The issue of resistance reduction through hull ventilation is of particular interest in contemporary research.This paper presents multiphase computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations with 2-DOF motion of a planing ...The issue of resistance reduction through hull ventilation is of particular interest in contemporary research.This paper presents multiphase computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations with 2-DOF motion of a planing hull.The original hull was modified by introducing a step to allow air ventilation.Following an assessment of the hull performance,a simulation campaign in calm water was conducted to characterize the hull at various forward speeds and air insufflation rates for a defined single step geometry.Geometric analysis of the air layer thickness beneath the hull for each simulated condition was performed using a novel method for visualizing local air thickness.Additionally,two new parameters were introduced to understand the influence of spray rails on the air volume beneath the hull and to indicate the primary direction of ventilated air escape.A validation campaign and an assessment of uncertainty of the simulation has been conducted.The features offered by the CFD methodology include the evaluation of the air layer thickness as a function of hull velocity and injection flow rate and the air volume distribution beneath the hull.The air injection velocity can be adjusted across various operating conditions,thereby preventing performance or efficiency loss during navigation.Based on these findings,the study highlights the benefits of air insufflation in reducing hull resistance for high-speed planing vessels.This work lays a robust foundation for future research and new promising topics,as the exploration of air insufflation continues to be a topic of contemporary interest within naval architecture and hydrodynamics.展开更多
The rapid growth of distributed data-centric applications and AI workloads increases demand for low-latency,high-throughput communication,necessitating frequent and flexible updates to network routing configurations.H...The rapid growth of distributed data-centric applications and AI workloads increases demand for low-latency,high-throughput communication,necessitating frequent and flexible updates to network routing configurations.However,maintaining consistent forwarding states during these updates is challenging,particularly when rerouting multiple flows simultaneously.Existing approaches pay little attention to multi-flow update,where improper update sequences across data plane nodes may construct deadlock dependencies.Moreover,these methods typically involve excessive control-data plane interactions,incurring significant resource overhead and performance degradation.This paper presents P4LoF,an efficient loop-free update approach that enables the controller to reroute multiple flows through minimal interactions.P4LoF first utilizes a greedy-based algorithm to generate the shortest update dependency chain for the single-flow update.These chains are then dynamically merged into a dependency graph and resolved as a Shortest Common Super-sequence(SCS)problem to produce the update sequence of multi-flow update.To address deadlock dependencies in multi-flow updates,P4LoF builds a deadlock-fix forwarding model that leverages the flexible packet processing capabilities of the programmable data plane.Experimental results show that P4LoF reduces control-data plane interactions by at least 32.6%with modest overhead,while effectively guaranteeing loop-free consistency.展开更多
BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affectin...BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affecting the alignment,such as ankle joint alignment,should be considered.AIM To determine CPAK distribution in the North African(Egyptian)population with knee osteoarthritis and to assess ankle joint line orientation(AJLO)adaptations across different CPAK types.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with primary knee osteoarthritis and normal ankle joints.Radiographic parameters included the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle,medial proximal tibial angle,and the derived calculations of joint line obliquity(JLO)and arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle(aHKA).The tibial plafond horizontal angle(TPHA)was used for AJLO assessment,where 0°is neutral(type N),<0°is varus(type A),and>0°is valgus(type B).The nine CPAK types were further divided into 27 subtypes after incorporating the three AJLO types.RESULTS A total of 527 patients(1054 knees)were included for CPAK classification,and 435 patients(870 knees and ankles)for AJLO assessment.The mean age was 57.2±7.8 years,with 79.5%females.Most knees(76.4%)demonstrated varus alignment(mean aHKA was-5.51°±4.84°)and apex distal JLO(55.3%)(mean JLO was 176.43°±4.53°).CPAK types I(44.3%),IV(28.6%),and II(10%)were the most common.Regarding AJLO,70.2%of ankles exhibited varus orientation(mean TPHA was-5.21°±6.45°).The most frequent combined subtypes were CPAK type I-A(33.7%),IV-A(21.5%),and I-N(6.9%).A significant positive correlation was found between the TPHA and aHKA(r=0.40,P<0.001).CONCLUSION In this North African cohort,varus knee alignment with apex distal JLO and varus AJLO predominated.CPAK types I,IV,and II were the most common types,while subtypes I-A,IV-A,and I-N were commonly occurring after incorporating AJLO types;furthermore,the AJLO was significantly correlated to aHKA.展开更多
Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages.However,the growth of dendrites on the anode and the occurrence of side reactions limits the improvement of electroch...Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages.However,the growth of dendrites on the anode and the occurrence of side reactions limits the improvement of electrochemical performance of AZIBs.The alloying of zinc anode effectively alleviates above problems,which is beneficial to the long-term cycle performance of AZIBs.In this study,zinc-copper alloy anode(Cu@Zn)was synthesized by melting method.The method is not only simple and easy to operate,but also can make the synthesized anode Cu element uniform distribution and improve the corrosion resistance of the anode.At the same time,the Cu@Zn surface reconstructed has a large proportion of Zn(002)crystal surface exposure,with the zinc affinity of Cu.Both of them can induce the uniform deposition of Zn2+ions along the Zn(002)crystal plane,further inhibiting the growth of dendrite.The Cu@Zn//Cu@Zn symmetrical batteries can cycle more than 1000 times at current densities of 0.3 and 1.2 mA cm^(-2),and maintain a relatively low hysteresis voltage.And the discharge capacity retention rate of Cu@Zn//MnO_(2)maintains 84.64%at 2.0 A g^(-1)after 1000 cycles.This study provides a new methodological reference for the development of advanced AZIBs anodes.展开更多
