The indirect boundary element method (IBEM) is used to study the surface motion of an alluvial valley in layered half-space for incident plane P-waves based on Wolf’s theory. Firstly, the free field response can be s...The indirect boundary element method (IBEM) is used to study the surface motion of an alluvial valley in layered half-space for incident plane P-waves based on Wolf’s theory. Firstly, the free field response can be solved by the direct stiffness method, and the scattering wave response is calculated by Green’s functions of distributed loads acting on inclined lines in a layered half-space. The method is verified by comparing its results with literature and numerical analyses are performed by taking the amplification of incident plane P-waves by an alluvial valley in one soil layer resting on bedrock as an example. The results show that there exist distinct differences between the wave amplification by an alluvial valley embedded in layered half-space and that in homogeneous half-space and there is interaction between the valley and the soil layer. The amplitudes are relatively large when incident frequencies are close to the soil layer’s resonant frequencies.展开更多
Scattering and Diffraction of elastic in-plane P-and SV-waves by a surface topography such as an elastic canyon at the surface of a half-space is a classical problem which has been studied by earthquake engineers and ...Scattering and Diffraction of elastic in-plane P-and SV-waves by a surface topography such as an elastic canyon at the surface of a half-space is a classical problem which has been studied by earthquake engineers and strong-motion seismologists for over forty years. The case of out-of-plane SH waves on the same elastic canyon that is semi-circular in shape on the half-space surface is the first such problem that was solved by analytic closed form solutions over forty years ago by Trifunac. The corresponding case of in-plane P-and SV-waves on the same circular canyon is a much more complicated problem because, the in-plane P-and SV-scattered waves have different wave speeds and together they must have zero normal and shear stresses at the half-space surface. It is not until recently in 2014 that analytic solution for such problem is found by the author in the work of Lee and Liu. This paper uses the technique of Lee and Liu of defining these stress-free scattered waves to solve the problem of the scattered and diffraction of these in-plane waves on an almost-circular surface canyon that is arbitrary in shape.展开更多
The Cooling-Storage-Ring External-target Experiment(CEE)at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL)is designed to study the properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies from a...The Cooling-Storage-Ring External-target Experiment(CEE)at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL)is designed to study the properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies from a few hundred MeV/u up to 1 GeV/u.It aims to facilitate research on the quantum chromodynamics(QCD)phase structure in the high-baryondensity region.Collective flow is a fundamental observable in heavy-ion collision experiments,providing information on the bulk properties of the produced matter.Although the standard event plane method has been widely used to measure collective flow,it is still important to validate and optimize this method for the CEE spectrometer.In this paper,we study the experimental procedures for measuring directed flow in^(238)U+^(238)U collisions at 500 MeV/u,using event planes reconstructed by Multi-Wire Drift Chamber and Zero Degree Calorimeter,respectively.Jet AA Microscopic(JAM)transport generator is used to generate events,and the detector response is simulated by the CEE Fast Simulation(CFS)package.Finally,the optimal kinematic region for proton directed flow measurements is discussed for the future CEE experiment.展开更多
BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affectin...BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affecting the alignment,such as ankle joint alignment,should be considered.AIM To determine CPAK distribution in the North African(Egyptian)population with knee osteoarthritis and to assess ankle joint line orientation(AJLO)adaptations across different CPAK types.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with primary knee osteoarthritis and normal ankle joints.Radiographic parameters included the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle,medial proximal tibial angle,and the derived calculations of joint line obliquity(JLO)and arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle(aHKA).The tibial plafond horizontal angle(TPHA)was used for AJLO assessment,where 0°is neutral(type N),<0°is varus(type A),and>0°is valgus(type B).The nine CPAK types were further divided into 27 subtypes after incorporating the three AJLO types.RESULTS A total of 527 patients(1054 knees)were included for CPAK classification,and 435 patients(870 knees and ankles)for AJLO assessment.The mean age was 57.2±7.8 years,with 79.5%females.Most knees(76.4%)demonstrated varus alignment(mean aHKA was-5.51°±4.84°)and apex distal JLO(55.3%)(mean JLO was 176.43°±4.53°).CPAK types I(44.3%),IV(28.6%),and II(10%)were the most common.Regarding AJLO,70.2%of ankles exhibited varus orientation(mean TPHA was-5.21°±6.45°).The most frequent combined subtypes were CPAK type I-A(33.7%),IV-A(21.5%),and I-N(6.9%).A significant positive correlation was found between the TPHA and aHKA(r=0.40,P<0.001).CONCLUSION In this North African cohort,varus knee alignment with apex distal JLO and varus AJLO predominated.CPAK types I,IV,and II were the most common types,while subtypes I-A,IV-A,and I-N were commonly occurring after incorporating AJLO types;furthermore,the AJLO was significantly correlated to aHKA.展开更多
Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages.However,the growth of dendrites on the anode and the occurrence of side reactions limits the improvement of electroch...Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages.However,the growth of dendrites on the anode and the occurrence of side reactions limits the improvement of electrochemical performance of AZIBs.The alloying of zinc anode effectively alleviates above problems,which is beneficial to the long-term cycle performance of AZIBs.In this study,zinc-copper alloy anode(Cu@Zn)was synthesized by melting method.The method is not only simple and easy to operate,but also can make the synthesized anode Cu element uniform distribution and improve the corrosion resistance of the anode.At the same time,the Cu@Zn surface reconstructed has a large proportion of Zn(002)crystal surface exposure,with the zinc affinity of Cu.Both of them can induce the uniform deposition of Zn2+ions along the Zn(002)crystal plane,further inhibiting the growth of dendrite.The Cu@Zn//Cu@Zn symmetrical batteries can cycle more than 1000 times at current densities of 0.3 and 1.2 mA cm^(-2),and maintain a relatively low hysteresis voltage.And the discharge capacity retention rate of Cu@Zn//MnO_(2)maintains 84.64%at 2.0 A g^(-1)after 1000 cycles.This study provides a new methodological reference for the development of advanced AZIBs anodes.展开更多
The catalytic oxidation of HMF involves a cascading reaction with multiple intermediate products,making it crucial to enhance the oriented adsorption capacity of specific functional groups for accelerating the entire ...The catalytic oxidation of HMF involves a cascading reaction with multiple intermediate products,making it crucial to enhance the oriented adsorption capacity of specific functional groups for accelerating the entire process.To achieve the efficient selective oxidation of HMF to FDCA,a series of NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalysts with different morphologies,such as flaky,echinoids,pompon and corolla,were prepared and characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,BET,XPS,and FTIR.Among the four catalysts,flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)exhibited the most excellent catalytic activity and stability,with a FDCA yield of 60.1%within 12 h at 80℃without alkali participation.The excellent performance of flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalyst is attributed to the oxygen vacancies and acid sites generated by the exposed(400)facets.The oxygen vacancies and acid sites on the catalyst surface can precisely adsorb-CHO and-CH_(2)-OH of HMF,respectively,and this synergistic effect promotes the efficient production of FDCA.This work is of great significance for fundamentally study the effect of micro-topography or crystal-plane reaction properties on surfaces.展开更多
A series of true triaxial unloading tests are conducted on sandstone specimens with a single structural plane to investigate their mechanical behaviors and failure characteristics under different in situ stress states...A series of true triaxial unloading tests are conducted on sandstone specimens with a single structural plane to investigate their mechanical behaviors and failure characteristics under different in situ stress states.The experimental results indicate that the dip angle of structural plane(θ)and the intermediate principal stress(σ2)have an important influence on the peak strength,cracking mode,and rockburst severity.The peak strength exhibits a first increase and then decrease as a function ofσ2 for a constantθ.However,whenσ2 is constant,the maximum peak strength is obtained atθof 90°,and the minimum peak strength is obtained atθof 30°or 45°.For the case of an inclined structural plane,the crack type at the tips of structural plane transforms from a mix of wing and anti-wing cracks to wing cracks with an increase inσ2,while the crack type around the tips of structural plane is always anti-wing cracks for the vertical structural plane,accompanied by a series of tensile cracks besides.The specimens with structural plane do not undergo slabbing failure regardless ofθ,and always exhibit composite tensile-shear failure whatever theσ2 value is.With an increase inσ2 andθ,the intensity of the rockburst is consistent with the tendency of the peak strength.By analyzing the relationship between the cohesion(c),internal friction angle(φ),andθin sandstone specimens,we incorporateθinto the true triaxial unloading strength criterion,and propose a modified linear Mogi-Coulomb criterion.Moreover,the crack propagation mechanism at the tips of structural plane,and closure degree of the structural plane under true triaxial unloading conditions are also discussed and summarized.This study provides theoretical guidance for stability assessment of surrounding rocks containing geological structures in deep complex stress environments.展开更多
The prediction of the fracture plane orientation in fatigue is a scientific topic and remains relevant for every type of material. However, in this work, we compared the orientation of the fracture plane obtained expe...The prediction of the fracture plane orientation in fatigue is a scientific topic and remains relevant for every type of material. However, in this work, we compared the orientation of the fracture plane obtained experimentally through tests on specimens under multiaxial loading with that calculated by the variance method. In the statistical approach criteria, several methods have been developed but we have presented only one method, namely the variance method using the equivalent stress. She assumes that the fracture plane orientation is the one on which the variance of the equivalent stress is maximum. Three types of equivalent stress are defined for this method [1]: normal stress, shear stress and combined normal and shear stress. The results obtained were compared with experimental results for multiaxial cyclic stress states, and it emerges that the variance method for the case of combined loading is conservative as it gives a better prediction of the fracture plane.展开更多
