The Cooling-Storage-Ring External-target Experiment(CEE)at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL)is designed to study the properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies from a...The Cooling-Storage-Ring External-target Experiment(CEE)at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL)is designed to study the properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies from a few hundred MeV/u up to 1 GeV/u.It aims to facilitate research on the quantum chromodynamics(QCD)phase structure in the high-baryondensity region.Collective flow is a fundamental observable in heavy-ion collision experiments,providing information on the bulk properties of the produced matter.Although the standard event plane method has been widely used to measure collective flow,it is still important to validate and optimize this method for the CEE spectrometer.In this paper,we study the experimental procedures for measuring directed flow in^(238)U+^(238)U collisions at 500 MeV/u,using event planes reconstructed by Multi-Wire Drift Chamber and Zero Degree Calorimeter,respectively.Jet AA Microscopic(JAM)transport generator is used to generate events,and the detector response is simulated by the CEE Fast Simulation(CFS)package.Finally,the optimal kinematic region for proton directed flow measurements is discussed for the future CEE experiment.展开更多
The issue of resistance reduction through hull ventilation is of particular interest in contemporary research.This paper presents multiphase computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations with 2-DOF motion of a planing ...The issue of resistance reduction through hull ventilation is of particular interest in contemporary research.This paper presents multiphase computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations with 2-DOF motion of a planing hull.The original hull was modified by introducing a step to allow air ventilation.Following an assessment of the hull performance,a simulation campaign in calm water was conducted to characterize the hull at various forward speeds and air insufflation rates for a defined single step geometry.Geometric analysis of the air layer thickness beneath the hull for each simulated condition was performed using a novel method for visualizing local air thickness.Additionally,two new parameters were introduced to understand the influence of spray rails on the air volume beneath the hull and to indicate the primary direction of ventilated air escape.A validation campaign and an assessment of uncertainty of the simulation has been conducted.The features offered by the CFD methodology include the evaluation of the air layer thickness as a function of hull velocity and injection flow rate and the air volume distribution beneath the hull.The air injection velocity can be adjusted across various operating conditions,thereby preventing performance or efficiency loss during navigation.Based on these findings,the study highlights the benefits of air insufflation in reducing hull resistance for high-speed planing vessels.This work lays a robust foundation for future research and new promising topics,as the exploration of air insufflation continues to be a topic of contemporary interest within naval architecture and hydrodynamics.展开更多
The rapid growth of distributed data-centric applications and AI workloads increases demand for low-latency,high-throughput communication,necessitating frequent and flexible updates to network routing configurations.H...The rapid growth of distributed data-centric applications and AI workloads increases demand for low-latency,high-throughput communication,necessitating frequent and flexible updates to network routing configurations.However,maintaining consistent forwarding states during these updates is challenging,particularly when rerouting multiple flows simultaneously.Existing approaches pay little attention to multi-flow update,where improper update sequences across data plane nodes may construct deadlock dependencies.Moreover,these methods typically involve excessive control-data plane interactions,incurring significant resource overhead and performance degradation.This paper presents P4LoF,an efficient loop-free update approach that enables the controller to reroute multiple flows through minimal interactions.P4LoF first utilizes a greedy-based algorithm to generate the shortest update dependency chain for the single-flow update.These chains are then dynamically merged into a dependency graph and resolved as a Shortest Common Super-sequence(SCS)problem to produce the update sequence of multi-flow update.To address deadlock dependencies in multi-flow updates,P4LoF builds a deadlock-fix forwarding model that leverages the flexible packet processing capabilities of the programmable data plane.Experimental results show that P4LoF reduces control-data plane interactions by at least 32.6%with modest overhead,while effectively guaranteeing loop-free consistency.展开更多
With the continuous development of the offshore wind industry,the design concept of composite foundation has been given attention in the past decade.This paper presents an accurate method for investigating the horizon...With the continuous development of the offshore wind industry,the design concept of composite foundation has been given attention in the past decade.This paper presents an accurate method for investigating the horizontal vibration of monopile-friction wheel composite foundations in layered saturated soil.Firstly,the three-dimensional continuum mechanics theory with the range of linear elasticity is introduced to calculate the frictional resistance distributed on the upper soil surface.Then,the resistances of multilayered soils and inviscid seawater to the pile shaft under horizontal harmonic excitation are obtained using Novak's plane strain model,Biot's porous media theory and radiationwave theory.Thirdly,the expressions for the deformation,bending moment and internal force of the Euler-Bernoulli pile are derived using the boundary conditions with definitephysical meaning and transfer matrix method.By comparing with the results of 1g laboratory test and the idealized formula reported by the literature,the rationality and accuracy of the developed dynamical model can be verified.Finally,this paper conducts a series of worked examples to investigate the influencesof the elastic modulus and thickness of three-layer saturated soil and the location of interlayer soil on the horizontal dynamic vibration of composite foundation.The results show that an increase in elastic modulus of the surface soil is an effective way to improve the dynamic stability of the composite foundation in service conditions.The conclusions drawn from the numerical examples can develop some guidelines for the current foundation design of offshore wind turbines.展开更多
BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affectin...BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affecting the alignment,such as ankle joint alignment,should be considered.AIM To determine CPAK distribution in the North African(Egyptian)population with knee osteoarthritis and to assess ankle joint line orientation(AJLO)adaptations across different CPAK types.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with primary knee osteoarthritis and normal ankle joints.Radiographic parameters included the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle,medial proximal tibial angle,and the derived calculations of joint line obliquity(JLO)and arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle(aHKA).The tibial plafond horizontal angle(TPHA)was used for AJLO assessment,where 0°is neutral(type N),<0°is varus(type A),and>0°is valgus(type B).The nine CPAK types were further divided into 27 subtypes after incorporating the three AJLO types.RESULTS A total of 527 patients(1054 knees)were included for CPAK classification,and 435 patients(870 knees and ankles)for AJLO assessment.The mean age was 57.2±7.8 years,with 79.5%females.Most knees(76.4%)demonstrated varus alignment(mean aHKA was-5.51°±4.84°)and apex distal JLO(55.3%)(mean JLO was 176.43°±4.53°).CPAK types I(44.3%),IV(28.6%),and II(10%)were the most common.Regarding AJLO,70.2%of ankles exhibited varus orientation(mean TPHA was-5.21°±6.45°).The most frequent combined subtypes were CPAK type I-A(33.7%),IV-A(21.5%),and I-N(6.9%).A significant positive correlation was found between the TPHA and aHKA(r=0.40,P<0.001).CONCLUSION In this North African cohort,varus knee alignment with apex distal JLO and varus AJLO predominated.CPAK types I,IV,and II were the most common types,while subtypes I-A,IV-A,and I-N were commonly occurring after incorporating AJLO types;furthermore,the AJLO was significantly correlated to aHKA.展开更多
Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages.However,the growth of dendrites on the anode and the occurrence of side reactions limits the improvement of electroch...Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages.However,the growth of dendrites on the anode and the occurrence of side reactions limits the improvement of electrochemical performance of AZIBs.The alloying of zinc anode effectively alleviates above problems,which is beneficial to the long-term cycle performance of AZIBs.In this study,zinc-copper alloy anode(Cu@Zn)was synthesized by melting method.The method is not only simple and easy to operate,but also can make the synthesized anode Cu element uniform distribution and improve the corrosion resistance of the anode.At the same time,the Cu@Zn surface reconstructed has a large proportion of Zn(002)crystal surface exposure,with the zinc affinity of Cu.Both of them can induce the uniform deposition of Zn2+ions along the Zn(002)crystal plane,further inhibiting the growth of dendrite.The Cu@Zn//Cu@Zn symmetrical batteries can cycle more than 1000 times at current densities of 0.3 and 1.2 mA cm^(-2),and maintain a relatively low hysteresis voltage.And the discharge capacity retention rate of Cu@Zn//MnO_(2)maintains 84.64%at 2.0 A g^(-1)after 1000 cycles.This study provides a new methodological reference for the development of advanced AZIBs anodes.展开更多
A series of true triaxial unloading tests are conducted on sandstone specimens with a single structural plane to investigate their mechanical behaviors and failure characteristics under different in situ stress states...A series of true triaxial unloading tests are conducted on sandstone specimens with a single structural plane to investigate their mechanical behaviors and failure characteristics under different in situ stress states.The experimental results indicate that the dip angle of structural plane(θ)and the intermediate principal stress(σ2)have an important influence on the peak strength,cracking mode,and rockburst severity.The peak strength exhibits a first increase and then decrease as a function ofσ2 for a constantθ.However,whenσ2 is constant,the maximum peak strength is obtained atθof 90°,and the minimum peak strength is obtained atθof 30°or 45°.For the case of an inclined structural plane,the crack type at the tips of structural plane transforms from a mix of wing and anti-wing cracks to wing cracks with an increase inσ2,while the crack type around the tips of structural plane is always anti-wing cracks for the vertical structural plane,accompanied by a series of tensile cracks besides.The specimens with structural plane do not undergo slabbing failure regardless ofθ,and always exhibit composite tensile-shear failure whatever theσ2 value is.With an increase inσ2 andθ,the intensity of the rockburst is consistent with the tendency of the peak strength.By analyzing the relationship between the cohesion(c),internal friction angle(φ),andθin sandstone specimens,we incorporateθinto the true triaxial unloading strength criterion,and propose a modified linear Mogi-Coulomb criterion.Moreover,the crack propagation mechanism at the tips of structural plane,and closure degree of the structural plane under true triaxial unloading conditions are also discussed and summarized.This study provides theoretical guidance for stability assessment of surrounding rocks containing geological structures in deep complex stress environments.展开更多
The catalytic oxidation of HMF involves a cascading reaction with multiple intermediate products,making it crucial to enhance the oriented adsorption capacity of specific functional groups for accelerating the entire ...The catalytic oxidation of HMF involves a cascading reaction with multiple intermediate products,making it crucial to enhance the oriented adsorption capacity of specific functional groups for accelerating the entire process.To achieve the efficient selective oxidation of HMF to FDCA,a series of NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalysts with different morphologies,such as flaky,echinoids,pompon and corolla,were prepared and characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,BET,XPS,and FTIR.Among the four catalysts,flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)exhibited the most excellent catalytic activity and stability,with a FDCA yield of 60.1%within 12 h at 80℃without alkali participation.The excellent performance of flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalyst is attributed to the oxygen vacancies and acid sites generated by the exposed(400)facets.The oxygen vacancies and acid sites on the catalyst surface can precisely adsorb-CHO and-CH_(2)-OH of HMF,respectively,and this synergistic effect promotes the efficient production of FDCA.This work is of great significance for fundamentally study the effect of micro-topography or crystal-plane reaction properties on surfaces.展开更多
