Oxidized nanocarbons(ONCs)have been regarded as efficient electrocatalysts for H2O2 production.However,wet chemical procedures involving large volumes of strong acid and long synthetic time are usually needed to obtai...Oxidized nanocarbons(ONCs)have been regarded as efficient electrocatalysts for H2O2 production.However,wet chemical procedures involving large volumes of strong acid and long synthetic time are usually needed to obtain these ONCs.Herein,a plasma activation strategy is developed as a rapid and environmentally benign approach to obtain various ONCs,including oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes,single-walled carbon nanotube,graphene,and super P carbon black.After a few minutes of plasma activation,oxygen-containing functional groups and defects can be effectively introduced onto the surface of nanocarbons.Enhanced electrocatalytic activity and selectivity are demonstrated by the plasma-ONCs for H2O2 production.Taking oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as an example,high selectivity(up to 95%)and activity(0.75 V at 1 mA cm^(−2))can be achieved in alkaline solution.Moreover,ex situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ Raman measurements reveal that C–O,C=O,edge defect,and sp2 basal planar defect are probably the active sites.展开更多
In this study, integrated multi-wall carbon nanotube （MWCNT） electrodes were prepared in the holes of glass directly by microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition （MWPCVD）. The electrochemical behaviour of catech...In this study, integrated multi-wall carbon nanotube （MWCNT） electrodes were prepared in the holes of glass directly by microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition （MWPCVD）. The electrochemical behaviour of catechol at the integrated MWCNT electrodes was investigated. The oxygen plasma treated CNT electrodes had better electrochemical performance for the analysis of catechol than that of as-synthesized CNT electrodes. Both the as-synthesized CNTs and plasma treated CNTs were characterized by TEM（transmission electron microscopy, XPS（X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy） and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that the oxygen plasma activation is an effective method to enhance the electrochemical properties of CNT electrodes.展开更多
A 1% Fe-30% Hf over yttria-stabilized zirconia catalyst in combination with novel plasma-assisted activation techniques for a direct partial oxidation of methane to methanol was tested using dielectric barrier dischar...A 1% Fe-30% Hf over yttria-stabilized zirconia catalyst in combination with novel plasma-assisted activation techniques for a direct partial oxidation of methane to methanol was tested using dielectric barrier discharge plasma at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. However, instead of methanol, the reaction products were dominated by HE, CO, CO2, C2, and H2O. A catalytically activated plasma process increased the production of methanol compared with a noncatalytic plasma process. The maximum selectivity of methanol production was achieved using a catalyst that was treated at higher applied power.展开更多
Due to its superior nanoscale properties,cobalt(Co)is highly desirable for ultrahigh-density 3D integration into materials through metal/dielectric hybrid bonding.However,this process is very challenging through Co/Si...Due to its superior nanoscale properties,cobalt(Co)is highly desirable for ultrahigh-density 3D integration into materials through metal/dielectric hybrid bonding.However,this process is very challenging through Co/SiO_(2)hybrid bonding,as very hydrophilic SiO_(2)surfaces are needed for bonding during dehydration reactions and oxidation of the Co surfaces must be avoided.Additionally,the substantial coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the robust capping layers(Co and SiO_(2)layers)necessitates hybrid bonding with minimal thermal input and compression.In this study,we introduce a ternary plasma activation strategy employing an Ar/NH_(3)/H_(2)O gas mixture to facilitate Co/SiO_(2)hybrid bonding at temperatures as low as~200℃,which is markedly lower than the melting point of Co(~1500℃).Intriguingly,non-oxide metallization at the Co-Co interface can be realized without the hindrance of a bonding barrier,thereby reducing the electrical resistance by over 40%and compression force requirements.Moreover,the enhancement in the SiO_(2)surface energy through active group terminations fosters extensive interfacial hydration and strengthens the mechanical properties.This research paves the way for fine-tuning bonding surfaces using a material-selective strategy which should advance metal/dielectric hybrid bonding for future integration applications.展开更多
Plasma-activated water(PAW) indicated promising potential in controlling the biological contamination of Bacillus cereus,which eliminated its evolutionary endospore that improves its survival ability.However,the spore...Plasma-activated water(PAW) indicated promising potential in controlling the biological contamination of Bacillus cereus,which eliminated its evolutionary endospore that improves its survival ability.However,the spore inactivation mechanism by PAW at molecular level was not well understood.The mechanism of the B.cereus endospore against PAW at proteomic levels was demonstrated.The Tandem Mass Tag(TMT) labeling was performed.By comparing the treatment groups with control(including PAW and PAW added superoxide dismutase(SOD)),the expression of 251 proteins(with the number of 207 up-and 44 down-regulated) and 379 proteins(with the corresponding number of 238 and 141) were drastically affected,separately.The 6 categories based on the protein-protein interaction(PPI) networks included oxidation-reduction,transport,sporulation and DNA topological change,gene expression,metabolism,and others.The 3 dehydrogenases(genes hisD,BC_2176,and asd) in PAW while oxidoreductase(genes BC_0399 and BC_2529) in SOD were activated to maintain the antioxidation of spores.The proteins(BC_4271 and BC_2655) in SOD were dramatically activated,which were involved in the carbohydrate,amino acid,and energy-coupling transport.All the small,acid-soluble spore proteins were activated in both groups to protect the spores' DNA.In SOD,genes metG2 and rpmC also were considered important factors in translation while this role was played in gene groES but not rpmF in PAW.The PAW activated the biogenesis of cell wall/membrane/envelope and phosphorelay signal transduction system to contribute to the survival of spores whereas the SOD damaged these 2 processes as well as cell division,chromosome separation,organic acid phosphorylation,base-and nucleotide-excision repairs to lead to the death of spores.This would promise to lay the foundation for advancing the study of the intrinsic mechanism of spore killing against PAW and can also provide a reference for future verification.展开更多