A P-wave velocity model was built in the central southern of the Tanlu Fault based on double-difference tomography.The results suggest the presence of a low-velocity anomaly extending from the surface to a depth of 25...A P-wave velocity model was built in the central southern of the Tanlu Fault based on double-difference tomography.The results suggest the presence of a low-velocity anomaly extending from the surface to a depth of 25 km around the Tanlu and Feixi Faults,representing fault-related fluids caused by partial melting.The relocated earthquakes indicate a significant concentration of seismic activity above 20 km around the Tanlu and Feixi Faults,suggesting that prominent fault systems possibly serve as conduits for the upward migration of deep minerals.The proposed geodynamic model,supported by geological and geophysical data,suggests that the migration of deep mineralized materials extends along the Tanlu Fault.The obtained results serve as a crucial foundation for elucidating the intricate process of mineralization in the central southern segment of the Tanlu Fault,thereby enhancing comprehension regarding the interaction among ore body formation,fault fluids,localized melting,and seismic activity.展开更多
In this paper,we establish a stability estimate for the isoperimetric inequality of horospherically convex domains in hyperbolic plane.This estimate involves a relationship between the Hausdorff distance to a geodesic...In this paper,we establish a stability estimate for the isoperimetric inequality of horospherically convex domains in hyperbolic plane.This estimate involves a relationship between the Hausdorff distance to a geodesic ball and the deficit in the isoperimetric inequality,where the coefficient of the deficit is a universal constant.展开更多
Uniform deposition is a promising strategy to inhibit dendrite growth and corrosion of the Zn anode in cost-effective energy storage systems:aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs).Herein,we report a regulating Zn^(2+)ions di...Uniform deposition is a promising strategy to inhibit dendrite growth and corrosion of the Zn anode in cost-effective energy storage systems:aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs).Herein,we report a regulating Zn^(2+)ions dissolution/deposition method for achieving a highly reversible Zn anode.11-mercaptoundecanoic acid(MUA)as ligands was utilized to protect the(002)plane,benefiting from the strong affinity between the thiol group and Zn,with MUA anchoring in the form of Zn-S-RCOOH,which contributes to a stable interface for uniform deposition/deposition.展开更多
Breast augmentation with implants is a popular cosmetic surgery that enhances breast volume and contour through various placement planes.In this review,we examine the impact of subglandular,subpectoral,and subfascial ...Breast augmentation with implants is a popular cosmetic surgery that enhances breast volume and contour through various placement planes.In this review,we examine the impact of subglandular,subpectoral,and subfascial implant planes on postoperative outcomes and complication rates.Subglandular placement offers simplicity but is associated with higher risks of capsular contracture,hematoma,and rippling in patients with low tissue coverage.The subpectoral plane,widely adopted for its natural appearance and reduced capsular contracture risk,may cause dynamic deformity due to muscle contraction.Although technically challenging,the subfascial plane combines the benefits of soft tissue support and reduced implant displacement.We highlight the importance of choosing an optimal implant plane tailored to each patient’s anatomical and aesthetic needs to enhance surgical outcomes and minimize complications.Further research is needed to validate long-term efficacy,particularly for subfascial placement.展开更多
BACKGROUND The dexmedetomidine(DEX)plus ropivacaine treatment enables a transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)of the peripheral nerves in patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer(CRC)that can provi...BACKGROUND The dexmedetomidine(DEX)plus ropivacaine treatment enables a transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)of the peripheral nerves in patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer(CRC)that can provide clinical data for improving the postoperative analgesic effect,reducing the risk of cognitive impairment,and decreasing the circulating levels of serum inflammatory factors and stress hormones.AIM To assess the impact of DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB on pain,postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD),and inflammatory/stress factors.METHODS Our patient cohort was randomly divided into control and observation groups(60/group).The observation group used a DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB,while the control group employed a ropivacaine-enabled TAPB.The pain score[Visual Analogy Scale(VAS),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)],serum inflammatory factor level(C-reactive protein,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α),serum stress hormone levels(cortisol and adrenaline)and postoperative adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The observation group VAS scores were lower than those of the control group(better analgesic effect,P<0.05).The MoCA and POCD scores decreased post-surgery in the observation group(P<0.05).In the elderly,the overall VAS and MoCA scores were significantly reduced compared with the young group.The C-reactive protein,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,cortisol and adrenaline levels were lower in the observation group compared with the control group post-surgery(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups post-surgery,but the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was still lower.DEX continuously inhibited p65-phosphorylation levels in the nuclear factorκB pathway at multiple time points,and its inhibitory effect became more significant over time.CONCLUSION DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB reduces POCD and inflammatory/stress hormone levels,and significantly improves the postoperative analgesic effect of patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer.展开更多