A series of true triaxial unloading tests are conducted on sandstone specimens with a single structural plane to investigate their mechanical behaviors and failure characteristics under different in situ stress states...A series of true triaxial unloading tests are conducted on sandstone specimens with a single structural plane to investigate their mechanical behaviors and failure characteristics under different in situ stress states.The experimental results indicate that the dip angle of structural plane(θ)and the intermediate principal stress(σ2)have an important influence on the peak strength,cracking mode,and rockburst severity.The peak strength exhibits a first increase and then decrease as a function ofσ2 for a constantθ.However,whenσ2 is constant,the maximum peak strength is obtained atθof 90°,and the minimum peak strength is obtained atθof 30°or 45°.For the case of an inclined structural plane,the crack type at the tips of structural plane transforms from a mix of wing and anti-wing cracks to wing cracks with an increase inσ2,while the crack type around the tips of structural plane is always anti-wing cracks for the vertical structural plane,accompanied by a series of tensile cracks besides.The specimens with structural plane do not undergo slabbing failure regardless ofθ,and always exhibit composite tensile-shear failure whatever theσ2 value is.With an increase inσ2 andθ,the intensity of the rockburst is consistent with the tendency of the peak strength.By analyzing the relationship between the cohesion(c),internal friction angle(φ),andθin sandstone specimens,we incorporateθinto the true triaxial unloading strength criterion,and propose a modified linear Mogi-Coulomb criterion.Moreover,the crack propagation mechanism at the tips of structural plane,and closure degree of the structural plane under true triaxial unloading conditions are also discussed and summarized.This study provides theoretical guidance for stability assessment of surrounding rocks containing geological structures in deep complex stress environments.展开更多
The catalytic oxidation of HMF involves a cascading reaction with multiple intermediate products,making it crucial to enhance the oriented adsorption capacity of specific functional groups for accelerating the entire ...The catalytic oxidation of HMF involves a cascading reaction with multiple intermediate products,making it crucial to enhance the oriented adsorption capacity of specific functional groups for accelerating the entire process.To achieve the efficient selective oxidation of HMF to FDCA,a series of NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalysts with different morphologies,such as flaky,echinoids,pompon and corolla,were prepared and characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,BET,XPS,and FTIR.Among the four catalysts,flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)exhibited the most excellent catalytic activity and stability,with a FDCA yield of 60.1%within 12 h at 80℃without alkali participation.The excellent performance of flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalyst is attributed to the oxygen vacancies and acid sites generated by the exposed(400)facets.The oxygen vacancies and acid sites on the catalyst surface can precisely adsorb-CHO and-CH_(2)-OH of HMF,respectively,and this synergistic effect promotes the efficient production of FDCA.This work is of great significance for fundamentally study the effect of micro-topography or crystal-plane reaction properties on surfaces.展开更多
AT No.1 Xiaofenqiao,Guangzhou Road,Nanjing,a grey-brick Western-style villa stands quietly in the green shade of dense plane trees.When the breeze stirs the leaves,they rustle as if whispering old stories.The two-stor...AT No.1 Xiaofenqiao,Guangzhou Road,Nanjing,a grey-brick Western-style villa stands quietly in the green shade of dense plane trees.When the breeze stirs the leaves,they rustle as if whispering old stories.The two-story house was the former residence of John Rabe(1882-1950),representative of German Siemens China Co.in Nanjing.展开更多
The design of customized crystal plane heterojunction can effectively leverage the optimal anisotropic interaction of crystal plane,thereby enhancing photocatalytic activity.In this study,Co_(3)O_(4) exposed(111),(110...The design of customized crystal plane heterojunction can effectively leverage the optimal anisotropic interaction of crystal plane,thereby enhancing photocatalytic activity.In this study,Co_(3)O_(4) exposed(111),(110),and(100)crystal planes(designated as HCO,NCO,and CCO,respectively)were synthesized and successfully coupled with Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S(CZS).Among these composites,the HCO/CZS exhibited best hydrogen evolution activity.In conjunction with DFT calculations and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy,it has been found that:the crystal plane interaction between HCO and CZS enabled the composite catalyst to exhibit optimal anisotropy in crystal plane carrier transport,crystal plane active sites,and crystal plane electronic structure.This interaction induces a redistribution of electrons at their contact interface,thereby establishing a built-in electric field that facilitates the formation of ohmic heterojunction between HCO and CZS.The synergistic effect of the ohmic heterojunction and crystal plane anisotropy not only decreases the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption but also facilitates the efficient spatial separation and rapid transfer of electron-hole pairs.This study offers valuable insights into the customization of crystal plane heterojunctions,aiming to maximize anisotropic interactions between crystal planes in order to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.展开更多
The prediction of the fracture plane orientation in fatigue is a scientific topic and remains relevant for every type of material. However, in this work, we compared the orientation of the fracture plane obtained expe...The prediction of the fracture plane orientation in fatigue is a scientific topic and remains relevant for every type of material. However, in this work, we compared the orientation of the fracture plane obtained experimentally through tests on specimens under multiaxial loading with that calculated by the variance method. In the statistical approach criteria, several methods have been developed but we have presented only one method, namely the variance method using the equivalent stress. She assumes that the fracture plane orientation is the one on which the variance of the equivalent stress is maximum. Three types of equivalent stress are defined for this method [1]: normal stress, shear stress and combined normal and shear stress. The results obtained were compared with experimental results for multiaxial cyclic stress states, and it emerges that the variance method for the case of combined loading is conservative as it gives a better prediction of the fracture plane.展开更多