Dear Editor,Early pregnancy loss is a condition whose relevance is determined not only by high incidence but also by the frequency of this pathology progressing into habitual miscarriage.According to the American Preg...Dear Editor,Early pregnancy loss is a condition whose relevance is determined not only by high incidence but also by the frequency of this pathology progressing into habitual miscarriage.According to the American Pregnancy Association,non-developing pregnancy(NDP),one of the forms of pregnancy loss,accounts for half of all miscarriages in the early stages[1].展开更多
Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology,with advantages including high forming freedom,short preparation cycle,and significant cost-effectiveness,has successfully demonstrated its viability in the production of metal ...Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology,with advantages including high forming freedom,short preparation cycle,and significant cost-effectiveness,has successfully demonstrated its viability in the production of metal bipolar plates(BPPs)for fuel cells.However,LPBF-processed 316L stainless steel(316L SS)suffers from insufficient surface conductivity and relatively poor corrosion resistance,resulting in high energy loss and limited operational stability in fuel cell modules.This study utilized active screen plasma nitriding(ASPN)technology to modify LPBF-processed 316L SS.The surface structure evolution of LPBF-processed 316L SS and Wrought-316 L SS BPPs under varying nitriding temperatures was systematically investigated.The influence of ASPN temperature on interfacial contact resistance(ICR),corrosion resistance of the nitrided layer,as well as single-cell performance was investigated.Results indicated that at a nitriding temperature of 400°C,LPBF-processed 316L SS BPPs achieved optimal overall performance(microhardness 287.4 HV0.3,ICR 112 mΩ·cm^(2),corrosion potential-151 mV,corrosion current density 0.005 mA/cm^(2)).The LPBF-processed 316L SS BPP,treated under the optimized ASPN temperature,exhibited the highest peak power density(0.194 W/cm^(2))in single-cell tests compared to the gold-sprayed LPBF-processed 316L SS BPP(0.163 W/cm^(2))and untreated LPBF-processed 316L SS BPP(0.121 W/cm^(2)).During a 10 h continuous operation,the ASPN-treated BPP maintained the internal resistance of only 22 mΩ,lower than gold-sprayed BPP(39 mΩ)and untreated BPP(202 mΩ),confirming its robust operational stability.These findings highlighted the potential of ASPN-treated LPBF-processed 316L SS as high-performance metal BPPs,paving the way for broader application of LPBF technology in fuel cell manufacturing.展开更多
Plasma activated water(PAW)was prepared for 10 min to be applied one tofive times as a foliar spray to rice plants,to investigate plant growth,yield and the concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar in the rice...Plasma activated water(PAW)was prepared for 10 min to be applied one tofive times as a foliar spray to rice plants,to investigate plant growth,yield and the concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar in the rice grains produced.The results reveal that(1)the plant height,stem diameter,dry weight,chlorophyll and total carotene concentrations were improved by∼15%,∼25%,∼24%,∼47%and∼45%,respectively,with respect to control,(2)defense mechanisms of the plants treated with PAW were improved,(3)concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar were enhanced in the rice grains of PAW treated plants and(4)yield was increased by∼14%.展开更多
The physicochemical properties of plasma-activated water(PAW)generated under different process conditions were investigated,and their changes under different storage conditions were also studied.The results showed tha...The physicochemical properties of plasma-activated water(PAW)generated under different process conditions were investigated,and their changes under different storage conditions were also studied.The results showed that increasing the processing time and power,and decreasing generated water volume,could cause an increase in the redox potential,conductivity,and temperature of PAW,and a decrease in its pH.A slower dissipation of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in PAW was found on storage at 4℃in a sealed conical flask than on storage at room temperature.The inactivation ability of plasma-activated lactic acid(LA)to Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)was higher than that of PAW or LA alone under the same experimental conditions.The results of this study may provide theoretical information for the application of PAW as a potential antimicrobial agent in the future.展开更多
A novel chemical technique combined with unique plasma activated sintering（PAS） was utilized to prepare consolidated copper matrix composites（CMCs） by adding Cu-SnO2-rGO layered micro powders as reinforced fillers...A novel chemical technique combined with unique plasma activated sintering（PAS） was utilized to prepare consolidated copper matrix composites（CMCs） by adding Cu-SnO2-rGO layered micro powders as reinforced fillers into Cu matrix. The repeating Cu-SnO2-rGO structure was composed of inner dispersed reduced graphene oxide（r GO）, SnO2 as intermedia and outer Cu coating. SnO2 was introduced to the surface of rGO sheets in order to prevent the graphene aggregation with SnO2 serving as spacer and to provide enough active sites for subsequent Cu deposition. This process can guarantee rGO sheets to suffi ciently disperse and Cu nanoparticles to tightly and uniformly anchor on each layer of rGO by means of the SnO2 active sites as well as strictly control the reduction speed of Cu^2＋. The complete cover of Cu nanoparticles on rGO sheets thoroughly avoids direct contact among rGO layers. Hence, the repeating structure can simultaneously solve the wettability problem between rGO and Cu matrix as well as improve the bonding strength between rGO and Cu matrix at the well-bonded Cu-SnO2-rGO interface. The isolated rGO can effectively hinder the glide of dislocation at Cu-rGO interface and support the applied loads. Finally, the compressive strength of CMCs was enhanced when the strengthening effi ciency reached up to 41.展开更多