Three-dimensional printing(3DP)offers valuable insight into the characterization of natural rocks and the verification of theoretical models due to its high reproducibility and accurate replication of complex defects ...Three-dimensional printing(3DP)offers valuable insight into the characterization of natural rocks and the verification of theoretical models due to its high reproducibility and accurate replication of complex defects such as cracks and pores.In this study,3DP gypsum samples with different printing directions were subjected to a series of uniaxial compression tests with in situ micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)scanning to quantitatively investigate their mechanical anisotropic properties and damage evolution characteristics.Based on the two-dimensional(2D)CT images obtained at different scanning steps,a novel void ratio variable was derived using the mean value and variance of CT intensity.Additionally,a constitutive model was formulated incorporating the proposed damage variable,utilizing the void ratio variable.The crack evolution and crack morphology of 3DP gypsum samples were obtained and analyzed using the 3D models reconstructed from the CT images.The results indicate that 3DP gypsum samples exhibit mechanical anisotropic characteristics similar to those found in naturally sedimentary rocks.The mechanical anisotropy is attributed to the bedding planes formed between adjacent layers and pillar-like structures along the printing direction formed by CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O crystals of needle-like morphology.The mean gray intensity of the voids has a positive linear relationship with the threshold value,while the CT variance and void ratio have concave and convex relationships,respectively.The constitutive model can effectively match the stress–strain curves obtained from uniaxial compression experiments.This study provides comprehensive explanations of the failure modes and anisotropic mechanisms of 3DP gypsum samples,which is important for characterizing and understanding the failure mechanism and microstructural evolution of 3DP rocks when modeling natural rock behavior.展开更多
AT No.1 Xiaofenqiao,Guangzhou Road,Nanjing,a grey-brick Western-style villa stands quietly in the green shade of dense plane trees.When the breeze stirs the leaves,they rustle as if whispering old stories.The two-stor...AT No.1 Xiaofenqiao,Guangzhou Road,Nanjing,a grey-brick Western-style villa stands quietly in the green shade of dense plane trees.When the breeze stirs the leaves,they rustle as if whispering old stories.The two-story house was the former residence of John Rabe(1882-1950),representative of German Siemens China Co.in Nanjing.展开更多
The design of customized crystal plane heterojunction can effectively leverage the optimal anisotropic interaction of crystal plane,thereby enhancing photocatalytic activity.In this study,Co_(3)O_(4) exposed(111),(110...The design of customized crystal plane heterojunction can effectively leverage the optimal anisotropic interaction of crystal plane,thereby enhancing photocatalytic activity.In this study,Co_(3)O_(4) exposed(111),(110),and(100)crystal planes(designated as HCO,NCO,and CCO,respectively)were synthesized and successfully coupled with Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S(CZS).Among these composites,the HCO/CZS exhibited best hydrogen evolution activity.In conjunction with DFT calculations and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy,it has been found that:the crystal plane interaction between HCO and CZS enabled the composite catalyst to exhibit optimal anisotropy in crystal plane carrier transport,crystal plane active sites,and crystal plane electronic structure.This interaction induces a redistribution of electrons at their contact interface,thereby establishing a built-in electric field that facilitates the formation of ohmic heterojunction between HCO and CZS.The synergistic effect of the ohmic heterojunction and crystal plane anisotropy not only decreases the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption but also facilitates the efficient spatial separation and rapid transfer of electron-hole pairs.This study offers valuable insights into the customization of crystal plane heterojunctions,aiming to maximize anisotropic interactions between crystal planes in order to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.展开更多
The prediction of the fracture plane orientation in fatigue is a scientific topic and remains relevant for every type of material. However, in this work, we compared the orientation of the fracture plane obtained expe...The prediction of the fracture plane orientation in fatigue is a scientific topic and remains relevant for every type of material. However, in this work, we compared the orientation of the fracture plane obtained experimentally through tests on specimens under multiaxial loading with that calculated by the variance method. In the statistical approach criteria, several methods have been developed but we have presented only one method, namely the variance method using the equivalent stress. She assumes that the fracture plane orientation is the one on which the variance of the equivalent stress is maximum. Three types of equivalent stress are defined for this method [1]: normal stress, shear stress and combined normal and shear stress. The results obtained were compared with experimental results for multiaxial cyclic stress states, and it emerges that the variance method for the case of combined loading is conservative as it gives a better prediction of the fracture plane.展开更多
Laparoscopic imaging has advanced significantly,with higher resolutions like 4K,and innovative light modes such as narrow band imaging and near-infrared imaging.Recently,yellow enhancement(YE)mode has emerged as a nov...Laparoscopic imaging has advanced significantly,with higher resolutions like 4K,and innovative light modes such as narrow band imaging and near-infrared imaging.Recently,yellow enhancement(YE)mode has emerged as a novel tool that enhances the pale-yellow colour of fat into a fluorescent yellow-green,improving contrast without the need for injected dyes.It can be toggled on and off easily during surgery.YE is still under evaluation,but early experience suggests it helps surgeons differentiate anatomical planes and key intraabdominal structures from surrounding adipose tissue.This is particularly useful in:(1)Dissecting structures surrounded or covered by fat;and(2)operating on patients with obesity,where excess intra-abdominal fat limits visualisation and retraction.By enhancing the visibility of vascular pedicles,ureters,and nerves,YE enables more precise dissections and may reduce the risk of accidental injury.It can also assist less experienced surgeons in identifying important structures,potentially improving efficiency and surgical outcomes.As a training tool,YE may shorten the learning curve,though further study is needed.Overall,YE offers potential benefits in fat-dense surgical fields by improving visualisation,reducing complications,and enhancing patient safety.展开更多
The FAST radio telescope has significantly better sensitivity than any other current radio telescope.Consequently,FAST has discovered over a thousand new pulsars in sky regions already searched for 50 yr.The Galactic ...The FAST radio telescope has significantly better sensitivity than any other current radio telescope.Consequently,FAST has discovered over a thousand new pulsars in sky regions already searched for 50 yr.The Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)survey found three-quarters of these new pulsars.The article by Han et al.(2025)details the latest batch of 473 discoveries,bringing the total to 751.展开更多
