During the current interglacial period,conditions on Earth,the homeland of humankind,fostered the emergence of large-scale human cooperation,the unique phenomenon that we call civilization.Since then,humans everywhere...During the current interglacial period,conditions on Earth,the homeland of humankind,fostered the emergence of large-scale human cooperation,the unique phenomenon that we call civilization.Since then,humans everywhere on Earth,standing under the vast starlit sky,have thought about and explored our展开更多
Large-volume presses(LVPs)are widely utilized in diverse research fields—including high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials science,and Earth and planetary sciences—to investigate the physical and chemical properti...Large-volume presses(LVPs)are widely utilized in diverse research fields—including high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials science,and Earth and planetary sciences—to investigate the physical and chemical properties of materials under extreme high-pressure and hightemperature conditions.A prerequisite for achieving reproducible property measurements is the determination and control of pressure within experimental setups.However,the lack of precise pressure calibration in LVPs hinders the broader application of such devices in ultrahigh-pressure studies.This study employs a suite of standard phase transition-based pressure markers—comprising metallic conductors,semiconductors,and minerals—through both in situ and ex situ identification approaches,to establish pressure calibration curves ranging from 0.4 to>30 GPa for various types of LVP installed at the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research(HPSTAR),Beijing,including piston–cylinder,cubic,and multi-anvil presses.The results provide a unified and traceable pressure reference for highpressure experiments conducted at HPSTAR,while also offering technical guidance and calibration standards for other researchers utilizing similar LVP systems,thereby enabling more consistent comparison between different laboratories.This work facilitates the advancement of LVP research toward broader applications in higher-pressure regimes.展开更多
On June 3,Scopus,a database owned by Elsevier,released CiteScore 2024 metrics for academic journal evaluation.Both the Chinese and English editions of Petroleum Exploration and Development achieved record highs in the...On June 3,Scopus,a database owned by Elsevier,released CiteScore 2024 metrics for academic journal evaluation.Both the Chinese and English editions of Petroleum Exploration and Development achieved record highs in the past year,ranking among the top in various categories.The CiteScore of the Chinese edition increased to 9.9 in 2024 from 8.4 in 2023,ranking 13th out of 330 journals in the Earth and Planetary Sciences:Geology category and 2lst out of 239 journals in the Earth and Planetary Sciences:Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology category.展开更多
1AIM AND SCOPE Geoscience Frontiers(GSF)publishes peer reviewed research articles and reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.
1AIM AND SCOPE Geoscience Frontiers(GSF)publishes peer reviewed research articles and reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF bridges innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and...1AIM AND SCOPE Geoscience Frontiers(GSF)publishes peer reviewed research articles and reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF bridges innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and models related to various fields of research including petrology and geochemistry in understanding lithospheric architecture and mantle dynamics,global tectonics,economic geology and fuel exploration,geophysics,stratigraphy and paleontology with insights on correlations and evolution,environmental and engineering geology,astrogeology,nexus of resources-energy-emissions-climate under Sustainable Development Goals,among other themes.展开更多
1AIMANDSCOPE Geoscience Frontiers(GSF)publishes peer reviewed research articles and reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF bridges innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and m...1AIMANDSCOPE Geoscience Frontiers(GSF)publishes peer reviewed research articles and reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF bridges innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and models related to various fields of research including petrology and geochemistry in understanding lithospheric architecture and mantle dynamics,global tectonics,economic geology and fuel exploration,geophysics,stratigraphy and paleontology with insights on correlations and evolution,environmental and engineering geology,astrogeology,nexus of resources-energy-emissions-climate under Sustainable Development Goals,among other themes.展开更多
The TMT Detailed Science Case describes the transformational science that the Thirty Meter Telescope will enable. Planned to begin science operations in 2024, TMT will open up opportunities for revolutionary discoveri...The TMT Detailed Science Case describes the transformational science that the Thirty Meter Telescope will enable. Planned to begin science operations in 2024, TMT will open up opportunities for revolutionary discoveries in essen- tially every field of astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology, seeing much fainter objects much more clearly than existing telescopes. Per this capability, TMT＇s sci- ence agenda fills all of space and time, from nearby comets and asteroids, to exo- planets, to the most distant galaxies, and all the way back to the very first sources of light in the universe. More than 150 astronomers from within the TMT partner- ship and beyond offered input in compiling the new 2015 Detailed Science Case. The contributing astronomers represent the entire TMT partnership, including the California Institute of Technology （Caltech）, the Indian Institute of Astrophysics （HA）, the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （NAOC）, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan （NAOJ）, the University of California, the Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy （ACURA） and US associate partner, the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy （AURA）.展开更多
This paper presents an assessment of earth and planetary scientific research in the world in the fifteen years period from 1996 through 2012 and in 2013.The total number of publications in that period was about 4.7%of...This paper presents an assessment of earth and planetary scientific research in the world in the fifteen years period from 1996 through 2012 and in 2013.The total number of publications in that period was about 4.7%of total world scientific output.The top 10 countries in 2012 and in 2013 accounted for 67.6%and 66.7%of world publications in earth and planetary sciences.展开更多
