence of interlayer water molecules. The discovery opens up a similar pathway by controlling the amount of water molecules to boost catalytic performance for studying other electrocatalysts with heteroatom dopant.
基金financially supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Project(No.2020YJ0163)the Research Foundation for Teacher Development of Chengdu University of Technology(No.10912-2019KYQD-06847)the Science and Technology Innovation Foundation for University Students(No.30800-2019DCXM065)。
文摘Manganese phosphates have shown excellent performances and great potential in electrochemical energy storage,which are demonstrated by research works published in recent years.For manganese phosphates,the open-framework structures with large channels and cavities endow them with good ion conductivity and charge storage capacity.In this review,we present the recent progress on manganese phosphates,by focusing on their advantages/disadvantages and potential applications as a new class of electrode materials in supercapacitors.The structural characteristics,synthesis methods,and mineral sources to prepare these manganese phosphates are investigated,together with the modification,as they strongly affect the electrochemical energy storage performance.Attentions are paid to those hybrid-type materials,where strong synergistic effects exist.In the summary,interlayer engineering for the manganese phosphates and hybrid-types are proposed and discussed.
基金Project(41672258) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2018045) supported by the Land and Resources Science&Technology Project of Jiangsu Province,China。
文摘The landslide disaster caused by the argillaceous interlayer not only destroys buildings,cultivated land,and roads but also seriously endangers human life and safety.This study concerns the mineral composition of selected argillaceous interlayer and their strength characteristics.To study the mineral composition of argillaceous interlayers,8 kinds of samples in the southern Jiangsu region of China were analyzed utilizing X-ray diffraction(XRD).The repeated direct shear strength tests(RDST)were carried out on the undisturbed specimens of the argillaceous interlayer.The results show that the argillaceous interlayer with high content of kaolinite shows ductile failure mode,which means that there is no obvious residual strength in the shear process.The arrangement of mineral particles on the shear surface of the specimens after different shear displacements was observed under the scanning electron microscope(SEM).It was observed that mineral particles on the shear surface showed a more directional arrangement with the increase of shear displacement.Furthermore,the influence of shear direction on the argillaceous interlayer with completely oriented mineral particles was studied through numerical experiments with four shear strength mechanisms proposition proposed.The influence of the mineral arrangement on the action occasion and magnitude of dilatancy component of shear strength is clarified in the shear mechanism.
基金the support from the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2018YFB1107500)the Liao Ning Revitalization Talents Program(No.XLYC1907144)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51503024)the Dalian Youth Science and Technology Star Project Support Program(No.2017RQ104)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S) batteries are promising energy-storage devices for future generations of portable electronics and electric vehicles because of the outstanding energy density,low cost,and nontoxic nature of S.In the past decades,various novel electrodes and electrolytes have been studied to improve the performance of Li-S batteries.However,the very limited lifespan and rate performance of Li-S batteries originating from the dissolution and diffusion of long-chain polysulfides in liquid electrolytes,and the intrinsic poor conductivity of S severely hinder their practical application.Herein,an electrospinning method was developed to fabricate a thin conductive interlayer consisting of meso-/microporous N/O dual-doping carbon nanofiber(CNF).The freestanding 3 D interwoven structure with conductive pathways for electrons and ions can enhance the contact between polysulfides and N/O atoms to realize the highly robust trapping of polysulfides via the extremely polar interaction.Consequently,combining the meso-microporous N/O dual-doping CNF interlayer with a monodispersed S nanoparticle cathode results in a superior electrochemical performance of 862.5 mAh/g after 200 cycles at 0.2 C and a cycle decay as low as 0.08% per cycle.An area specific capacity of 5.22 mAh/cm^(2) can be obtained after 100 cycles at 0.1 C with a high S loading of 7.5 mg/cm^(2).