In this study,we design and numerically investigate a novel all optical D flip-flop(AODFF)based on linear photonic crystal(LPhC)structure that is composed of optical waveguides using the finite difference time domain(...In this study,we design and numerically investigate a novel all optical D flip-flop(AODFF)based on linear photonic crystal(LPhC)structure that is composed of optical waveguides using the finite difference time domain(FDTD)method.The proposed structure has the hexagonal close packed of 16×20 circular rods that are suspended in the air substrate with a lattice constant of 606 nm.The plane wave expansion(PWE)method is used to obtain the band diagram for AODFF at an operating wavelength of 1550 nm.The proposed optical flip-flop achieves a low delay time of 0.2 ps and a high contrast ratio(CR)of 10.33 dB.The main advantage of this design is that the input power as low as 1 mW/μm^(2) is sufficient for its operation,since no nonlinear rods are included.In addition,the footprint of the proposed AODFF is 100μm^(2),which is smaller compared to the structures reported in the literature,and it has a fast switching frequency of 5 Tbit/s.展开更多
A scheme based on irregular V-shaped silicon nanoantennas is proposed to optimize transverse unidirectional scattering under plane wave irradiation.Traditional methods of designing regular shapes offer fewer parameter...A scheme based on irregular V-shaped silicon nanoantennas is proposed to optimize transverse unidirectional scattering under plane wave irradiation.Traditional methods of designing regular shapes offer fewer parameters and higher search efficiency.However,due to the limitations of regular shapes,it is challenging to meet high-precision design requirements.Irregular shape design allows for a broader range of adjustments,but the complexity of shape parameters leads to lower search efficiency and a higher likelihood of converging to local optima.展开更多
Satellites in LEO (Low Earth Orbits) are closest to the Earth’s surface, having the smallest coverage area compared to other orbits, depending on altitude and elevation angle, and providing relatively too short visib...Satellites in LEO (Low Earth Orbits) are closest to the Earth’s surface, having the smallest coverage area compared to other orbits, depending on altitude and elevation angle, and providing relatively too short visibility and communication duration, in range of (2 - 15) minutes. Communication duration represents the key performance indicator for LEO satellite communication systems. For longer communication sessions, more satellites must be involved, and the signals must be handed over from one satellite to the next to provide uninterrupted real-time services to the appropriate user or ground station. This leads to the concept and structure of the satellites organized in the constellation. Communication window (visibility window) depends on the designed horizon plane width determined by licensed elevation angle. For the appropriate calculations, a satellite from the Starlink constellation at altitude of 550 km is considered, observed under licensed designed elevations of 40˚ and 25˚. Calculations under two designed elevation levels confirmed the wider horizon and consequently longer communication under the lower elevation.展开更多
Uniform deposition is a promising strategy to inhibit dendrite growth and corrosion of the Zn anode in cost-effective energy storage systems:aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs).Herein,we report a regulating Zn^(2+)ions di...Uniform deposition is a promising strategy to inhibit dendrite growth and corrosion of the Zn anode in cost-effective energy storage systems:aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs).Herein,we report a regulating Zn^(2+)ions dissolution/deposition method for achieving a highly reversible Zn anode.11-mercaptoundecanoic acid(MUA)as ligands was utilized to protect the(002)plane,benefiting from the strong affinity between the thiol group and Zn,with MUA anchoring in the form of Zn-S-RCOOH,which contributes to a stable interface for uniform deposition/deposition.展开更多
BACKGROUND The dexmedetomidine(DEX)plus ropivacaine treatment enables a transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)of the peripheral nerves in patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer(CRC)that can provi...BACKGROUND The dexmedetomidine(DEX)plus ropivacaine treatment enables a transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)of the peripheral nerves in patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer(CRC)that can provide clinical data for improving the postoperative analgesic effect,reducing the risk of cognitive impairment,and decreasing the circulating levels of serum inflammatory factors and stress hormones.AIM To assess the impact of DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB on pain,postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD),and inflammatory/stress factors.METHODS Our patient cohort was randomly divided into control and observation groups(60/group).The observation group used a DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB,while the control group employed a ropivacaine-enabled TAPB.The pain score[Visual Analogy Scale(VAS),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)],serum inflammatory factor level(C-reactive protein,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α),serum stress hormone levels(cortisol and adrenaline)and postoperative adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The observation group VAS scores were lower than those of the control group(better analgesic effect,P<0.05).The MoCA and POCD scores decreased post-surgery in the observation group(P<0.05).In the elderly,the overall VAS and MoCA scores were significantly reduced compared with the young group.The C-reactive protein,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,cortisol and adrenaline levels were lower in the observation group compared with the control group post-surgery(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups post-surgery,but the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was still lower.DEX continuously inhibited p65-phosphorylation levels in the nuclear factorκB pathway at multiple time points,and its inhibitory effect became more significant over time.CONCLUSION DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB reduces POCD and inflammatory/stress hormone levels,and significantly improves the postoperative analgesic effect of patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer.展开更多
In pre-modern China,systematic records of astronomical phenomena measured by units including“zhang,”“chi,”and“cun”and records using phrases such as“as large as something”(making comparison with images取象比类)...In pre-modern China,systematic records of astronomical phenomena measured by units including“zhang,”“chi,”and“cun”and records using phrases such as“as large as something”(making comparison with images取象比类)were kept.Some of these records survive and together they constitute a“scale system”for records of astronomical phenomena.A textual model of the celestial sphere based on naked eye observations also survives.According to this model and using the conversion ratio that 1 chi equals 1 degree,the author has reconstituted the geometric meaning of the records of“zhang,”“chi,”and“cun,”while records that use a comparison with a certain object have been converted to their apparent diameters or magnitudes.Finally,these two records are integrated into one system.Through an analysis of the origin of the chi system,the author obtains the result that the radius of the celestial sphere when the ancients observed the sky with the naked eye was about 13 meters.The paper supports this conclusion from various perspectives,including psychological factors,the radius of planetariums,and the nautical Method of Reckoning by the Stars.As naked eye observers always regard the vault of heaven as a plane hemisphere,they have a common false impression in their minds;the pre-modern observational data therefore contains some systematic errors.Under different illumination and weather conditions,the vault of heaven is plane in varying degrees,for which the author has defined“the angle of apparent plane degree”视扁度角.To correct the visual errors,the author has devised a series of calculation tables for daytime,nighttime,cloudy days,clear days,moonlit nights,and moonless nights,to convert the apparent heights or sizes of celestial bodies to the true heights or sizes.展开更多