Laparoscopic imaging has advanced significantly,with higher resolutions like 4K,and innovative light modes such as narrow band imaging and near-infrared imaging.Recently,yellow enhancement(YE)mode has emerged as a nov...Laparoscopic imaging has advanced significantly,with higher resolutions like 4K,and innovative light modes such as narrow band imaging and near-infrared imaging.Recently,yellow enhancement(YE)mode has emerged as a novel tool that enhances the pale-yellow colour of fat into a fluorescent yellow-green,improving contrast without the need for injected dyes.It can be toggled on and off easily during surgery.YE is still under evaluation,but early experience suggests it helps surgeons differentiate anatomical planes and key intraabdominal structures from surrounding adipose tissue.This is particularly useful in:(1)Dissecting structures surrounded or covered by fat;and(2)operating on patients with obesity,where excess intra-abdominal fat limits visualisation and retraction.By enhancing the visibility of vascular pedicles,ureters,and nerves,YE enables more precise dissections and may reduce the risk of accidental injury.It can also assist less experienced surgeons in identifying important structures,potentially improving efficiency and surgical outcomes.As a training tool,YE may shorten the learning curve,though further study is needed.Overall,YE offers potential benefits in fat-dense surgical fields by improving visualisation,reducing complications,and enhancing patient safety.展开更多
The FAST radio telescope has significantly better sensitivity than any other current radio telescope.Consequently,FAST has discovered over a thousand new pulsars in sky regions already searched for 50 yr.The Galactic ...The FAST radio telescope has significantly better sensitivity than any other current radio telescope.Consequently,FAST has discovered over a thousand new pulsars in sky regions already searched for 50 yr.The Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)survey found three-quarters of these new pulsars.The article by Han et al.(2025)details the latest batch of 473 discoveries,bringing the total to 751.展开更多
In this study,we design and numerically investigate a novel all optical D flip-flop(AODFF)based on linear photonic crystal(LPhC)structure that is composed of optical waveguides using the finite difference time domain(...In this study,we design and numerically investigate a novel all optical D flip-flop(AODFF)based on linear photonic crystal(LPhC)structure that is composed of optical waveguides using the finite difference time domain(FDTD)method.The proposed structure has the hexagonal close packed of 16×20 circular rods that are suspended in the air substrate with a lattice constant of 606 nm.The plane wave expansion(PWE)method is used to obtain the band diagram for AODFF at an operating wavelength of 1550 nm.The proposed optical flip-flop achieves a low delay time of 0.2 ps and a high contrast ratio(CR)of 10.33 dB.The main advantage of this design is that the input power as low as 1 mW/μm^(2) is sufficient for its operation,since no nonlinear rods are included.In addition,the footprint of the proposed AODFF is 100μm^(2),which is smaller compared to the structures reported in the literature,and it has a fast switching frequency of 5 Tbit/s.展开更多
A scheme based on irregular V-shaped silicon nanoantennas is proposed to optimize transverse unidirectional scattering under plane wave irradiation.Traditional methods of designing regular shapes offer fewer parameter...A scheme based on irregular V-shaped silicon nanoantennas is proposed to optimize transverse unidirectional scattering under plane wave irradiation.Traditional methods of designing regular shapes offer fewer parameters and higher search efficiency.However,due to the limitations of regular shapes,it is challenging to meet high-precision design requirements.Irregular shape design allows for a broader range of adjustments,but the complexity of shape parameters leads to lower search efficiency and a higher likelihood of converging to local optima.展开更多
Satellites in LEO (Low Earth Orbits) are closest to the Earth’s surface, having the smallest coverage area compared to other orbits, depending on altitude and elevation angle, and providing relatively too short visib...Satellites in LEO (Low Earth Orbits) are closest to the Earth’s surface, having the smallest coverage area compared to other orbits, depending on altitude and elevation angle, and providing relatively too short visibility and communication duration, in range of (2 - 15) minutes. Communication duration represents the key performance indicator for LEO satellite communication systems. For longer communication sessions, more satellites must be involved, and the signals must be handed over from one satellite to the next to provide uninterrupted real-time services to the appropriate user or ground station. This leads to the concept and structure of the satellites organized in the constellation. Communication window (visibility window) depends on the designed horizon plane width determined by licensed elevation angle. For the appropriate calculations, a satellite from the Starlink constellation at altitude of 550 km is considered, observed under licensed designed elevations of 40˚ and 25˚. Calculations under two designed elevation levels confirmed the wider horizon and consequently longer communication under the lower elevation.展开更多
BACKGROUND The dexmedetomidine(DEX)plus ropivacaine treatment enables a transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)of the peripheral nerves in patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer(CRC)that can provi...BACKGROUND The dexmedetomidine(DEX)plus ropivacaine treatment enables a transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)of the peripheral nerves in patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer(CRC)that can provide clinical data for improving the postoperative analgesic effect,reducing the risk of cognitive impairment,and decreasing the circulating levels of serum inflammatory factors and stress hormones.AIM To assess the impact of DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB on pain,postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD),and inflammatory/stress factors.METHODS Our patient cohort was randomly divided into control and observation groups(60/group).The observation group used a DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB,while the control group employed a ropivacaine-enabled TAPB.The pain score[Visual Analogy Scale(VAS),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)],serum inflammatory factor level(C-reactive protein,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α),serum stress hormone levels(cortisol and adrenaline)and postoperative adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The observation group VAS scores were lower than those of the control group(better analgesic effect,P<0.05).The MoCA and POCD scores decreased post-surgery in the observation group(P<0.05).In the elderly,the overall VAS and MoCA scores were significantly reduced compared with the young group.The C-reactive protein,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,cortisol and adrenaline levels were lower in the observation group compared with the control group post-surgery(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups post-surgery,but the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was still lower.DEX continuously inhibited p65-phosphorylation levels in the nuclear factorκB pathway at multiple time points,and its inhibitory effect became more significant over time.CONCLUSION DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB reduces POCD and inflammatory/stress hormone levels,and significantly improves the postoperative analgesic effect of patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer.展开更多