Sawtooth activity on HT-7 tokamak has been investigated experimentally mainly by using soft x-ray diode array and magnetic probes. Their behaviors and occurrences are correlated closely to the discharge conditions: th...Sawtooth activity on HT-7 tokamak has been investigated experimentally mainly by using soft x-ray diode array and magnetic probes. Their behaviors and occurrences are correlated closely to the discharge conditions: the electron density Ne, the electron temperature Te, the safety factor qa on plasma boundary and wall condition etc. When central line-averaged electron density Ne(0) is over 2.0×1013cm-3 , major sawtooth activity emerges with a period of up to 6.5 ms and a fluctuation amplitude of up to 2-30 % of SXR radiation signal. In some cases such as the safety factor between 4.2-4.7 and Zeff=3.0-6.0, a monster sawtooth activity often emerges without apparent deterioration of plasma confinement and without major disruption. During these events, abundant MHD phenomena are observed including partial sawtooth oscillations. In this paper, the observed sawtooth behaviors and their dependence on the and their dependence density Ne and wall condition in ohmically heated plasma are introduced, the results are discussed and presented.展开更多
The mutagenic effects of discharge plasma and plasma+PAW(plasma and its activated water combined) on Astragalus adsurgens Pall seeds were explored. Needle array-plate dielectric-barrier discharge plasma was used to tr...The mutagenic effects of discharge plasma and plasma+PAW(plasma and its activated water combined) on Astragalus adsurgens Pall seeds were explored. Needle array-plate dielectric-barrier discharge plasma was used to treat A. adsurgens Pall seeds and PAW was prepared at the same time.The deionized water and the obtained PAW were used to cultivate plasma-treated seeds in groups and the survival rate of each group was counted. Results showed that the survival rate of the treated seeds of A. adsurgens Pall when cultured with deionized water was not significantly different from that of the control check(CK). The culture with PAW had an obvious lethal effect and each group reached the half-lethal dose. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) and RNA-Seq analysis of seedlings in the 3 h treatment group showed that the content of ROS in the 3 d post-treatment group was significantly higher than that of the CK. Because expression of the gene with the function of scavenging superoxide free radicals was upregulated, the ROS content of seedlings on the sixth day was significantly lower than that on the third day. Plasma and plasma+PAW treatments changed a large number of gene expressions;particularly, the plasma+PAW group caused plant-growth genes to be significantly upregulated. After treatment, the seedlings of A. adsurgens Pall may grow faster and have higher nutritional value. This research is of great significance to the wider application of isoelectronic bodies and their activated water physicochemical mutagens in biological effects and breeding research.展开更多
The pulsed corona discharge(CD)generated in contact with water and directly in water,and high-power air plasma jet(APJ)were studied for production of plasma activated water(PAW).The changes of physical(pH,redox potent...The pulsed corona discharge(CD)generated in contact with water and directly in water,and high-power air plasma jet(APJ)were studied for production of plasma activated water(PAW).The changes of physical(pH,redox potential,conductivity,temperature)and chemical(peroxides,nitrites,nitrates concentrations)properties of treated water were investigated.The comparison of CD generated in gas/water interface and underwater configuration in the same system showed that the interaction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formed in ambient air in gas/water system induces different chemical processes,leading to lower pH,higher oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)and higher conductivity of PAW than in underwater discharge.High yield of peroxide was observed in both configurations.The PAW prepared by APJ exhibits high concentration of nitrites and nitrates according to supplied energy,and related significant decrease of pH and increase of ORP and conductivity after treatment.The antimicrobial effect of PAW prepared by CD and plasma jet on lentils sprouts was studied in different treatment and washing times.The APJ appears to have great efficacy on water activation resulted in strong decontamination effect.The PAW treated by APJ for 10 min led to bacterial reduction from initial 8.3 to 5.9 and 4.0 log10 CFU g^(-1)after 10 and 30 min of washing,respectively.展开更多
Eight-month-old Wulong geese were fed with the diet with different proportions of Leymus chiesensis at the same energy and protein level. The activities of plasma Alkaline Phosphatase （AKP）, Acid Phosphatase （ACP）...Eight-month-old Wulong geese were fed with the diet with different proportions of Leymus chiesensis at the same energy and protein level. The activities of plasma Alkaline Phosphatase （AKP）, Acid Phosphatase （ACP）, Choline Esterace （CHE）, Lactic Dehydrogenase （LDH）, Glutamicoxalacetic Transaminase （GOT） and Glutamatepyruvate Transaminase （GPT） were determined and then their correlations with fiber digestibility and the apparent digestibility of Ca, R Met and Cys were analyzed. The results showed that the activity of AKP took on a significant downtrend as the increasing of Leymus chinensis proportion （P〈0.05）. There was a negative correlation between the AKP activity and the digestibility of crude fiber （CF）, neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） （P〈0.05）. However, there was a significant positive correlation between the AKP activity and the apparent digestibility of Ca, Met and Cys （P〈0.05）. Moreover, the activities of the other five enzymes had no significant correlation with the digestibility of CF, NDF, ADF, and the apparent digestibility of Ca, Met and Cys （P〉0.05）.展开更多
Experimental properties of monster sawtooth activities in ohmic HT-7 plasma are presented in this paper. The monster sawtooth activities belong to global fluctuations and are characterized with a series of large core ...Experimental properties of monster sawtooth activities in ohmic HT-7 plasma are presented in this paper. The monster sawtooth activities belong to global fluctuations and are characterized with a series of large core collapses on SXR intensity traces with a long period, a large amplitude fluctuation and a large inversion radius. However, they emerge without apparent deterioration of plasma confinement and without major plasma disruption. During the events, long partial sawtooth collapses and abundant MHD phenomena are also observed.展开更多