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFA1610700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12475147)。
文摘The Cooling-Storage-Ring External-target Experiment(CEE)at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL)is designed to study the properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies from a few hundred MeV/u up to 1 GeV/u.It aims to facilitate research on the quantum chromodynamics(QCD)phase structure in the high-baryondensity region.Collective flow is a fundamental observable in heavy-ion collision experiments,providing information on the bulk properties of the produced matter.Although the standard event plane method has been widely used to measure collective flow,it is still important to validate and optimize this method for the CEE spectrometer.In this paper,we study the experimental procedures for measuring directed flow in^(238)U+^(238)U collisions at 500 MeV/u,using event planes reconstructed by Multi-Wire Drift Chamber and Zero Degree Calorimeter,respectively.Jet AA Microscopic(JAM)transport generator is used to generate events,and the detector response is simulated by the CEE Fast Simulation(CFS)package.Finally,the optimal kinematic region for proton directed flow measurements is discussed for the future CEE experiment.
基金supported by European Union funding(PON“Ricerca e Innovazione”2014‒2020).
文摘The issue of resistance reduction through hull ventilation is of particular interest in contemporary research.This paper presents multiphase computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations with 2-DOF motion of a planing hull.The original hull was modified by introducing a step to allow air ventilation.Following an assessment of the hull performance,a simulation campaign in calm water was conducted to characterize the hull at various forward speeds and air insufflation rates for a defined single step geometry.Geometric analysis of the air layer thickness beneath the hull for each simulated condition was performed using a novel method for visualizing local air thickness.Additionally,two new parameters were introduced to understand the influence of spray rails on the air volume beneath the hull and to indicate the primary direction of ventilated air escape.A validation campaign and an assessment of uncertainty of the simulation has been conducted.The features offered by the CFD methodology include the evaluation of the air layer thickness as a function of hull velocity and injection flow rate and the air volume distribution beneath the hull.The air injection velocity can be adjusted across various operating conditions,thereby preventing performance or efficiency loss during navigation.Based on these findings,the study highlights the benefits of air insufflation in reducing hull resistance for high-speed planing vessels.This work lays a robust foundation for future research and new promising topics,as the exploration of air insufflation continues to be a topic of contemporary interest within naval architecture and hydrodynamics.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2022YFB2901501in part by the Science and Technology Innovation leading Talents Subsidy Project of Central Plains under Grant 244200510038.
文摘The rapid growth of distributed data-centric applications and AI workloads increases demand for low-latency,high-throughput communication,necessitating frequent and flexible updates to network routing configurations.However,maintaining consistent forwarding states during these updates is challenging,particularly when rerouting multiple flows simultaneously.Existing approaches pay little attention to multi-flow update,where improper update sequences across data plane nodes may construct deadlock dependencies.Moreover,these methods typically involve excessive control-data plane interactions,incurring significant resource overhead and performance degradation.This paper presents P4LoF,an efficient loop-free update approach that enables the controller to reroute multiple flows through minimal interactions.P4LoF first utilizes a greedy-based algorithm to generate the shortest update dependency chain for the single-flow update.These chains are then dynamically merged into a dependency graph and resolved as a Shortest Common Super-sequence(SCS)problem to produce the update sequence of multi-flow update.To address deadlock dependencies in multi-flow updates,P4LoF builds a deadlock-fix forwarding model that leverages the flexible packet processing capabilities of the programmable data plane.Experimental results show that P4LoF reduces control-data plane interactions by at least 32.6%with modest overhead,while effectively guaranteeing loop-free consistency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52178329),the China Scholarship Council(Grant No.202306130155)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.CX20230442).
文摘With the continuous development of the offshore wind industry,the design concept of composite foundation has been given attention in the past decade.This paper presents an accurate method for investigating the horizontal vibration of monopile-friction wheel composite foundations in layered saturated soil.Firstly,the three-dimensional continuum mechanics theory with the range of linear elasticity is introduced to calculate the frictional resistance distributed on the upper soil surface.Then,the resistances of multilayered soils and inviscid seawater to the pile shaft under horizontal harmonic excitation are obtained using Novak's plane strain model,Biot's porous media theory and radiationwave theory.Thirdly,the expressions for the deformation,bending moment and internal force of the Euler-Bernoulli pile are derived using the boundary conditions with definitephysical meaning and transfer matrix method.By comparing with the results of 1g laboratory test and the idealized formula reported by the literature,the rationality and accuracy of the developed dynamical model can be verified.Finally,this paper conducts a series of worked examples to investigate the influencesof the elastic modulus and thickness of three-layer saturated soil and the location of interlayer soil on the horizontal dynamic vibration of composite foundation.The results show that an increase in elastic modulus of the surface soil is an effective way to improve the dynamic stability of the composite foundation in service conditions.The conclusions drawn from the numerical examples can develop some guidelines for the current foundation design of offshore wind turbines.