Shale oil reservoir is generally characterized by well-developed bedding planes,and multi-cluster fracturing is the most effective technique to achieve stable shale oil production.In this paper,a multi-cluster fractur...Shale oil reservoir is generally characterized by well-developed bedding planes,and multi-cluster fracturing is the most effective technique to achieve stable shale oil production.In this paper,a multi-cluster fracturing model for a horizontal well in shale with high-density bedding planes is established.The fracture morphology,fracture geometry,fracturing area and multiple fracture propagation mechanism are analyzed under simultaneous fracturing,sequential fracturing,and alternative fracturing.Results show that in the case of small cluster spacing and three clusters,the growth of the middle fracture is inhibited and develops along the bedding planes under both simultaneous fracturing and alternative fracturing.For sequential fracturing,the increase in the interval time between each fracturing advances the post fracturing fracture deflecting to the pre-existing fractures through the bedding planes.The reactivation of the bedding planes can promote the extension of the fracturing area.Increasing the injection rate and the number of clusters promotes the activation of bedding planes.However,it is preferable to reduce the number of clusters to obtain more main fractures.Compared with modified alternating fracturing and cyclic alternating fracturing,alternating shut-in fracturing creates more main fractures towards the direction of the maximum in-situ stress.The fracturing efficiency for high-density layered shale is ranked as simultaneous fracturing>alternative fracturing>sequential fracturing.展开更多
In this paper,we establish a stability estimate for the isoperimetric inequality of horospherically convex domains in hyperbolic plane.This estimate involves a relationship between the Hausdorff distance to a geodesic...In this paper,we establish a stability estimate for the isoperimetric inequality of horospherically convex domains in hyperbolic plane.This estimate involves a relationship between the Hausdorff distance to a geodesic ball and the deficit in the isoperimetric inequality,where the coefficient of the deficit is a universal constant.展开更多
Software-Defined Perimeter(SDP)provides a logical perimeter to restrict access to services.However,due to the security vulnerability of a single controller and the programmability lack of a gateway,existing SDP is fac...Software-Defined Perimeter(SDP)provides a logical perimeter to restrict access to services.However,due to the security vulnerability of a single controller and the programmability lack of a gateway,existing SDP is facing challenges.To solve the above problems,we propose a flexible and secure SDP mechanism named Mimic SDP(MSDP).MSDP consists of endogenous secure controllers and a dynamic gateway.The controllers avoid single point failure by heterogeneity and redundancy.And the dynamic gateway realizes flexible forwarding in programmable data plane by changing the processing of packet construction and deconstruction,thereby confusing the potential adversary.Besides,we propose a Markov model to evaluate the security of our SDP framework.We implement a prototype of MSDP and evaluate it in terms of functionality,performance,and scalability in different groups of systems and languages.Evaluation results demonstrate that MSDP can provide a secure connection of 93.38%with a cost of 6.34%under reasonable configuration.展开更多
The spatial relationship between structural planes and principal stresses significantly affects the mechanical properties of deep hard rock.This paper examines the effect of the loading angle under true triaxial compr...The spatial relationship between structural planes and principal stresses significantly affects the mechanical properties of deep hard rock.This paper examines the effect of the loading angle under true triaxial compression.While previous studies focused on the angleβbetween the maximum principal stress and the structural plane,the role of angleω,between the intermediate principal stress and the structural plane,is often overlooked.Utilizing artificially prefabricated granite specimens with a single non-penetrating structural plane,we set the loading angleβto range from 0°to 90°across seven groups,and assignedωvalues of 0°and 90°in two separate groups.The results show that the peak strength is negatively correlated withβup to 45°,beyond which it tends to stabilize.The angleωexerts a strengthening effect on the peak strength.Deformation mainly occurs post-peak,with the strain values ε_(1) and ε_(3) reaching levels 2−3 times higher than those in intact rock.The structural plane significantly influences failure mode whenω=0°,while failure localizes near the σ_(3) surface of the specimens whenω=90°.The findings enhance data on structural plane rocks under triaxial compression and inform theoretical research,excavation,and support design of rock structures.展开更多
BACKGROUND Chest physiotherapy and incentive spirometry,essential for pulmonary care,can exacerbate acute post-thoracotomy pain.Pain relief is,therefore,essential to facilitate early mobilization.This study evaluated ...BACKGROUND Chest physiotherapy and incentive spirometry,essential for pulmonary care,can exacerbate acute post-thoracotomy pain.Pain relief is,therefore,essential to facilitate early mobilization.This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy of unilateral continuous erector spinae block(ESB)compared to thoracic epidural analgesia(TEA)in terms of quality of pain relief and perioperative hemodynamic changes.AIM To compare the analgesic efficacy of continuous ultrasound-guided unilateral ESB and thoracic epidural in patients undergoing antero-lateral thoracotomy.METHODS This prospective,observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital of central India.Sixty-eight adult patients of either gender,posted for elective thoracic surgeries requiring one lung ventilation,were allocated to either TEA(n=34)or ESB(n=34)group,based on the attending anesthesiologist’s expertise.Continuous data were analyzed by independent t-tests,and categorical data byχ2 tests.RESULTS The proportion of patients requiring rescue opioids within 24 hours post-extubation was similar between the two group.Resting numerical rating scale scores(0 hour,6 hours,and 72 hours post-extubation)were significantly higher in the ESB group compared to the TEA group[1.70±1.03 vs 1.05±0.77(P=0.004);1.64±0.98 vs 1.2±0.88(P=0.05);3.2±1.07 vs 2.61±0.92(P=0.013)].Dynamic numerical rating scale scores and post-extubation mean arterial pressures were also higher in the ESB group.Additionally,block performance time was significantly longer in the ESB group(16.58±3.66 vs 13.84±2.88,P=0.001).CONCLUSION The two techniques provided similar opioid-sparing effects following antero-lateral thoracotomy,though TEA exhibited a superior analgesic efficacy at the expense of increased hemodynamic instability requiring vasopressor support.展开更多
基金supported by European Union funding(PON“Ricerca e Innovazione”2014‒2020).