In recent years,the world has seen an exponential increase in energy demand,prompting scientists to look for innovative ways to exploit the power sun’s power.Solar energy technologies use the sun’s energy and light ...In recent years,the world has seen an exponential increase in energy demand,prompting scientists to look for innovative ways to exploit the power sun’s power.Solar energy technologies use the sun’s energy and light to provide heating,lighting,hot water,electricity and even cooling for homes,businesses,and industries.Therefore,ground-level solar radiation data is important for these applications.Thus,our work aims to use a mathematical modeling tool to predict solar irradiation.For this purpose,we are interested in the application of the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System.Through this type of artificial neural system,10 models were developed,based on meteorological data such as the Day number(Nj),Ambient temperature(T),Relative Humidity(Hr),Wind speed(WS),Wind direction(WD),Declination(δ),Irradiation outside the atmosphere(Goh),Maximum temperature(Tmax),Minimum temperature(Tmin).These models have been tested by different static indicators to choose the most suitable one for the estimation of the daily global solar radiation.This study led us to choose the M8 model,which takes Nj,T,Hr,δ,Ws,Wd,G0,and S0 as input variables because it presents the best performance either in the learning phase(R^(2)=0.981,RMSE=0.107 kW/m^(2),MAE=0.089 kW/m2)or in the validation phase(R^(2)=0.979,RMSE=0.117 kW/m^(2),MAE=0.101 kW/m^(2)).展开更多
The spatial relationship between structural planes and principal stresses significantly affects the mechanical properties of deep hard rock.This paper examines the effect of the loading angle under true triaxial compr...The spatial relationship between structural planes and principal stresses significantly affects the mechanical properties of deep hard rock.This paper examines the effect of the loading angle under true triaxial compression.While previous studies focused on the angleβbetween the maximum principal stress and the structural plane,the role of angleω,between the intermediate principal stress and the structural plane,is often overlooked.Utilizing artificially prefabricated granite specimens with a single non-penetrating structural plane,we set the loading angleβto range from 0°to 90°across seven groups,and assignedωvalues of 0°and 90°in two separate groups.The results show that the peak strength is negatively correlated withβup to 45°,beyond which it tends to stabilize.The angleωexerts a strengthening effect on the peak strength.Deformation mainly occurs post-peak,with the strain values ε_(1) and ε_(3) reaching levels 2−3 times higher than those in intact rock.The structural plane significantly influences failure mode whenω=0°,while failure localizes near the σ_(3) surface of the specimens whenω=90°.The findings enhance data on structural plane rocks under triaxial compression and inform theoretical research,excavation,and support design of rock structures.展开更多
A solution for the lithospheric deformation of a uniform,elastically isotropic layer(EIL)of uniform thickness welded with a uniform,elastically orthotropic half-space(EOHS)due to a vertical tensile line fault(VTLF)wit...A solution for the lithospheric deformation of a uniform,elastically isotropic layer(EIL)of uniform thickness welded with a uniform,elastically orthotropic half-space(EOHS)due to a vertical tensile line fault(VTLF)with an opening in the horizontal direction located in the isotropic layer is derived in the integral form by employing Airy’s stress function approach for the plane strain case.The linear combination of exponential terms appearing in the denominator of the integral expressions of the deformation field of the EIL is expressed as a finite sum of exponential terms(FSET)by applying the method of least squares to analytically compute the deformation field.The displacement field is discussed in detail and computed numerically by considering the EOHS as olivine or barytes material or considering half-space to be isotropic.展开更多
Oxygen evolution reaction(OER) is one of the most important half-reactions related to metal-air batteries,fuel cells, and water-splitting. Due to the sluggish kinetic and multi-electron transfer, catalysts appear to b...Oxygen evolution reaction(OER) is one of the most important half-reactions related to metal-air batteries,fuel cells, and water-splitting. Due to the sluggish kinetic and multi-electron transfer, catalysts appear to be particularly important for the OER. Knowing the reaction mechanism is fundamental to developing new catalysts and improving OER efficiency. In this work, phase transition and atomic reconstruction on Co O(111) plane were revealed through ex-situ diffraction methods and X-ray absorption spectroscopy.At the same time, the electronic state evolution of Co(Ⅱ)/Co(Ⅲ) during the OER process has also been concluded by analyzing the magnetic properties. This work shows that during the OER process, Co(Ⅲ)experiences surface electron rearrangement from IS(intermediate-spin state) to LS(low-spin state) and then returns to IS/HS(high-spin state) under high voltage region. This work provides a new view to reveal the reaction mechanism through the magnetic property and it can be extended to more magnetic 3d transition metals for future catalyst design.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)are promising for grid-scale energy storage,but their practical application is hindered by limited cycling life and inferior low-temperature performance,primarily due to Zn dendrite g...Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)are promising for grid-scale energy storage,but their practical application is hindered by limited cycling life and inferior low-temperature performance,primarily due to Zn dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the electrolyte-electrode interface.To address these challenges,we develop a new and cheap hydrated eutectic electrolyte(HEE)composed of ZnCl_(2),choline chloride(ChCl),and H_(2)O,which can fundamentally tune desirable interface chemistries for dendrite-free and low-temperature ZMBs.The optimized HEE with a solvation structure of ZnCl_(3)(ChCl)(H_(2)O)_(2) shows a high co nductivity of 15.98 mS cm^(-1)and excellent freeze resistance below-40℃.It has been found that hydrogen bonding between ChCl and H_(2)O effectively reduces water activity,while preferential adsorption of ChCl molecules at the inner Helmholtz plane promotes the formation of a protective solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on Zn metal anodes,which greatly suppresses the dendrites and side reactions.Therefore,the HEE endows the as-fabricated Zn//Zn symmetric cells and Zn//polyaniline full batteries with superior electrochemical performance at-40℃,such as a long cycling life of 870 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2)and a high capacity of 75 mAh g^(-1)at 0.3 A g^(-1).The HEE reported here may pave a new way to construct high-performance ZMBs for specific low-temperature application scenarios.展开更多
The effects of the inter-annealing process on the microstructure,plane stress fracture toughness,and tensile properties of an AA7075 cladding sheet were investigated using optical microscopy,scanning electron microsco...The effects of the inter-annealing process on the microstructure,plane stress fracture toughness,and tensile properties of an AA7075 cladding sheet were investigated using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,electron backscattered diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and mechanical property tests.The results indicate that the plane stress fracture toughness of AA7075-T6 cladding sheet can be greatly improved.The plane stress fracture toughness for the longitudinal-transverse(L-T)and transverse-longitudinal(T-L)directions were 117.7 and 94.8 MPa·m^(1/2),respectively,after intermediate annealing at 380°C.This represents an increase of 23.9 MPa·m^(1/2)in the L-T direction and 22.6 MPa·m^(1/2) in the T-L direction compared with the AA7075-T6 cladding sheet without intermediate annealing.Moreover,the tensile strength remains similar under different conditions.Microstructure analysis indicates that intermediate annealing before heat treatment can result in long sub-grains,few recrystallized grain boundaries,and small size precipitates in AA7075-T6 cladding sheets.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50978156 and No. 50908183)
文摘The indirect boundary element method (IBEM) is used to study the surface motion of an alluvial valley in layered half-space for incident plane P-waves based on Wolf’s theory. Firstly, the free field response can be solved by the direct stiffness method, and the scattering wave response is calculated by Green’s functions of distributed loads acting on inclined lines in a layered half-space. The method is verified by comparing its results with literature and numerical analyses are performed by taking the amplification of incident plane P-waves by an alluvial valley in one soil layer resting on bedrock as an example. The results show that there exist distinct differences between the wave amplification by an alluvial valley embedded in layered half-space and that in homogeneous half-space and there is interaction between the valley and the soil layer. The amplitudes are relatively large when incident frequencies are close to the soil layer’s resonant frequencies.
文摘Scattering and Diffraction of elastic in-plane P-and SV-waves by a surface topography such as an elastic canyon at the surface of a half-space is a classical problem which has been studied by earthquake engineers and strong-motion seismologists for over forty years. The case of out-of-plane SH waves on the same elastic canyon that is semi-circular in shape on the half-space surface is the first such problem that was solved by analytic closed form solutions over forty years ago by Trifunac. The corresponding case of in-plane P-and SV-waves on the same circular canyon is a much more complicated problem because, the in-plane P-and SV-scattered waves have different wave speeds and together they must have zero normal and shear stresses at the half-space surface. It is not until recently in 2014 that analytic solution for such problem is found by the author in the work of Lee and Liu. This paper uses the technique of Lee and Liu of defining these stress-free scattered waves to solve the problem of the scattered and diffraction of these in-plane waves on an almost-circular surface canyon that is arbitrary in shape.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2024YFA1610700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12475147)。
文摘The Cooling-Storage-Ring External-target Experiment(CEE)at the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou(HIRFL)is designed to study the properties of nuclear matter created in heavy-ion collisions at beam energies from a few hundred MeV/u up to 1 GeV/u.It aims to facilitate research on the quantum chromodynamics(QCD)phase structure in the high-baryondensity region.Collective flow is a fundamental observable in heavy-ion collision experiments,providing information on the bulk properties of the produced matter.Although the standard event plane method has been widely used to measure collective flow,it is still important to validate and optimize this method for the CEE spectrometer.In this paper,we study the experimental procedures for measuring directed flow in^(238)U+^(238)U collisions at 500 MeV/u,using event planes reconstructed by Multi-Wire Drift Chamber and Zero Degree Calorimeter,respectively.Jet AA Microscopic(JAM)transport generator is used to generate events,and the detector response is simulated by the CEE Fast Simulation(CFS)package.Finally,the optimal kinematic region for proton directed flow measurements is discussed for the future CEE experiment.