基金approved by Institutional Review Board of Faculty of Medicine in Assiut University,No.04-2024-300470.
文摘BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affecting the alignment,such as ankle joint alignment,should be considered.AIM To determine CPAK distribution in the North African(Egyptian)population with knee osteoarthritis and to assess ankle joint line orientation(AJLO)adaptations across different CPAK types.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with primary knee osteoarthritis and normal ankle joints.Radiographic parameters included the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle,medial proximal tibial angle,and the derived calculations of joint line obliquity(JLO)and arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle(aHKA).The tibial plafond horizontal angle(TPHA)was used for AJLO assessment,where 0°is neutral(type N),<0°is varus(type A),and>0°is valgus(type B).The nine CPAK types were further divided into 27 subtypes after incorporating the three AJLO types.RESULTS A total of 527 patients(1054 knees)were included for CPAK classification,and 435 patients(870 knees and ankles)for AJLO assessment.The mean age was 57.2±7.8 years,with 79.5%females.Most knees(76.4%)demonstrated varus alignment(mean aHKA was-5.51°±4.84°)and apex distal JLO(55.3%)(mean JLO was 176.43°±4.53°).CPAK types I(44.3%),IV(28.6%),and II(10%)were the most common.Regarding AJLO,70.2%of ankles exhibited varus orientation(mean TPHA was-5.21°±6.45°).The most frequent combined subtypes were CPAK type I-A(33.7%),IV-A(21.5%),and I-N(6.9%).A significant positive correlation was found between the TPHA and aHKA(r=0.40,P<0.001).CONCLUSION In this North African cohort,varus knee alignment with apex distal JLO and varus AJLO predominated.CPAK types I,IV,and II were the most common types,while subtypes I-A,IV-A,and I-N were commonly occurring after incorporating AJLO types;furthermore,the AJLO was significantly correlated to aHKA.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.E2024209118,B2022209026)Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Funding Program(No.246Z4414G)+2 种基金Key Research Project Focused on Basic Research of Hebei Province Education Department(No.JZX2024026)Science and Technology Planning Project of Tangshan City(No.24130217C)Youth Scholars Promotion Plan of North China University of Science and Technology(No.QNTJ202309)
文摘Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages.However,the growth of dendrites on the anode and the occurrence of side reactions limits the improvement of electrochemical performance of AZIBs.The alloying of zinc anode effectively alleviates above problems,which is beneficial to the long-term cycle performance of AZIBs.In this study,zinc-copper alloy anode(Cu@Zn)was synthesized by melting method.The method is not only simple and easy to operate,but also can make the synthesized anode Cu element uniform distribution and improve the corrosion resistance of the anode.At the same time,the Cu@Zn surface reconstructed has a large proportion of Zn(002)crystal surface exposure,with the zinc affinity of Cu.Both of them can induce the uniform deposition of Zn2+ions along the Zn(002)crystal plane,further inhibiting the growth of dendrite.The Cu@Zn//Cu@Zn symmetrical batteries can cycle more than 1000 times at current densities of 0.3 and 1.2 mA cm^(-2),and maintain a relatively low hysteresis voltage.And the discharge capacity retention rate of Cu@Zn//MnO_(2)maintains 84.64%at 2.0 A g^(-1)after 1000 cycles.This study provides a new methodological reference for the development of advanced AZIBs anodes.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52004143 and 52374095)the open fund for the Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines (Grant No.SKLMRDPC21KF06).
文摘A series of true triaxial unloading tests are conducted on sandstone specimens with a single structural plane to investigate their mechanical behaviors and failure characteristics under different in situ stress states.The experimental results indicate that the dip angle of structural plane(θ)and the intermediate principal stress(σ2)have an important influence on the peak strength,cracking mode,and rockburst severity.The peak strength exhibits a first increase and then decrease as a function ofσ2 for a constantθ.However,whenσ2 is constant,the maximum peak strength is obtained atθof 90°,and the minimum peak strength is obtained atθof 30°or 45°.For the case of an inclined structural plane,the crack type at the tips of structural plane transforms from a mix of wing and anti-wing cracks to wing cracks with an increase inσ2,while the crack type around the tips of structural plane is always anti-wing cracks for the vertical structural plane,accompanied by a series of tensile cracks besides.The specimens with structural plane do not undergo slabbing failure regardless ofθ,and always exhibit composite tensile-shear failure whatever theσ2 value is.With an increase inσ2 andθ,the intensity of the rockburst is consistent with the tendency of the peak strength.By analyzing the relationship between the cohesion(c),internal friction angle(φ),andθin sandstone specimens,we incorporateθinto the true triaxial unloading strength criterion,and propose a modified linear Mogi-Coulomb criterion.Moreover,the crack propagation mechanism at the tips of structural plane,and closure degree of the structural plane under true triaxial unloading conditions are also discussed and summarized.This study provides theoretical guidance for stability assessment of surrounding rocks containing geological structures in deep complex stress environments.
基金supported by the Swedish Energy Agency(P47500-1)the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0710200)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378401 and U22A20416)the financial support from STINT(CH2019-8287)financial support from the European Union and Swedish Energy Agency(P2020-90066).
文摘The catalytic oxidation of HMF involves a cascading reaction with multiple intermediate products,making it crucial to enhance the oriented adsorption capacity of specific functional groups for accelerating the entire process.To achieve the efficient selective oxidation of HMF to FDCA,a series of NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalysts with different morphologies,such as flaky,echinoids,pompon and corolla,were prepared and characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,BET,XPS,and FTIR.Among the four catalysts,flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)exhibited the most excellent catalytic activity and stability,with a FDCA yield of 60.1%within 12 h at 80℃without alkali participation.The excellent performance of flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalyst is attributed to the oxygen vacancies and acid sites generated by the exposed(400)facets.The oxygen vacancies and acid sites on the catalyst surface can precisely adsorb-CHO and-CH_(2)-OH of HMF,respectively,and this synergistic effect promotes the efficient production of FDCA.This work is of great significance for fundamentally study the effect of micro-topography or crystal-plane reaction properties on surfaces.