Aiming at studying the influence of actuating frequency on plasma assisted detonation initiation by alternating current dielectric barrier discharge, a loosely coupled method is used to simulate the detonation initiat...Aiming at studying the influence of actuating frequency on plasma assisted detonation initiation by alternating current dielectric barrier discharge, a loosely coupled method is used to simulate the detonation initiation process of a hydrogenoxygen mixture in a detonation tube at different actuating frequencies. Both the discharge products and the detonation forming process which is assisted by the plasma are analyzed. It is found that the patterns of the temporal and spatial distributions of discharge products in one cycle are not changed by the actuating frequency. However, the concentration of every species decreases as the actuating frequency rises, and atom O is the most sensitive to this variation, which is related to the decrease of discharge power. With respect to the reaction flow of the detonation tube, the deflagration-todetonation transition（DDT） time and distance both increase as the actuating frequency rises, but the degree of effect on DDT development during flow field evolution is erratic. Generally, the actuating frequency affects none of the amplitude value of the pressure, temperature, species concentration of the flow field, and the combustion degree within the reaction zone.展开更多
Fe3Al alloys with nearly full density were fabricated by plasma activated sintering（PAS） and hot pressing（HP） from mechanical alloyed Fe-28%Al（mole fraction） powders,respectively.It is found that A2-type Fe3Al a...Fe3Al alloys with nearly full density were fabricated by plasma activated sintering（PAS） and hot pressing（HP） from mechanical alloyed Fe-28%Al（mole fraction） powders,respectively.It is found that A2-type Fe3Al alloys were obtained by PAS,and they had a heterogeneous grain size distribution,most areas had a grain size smaller than 500 nm,and other areas had a grain size of about 1 μm.Different to PAS,D03-type Fe3Al alloys with a grain size of of 1-2 μm were obtained by HP.The compression testing results show that yield strength values of Fe3Al alloys fabricated by PAS and HP are almost equal at an elevated temperature,and the compression yield strength was about 100 MPa for all at 800 ℃.The room temperature compression ductility of Fe3Al alloys by PAS was about 20%,which was superior to that of Fe3Al alloys prepared by HP and casting.展开更多
Silicon and glass are two of the most ideal materials for micro/nanofluidic devices,which have been widely used for research in multidisciplinary fields.However,many micro/nanofluidic devices enable only single use du...Silicon and glass are two of the most ideal materials for micro/nanofluidic devices,which have been widely used for research in multidisciplinary fields.However,many micro/nanofluidic devices enable only single use due to the irreversible bonding between Si/glass or glass/glass chips.If the silicon-and glass-based devices are fabricated to be detachable,the substrates can be reused and bonded again without repeating expensive micro/nanofabrication processes.Herein,we present a recycled direct bonding method for Si/glass and glass/glass chips based on oxygen plasma activation and low-temperature annealing processes.Strong bonding strength and void-free bonding interface are obtained after annealing at 150℃.The surfaces and the bonding interfaces are characterized to elucidate the bonding mechanisms.Moreover,immersion tests are carried out to investigate the interfacial corrosion resistance in various chemical and biological solutions as well as explore a detachable method.The bonding strengths are controlled to meet the demand for micro/nanofluidic devices and the bonding interfaces can be separated in ethanol.As a result,we succeed in the experiment of bonding and detaching of glass substrates without fracturing,which is repeated for three times.展开更多
Objective. To observe the clinical efficacy and mechanism of Zhuyu Tongfu （逐瘀通腑, ZYTF） Serial Recipe combined with acupuncture and massotherapy in treating hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage （HCH）. Methods： One...Objective. To observe the clinical efficacy and mechanism of Zhuyu Tongfu （逐瘀通腑, ZYTF） Serial Recipe combined with acupuncture and massotherapy in treating hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage （HCH）. Methods： One hundred and eighteen patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, on the basis of conventional Western medicine treatment, were randomly divided into ZYTF combined with acupuncture and massotherapy group （treated group） and simple Western medicine group （control group） ; the clinical efficacy, neurofunction deficit scoring （NDS） alterations and hematoma absorption rate of both groups were observed, and also the plasma superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, plasma lipid peroxidase （LPO） content, erythrocyte glutathion peroxidase （GSH-Px） activity, hematocrit （Ht） and the whole blood viscosity （Va） change were also observed. Results： In the treated group, the clinical efficacy, NDS improvement and hematoma absorption rate were superior to that of the control group; comparison between the two groups after treatment showed that plasma SOD activity and GSH-Px activity got more elevated and plasma LPO content, Ht and Va more lowered in the the treated group than those in the control group. Cenclusien： ZYTF combined with acupuncture and massotherapy has better effect, its therapeutic mechanism was possibly correlated to the elevation of plasma SOD activity, GSH-Px activity and lowering of plasma LPO content, Ht and Va.展开更多
AlN ceramics were prepared by plasma activation sintering(PAS)with compound additives yttrium acetylacetonate(Y(acac)_(3))and melamine(C_(3)H_(6)N_(6)).The effects of compound additives on the microstructure,density,a...AlN ceramics were prepared by plasma activation sintering(PAS)with compound additives yttrium acetylacetonate(Y(acac)_(3))and melamine(C_(3)H_(6)N_(6)).The effects of compound additives on the microstructure,density,and thermal properties of Al N ceramic were studied.Y(acac)3and C_(3)H_(6)N_(6)can form Y_(2)O_(3),residual organic carbon and reducing gas during the heating process,which improves the Al N sintering performance at a temperature of 1700℃and the bulk thermal conductivity.When the content of Y(acac)_(3)is 10 wt%and C_(3)H_(6)N_(6)is 3 wt%,the thermal conductivity of Al N ceramics is 105.6 W/(m·K),which is much higher than that of Al N ceramics with Y_(2)O_(3)under the same sintering conditions.This work provides theoretical reference for the preparation of high-performance Al N ceramic.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12075002)the Outstanding Youth Fund of Anhui Province(No.2008085J21)+1 种基金the Anhui Provincial Supporting Program for Excellent Young Talents in Universities(No.gxyqZD2019005)the Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project of Overseas Returnees in Anhui Province(No.2019LCX018).