基金approved by Institutional Review Board of Faculty of Medicine in Assiut University,No.04-2024-300470.
文摘BACKGROUND In an era leaning toward a personalized alignment of total knee arthroplasty,coronal plane alignment of the knee(CPAK)phenotypes for each population are studied;furthermore,other possible variables affecting the alignment,such as ankle joint alignment,should be considered.AIM To determine CPAK distribution in the North African(Egyptian)population with knee osteoarthritis and to assess ankle joint line orientation(AJLO)adaptations across different CPAK types.METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on patients with primary knee osteoarthritis and normal ankle joints.Radiographic parameters included the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle,medial proximal tibial angle,and the derived calculations of joint line obliquity(JLO)and arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle(aHKA).The tibial plafond horizontal angle(TPHA)was used for AJLO assessment,where 0°is neutral(type N),<0°is varus(type A),and>0°is valgus(type B).The nine CPAK types were further divided into 27 subtypes after incorporating the three AJLO types.RESULTS A total of 527 patients(1054 knees)were included for CPAK classification,and 435 patients(870 knees and ankles)for AJLO assessment.The mean age was 57.2±7.8 years,with 79.5%females.Most knees(76.4%)demonstrated varus alignment(mean aHKA was-5.51°±4.84°)and apex distal JLO(55.3%)(mean JLO was 176.43°±4.53°).CPAK types I(44.3%),IV(28.6%),and II(10%)were the most common.Regarding AJLO,70.2%of ankles exhibited varus orientation(mean TPHA was-5.21°±6.45°).The most frequent combined subtypes were CPAK type I-A(33.7%),IV-A(21.5%),and I-N(6.9%).A significant positive correlation was found between the TPHA and aHKA(r=0.40,P<0.001).CONCLUSION In this North African cohort,varus knee alignment with apex distal JLO and varus AJLO predominated.CPAK types I,IV,and II were the most common types,while subtypes I-A,IV-A,and I-N were commonly occurring after incorporating AJLO types;furthermore,the AJLO was significantly correlated to aHKA.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(Nos.E2024209118,B2022209026)Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Funding Program(No.246Z4414G)+2 种基金Key Research Project Focused on Basic Research of Hebei Province Education Department(No.JZX2024026)Science and Technology Planning Project of Tangshan City(No.24130217C)Youth Scholars Promotion Plan of North China University of Science and Technology(No.QNTJ202309)
文摘Aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)have attracted widespread attention due to their unique advantages.However,the growth of dendrites on the anode and the occurrence of side reactions limits the improvement of electrochemical performance of AZIBs.The alloying of zinc anode effectively alleviates above problems,which is beneficial to the long-term cycle performance of AZIBs.In this study,zinc-copper alloy anode(Cu@Zn)was synthesized by melting method.The method is not only simple and easy to operate,but also can make the synthesized anode Cu element uniform distribution and improve the corrosion resistance of the anode.At the same time,the Cu@Zn surface reconstructed has a large proportion of Zn(002)crystal surface exposure,with the zinc affinity of Cu.Both of them can induce the uniform deposition of Zn2+ions along the Zn(002)crystal plane,further inhibiting the growth of dendrite.The Cu@Zn//Cu@Zn symmetrical batteries can cycle more than 1000 times at current densities of 0.3 and 1.2 mA cm^(-2),and maintain a relatively low hysteresis voltage.And the discharge capacity retention rate of Cu@Zn//MnO_(2)maintains 84.64%at 2.0 A g^(-1)after 1000 cycles.This study provides a new methodological reference for the development of advanced AZIBs anodes.
基金supported by the Swedish Energy Agency(P47500-1)the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFA0710200)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378401 and U22A20416)the financial support from STINT(CH2019-8287)financial support from the European Union and Swedish Energy Agency(P2020-90066).
文摘The catalytic oxidation of HMF involves a cascading reaction with multiple intermediate products,making it crucial to enhance the oriented adsorption capacity of specific functional groups for accelerating the entire process.To achieve the efficient selective oxidation of HMF to FDCA,a series of NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalysts with different morphologies,such as flaky,echinoids,pompon and corolla,were prepared and characterized by XRD,SEM,TEM,BET,XPS,and FTIR.Among the four catalysts,flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)exhibited the most excellent catalytic activity and stability,with a FDCA yield of 60.1%within 12 h at 80℃without alkali participation.The excellent performance of flaky NiCo_(2)O_(4)catalyst is attributed to the oxygen vacancies and acid sites generated by the exposed(400)facets.The oxygen vacancies and acid sites on the catalyst surface can precisely adsorb-CHO and-CH_(2)-OH of HMF,respectively,and this synergistic effect promotes the efficient production of FDCA.This work is of great significance for fundamentally study the effect of micro-topography or crystal-plane reaction properties on surfaces.