基金supported by grants from the Human Resources Development program(Grant No.20204010600250)the Training Program of CCUS for the Green Growth(Grant No.20214000000500)by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry,and Energy of the Korean Government(MOTIE).
文摘Three-dimensional printing(3DP)offers valuable insight into the characterization of natural rocks and the verification of theoretical models due to its high reproducibility and accurate replication of complex defects such as cracks and pores.In this study,3DP gypsum samples with different printing directions were subjected to a series of uniaxial compression tests with in situ micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)scanning to quantitatively investigate their mechanical anisotropic properties and damage evolution characteristics.Based on the two-dimensional(2D)CT images obtained at different scanning steps,a novel void ratio variable was derived using the mean value and variance of CT intensity.Additionally,a constitutive model was formulated incorporating the proposed damage variable,utilizing the void ratio variable.The crack evolution and crack morphology of 3DP gypsum samples were obtained and analyzed using the 3D models reconstructed from the CT images.The results indicate that 3DP gypsum samples exhibit mechanical anisotropic characteristics similar to those found in naturally sedimentary rocks.The mechanical anisotropy is attributed to the bedding planes formed between adjacent layers and pillar-like structures along the printing direction formed by CaSO_(4)·2H_(2)O crystals of needle-like morphology.The mean gray intensity of the voids has a positive linear relationship with the threshold value,while the CT variance and void ratio have concave and convex relationships,respectively.The constitutive model can effectively match the stress–strain curves obtained from uniaxial compression experiments.This study provides comprehensive explanations of the failure modes and anisotropic mechanisms of 3DP gypsum samples,which is important for characterizing and understanding the failure mechanism and microstructural evolution of 3DP rocks when modeling natural rock behavior.
文摘AT No.1 Xiaofenqiao,Guangzhou Road,Nanjing,a grey-brick Western-style villa stands quietly in the green shade of dense plane trees.When the breeze stirs the leaves,they rustle as if whispering old stories.The two-story house was the former residence of John Rabe(1882-1950),representative of German Siemens China Co.in Nanjing.
文摘The design of customized crystal plane heterojunction can effectively leverage the optimal anisotropic interaction of crystal plane,thereby enhancing photocatalytic activity.In this study,Co_(3)O_(4) exposed(111),(110),and(100)crystal planes(designated as HCO,NCO,and CCO,respectively)were synthesized and successfully coupled with Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S(CZS).Among these composites,the HCO/CZS exhibited best hydrogen evolution activity.In conjunction with DFT calculations and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy,it has been found that:the crystal plane interaction between HCO and CZS enabled the composite catalyst to exhibit optimal anisotropy in crystal plane carrier transport,crystal plane active sites,and crystal plane electronic structure.This interaction induces a redistribution of electrons at their contact interface,thereby establishing a built-in electric field that facilitates the formation of ohmic heterojunction between HCO and CZS.The synergistic effect of the ohmic heterojunction and crystal plane anisotropy not only decreases the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption but also facilitates the efficient spatial separation and rapid transfer of electron-hole pairs.This study offers valuable insights into the customization of crystal plane heterojunctions,aiming to maximize anisotropic interactions between crystal planes in order to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
文摘The prediction of the fracture plane orientation in fatigue is a scientific topic and remains relevant for every type of material. However, in this work, we compared the orientation of the fracture plane obtained experimentally through tests on specimens under multiaxial loading with that calculated by the variance method. In the statistical approach criteria, several methods have been developed but we have presented only one method, namely the variance method using the equivalent stress. She assumes that the fracture plane orientation is the one on which the variance of the equivalent stress is maximum. Three types of equivalent stress are defined for this method [1]: normal stress, shear stress and combined normal and shear stress. The results obtained were compared with experimental results for multiaxial cyclic stress states, and it emerges that the variance method for the case of combined loading is conservative as it gives a better prediction of the fracture plane.
文摘Laparoscopic imaging has advanced significantly,with higher resolutions like 4K,and innovative light modes such as narrow band imaging and near-infrared imaging.Recently,yellow enhancement(YE)mode has emerged as a novel tool that enhances the pale-yellow colour of fat into a fluorescent yellow-green,improving contrast without the need for injected dyes.It can be toggled on and off easily during surgery.YE is still under evaluation,but early experience suggests it helps surgeons differentiate anatomical planes and key intraabdominal structures from surrounding adipose tissue.This is particularly useful in:(1)Dissecting structures surrounded or covered by fat;and(2)operating on patients with obesity,where excess intra-abdominal fat limits visualisation and retraction.By enhancing the visibility of vascular pedicles,ureters,and nerves,YE enables more precise dissections and may reduce the risk of accidental injury.It can also assist less experienced surgeons in identifying important structures,potentially improving efficiency and surgical outcomes.As a training tool,YE may shorten the learning curve,though further study is needed.Overall,YE offers potential benefits in fat-dense surgical fields by improving visualisation,reducing complications,and enhancing patient safety.
文摘The FAST radio telescope has significantly better sensitivity than any other current radio telescope.Consequently,FAST has discovered over a thousand new pulsars in sky regions already searched for 50 yr.The Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)survey found three-quarters of these new pulsars.The article by Han et al.(2025)details the latest batch of 473 discoveries,bringing the total to 751.