A short article published recently in Episodes(Holden,N.E.,Bonardi,M.L.,De Bièvre,P.,Renne,P.R.,and Villa,I.M.,2011.IUGS common definition and convention on the use of the year as a derived unit of time(IUPAC-IUG...A short article published recently in Episodes(Holden,N.E.,Bonardi,M.L.,De Bièvre,P.,Renne,P.R.,and Villa,I.M.,2011.IUGS common definition and convention on the use of the year as a derived unit of time(IUPAC-IUGS Recommendations 2011):Episodes,v.34,No.1,pp.39-40)sets out to rationalize the definition and symbols for units of time for use in the Earth and planetary sciences and nuclear chemistry.Given that the authors constitute a task group established jointly by the International Union of Geological Sciences(IUGS)and the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC),and that publication was approved by both bodies,one might reasonably assume that the recommendations reflect a workable consensus.Regrettably,they don’t(Christie-Blick,Geological time conventions and symbols:GSA Today,submitted June 10,2011).展开更多
Global sea level has today become widely understood merely in terms of glacial eustasy and thermal expansion. Although this is good in theory, it is not enough to explain observational facts in nature. We know that th...Global sea level has today become widely understood merely in terms of glacial eustasy and thermal expansion. Although this is good in theory, it is not enough to explain observational facts in nature. We know that the 17th century was characterized by cold climate, Little Ice Age conditions, and low solar activity during the Maunder Grand Solar Minimum. In contrast, the 18th century was characterized by warm climate conditions and a Grand Solar Maximum (with the Polar front located north of Svalbard). In terms of glacial eustasy, one would expect to find a low sea level in the 17th century and a high sea level in the 18th century. This is not the case in the equatorial regions, however. In the Indian Ocean and the Pacific, there was a 60 - 70 cm higher sea level in the 17th century, and a sea level well below the present one in the 18th century. This can only be understood in terms of “rotational eustasy”. This is a novel concept, here for the first time addressed with respect to physical interpretation. It is shown that planetary beat affects Earth’s rate of rotation and that this leads to oscillations of the equatorial water bulge with amplitudes of up to ±70 cm.展开更多
1AIM AND SCOPE Geoscience Frontiers(GSF)publishes peer reviewed research articles and reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF bridges innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and...1AIM AND SCOPE Geoscience Frontiers(GSF)publishes peer reviewed research articles and reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF bridges innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and models related to various fields of research including petrology and geochemistry in understanding lithospheric architecture and mantle dynamics,global tectonics,economic geology and fuel exploration,geophysics,stratigraphy and paleontology with insights on correlations and evolution,environmental and engineering geology,astrogeology nexus of resources-energy-emissions-climate under Sustainable Development Goals,among other themes.展开更多
The units of time(both absolute time and duration)most practical to use when dealing with very long times,e.g.in Nuclear Chemistry and Earth and Planetary Sciences,are multiples of the year,or annus(a).Its proposed de...The units of time(both absolute time and duration)most practical to use when dealing with very long times,e.g.in Nuclear Chemistry and Earth and Planetary Sciences,are multiples of the year,or annus(a).Its proposed definition in terms of the SI base unit for time,the second(s),for the epoch 2000.0 is 1 a=3.1556925445 x 10^(7)s.Adoption of this definition,and abandonment of the use of distinct units for time differences,will bring the Earth and Planetary Sciences into compliance with quantity calculus for SI and non-SI units of time.展开更多
文摘During the current interglacial period,conditions on Earth,the homeland of humankind,fostered the emergence of large-scale human cooperation,the unique phenomenon that we call civilization.Since then,humans everywhere on Earth,standing under the vast starlit sky,have thought about and explored our
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1530402 and U1930401).
文摘Large-volume presses(LVPs)are widely utilized in diverse research fields—including high-pressure physics,chemistry,materials science,and Earth and planetary sciences—to investigate the physical and chemical properties of materials under extreme high-pressure and hightemperature conditions.A prerequisite for achieving reproducible property measurements is the determination and control of pressure within experimental setups.However,the lack of precise pressure calibration in LVPs hinders the broader application of such devices in ultrahigh-pressure studies.This study employs a suite of standard phase transition-based pressure markers—comprising metallic conductors,semiconductors,and minerals—through both in situ and ex situ identification approaches,to establish pressure calibration curves ranging from 0.4 to>30 GPa for various types of LVP installed at the Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research(HPSTAR),Beijing,including piston–cylinder,cubic,and multi-anvil presses.The results provide a unified and traceable pressure reference for highpressure experiments conducted at HPSTAR,while also offering technical guidance and calibration standards for other researchers utilizing similar LVP systems,thereby enabling more consistent comparison between different laboratories.This work facilitates the advancement of LVP research toward broader applications in higher-pressure regimes.
文摘On June 3,Scopus,a database owned by Elsevier,released CiteScore 2024 metrics for academic journal evaluation.Both the Chinese and English editions of Petroleum Exploration and Development achieved record highs in the past year,ranking among the top in various categories.The CiteScore of the Chinese edition increased to 9.9 in 2024 from 8.4 in 2023,ranking 13th out of 330 journals in the Earth and Planetary Sciences:Geology category and 2lst out of 239 journals in the Earth and Planetary Sciences:Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology category.