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52004143 and 52374095)the open fund for the Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines (Grant No.SKLMRDPC21KF06).
文摘A series of true triaxial unloading tests are conducted on sandstone specimens with a single structural plane to investigate their mechanical behaviors and failure characteristics under different in situ stress states.The experimental results indicate that the dip angle of structural plane(θ)and the intermediate principal stress(σ2)have an important influence on the peak strength,cracking mode,and rockburst severity.The peak strength exhibits a first increase and then decrease as a function ofσ2 for a constantθ.However,whenσ2 is constant,the maximum peak strength is obtained atθof 90°,and the minimum peak strength is obtained atθof 30°or 45°.For the case of an inclined structural plane,the crack type at the tips of structural plane transforms from a mix of wing and anti-wing cracks to wing cracks with an increase inσ2,while the crack type around the tips of structural plane is always anti-wing cracks for the vertical structural plane,accompanied by a series of tensile cracks besides.The specimens with structural plane do not undergo slabbing failure regardless ofθ,and always exhibit composite tensile-shear failure whatever theσ2 value is.With an increase inσ2 andθ,the intensity of the rockburst is consistent with the tendency of the peak strength.By analyzing the relationship between the cohesion(c),internal friction angle(φ),andθin sandstone specimens,we incorporateθinto the true triaxial unloading strength criterion,and propose a modified linear Mogi-Coulomb criterion.Moreover,the crack propagation mechanism at the tips of structural plane,and closure degree of the structural plane under true triaxial unloading conditions are also discussed and summarized.This study provides theoretical guidance for stability assessment of surrounding rocks containing geological structures in deep complex stress environments.
文摘The prediction of the fracture plane orientation in fatigue is a scientific topic and remains relevant for every type of material. However, in this work, we compared the orientation of the fracture plane obtained experimentally through tests on specimens under multiaxial loading with that calculated by the variance method. In the statistical approach criteria, several methods have been developed but we have presented only one method, namely the variance method using the equivalent stress. She assumes that the fracture plane orientation is the one on which the variance of the equivalent stress is maximum. Three types of equivalent stress are defined for this method [1]: normal stress, shear stress and combined normal and shear stress. The results obtained were compared with experimental results for multiaxial cyclic stress states, and it emerges that the variance method for the case of combined loading is conservative as it gives a better prediction of the fracture plane.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42574119,42274083,41974049)partly supported by the Urban Geological Survey Project of Linyi,Shandong Province,China(No.SDGP371300202102000468).
文摘A P-wave velocity model was built in the central southern of the Tanlu Fault based on double-difference tomography.The results suggest the presence of a low-velocity anomaly extending from the surface to a depth of 25 km around the Tanlu and Feixi Faults,representing fault-related fluids caused by partial melting.The relocated earthquakes indicate a significant concentration of seismic activity above 20 km around the Tanlu and Feixi Faults,suggesting that prominent fault systems possibly serve as conduits for the upward migration of deep minerals.The proposed geodynamic model,supported by geological and geophysical data,suggests that the migration of deep mineralized materials extends along the Tanlu Fault.The obtained results serve as a crucial foundation for elucidating the intricate process of mineralization in the central southern segment of the Tanlu Fault,thereby enhancing comprehension regarding the interaction among ore body formation,fault fluids,localized melting,and seismic activity.
文摘In this paper,we establish a stability estimate for the isoperimetric inequality of horospherically convex domains in hyperbolic plane.This estimate involves a relationship between the Hausdorff distance to a geodesic ball and the deficit in the isoperimetric inequality,where the coefficient of the deficit is a universal constant.
基金supported by the foundation of Guangxi Innovation Driven Development Project Grant(AA22068080)the Science and Technology Plan of Guangxi(No.ZY22096019)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51874051 and 52111530139)the Australian Research Council Discovery Program(DP220103416)Australian Research Council Future Fel owships(FT200100730,FT210100804)。
文摘Uniform deposition is a promising strategy to inhibit dendrite growth and corrosion of the Zn anode in cost-effective energy storage systems:aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs).Herein,we report a regulating Zn^(2+)ions dissolution/deposition method for achieving a highly reversible Zn anode.11-mercaptoundecanoic acid(MUA)as ligands was utilized to protect the(002)plane,benefiting from the strong affinity between the thiol group and Zn,with MUA anchoring in the form of Zn-S-RCOOH,which contributes to a stable interface for uniform deposition/deposition.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.LQ22H150005).
