AIM To investigate the association between carotid atherosclerosis and cystatin C(CysC) and to determine the optimal CysC cut-off value.METHODS One hundred twenty-eight subjects were included in this study. Atheroscle...AIM To investigate the association between carotid atherosclerosis and cystatin C(CysC) and to determine the optimal CysC cut-off value.METHODS One hundred twenty-eight subjects were included in this study. Atherosclerosis was defined as a maximum carotid plaque thickness(MCPT) of greater than 2 mm. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic value of serum CysC for atherosclerosis. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the CysC cut-off value. We screenedfor diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and exercise behavior. The association between atherosclerosis and CysC levels was assessed using multivariate analysis.RESULTS The subjects were then divided into two groups according to the CysC cut-off value(0.73 mg/L). The median age of the high CysC group was 72 years(85% males), whereas that of the low CysC group was 61 years(63% males). The CysC levels were significantly correlated with Cr and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) values. Bodymass index, visceral fat area, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and MCPT were significantly higher in the high CysC group than in the low CysC group. Furthermore, the eG FR was significantly lower in the high CysC group. Regarding lifestyle habits, only the exercise level was lower in the high CysC group than in the low CysC group. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and sex, revealed that high CysC levels were significantly associated with an MCPT of ≥ 2 mm(odds ratio: 2.92; 95%CI: 1.13-7.99).CONCLUSION Higher CysC levels were associated with an MCPT of ≥ 2 mm. The CysC cut-off value of 0.73 mg/L appears to aid in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis.展开更多
Objective:As a vascular risk factor,carotid atherosclerosis is crucial to cognitive impairment.While carotid intima-media thickness,carotid artery plaque,and carotid stenosis can reflect carotid atherosclerosis in dif...Objective:As a vascular risk factor,carotid atherosclerosis is crucial to cognitive impairment.While carotid intima-media thickness,carotid artery plaque,and carotid stenosis can reflect carotid atherosclerosis in different stages,this review aimed to explore researches on the role of carotid intima-media thickness,carotid artery plaque,and carotid stenosis in the progress of cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients and tried to illustrate the possible mechanisms.Data Sources:We searched the PubMed database for recently published research articles up to July 2017,with the key words of"carotid atherosclerosis,""carotid intima-media thickness,""carotid plaque,""carotid stenosis,""nonstroke,"and"cognitive impairment."Study Selection:Articles were obtained and reviewed to analyze the role of carotid atherosclerosis such as carotid intima-thickness,carotid plaque,and carotid stenosis in the progress of cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients and the possible mechanisms.Results:In recent years,most studies proved that by evaluating carotid atherosclerosis with ultrasonography,carotid atherosclerosis accounts for the development of cognitive decline in nonstroke patients.Carotid atherosclerosis not only impairs the subtle general cognitive function but also decreases the specific domains of cognitive function,such as memory,motor function,visual perception,attention,and executive function.But,it is still controversial.The possible mechanisms of cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients with carotid atherosclerosis can be classified as systemic global cerebrovascular function,small-vessel diseases,and the mixed lesions.Conclusions:Carotid atherosclerosis can be used to predict the risk of cognitive impairment.Furthermore,diagnosing and treating carotid atherosclerosis at early stage might help clinicians prevent and treat vascular cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients.展开更多
文摘AIM To investigate the association between carotid atherosclerosis and cystatin C(CysC) and to determine the optimal CysC cut-off value.METHODS One hundred twenty-eight subjects were included in this study. Atherosclerosis was defined as a maximum carotid plaque thickness(MCPT) of greater than 2 mm. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the diagnostic value of serum CysC for atherosclerosis. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the CysC cut-off value. We screenedfor diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and exercise behavior. The association between atherosclerosis and CysC levels was assessed using multivariate analysis.RESULTS The subjects were then divided into two groups according to the CysC cut-off value(0.73 mg/L). The median age of the high CysC group was 72 years(85% males), whereas that of the low CysC group was 61 years(63% males). The CysC levels were significantly correlated with Cr and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR) values. Bodymass index, visceral fat area, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and MCPT were significantly higher in the high CysC group than in the low CysC group. Furthermore, the eG FR was significantly lower in the high CysC group. Regarding lifestyle habits, only the exercise level was lower in the high CysC group than in the low CysC group. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and sex, revealed that high CysC levels were significantly associated with an MCPT of ≥ 2 mm(odds ratio: 2.92; 95%CI: 1.13-7.99).CONCLUSION Higher CysC levels were associated with an MCPT of ≥ 2 mm. The CysC cut-off value of 0.73 mg/L appears to aid in the diagnosis of atherosclerosis.
基金supported by grants from the Science&Technology Pillar Program of Hebei Province,China(No.14277787D)the Science&Technology Plan Programof Hebei Province,China(No.16397795D).
文摘Objective:As a vascular risk factor,carotid atherosclerosis is crucial to cognitive impairment.While carotid intima-media thickness,carotid artery plaque,and carotid stenosis can reflect carotid atherosclerosis in different stages,this review aimed to explore researches on the role of carotid intima-media thickness,carotid artery plaque,and carotid stenosis in the progress of cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients and tried to illustrate the possible mechanisms.Data Sources:We searched the PubMed database for recently published research articles up to July 2017,with the key words of"carotid atherosclerosis,""carotid intima-media thickness,""carotid plaque,""carotid stenosis,""nonstroke,"and"cognitive impairment."Study Selection:Articles were obtained and reviewed to analyze the role of carotid atherosclerosis such as carotid intima-thickness,carotid plaque,and carotid stenosis in the progress of cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients and the possible mechanisms.Results:In recent years,most studies proved that by evaluating carotid atherosclerosis with ultrasonography,carotid atherosclerosis accounts for the development of cognitive decline in nonstroke patients.Carotid atherosclerosis not only impairs the subtle general cognitive function but also decreases the specific domains of cognitive function,such as memory,motor function,visual perception,attention,and executive function.But,it is still controversial.The possible mechanisms of cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients with carotid atherosclerosis can be classified as systemic global cerebrovascular function,small-vessel diseases,and the mixed lesions.Conclusions:Carotid atherosclerosis can be used to predict the risk of cognitive impairment.Furthermore,diagnosing and treating carotid atherosclerosis at early stage might help clinicians prevent and treat vascular cognitive impairment in nonstroke patients.