文摘1AIM AND SCOPE Geoscience Frontiers(GSF)publishes peer reviewed research articles and reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.
文摘1AIM AND SCOPE Geoscience Frontiers(GSF)publishes peer reviewed research articles and reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF bridges innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and models related to various fields of research including petrology and geochemistry in understanding lithospheric architecture and mantle dynamics,global tectonics,economic geology and fuel exploration,geophysics,stratigraphy and paleontology with insights on correlations and evolution,environmental and engineering geology,astrogeology,nexus of resources-energy-emissions-climate under Sustainable Development Goals,among other themes.
文摘1AIMANDSCOPE Geoscience Frontiers(GSF)publishes peer reviewed research articles and reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF bridges innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and models related to various fields of research including petrology and geochemistry in understanding lithospheric architecture and mantle dynamics,global tectonics,economic geology and fuel exploration,geophysics,stratigraphy and paleontology with insights on correlations and evolution,environmental and engineering geology,astrogeology,nexus of resources-energy-emissions-climate under Sustainable Development Goals,among other themes.
文摘The TMT Detailed Science Case describes the transformational science that the Thirty Meter Telescope will enable. Planned to begin science operations in 2024, TMT will open up opportunities for revolutionary discoveries in essen- tially every field of astronomy, astrophysics and cosmology, seeing much fainter objects much more clearly than existing telescopes. Per this capability, TMT＇s sci- ence agenda fills all of space and time, from nearby comets and asteroids, to exo- planets, to the most distant galaxies, and all the way back to the very first sources of light in the universe. More than 150 astronomers from within the TMT partner- ship and beyond offered input in compiling the new 2015 Detailed Science Case. The contributing astronomers represent the entire TMT partnership, including the California Institute of Technology （Caltech）, the Indian Institute of Astrophysics （HA）, the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences （NAOC）, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan （NAOJ）, the University of California, the Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy （ACURA） and US associate partner, the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy （AURA）.
文摘This paper presents an assessment of earth and planetary scientific research in the world in the fifteen years period from 1996 through 2012 and in 2013.The total number of publications in that period was about 4.7%of total world scientific output.The top 10 countries in 2012 and in 2013 accounted for 67.6%and 66.7%of world publications in earth and planetary sciences.
文摘A short article published recently in Episodes(Holden,N.E.,Bonardi,M.L.,De Bièvre,P.,Renne,P.R.,and Villa,I.M.,2011.IUGS common definition and convention on the use of the year as a derived unit of time(IUPAC-IUGS Recommendations 2011):Episodes,v.34,No.1,pp.39-40)sets out to rationalize the definition and symbols for units of time for use in the Earth and planetary sciences and nuclear chemistry.Given that the authors constitute a task group established jointly by the International Union of Geological Sciences(IUGS)and the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC),and that publication was approved by both bodies,one might reasonably assume that the recommendations reflect a workable consensus.Regrettably,they don’t(Christie-Blick,Geological time conventions and symbols:GSA Today,submitted June 10,2011).
文摘Global sea level has today become widely understood merely in terms of glacial eustasy and thermal expansion. Although this is good in theory, it is not enough to explain observational facts in nature. We know that the 17th century was characterized by cold climate, Little Ice Age conditions, and low solar activity during the Maunder Grand Solar Minimum. In contrast, the 18th century was characterized by warm climate conditions and a Grand Solar Maximum (with the Polar front located north of Svalbard). In terms of glacial eustasy, one would expect to find a low sea level in the 17th century and a high sea level in the 18th century. This is not the case in the equatorial regions, however. In the Indian Ocean and the Pacific, there was a 60 - 70 cm higher sea level in the 17th century, and a sea level well below the present one in the 18th century. This can only be understood in terms of “rotational eustasy”. This is a novel concept, here for the first time addressed with respect to physical interpretation. It is shown that planetary beat affects Earth’s rate of rotation and that this leads to oscillations of the equatorial water bulge with amplitudes of up to ±70 cm.
文摘1AIM AND SCOPE Geoscience Frontiers(GSF)publishes peer reviewed research articles and reviews in interdisciplinary fields of Earth and Planetary Sciences.GSF bridges innovative,provocative and challenging concepts and models related to various fields of research including petrology and geochemistry in understanding lithospheric architecture and mantle dynamics,global tectonics,economic geology and fuel exploration,geophysics,stratigraphy and paleontology with insights on correlations and evolution,environmental and engineering geology,astrogeology nexus of resources-energy-emissions-climate under Sustainable Development Goals,among other themes.
文摘The units of time(both absolute time and duration)most practical to use when dealing with very long times,e.g.in Nuclear Chemistry and Earth and Planetary Sciences,are multiples of the year,or annus(a).Its proposed definition in terms of the SI base unit for time,the second(s),for the epoch 2000.0 is 1 a=3.1556925445 x 10^(7)s.Adoption of this definition,and abandonment of the use of distinct units for time differences,will bring the Earth and Planetary Sciences into compliance with quantity calculus for SI and non-SI units of time.