文摘X oilfield is located in Bohai Sea area, in which G oil formation is a typical drape anticline structure, which is composed of multiple sets of thick sandy conglomerate and multiple sets of argillaceous intercalation. From the perspective of development effect, muddy interlayer has a great impact on the oilfield. In this paper, through core identification and well logging identification, the electrical discrimination standard is summarized to identify the interlayer. Through statistics and analysis of the production performance of actual wells, the influence of muddy interlayer on the development performance of oil wells is summarized. This study provides guidance for the development of strong bottom water reservoirs with interlayer.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51874142)Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou(201806010031)+3 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2019JQ09)Guangdong Innovative and Entrepreneurial Research Team Program(2016ZT06N569)Tip-top Scientific and Technical Innovative Youth Talents of Guangdong Special Support Program(2019TQ05L903)Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2019QNRC001).
文摘Two-dimensional(2D)MoS_(2) nanomaterials have been extensively studied due to their special structure and high theoretical capacity,but it is still a huge challenge to improve its cycle stability and achieve superior fast charge and discharge performance.Herein,a facile one-step hydrothermal method is proposed to synthetize an ordered and self-assembled MoS_(2) nanoflower(MoS_(2)/C NF)with expanded interlayer spacing via embedding a carbon layer into the interlayer.The carbon layer in the MoS_(2) interlayer can speed the transfer of electrons,while the nanoflower structure promotes the ions transport and improves the structural stability during the charging/discharging process.Therefore,MoS_(2)/C NF electrode exhibits exceptional rate performance(318.2 and 302.3 mA·h·g^(-1) at 5.0 and 10.0 A·g^(-1),respectively)and extraordinary cycle durability(98.8%retention after 300 cycles at a current density of 1.0 A·g^(-1)).This work provides a simple and feasible method for constructing high-performance anode composites for sodium ion batteries with excellent cycle durability and fast charge/discharge ability.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51920105004 and 51902060)the Foundation for Young Talents in Higher Education of Guangdong,China(No.2018KQNCX065)National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong,China(No.2019A1515010842).
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)battery has attracted intensive attention in the realm of energy storage owing to its high theoretical capacity and energy density.However,the shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides(LiPSs)between electrodes results in rapid capacity degradation.Herein,a strategy which combines the design of both chemical interaction and microstructure of interlayer was proposed to suppress the shuttle effect.The chemical interaction between different functionalized MOFs and LiPSs was systematically studied to find the best candidate.Furthermore,an interlayer with ordered structure was constructed via the layer-by-layer assembly of metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)on graphene(UiO-66-NH_(2)@graphene)to create sinuous channels which can better impede the diffusion process of LiPSs by the strong adsorption of MOF toward LiPSs.Consequently,in comparison to the battery with a bare separator,the ordered interlayer increased the initial discharge capacity of battery by 28.98%at 1.0 C and lowered the capacity decay rate remarkably from 0.10%to 0.067%per cycle,indicating that the design of chemical interaction and microstructure paves the way for high-performance Li-S batteries.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)for funding and supporting this work through Research Partnership Program(No.RP-21-09-75)。
文摘Nanoscale thin-film composite(TFC)polyamide membranes are highly desirable for desalination owing to their excellent separation performance.It is a permanent pursuit to further improve the water flux of membrane without deteriorating the salt rejection.Herein,we fabricated a high-performance polyamide membrane with nanoscale structures through introducing multifunctional crown ether interlayer on the porous substrate impregnated with m-phenylenediamine.The crown ether interlayer can reduce the diffusion of amine monomers to reaction interface influenced by its interaction with m-phenylenediamine and the spatial shielding effect,leading to a controlled interfacial polymerization(IP)reaction.Besides,crown ether with intrinsic cavity is also favorable to adjust the IP process and the microstructure of polyamide layer.Since the outer surface of the nanocavity is lipophilic,crown ether has good solvency with the organic phase,thus attracting more trimesoyl chloride molecules to the interlayer and promoting the IP reaction in the confined space.As a result,a nanoscale polyamide membrane with an ultrathin selective layer of around 50 nm is obtained.The optimal TFC polyamide membrane at crown ether concentration of 0.25 wt.%exhibits a water flux of 61.2 L·m^(−2)·h^(−1),which is 364%of the pristine TFC membrane,while maintaining a rejection of above 97%to NaCl.The development of the tailor-made nanoscale polyamide membrane via constructing multifunctional crown ether interlayer provides a straightforward route to fabricate competitive membranes for highly efficient desalination.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1402404)National Natural Science Foundation of China(92161201,T2221003,12104221,12104220,12274208,12025404,12004174,91961101,61822403,11874203,and 12374043)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230079)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(020414380192 and 2024300432)。
文摘Kagome lattice,characterized by two-dimensional honeycomb network of corner-sharing triangles[1],presents flat bands,Dirac cones,and van Hove singularities(VHSs),which have been theoretically predicted and experimentally observed[2-4].When combined with spin-orbit coupling(SOC)and magnetism,novel properties have emerged.Although kagome materials vary,most of their strong interlayer interactions make the synthesized crystals not layered,and the properties deviating from the raw two-dimensional kagome lattices.These crystals are difficult to fabricate into thin devices and to tune the physical properties of the materials using gate voltage.