文摘The issue of resistance reduction through hull ventilation is of particular interest in contemporary research.This paper presents multiphase computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulations with 2-DOF motion of a planing hull.The original hull was modified by introducing a step to allow air ventilation.Following an assessment of the hull performance,a simulation campaign in calm water was conducted to characterize the hull at various forward speeds and air insufflation rates for a defined single step geometry.Geometric analysis of the air layer thickness beneath the hull for each simulated condition was performed using a novel method for visualizing local air thickness.Additionally,two new parameters were introduced to understand the influence of spray rails on the air volume beneath the hull and to indicate the primary direction of ventilated air escape.A validation campaign and an assessment of uncertainty of the simulation has been conducted.The features offered by the CFD methodology include the evaluation of the air layer thickness as a function of hull velocity and injection flow rate and the air volume distribution beneath the hull.The air injection velocity can be adjusted across various operating conditions,thereby preventing performance or efficiency loss during navigation.Based on these findings,the study highlights the benefits of air insufflation in reducing hull resistance for high-speed planing vessels.This work lays a robust foundation for future research and new promising topics,as the exploration of air insufflation continues to be a topic of contemporary interest within naval architecture and hydrodynamics.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2022YFB2901501in part by the Science and Technology Innovation leading Talents Subsidy Project of Central Plains under Grant 244200510038.
文摘The rapid growth of distributed data-centric applications and AI workloads increases demand for low-latency,high-throughput communication,necessitating frequent and flexible updates to network routing configurations.However,maintaining consistent forwarding states during these updates is challenging,particularly when rerouting multiple flows simultaneously.Existing approaches pay little attention to multi-flow update,where improper update sequences across data plane nodes may construct deadlock dependencies.Moreover,these methods typically involve excessive control-data plane interactions,incurring significant resource overhead and performance degradation.This paper presents P4LoF,an efficient loop-free update approach that enables the controller to reroute multiple flows through minimal interactions.P4LoF first utilizes a greedy-based algorithm to generate the shortest update dependency chain for the single-flow update.These chains are then dynamically merged into a dependency graph and resolved as a Shortest Common Super-sequence(SCS)problem to produce the update sequence of multi-flow update.To address deadlock dependencies in multi-flow updates,P4LoF builds a deadlock-fix forwarding model that leverages the flexible packet processing capabilities of the programmable data plane.Experimental results show that P4LoF reduces control-data plane interactions by at least 32.6%with modest overhead,while effectively guaranteeing loop-free consistency.
基金approved by Institutional Review Board of Faculty of Medicine in Assiut University,No.04-2024-300470.
文摘BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affecting the alignment,such as ankle joint alignment,should be considered.AIM To determine CPAK distribution in the North African(Egyptian)population with knee osteoarthritis and to assess ankle joint line orientation(AJLO)adaptations across different CPAK types.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with primary knee osteoarthritis and normal ankle joints.Radiographic parameters included the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle,medial proximal tibial angle,and the derived calculations of joint line obliquity(JLO)and arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle(aHKA).The tibial plafond horizontal angle(TPHA)was used for AJLO assessment,where 0°is neutral(type N),<0°is varus(type A),and>0°is valgus(type B).The nine CPAK types were further divided into 27 subtypes after incorporating the three AJLO types.RESULTS A total of 527 patients(1054 knees)were included for CPAK classification,and 435 patients(870 knees and ankles)for AJLO assessment.The mean age was 57.2±7.8 years,with 79.5%females.Most knees(76.4%)demonstrated varus alignment(mean aHKA was-5.51°±4.84°)and apex distal JLO(55.3%)(mean JLO was 176.43°±4.53°).CPAK types I(44.3%),IV(28.6%),and II(10%)were the most common.Regarding AJLO,70.2%of ankles exhibited varus orientation(mean TPHA was-5.21°±6.45°).The most frequent combined subtypes were CPAK type I-A(33.7%),IV-A(21.5%),and I-N(6.9%).A significant positive correlation was found between the TPHA and aHKA(r=0.40,P<0.001).CONCLUSION In this North African cohort,varus knee alignment with apex distal JLO and varus AJLO predominated.CPAK types I,IV,and II were the most common types,while subtypes I-A,IV-A,and I-N were commonly occurring after incorporating AJLO types;furthermore,the AJLO was significantly correlated to aHKA.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.E2024209118,B2022209026)Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Funding Program(No.246Z4414G)+2 种基金Key Research Project Focused on Basic Research of Hebei Province Education Department(No.JZX2024026)Science and Technology Planning Project of Tangshan City(No.24130217C)Youth Scholars Promotion Plan of North China University of Science and Technology(No.QNTJ202309)
文摘Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages.However,the growth of dendrites on the anode and the occurrence of side reactions limits the improvement of electrochemical performance of AZIBs.The alloying of zinc anode effectively alleviates above problems,which is beneficial to the long-term cycle performance of AZIBs.In this study,zinc-copper alloy anode(Cu@Zn)was synthesized by melting method.The method is not only simple and easy to operate,but also can make the synthesized anode Cu element uniform distribution and improve the corrosion resistance of the anode.At the same time,the Cu@Zn surface reconstructed has a large proportion of Zn(002)crystal surface exposure,with the zinc affinity of Cu.Both of them can induce the uniform deposition of Zn2+ions along the Zn(002)crystal plane,further inhibiting the growth of dendrite.The Cu@Zn//Cu@Zn symmetrical batteries can cycle more than 1000 times at current densities of 0.3 and 1.2 mA cm^(-2),and maintain a relatively low hysteresis voltage.And the discharge capacity retention rate of Cu@Zn//MnO_(2)maintains 84.64%at 2.0 A g^(-1)after 1000 cycles.This study provides a new methodological reference for the development of advanced AZIBs anodes.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52004143 and 52374095)the open fund for the Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines (Grant No.SKLMRDPC21KF06).