文摘In this study,we design and numerically investigate a novel all optical D flip-flop(AODFF)based on linear photonic crystal(LPhC)structure that is composed of optical waveguides using the finite difference time domain(FDTD)method.The proposed structure has the hexagonal close packed of 16×20 circular rods that are suspended in the air substrate with a lattice constant of 606 nm.The plane wave expansion(PWE)method is used to obtain the band diagram for AODFF at an operating wavelength of 1550 nm.The proposed optical flip-flop achieves a low delay time of 0.2 ps and a high contrast ratio(CR)of 10.33 dB.The main advantage of this design is that the input power as low as 1 mW/μm^(2) is sufficient for its operation,since no nonlinear rods are included.In addition,the footprint of the proposed AODFF is 100μm^(2),which is smaller compared to the structures reported in the literature,and it has a fast switching frequency of 5 Tbit/s.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62475121 and 62335012)。
文摘A scheme based on irregular V-shaped silicon nanoantennas is proposed to optimize transverse unidirectional scattering under plane wave irradiation.Traditional methods of designing regular shapes offer fewer parameters and higher search efficiency.However,due to the limitations of regular shapes,it is challenging to meet high-precision design requirements.Irregular shape design allows for a broader range of adjustments,but the complexity of shape parameters leads to lower search efficiency and a higher likelihood of converging to local optima.
文摘Satellites in LEO (Low Earth Orbits) are closest to the Earth’s surface, having the smallest coverage area compared to other orbits, depending on altitude and elevation angle, and providing relatively too short visibility and communication duration, in range of (2 - 15) minutes. Communication duration represents the key performance indicator for LEO satellite communication systems. For longer communication sessions, more satellites must be involved, and the signals must be handed over from one satellite to the next to provide uninterrupted real-time services to the appropriate user or ground station. This leads to the concept and structure of the satellites organized in the constellation. Communication window (visibility window) depends on the designed horizon plane width determined by licensed elevation angle. For the appropriate calculations, a satellite from the Starlink constellation at altitude of 550 km is considered, observed under licensed designed elevations of 40˚ and 25˚. Calculations under two designed elevation levels confirmed the wider horizon and consequently longer communication under the lower elevation.
基金supported by the foundation of Guangxi Innovation Driven Development Project Grant(AA22068080)the Science and Technology Plan of Guangxi(No.ZY22096019)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51874051 and 52111530139)the Australian Research Council Discovery Program(DP220103416)Australian Research Council Future Fel owships(FT200100730,FT210100804)。
文摘Uniform deposition is a promising strategy to inhibit dendrite growth and corrosion of the Zn anode in cost-effective energy storage systems:aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs).Herein,we report a regulating Zn^(2+)ions dissolution/deposition method for achieving a highly reversible Zn anode.11-mercaptoundecanoic acid(MUA)as ligands was utilized to protect the(002)plane,benefiting from the strong affinity between the thiol group and Zn,with MUA anchoring in the form of Zn-S-RCOOH,which contributes to a stable interface for uniform deposition/deposition.
文摘BACKGROUND The dexmedetomidine(DEX)plus ropivacaine treatment enables a transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)of the peripheral nerves in patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer(CRC)that can provide clinical data for improving the postoperative analgesic effect,reducing the risk of cognitive impairment,and decreasing the circulating levels of serum inflammatory factors and stress hormones.AIM To assess the impact of DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB on pain,postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD),and inflammatory/stress factors.METHODS Our patient cohort was randomly divided into control and observation groups(60/group).The observation group used a DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB,while the control group employed a ropivacaine-enabled TAPB.The pain score[Visual Analogy Scale(VAS),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)],serum inflammatory factor level(C-reactive protein,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α),serum stress hormone levels(cortisol and adrenaline)and postoperative adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The observation group VAS scores were lower than those of the control group(better analgesic effect,P<0.05).The MoCA and POCD scores decreased post-surgery in the observation group(P<0.05).In the elderly,the overall VAS and MoCA scores were significantly reduced compared with the young group.The C-reactive protein,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,cortisol and adrenaline levels were lower in the observation group compared with the control group post-surgery(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups post-surgery,but the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was still lower.DEX continuously inhibited p65-phosphorylation levels in the nuclear factorκB pathway at multiple time points,and its inhibitory effect became more significant over time.CONCLUSION DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB reduces POCD and inflammatory/stress hormone levels,and significantly improves the postoperative analgesic effect of patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer.
文摘In pre-modern China,systematic records of astronomical phenomena measured by units including“zhang,”“chi,”and“cun”and records using phrases such as“as large as something”(making comparison with images取象比类)were kept.Some of these records survive and together they constitute a“scale system”for records of astronomical phenomena.A textual model of the celestial sphere based on naked eye observations also survives.According to this model and using the conversion ratio that 1 chi equals 1 degree,the author has reconstituted the geometric meaning of the records of“zhang,”“chi,”and“cun,”while records that use a comparison with a certain object have been converted to their apparent diameters or magnitudes.Finally,these two records are integrated into one system.Through an analysis of the origin of the chi system,the author obtains the result that the radius of the celestial sphere when the ancients observed the sky with the naked eye was about 13 meters.The paper supports this conclusion from various perspectives,including psychological factors,the radius of planetariums,and the nautical Method of Reckoning by the Stars.As naked eye observers always regard the vault of heaven as a plane hemisphere,they have a common false impression in their minds;the pre-modern observational data therefore contains some systematic errors.Under different illumination and weather conditions,the vault of heaven is plane in varying degrees,for which the author has defined“the angle of apparent plane degree”视扁度角.To correct the visual errors,the author has devised a series of calculation tables for daytime,nighttime,cloudy days,clear days,moonlit nights,and moonless nights,to convert the apparent heights or sizes of celestial bodies to the true heights or sizes.