文摘Oxidized nanocarbons(ONCs)have been regarded as efficient electrocatalysts for H2O2 production.However,wet chemical procedures involving large volumes of strong acid and long synthetic time are usually needed to obtain these ONCs.Herein,a plasma activation strategy is developed as a rapid and environmentally benign approach to obtain various ONCs,including oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes,single-walled carbon nanotube,graphene,and super P carbon black.After a few minutes of plasma activation,oxygen-containing functional groups and defects can be effectively introduced onto the surface of nanocarbons.Enhanced electrocatalytic activity and selectivity are demonstrated by the plasma-ONCs for H2O2 production.Taking oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes as an example,high selectivity(up to 95%)and activity(0.75 V at 1 mA cm^(−2))can be achieved in alkaline solution.Moreover,ex situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and in situ Raman measurements reveal that C–O,C=O,edge defect,and sp2 basal planar defect are probably the active sites.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50572075,50302007)the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education(206098)the Youth Sunshine Project of Wuhan City China(No.20045006071-39)
文摘In this study, integrated multi-wall carbon nanotube （MWCNT） electrodes were prepared in the holes of glass directly by microwave plasma chemical vapour deposition （MWPCVD）. The electrochemical behaviour of catechol at the integrated MWCNT electrodes was investigated. The oxygen plasma treated CNT electrodes had better electrochemical performance for the analysis of catechol than that of as-synthesized CNT electrodes. Both the as-synthesized CNTs and plasma treated CNTs were characterized by TEM（transmission electron microscopy, XPS（X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy） and Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed that the oxygen plasma activation is an effective method to enhance the electrochemical properties of CNT electrodes.
基金Project supported bythe National Research Laboratory Programof the Korea Ministry of Science and Technology
文摘A 1% Fe-30% Hf over yttria-stabilized zirconia catalyst in combination with novel plasma-assisted activation techniques for a direct partial oxidation of methane to methanol was tested using dielectric barrier discharge plasma at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. However, instead of methanol, the reaction products were dominated by HE, CO, CO2, C2, and H2O. A catalytically activated plasma process increased the production of methanol compared with a noncatalytic plasma process. The maximum selectivity of methanol production was achieved using a catalyst that was treated at higher applied power.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.92164105 and 51975151)the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under grant LH2019E041+1 种基金the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program(HITTY-20190013)State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding&Joining of Materials and Structures(No.24-T-04)。
文摘Due to its superior nanoscale properties,cobalt(Co)is highly desirable for ultrahigh-density 3D integration into materials through metal/dielectric hybrid bonding.However,this process is very challenging through Co/SiO_(2)hybrid bonding,as very hydrophilic SiO_(2)surfaces are needed for bonding during dehydration reactions and oxidation of the Co surfaces must be avoided.Additionally,the substantial coefficient of thermal expansion mismatch between the robust capping layers(Co and SiO_(2)layers)necessitates hybrid bonding with minimal thermal input and compression.In this study,we introduce a ternary plasma activation strategy employing an Ar/NH_(3)/H_(2)O gas mixture to facilitate Co/SiO_(2)hybrid bonding at temperatures as low as~200℃,which is markedly lower than the melting point of Co(~1500℃).Intriguingly,non-oxide metallization at the Co-Co interface can be realized without the hindrance of a bonding barrier,thereby reducing the electrical resistance by over 40%and compression force requirements.Moreover,the enhancement in the SiO_(2)surface energy through active group terminations fosters extensive interfacial hydration and strengthens the mechanical properties.This research paves the way for fine-tuning bonding surfaces using a material-selective strategy which should advance metal/dielectric hybrid bonding for future integration applications.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (LR21C200002)。
文摘Plasma-activated water(PAW) indicated promising potential in controlling the biological contamination of Bacillus cereus,which eliminated its evolutionary endospore that improves its survival ability.However,the spore inactivation mechanism by PAW at molecular level was not well understood.The mechanism of the B.cereus endospore against PAW at proteomic levels was demonstrated.The Tandem Mass Tag(TMT) labeling was performed.By comparing the treatment groups with control(including PAW and PAW added superoxide dismutase(SOD)),the expression of 251 proteins(with the number of 207 up-and 44 down-regulated) and 379 proteins(with the corresponding number of 238 and 141) were drastically affected,separately.The 6 categories based on the protein-protein interaction(PPI) networks included oxidation-reduction,transport,sporulation and DNA topological change,gene expression,metabolism,and others.The 3 dehydrogenases(genes hisD,BC_2176,and asd) in PAW while oxidoreductase(genes BC_0399 and BC_2529) in SOD were activated to maintain the antioxidation of spores.The proteins(BC_4271 and BC_2655) in SOD were dramatically activated,which were involved in the carbohydrate,amino acid,and energy-coupling transport.All the small,acid-soluble spore proteins were activated in both groups to protect the spores' DNA.In SOD,genes metG2 and rpmC also were considered important factors in translation while this role was played in gene groES but not rpmF in PAW.The PAW activated the biogenesis of cell wall/membrane/envelope and phosphorelay signal transduction system to contribute to the survival of spores whereas the SOD damaged these 2 processes as well as cell division,chromosome separation,organic acid phosphorylation,base-and nucleotide-excision repairs to lead to the death of spores.This would promise to lay the foundation for advancing the study of the intrinsic mechanism of spore killing against PAW and can also provide a reference for future verification.