基金This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos:51278188,50808077,and 51778224)Project of Young Core Instructor Growth from Hunan Province of Chinathe financial support from the China Scholarship Council(CSC)under No.201606130003
文摘A better understanding of the mechanical behavior of the multilayered structure under extermal loading is the most important item for the structural design and the risk asssment.The objective of this study are to propose and develop an analytical solution for the mechanical behaviors of multi-layered structure generated by axisy mmetric loading,and to investigate the impact of anisotropic layers and interlayer conditions on the multi-layered structure.To reach these objectives,first,according to the goveming equations,the analytical solution for a single layer was formulated by adopting the spatial Hankel transform.Then the global matrix technique is applied to achieve the analytical solution of multi-layered structure in Hankel domain.The sliding and bonded interlayer conditions were considered in this process.Finally,the numerical inversion of integral transform was used to solve the components of displacement and stress in real domain.Gauss-Lcgendre quadrature is a key scheme in the numerical inversion process.Moreover,following by the verification of the proposed analytical solution,one typical three-layered flexible pavement was applied as the computing carrier of numerical analysis for the multi-layered structure.The results have shown that the anisotropic layers and the interlayer conditions significantly affect the mechanical behaviors of the proposed structure.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372180,92572105)The Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20250069)+3 种基金Project on Carbon Emission Peak and Neutrality of Jiangsu Province(BE2022031-4)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2242022K40001)The Start-up Research Fund of Southeast University(RF1028623081)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2025NSCQ-GPX0662).
文摘Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)have attracted huge attention due to super-high capacity and low reduction potential of lithium anode constructing high-energy/power density.However,the practical application of LMBs is significantly constrained by lithium dendrite growth and high reactivity of lithium anode.Herein,a novel functionalized interlayer that SbF3 is tandem on HKUST-1 skeleton forming favorable Sb-terminated groups structure(HKSF@PE),which were proposed and fabricated to construct highly stable LMBs.Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Sb-terminated groups structure in this configuration display strong interaction with lithium,which can act as a cation receptor and adsorption sites,thereby promoting lithium-ion desolvation and improving lithium-ion transport kinetics.Meanwhile,in-situ XRD,Raman,and DRT analyses indicate that the HKSF assist the formation of LiF-rich and lithiophilic Li3Sb alloys at SEI/Li interface,regulating lithium depo-sition morphology and reconstructing a reinforced SEI interlayer.Consequently,Li|HKSF@PE|Li symmetric cell exhibits exceptional stability over 2500 h at 2 mA cm^(-2) with 1 mAh cm^(-2),and Li|HKSF@PE|LFP full cell demonstrates a high-capacity retention of 92.0%after 220 cycles even at a high rate of 5C.This work reveals the important role of terminated groups to achieve homogeneous lithium deposition and provide a way to construct stable LMBs.
