This paper studies the current available options for floating production platforms in developing deepwater oil fields and the potential development models of future oil and gas exploration in the South China Sea. A de...This paper studies the current available options for floating production platforms in developing deepwater oil fields and the potential development models of future oil and gas exploration in the South China Sea. A detailed review of current deepwater platforms worldwide was performed through the examples of industry projects, and the pros and cons of each platform are discussed. Four types of platforms are currently used for the deepwater development: tension leg platform, Spar, semi-submersible platform, and the floating production system offloading. Among these, the TLP and Spar can be used for dry tree applications, and have gained popularity in recent years. The dry tree application enables the extension of the drilling application for fixed platforms into floating systems, and greatly reduces the cost and complexity of the subsea operation. Newly built wet tree semi-submersible production platforms for ultra deepwater are also getting their application, mainly due to the much needed payload for deepwater making the conversion of the old drilling semi-submersible platforms impossible. These platforms have been used in different fields around the world for different environments; each has its own advantages and disadvantages. There are many challenges with the successful use of these floating platforms. A lot of lessons have been learned and extensive experience accumulated through the many project applications. Key technologies are being reviewed for the successful use of floating platforms for field development, and potential future development needs are being discussed. Some of the technologies and experience of platform applications can be well used for the development of the South China Sea oil and gas field.展开更多
随着共享经济在各行各业的渗透发展,共享住宿平台开始对旅游行业产生重要影响。尽管有一些国外旅游管理文献开始从行为角度研究旅行者参与共享住宿平台的内在行为动机,但缺乏从平台网络效应视角分析平台两边参与者如何影响彼此的平台参...随着共享经济在各行各业的渗透发展,共享住宿平台开始对旅游行业产生重要影响。尽管有一些国外旅游管理文献开始从行为角度研究旅行者参与共享住宿平台的内在行为动机,但缺乏从平台网络效应视角分析平台两边参与者如何影响彼此的平台参与行为,尤其缺乏房东角度的研究。本研究基于信息系统持续使用的相关文献,从共享住宿平台房东的角度,以同边网络效应和跨边网络效应视角探索房东对共享住宿平台持续参与意愿的影响机理。本文利用收集到的288名房东一手调查数据,采用St at a13.0对研究模型进行检验。研究结果发现:(1)房东对平台的感知有用性和满意度对持续参与意愿具有显著的正向影响作用;(2)跨边网络效应在感知有用性对平台满意度的作用中呈正向调节作用;(3)同边网络效应在感知有用性对平台满意度和持续参与意愿的作用中呈倒U型调节作用。该发现为共享住宿平台的长期稳定发展提供了一定理论依据,并对旅游行业如何接纳和发展共享经济模式具有现实意义。展开更多
文摘This paper studies the current available options for floating production platforms in developing deepwater oil fields and the potential development models of future oil and gas exploration in the South China Sea. A detailed review of current deepwater platforms worldwide was performed through the examples of industry projects, and the pros and cons of each platform are discussed. Four types of platforms are currently used for the deepwater development: tension leg platform, Spar, semi-submersible platform, and the floating production system offloading. Among these, the TLP and Spar can be used for dry tree applications, and have gained popularity in recent years. The dry tree application enables the extension of the drilling application for fixed platforms into floating systems, and greatly reduces the cost and complexity of the subsea operation. Newly built wet tree semi-submersible production platforms for ultra deepwater are also getting their application, mainly due to the much needed payload for deepwater making the conversion of the old drilling semi-submersible platforms impossible. These platforms have been used in different fields around the world for different environments; each has its own advantages and disadvantages. There are many challenges with the successful use of these floating platforms. A lot of lessons have been learned and extensive experience accumulated through the many project applications. Key technologies are being reviewed for the successful use of floating platforms for field development, and potential future development needs are being discussed. Some of the technologies and experience of platform applications can be well used for the development of the South China Sea oil and gas field.
文摘随着共享经济在各行各业的渗透发展,共享住宿平台开始对旅游行业产生重要影响。尽管有一些国外旅游管理文献开始从行为角度研究旅行者参与共享住宿平台的内在行为动机,但缺乏从平台网络效应视角分析平台两边参与者如何影响彼此的平台参与行为,尤其缺乏房东角度的研究。本研究基于信息系统持续使用的相关文献,从共享住宿平台房东的角度,以同边网络效应和跨边网络效应视角探索房东对共享住宿平台持续参与意愿的影响机理。本文利用收集到的288名房东一手调查数据,采用St at a13.0对研究模型进行检验。研究结果发现:(1)房东对平台的感知有用性和满意度对持续参与意愿具有显著的正向影响作用;(2)跨边网络效应在感知有用性对平台满意度的作用中呈正向调节作用;(3)同边网络效应在感知有用性对平台满意度和持续参与意愿的作用中呈倒U型调节作用。该发现为共享住宿平台的长期稳定发展提供了一定理论依据,并对旅游行业如何接纳和发展共享经济模式具有现实意义。