基金financial support of the Russian Science Foundation(Grant No.23-13-00201)。
文摘Dear Editor,Early pregnancy loss is a condition whose relevance is determined not only by high incidence but also by the frequency of this pathology progressing into habitual miscarriage.According to the American Pregnancy Association,non-developing pregnancy(NDP),one of the forms of pregnancy loss,accounts for half of all miscarriages in the early stages[1].
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB1715400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52225503)+4 种基金Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2020Z049052001)Key Research and Development Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant Nos.BE2022069,BE2022069–1)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.NI2024003)National Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Groups(Grant No.51921003)the 15th Batch of“Six Talents Peaks”Innovative Talents Team Program(Grant No.TD-GDZB-001).
文摘Laser powder bed fusion(LPBF)technology,with advantages including high forming freedom,short preparation cycle,and significant cost-effectiveness,has successfully demonstrated its viability in the production of metal bipolar plates(BPPs)for fuel cells.However,LPBF-processed 316L stainless steel(316L SS)suffers from insufficient surface conductivity and relatively poor corrosion resistance,resulting in high energy loss and limited operational stability in fuel cell modules.This study utilized active screen plasma nitriding(ASPN)technology to modify LPBF-processed 316L SS.The surface structure evolution of LPBF-processed 316L SS and Wrought-316 L SS BPPs under varying nitriding temperatures was systematically investigated.The influence of ASPN temperature on interfacial contact resistance(ICR),corrosion resistance of the nitrided layer,as well as single-cell performance was investigated.Results indicated that at a nitriding temperature of 400°C,LPBF-processed 316L SS BPPs achieved optimal overall performance(microhardness 287.4 HV0.3,ICR 112 mΩ·cm^(2),corrosion potential-151 mV,corrosion current density 0.005 mA/cm^(2)).The LPBF-processed 316L SS BPP,treated under the optimized ASPN temperature,exhibited the highest peak power density(0.194 W/cm^(2))in single-cell tests compared to the gold-sprayed LPBF-processed 316L SS BPP(0.163 W/cm^(2))and untreated LPBF-processed 316L SS BPP(0.121 W/cm^(2)).During a 10 h continuous operation,the ASPN-treated BPP maintained the internal resistance of only 22 mΩ,lower than gold-sprayed BPP(39 mΩ)and untreated BPP(202 mΩ),confirming its robust operational stability.These findings highlighted the potential of ASPN-treated LPBF-processed 316L SS as high-performance metal BPPs,paving the way for broader application of LPBF technology in fuel cell manufacturing.
基金the Ministry of Education(no.LS2017544)the People’s Republic of Bangladesh,and the University of Rajshahi(No.62/5/52/RU/Engg-05/2020-2021)for their partialfinancial support to carry out this work。
文摘Plasma activated water(PAW)was prepared for 10 min to be applied one tofive times as a foliar spray to rice plants,to investigate plant growth,yield and the concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar in the rice grains produced.The results reveal that(1)the plant height,stem diameter,dry weight,chlorophyll and total carotene concentrations were improved by∼15%,∼25%,∼24%,∼47%and∼45%,respectively,with respect to control,(2)defense mechanisms of the plants treated with PAW were improved,(3)concentrations of total soluble protein and sugar were enhanced in the rice grains of PAW treated plants and(4)yield was increased by∼14%.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32260643)for financial support of this study。
文摘The physicochemical properties of plasma-activated water(PAW)generated under different process conditions were investigated,and their changes under different storage conditions were also studied.The results showed that increasing the processing time and power,and decreasing generated water volume,could cause an increase in the redox potential,conductivity,and temperature of PAW,and a decrease in its pH.A slower dissipation of the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in PAW was found on storage at 4℃in a sealed conical flask than on storage at room temperature.The inactivation ability of plasma-activated lactic acid(LA)to Listeria monocytogenes(L.monocytogenes)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)was higher than that of PAW or LA alone under the same experimental conditions.The results of this study may provide theoretical information for the application of PAW as a potential antimicrobial agent in the future.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51572208)the 111 Project(B13035)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2014CFB257 and 2014CFB258)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(WUT:2015-III-059)
文摘A novel chemical technique combined with unique plasma activated sintering（PAS） was utilized to prepare consolidated copper matrix composites（CMCs） by adding Cu-SnO2-rGO layered micro powders as reinforced fillers into Cu matrix. The repeating Cu-SnO2-rGO structure was composed of inner dispersed reduced graphene oxide（r GO）, SnO2 as intermedia and outer Cu coating. SnO2 was introduced to the surface of rGO sheets in order to prevent the graphene aggregation with SnO2 serving as spacer and to provide enough active sites for subsequent Cu deposition. This process can guarantee rGO sheets to suffi ciently disperse and Cu nanoparticles to tightly and uniformly anchor on each layer of rGO by means of the SnO2 active sites as well as strictly control the reduction speed of Cu^2＋. The complete cover of Cu nanoparticles on rGO sheets thoroughly avoids direct contact among rGO layers. Hence, the repeating structure can simultaneously solve the wettability problem between rGO and Cu matrix as well as improve the bonding strength between rGO and Cu matrix at the well-bonded Cu-SnO2-rGO interface. The isolated rGO can effectively hinder the glide of dislocation at Cu-rGO interface and support the applied loads. Finally, the compressive strength of CMCs was enhanced when the strengthening effi ciency reached up to 41.