文摘A series of true triaxial unloading tests are conducted on sandstone specimens with a single structural plane to investigate their mechanical behaviors and failure characteristics under different in situ stress states.The experimental results indicate that the dip angle of structural plane(θ)and the intermediate principal stress(σ2)have an important influence on the peak strength,cracking mode,and rockburst severity.The peak strength exhibits a first increase and then decrease as a function ofσ2 for a constantθ.However,whenσ2 is constant,the maximum peak strength is obtained atθof 90°,and the minimum peak strength is obtained atθof 30°or 45°.For the case of an inclined structural plane,the crack type at the tips of structural plane transforms from a mix of wing and anti-wing cracks to wing cracks with an increase inσ2,while the crack type around the tips of structural plane is always anti-wing cracks for the vertical structural plane,accompanied by a series of tensile cracks besides.The specimens with structural plane do not undergo slabbing failure regardless ofθ,and always exhibit composite tensile-shear failure whatever theσ2 value is.With an increase inσ2 andθ,the intensity of the rockburst is consistent with the tendency of the peak strength.By analyzing the relationship between the cohesion(c),internal friction angle(φ),andθin sandstone specimens,we incorporateθinto the true triaxial unloading strength criterion,and propose a modified linear Mogi-Coulomb criterion.Moreover,the crack propagation mechanism at the tips of structural plane,and closure degree of the structural plane under true triaxial unloading conditions are also discussed and summarized.This study provides theoretical guidance for stability assessment of surrounding rocks containing geological structures in deep complex stress environments.
基金supported by the Swedish Energy Agency(P47500-1)the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0710200)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378401 and U22A20416)the financial support from STINT(CH2019-8287)financial support from the European Union and Swedish Energy Agency(P2020-90066).
文摘The catalytic oxidation of HMF involves a cascading reaction with multiple intermediate products,making it crucial to enhance the oriented adsorption capacity of specific functional groups for accelerating the entire process.To achieve the efficient selective oxidation of HMF to FDCA,a series of NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalysts with different morphologies,such as flaky,echinoids,pompon and corolla,were prepared and characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,BET,XPS,and FTIR.Among the four catalysts,flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)exhibited the most excellent catalytic activity and stability,with a FDCA yield of 60.1%within 12 h at 80℃without alkali participation.The excellent performance of flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalyst is attributed to the oxygen vacancies and acid sites generated by the exposed(400)facets.The oxygen vacancies and acid sites on the catalyst surface can precisely adsorb-CHO and-CH_(2)-OH of HMF,respectively,and this synergistic effect promotes the efficient production of FDCA.This work is of great significance for fundamentally study the effect of micro-topography or crystal-plane reaction properties on surfaces.
文摘AT No.1 Xiaofenqiao,Guangzhou Road,Nanjing,a grey-brick Western-style villa stands quietly in the green shade of dense plane trees.When the breeze stirs the leaves,they rustle as if whispering old stories.The two-story house was the former residence of John Rabe(1882-1950),representative of German Siemens China Co.in Nanjing.
文摘The design of customized crystal plane heterojunction can effectively leverage the optimal anisotropic interaction of crystal plane,thereby enhancing photocatalytic activity.In this study,Co_(3)O_(4) exposed(111),(110),and(100)crystal planes(designated as HCO,NCO,and CCO,respectively)were synthesized and successfully coupled with Cd_(0.5)Zn_(0.5)S(CZS).Among these composites,the HCO/CZS exhibited best hydrogen evolution activity.In conjunction with DFT calculations and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy,it has been found that:the crystal plane interaction between HCO and CZS enabled the composite catalyst to exhibit optimal anisotropy in crystal plane carrier transport,crystal plane active sites,and crystal plane electronic structure.This interaction induces a redistribution of electrons at their contact interface,thereby establishing a built-in electric field that facilitates the formation of ohmic heterojunction between HCO and CZS.The synergistic effect of the ohmic heterojunction and crystal plane anisotropy not only decreases the Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption but also facilitates the efficient spatial separation and rapid transfer of electron-hole pairs.This study offers valuable insights into the customization of crystal plane heterojunctions,aiming to maximize anisotropic interactions between crystal planes in order to enhance photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
文摘The prediction of the fracture plane orientation in fatigue is a scientific topic and remains relevant for every type of material. However, in this work, we compared the orientation of the fracture plane obtained experimentally through tests on specimens under multiaxial loading with that calculated by the variance method. In the statistical approach criteria, several methods have been developed but we have presented only one method, namely the variance method using the equivalent stress. She assumes that the fracture plane orientation is the one on which the variance of the equivalent stress is maximum. Three types of equivalent stress are defined for this method [1]: normal stress, shear stress and combined normal and shear stress. The results obtained were compared with experimental results for multiaxial cyclic stress states, and it emerges that the variance method for the case of combined loading is conservative as it gives a better prediction of the fracture plane.