基金the Chinese Nature Science Funds under contract! number 19789501.
文摘Sawtooth activity on HT-7 tokamak has been investigated experimentally mainly by using soft x-ray diode array and magnetic probes. Their behaviors and occurrences are correlated closely to the discharge conditions: the electron density Ne, the electron temperature Te, the safety factor qa on plasma boundary and wall condition etc. When central line-averaged electron density Ne(0) is over 2.0×1013cm-3 , major sawtooth activity emerges with a period of up to 6.5 ms and a fluctuation amplitude of up to 2-30 % of SXR radiation signal. In some cases such as the safety factor between 4.2-4.7 and Zeff=3.0-6.0, a monster sawtooth activity often emerges without apparent deterioration of plasma confinement and without major disruption. During these events, abundant MHD phenomena are observed including partial sawtooth oscillations. In this paper, the observed sawtooth behaviors and their dependence on the and their dependence density Ne and wall condition in ohmically heated plasma are introduced, the results are discussed and presented.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51767020 and 52067017)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Plan Project (No. 2020GG0280)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Nos. 2019MS06025 and 2020MS01016)。
文摘The mutagenic effects of discharge plasma and plasma+PAW(plasma and its activated water combined) on Astragalus adsurgens Pall seeds were explored. Needle array-plate dielectric-barrier discharge plasma was used to treat A. adsurgens Pall seeds and PAW was prepared at the same time.The deionized water and the obtained PAW were used to cultivate plasma-treated seeds in groups and the survival rate of each group was counted. Results showed that the survival rate of the treated seeds of A. adsurgens Pall when cultured with deionized water was not significantly different from that of the control check(CK). The culture with PAW had an obvious lethal effect and each group reached the half-lethal dose. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) and RNA-Seq analysis of seedlings in the 3 h treatment group showed that the content of ROS in the 3 d post-treatment group was significantly higher than that of the CK. Because expression of the gene with the function of scavenging superoxide free radicals was upregulated, the ROS content of seedlings on the sixth day was significantly lower than that on the third day. Plasma and plasma+PAW treatments changed a large number of gene expressions;particularly, the plasma+PAW group caused plant-growth genes to be significantly upregulated. After treatment, the seedlings of A. adsurgens Pall may grow faster and have higher nutritional value. This research is of great significance to the wider application of isoelectronic bodies and their activated water physicochemical mutagens in biological effects and breeding research.
基金supported by the Slovak Research and Development Agency under the contract Nos.APVV-16-0216,APVV-19-0386 and Slovak Grant Agency No.1/0782/19。
文摘The pulsed corona discharge(CD)generated in contact with water and directly in water,and high-power air plasma jet(APJ)were studied for production of plasma activated water(PAW).The changes of physical(pH,redox potential,conductivity,temperature)and chemical(peroxides,nitrites,nitrates concentrations)properties of treated water were investigated.The comparison of CD generated in gas/water interface and underwater configuration in the same system showed that the interaction of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formed in ambient air in gas/water system induces different chemical processes,leading to lower pH,higher oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)and higher conductivity of PAW than in underwater discharge.High yield of peroxide was observed in both configurations.The PAW prepared by APJ exhibits high concentration of nitrites and nitrates according to supplied energy,and related significant decrease of pH and increase of ORP and conductivity after treatment.The antimicrobial effect of PAW prepared by CD and plasma jet on lentils sprouts was studied in different treatment and washing times.The APJ appears to have great efficacy on water activation resulted in strong decontamination effect.The PAW treated by APJ for 10 min led to bacterial reduction from initial 8.3 to 5.9 and 4.0 log10 CFU g^(-1)after 10 and 30 min of washing,respectively.
文摘Eight-month-old Wulong geese were fed with the diet with different proportions of Leymus chiesensis at the same energy and protein level. The activities of plasma Alkaline Phosphatase （AKP）, Acid Phosphatase （ACP）, Choline Esterace （CHE）, Lactic Dehydrogenase （LDH）, Glutamicoxalacetic Transaminase （GOT） and Glutamatepyruvate Transaminase （GPT） were determined and then their correlations with fiber digestibility and the apparent digestibility of Ca, R Met and Cys were analyzed. The results showed that the activity of AKP took on a significant downtrend as the increasing of Leymus chinensis proportion （P〈0.05）. There was a negative correlation between the AKP activity and the digestibility of crude fiber （CF）, neutral detergent fiber （NDF） and acid detergent fiber （ADF） （P〈0.05）. However, there was a significant positive correlation between the AKP activity and the apparent digestibility of Ca, Met and Cys （P〈0.05）. Moreover, the activities of the other five enzymes had no significant correlation with the digestibility of CF, NDF, ADF, and the apparent digestibility of Ca, Met and Cys （P〉0.05）.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No.19789501.
文摘Experimental properties of monster sawtooth activities in ohmic HT-7 plasma are presented in this paper. The monster sawtooth activities belong to global fluctuations and are characterized with a series of large core collapses on SXR intensity traces with a long period, a large amplitude fluctuation and a large inversion radius. However, they emerge without apparent deterioration of plasma confinement and without major plasma disruption. During the events, long partial sawtooth collapses and abundant MHD phenomena are also observed.
基金Project supported by the Open Project of Science and Technology on Scramjet Laboratory,China(Grant No.CG-2014-05-118)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91441123)
文摘Aiming at studying the influence of actuating frequency on plasma assisted detonation initiation by alternating current dielectric barrier discharge, a loosely coupled method is used to simulate the detonation initiation process of a hydrogenoxygen mixture in a detonation tube at different actuating frequencies. Both the discharge products and the detonation forming process which is assisted by the plasma are analyzed. It is found that the patterns of the temporal and spatial distributions of discharge products in one cycle are not changed by the actuating frequency. However, the concentration of every species decreases as the actuating frequency rises, and atom O is the most sensitive to this variation, which is related to the decrease of discharge power. With respect to the reaction flow of the detonation tube, the deflagration-todetonation transition（DDT） time and distance both increase as the actuating frequency rises, but the degree of effect on DDT development during flow field evolution is erratic. Generally, the actuating frequency affects none of the amplitude value of the pressure, temperature, species concentration of the flow field, and the combustion degree within the reaction zone.
基金Project (50871084) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject (2009AA032601) supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘Fe3Al alloys with nearly full density were fabricated by plasma activated sintering（PAS） and hot pressing（HP） from mechanical alloyed Fe-28%Al（mole fraction） powders,respectively.It is found that A2-type Fe3Al alloys were obtained by PAS,and they had a heterogeneous grain size distribution,most areas had a grain size smaller than 500 nm,and other areas had a grain size of about 1 μm.Different to PAS,D03-type Fe3Al alloys with a grain size of of 1-2 μm were obtained by HP.The compression testing results show that yield strength values of Fe3Al alloys fabricated by PAS and HP are almost equal at an elevated temperature,and the compression yield strength was about 100 MPa for all at 800 ℃.The room temperature compression ductility of Fe3Al alloys by PAS was about 20%,which was superior to that of Fe3Al alloys prepared by HP and casting.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51975151)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2017M610207)the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.LH2019E041)。
文摘Silicon and glass are two of the most ideal materials for micro/nanofluidic devices,which have been widely used for research in multidisciplinary fields.However,many micro/nanofluidic devices enable only single use due to the irreversible bonding between Si/glass or glass/glass chips.If the silicon-and glass-based devices are fabricated to be detachable,the substrates can be reused and bonded again without repeating expensive micro/nanofabrication processes.Herein,we present a recycled direct bonding method for Si/glass and glass/glass chips based on oxygen plasma activation and low-temperature annealing processes.Strong bonding strength and void-free bonding interface are obtained after annealing at 150℃.The surfaces and the bonding interfaces are characterized to elucidate the bonding mechanisms.Moreover,immersion tests are carried out to investigate the interfacial corrosion resistance in various chemical and biological solutions as well as explore a detachable method.The bonding strengths are controlled to meet the demand for micro/nanofluidic devices and the bonding interfaces can be separated in ethanol.As a result,we succeed in the experiment of bonding and detaching of glass substrates without fracturing,which is repeated for three times.
文摘Objective. To observe the clinical efficacy and mechanism of Zhuyu Tongfu （逐瘀通腑, ZYTF） Serial Recipe combined with acupuncture and massotherapy in treating hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage （HCH）. Methods： One hundred and eighteen patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, on the basis of conventional Western medicine treatment, were randomly divided into ZYTF combined with acupuncture and massotherapy group （treated group） and simple Western medicine group （control group） ; the clinical efficacy, neurofunction deficit scoring （NDS） alterations and hematoma absorption rate of both groups were observed, and also the plasma superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, plasma lipid peroxidase （LPO） content, erythrocyte glutathion peroxidase （GSH-Px） activity, hematocrit （Ht） and the whole blood viscosity （Va） change were also observed. Results： In the treated group, the clinical efficacy, NDS improvement and hematoma absorption rate were superior to that of the control group; comparison between the two groups after treatment showed that plasma SOD activity and GSH-Px activity got more elevated and plasma LPO content, Ht and Va more lowered in the the treated group than those in the control group. Cenclusien： ZYTF combined with acupuncture and massotherapy has better effect, its therapeutic mechanism was possibly correlated to the elevation of plasma SOD activity, GSH-Px activity and lowering of plasma LPO content, Ht and Va.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51872217,51972246)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(Nos.2021B0301030001)。
文摘AlN ceramics were prepared by plasma activation sintering(PAS)with compound additives yttrium acetylacetonate(Y(acac)_(3))and melamine(C_(3)H_(6)N_(6)).The effects of compound additives on the microstructure,density,and thermal properties of Al N ceramic were studied.Y(acac)3and C_(3)H_(6)N_(6)can form Y_(2)O_(3),residual organic carbon and reducing gas during the heating process,which improves the Al N sintering performance at a temperature of 1700℃and the bulk thermal conductivity.When the content of Y(acac)_(3)is 10 wt%and C_(3)H_(6)N_(6)is 3 wt%,the thermal conductivity of Al N ceramics is 105.6 W/(m·K),which is much higher than that of Al N ceramics with Y_(2)O_(3)under the same sintering conditions.This work provides theoretical reference for the preparation of high-performance Al N ceramic.