文摘Laparoscopic imaging has advanced significantly,with higher resolutions like 4K,and innovative light modes such as narrow band imaging and near-infrared imaging.Recently,yellow enhancement(YE)mode has emerged as a novel tool that enhances the pale-yellow colour of fat into a fluorescent yellow-green,improving contrast without the need for injected dyes.It can be toggled on and off easily during surgery.YE is still under evaluation,but early experience suggests it helps surgeons differentiate anatomical planes and key intraabdominal structures from surrounding adipose tissue.This is particularly useful in:(1)Dissecting structures surrounded or covered by fat;and(2)operating on patients with obesity,where excess intra-abdominal fat limits visualisation and retraction.By enhancing the visibility of vascular pedicles,ureters,and nerves,YE enables more precise dissections and may reduce the risk of accidental injury.It can also assist less experienced surgeons in identifying important structures,potentially improving efficiency and surgical outcomes.As a training tool,YE may shorten the learning curve,though further study is needed.Overall,YE offers potential benefits in fat-dense surgical fields by improving visualisation,reducing complications,and enhancing patient safety.
文摘The FAST radio telescope has significantly better sensitivity than any other current radio telescope.Consequently,FAST has discovered over a thousand new pulsars in sky regions already searched for 50 yr.The Galactic Plane Pulsar Snapshot(GPPS)survey found three-quarters of these new pulsars.The article by Han et al.(2025)details the latest batch of 473 discoveries,bringing the total to 751.
文摘In this study,we design and numerically investigate a novel all optical D flip-flop(AODFF)based on linear photonic crystal(LPhC)structure that is composed of optical waveguides using the finite difference time domain(FDTD)method.The proposed structure has the hexagonal close packed of 16×20 circular rods that are suspended in the air substrate with a lattice constant of 606 nm.The plane wave expansion(PWE)method is used to obtain the band diagram for AODFF at an operating wavelength of 1550 nm.The proposed optical flip-flop achieves a low delay time of 0.2 ps and a high contrast ratio(CR)of 10.33 dB.The main advantage of this design is that the input power as low as 1 mW/μm^(2) is sufficient for its operation,since no nonlinear rods are included.In addition,the footprint of the proposed AODFF is 100μm^(2),which is smaller compared to the structures reported in the literature,and it has a fast switching frequency of 5 Tbit/s.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62475121 and 62335012)。
文摘A scheme based on irregular V-shaped silicon nanoantennas is proposed to optimize transverse unidirectional scattering under plane wave irradiation.Traditional methods of designing regular shapes offer fewer parameters and higher search efficiency.However,due to the limitations of regular shapes,it is challenging to meet high-precision design requirements.Irregular shape design allows for a broader range of adjustments,but the complexity of shape parameters leads to lower search efficiency and a higher likelihood of converging to local optima.
文摘Satellites in LEO (Low Earth Orbits) are closest to the Earth’s surface, having the smallest coverage area compared to other orbits, depending on altitude and elevation angle, and providing relatively too short visibility and communication duration, in range of (2 - 15) minutes. Communication duration represents the key performance indicator for LEO satellite communication systems. For longer communication sessions, more satellites must be involved, and the signals must be handed over from one satellite to the next to provide uninterrupted real-time services to the appropriate user or ground station. This leads to the concept and structure of the satellites organized in the constellation. Communication window (visibility window) depends on the designed horizon plane width determined by licensed elevation angle. For the appropriate calculations, a satellite from the Starlink constellation at altitude of 550 km is considered, observed under licensed designed elevations of 40˚ and 25˚. Calculations under two designed elevation levels confirmed the wider horizon and consequently longer communication under the lower elevation.
文摘BACKGROUND The dexmedetomidine(DEX)plus ropivacaine treatment enables a transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)of the peripheral nerves in patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer(CRC)that can provide clinical data for improving the postoperative analgesic effect,reducing the risk of cognitive impairment,and decreasing the circulating levels of serum inflammatory factors and stress hormones.AIM To assess the impact of DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB on pain,postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD),and inflammatory/stress factors.METHODS Our patient cohort was randomly divided into control and observation groups(60/group).The observation group used a DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB,while the control group employed a ropivacaine-enabled TAPB.The pain score[Visual Analogy Scale(VAS),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)],serum inflammatory factor level(C-reactive protein,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α),serum stress hormone levels(cortisol and adrenaline)and postoperative adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The observation group VAS scores were lower than those of the control group(better analgesic effect,P<0.05).The MoCA and POCD scores decreased post-surgery in the observation group(P<0.05).In the elderly,the overall VAS and MoCA scores were significantly reduced compared with the young group.The C-reactive protein,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,cortisol and adrenaline levels were lower in the observation group compared with the control group post-surgery(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups post-surgery,but the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was still lower.DEX continuously inhibited p65-phosphorylation levels in the nuclear factorκB pathway at multiple time points,and its inhibitory effect became more significant over time.CONCLUSION DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB reduces POCD and inflammatory/stress hormone levels,and significantly improves the postoperative analgesic effect of patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer.
基金the financial support from Intergovernmental International Science and Technology Innovation Cooperation Key Project(2022YFE0128400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(42307209)+2 种基金Shanghai Pujiang Program(2022PJD076)State Energy Center for Shale Oil Research and Development(33550000-22-ZC0613-0365)Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(No.2024-ZJ-717).
文摘Shale oil reservoir is generally characterized by well-developed bedding planes,and multi-cluster fracturing is the most effective technique to achieve stable shale oil production.In this paper,a multi-cluster fracturing model for a horizontal well in shale with high-density bedding planes is established.The fracture morphology,fracture geometry,fracturing area and multiple fracture propagation mechanism are analyzed under simultaneous fracturing,sequential fracturing,and alternative fracturing.Results show that in the case of small cluster spacing and three clusters,the growth of the middle fracture is inhibited and develops along the bedding planes under both simultaneous fracturing and alternative fracturing.For sequential fracturing,the increase in the interval time between each fracturing advances the post fracturing fracture deflecting to the pre-existing fractures through the bedding planes.The reactivation of the bedding planes can promote the extension of the fracturing area.Increasing the injection rate and the number of clusters promotes the activation of bedding planes.However,it is preferable to reduce the number of clusters to obtain more main fractures.Compared with modified alternating fracturing and cyclic alternating fracturing,alternating shut-in fracturing creates more main fractures towards the direction of the maximum in-situ stress.The fracturing efficiency for high-density layered shale is ranked as simultaneous fracturing>alternative fracturing>sequential fracturing.
文摘In this paper,we establish a stability estimate for the isoperimetric inequality of horospherically convex domains in hyperbolic plane.This estimate involves a relationship between the Hausdorff distance to a geodesic ball and the deficit in the isoperimetric inequality,where the coefficient of the deficit is a universal constant.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB2901304)。
文摘Software-Defined Perimeter(SDP)provides a logical perimeter to restrict access to services.However,due to the security vulnerability of a single controller and the programmability lack of a gateway,existing SDP is facing challenges.To solve the above problems,we propose a flexible and secure SDP mechanism named Mimic SDP(MSDP).MSDP consists of endogenous secure controllers and a dynamic gateway.The controllers avoid single point failure by heterogeneity and redundancy.And the dynamic gateway realizes flexible forwarding in programmable data plane by changing the processing of packet construction and deconstruction,thereby confusing the potential adversary.Besides,we propose a Markov model to evaluate the security of our SDP framework.We implement a prototype of MSDP and evaluate it in terms of functionality,performance,and scalability in different groups of systems and languages.Evaluation results demonstrate that MSDP can provide a secure connection of 93.38%with a cost of 6.34%under reasonable configuration.
基金Projects(51979268,52279117,52309146)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(SKLGME-JBGS2401)supported by the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,China。
文摘The spatial relationship between structural planes and principal stresses significantly affects the mechanical properties of deep hard rock.This paper examines the effect of the loading angle under true triaxial compression.While previous studies focused on the angleβbetween the maximum principal stress and the structural plane,the role of angleω,between the intermediate principal stress and the structural plane,is often overlooked.Utilizing artificially prefabricated granite specimens with a single non-penetrating structural plane,we set the loading angleβto range from 0°to 90°across seven groups,and assignedωvalues of 0°and 90°in two separate groups.The results show that the peak strength is negatively correlated withβup to 45°,beyond which it tends to stabilize.The angleωexerts a strengthening effect on the peak strength.Deformation mainly occurs post-peak,with the strain values ε_(1) and ε_(3) reaching levels 2−3 times higher than those in intact rock.The structural plane significantly influences failure mode whenω=0°,while failure localizes near the σ_(3) surface of the specimens whenω=90°.The findings enhance data on structural plane rocks under triaxial compression and inform theoretical research,excavation,and support design of rock structures.
文摘BACKGROUND Chest physiotherapy and incentive spirometry,essential for pulmonary care,can exacerbate acute post-thoracotomy pain.Pain relief is,therefore,essential to facilitate early mobilization.This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy of unilateral continuous erector spinae block(ESB)compared to thoracic epidural analgesia(TEA)in terms of quality of pain relief and perioperative hemodynamic changes.AIM To compare the analgesic efficacy of continuous ultrasound-guided unilateral ESB and thoracic epidural in patients undergoing antero-lateral thoracotomy.METHODS This prospective,observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital of central India.Sixty-eight adult patients of either gender,posted for elective thoracic surgeries requiring one lung ventilation,were allocated to either TEA(n=34)or ESB(n=34)group,based on the attending anesthesiologist’s expertise.Continuous data were analyzed by independent t-tests,and categorical data byχ2 tests.RESULTS The proportion of patients requiring rescue opioids within 24 hours post-extubation was similar between the two group.Resting numerical rating scale scores(0 hour,6 hours,and 72 hours post-extubation)were significantly higher in the ESB group compared to the TEA group[1.70±1.03 vs 1.05±0.77(P=0.004);1.64±0.98 vs 1.2±0.88(P=0.05);3.2±1.07 vs 2.61±0.92(P=0.013)].Dynamic numerical rating scale scores and post-extubation mean arterial pressures were also higher in the ESB group.Additionally,block performance time was significantly longer in the ESB group(16.58±3.66 vs 13.84±2.88,P=0.001).CONCLUSION The two techniques provided similar opioid-sparing effects following antero-lateral thoracotomy,though TEA exhibited a superior analgesic efficacy at the expense of increased hemodynamic instability requiring vasopressor support.