文摘Breast augmentation with implants is a popular cosmetic surgery that enhances breast volume and contour through various placement planes.In this review,we examine the impact of subglandular,subpectoral,and subfascial implant planes on postoperative outcomes and complication rates.Subglandular placement offers simplicity but is associated with higher risks of capsular contracture,hematoma,and rippling in patients with low tissue coverage.The subpectoral plane,widely adopted for its natural appearance and reduced capsular contracture risk,may cause dynamic deformity due to muscle contraction.Although technically challenging,the subfascial plane combines the benefits of soft tissue support and reduced implant displacement.We highlight the importance of choosing an optimal implant plane tailored to each patient’s anatomical and aesthetic needs to enhance surgical outcomes and minimize complications.Further research is needed to validate long-term efficacy,particularly for subfascial placement.
文摘BACKGROUND The dexmedetomidine(DEX)plus ropivacaine treatment enables a transversus abdominis plane block(TAPB)of the peripheral nerves in patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer(CRC)that can provide clinical data for improving the postoperative analgesic effect,reducing the risk of cognitive impairment,and decreasing the circulating levels of serum inflammatory factors and stress hormones.AIM To assess the impact of DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB on pain,postoperative cognitive dysfunction(POCD),and inflammatory/stress factors.METHODS Our patient cohort was randomly divided into control and observation groups(60/group).The observation group used a DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB,while the control group employed a ropivacaine-enabled TAPB.The pain score[Visual Analogy Scale(VAS),Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA)],serum inflammatory factor level(C-reactive protein,interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α),serum stress hormone levels(cortisol and adrenaline)and postoperative adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The observation group VAS scores were lower than those of the control group(better analgesic effect,P<0.05).The MoCA and POCD scores decreased post-surgery in the observation group(P<0.05).In the elderly,the overall VAS and MoCA scores were significantly reduced compared with the young group.The C-reactive protein,interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor-α,cortisol and adrenaline levels were lower in the observation group compared with the control group post-surgery(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between the two groups post-surgery,but the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was still lower.DEX continuously inhibited p65-phosphorylation levels in the nuclear factorκB pathway at multiple time points,and its inhibitory effect became more significant over time.CONCLUSION DEX plus ropivacaine-enabled TAPB reduces POCD and inflammatory/stress hormone levels,and significantly improves the postoperative analgesic effect of patients undergoing radical resection for colorectal cancer.
文摘In recent years,the world has seen an exponential increase in energy demand,prompting scientists to look for innovative ways to exploit the power sun’s power.Solar energy technologies use the sun’s energy and light to provide heating,lighting,hot water,electricity and even cooling for homes,businesses,and industries.Therefore,ground-level solar radiation data is important for these applications.Thus,our work aims to use a mathematical modeling tool to predict solar irradiation.For this purpose,we are interested in the application of the Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System.Through this type of artificial neural system,10 models were developed,based on meteorological data such as the Day number(Nj),Ambient temperature(T),Relative Humidity(Hr),Wind speed(WS),Wind direction(WD),Declination(δ),Irradiation outside the atmosphere(Goh),Maximum temperature(Tmax),Minimum temperature(Tmin).These models have been tested by different static indicators to choose the most suitable one for the estimation of the daily global solar radiation.This study led us to choose the M8 model,which takes Nj,T,Hr,δ,Ws,Wd,G0,and S0 as input variables because it presents the best performance either in the learning phase(R^(2)=0.981,RMSE=0.107 kW/m^(2),MAE=0.089 kW/m2)or in the validation phase(R^(2)=0.979,RMSE=0.117 kW/m^(2),MAE=0.101 kW/m^(2)).
基金Projects(51979268,52279117,52309146)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(SKLGME-JBGS2401)supported by the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering,China。
文摘The spatial relationship between structural planes and principal stresses significantly affects the mechanical properties of deep hard rock.This paper examines the effect of the loading angle under true triaxial compression.While previous studies focused on the angleβbetween the maximum principal stress and the structural plane,the role of angleω,between the intermediate principal stress and the structural plane,is often overlooked.Utilizing artificially prefabricated granite specimens with a single non-penetrating structural plane,we set the loading angleβto range from 0°to 90°across seven groups,and assignedωvalues of 0°and 90°in two separate groups.The results show that the peak strength is negatively correlated withβup to 45°,beyond which it tends to stabilize.The angleωexerts a strengthening effect on the peak strength.Deformation mainly occurs post-peak,with the strain values ε_(1) and ε_(3) reaching levels 2−3 times higher than those in intact rock.The structural plane significantly influences failure mode whenω=0°,while failure localizes near the σ_(3) surface of the specimens whenω=90°.The findings enhance data on structural plane rocks under triaxial compression and inform theoretical research,excavation,and support design of rock structures.
文摘A solution for the lithospheric deformation of a uniform,elastically isotropic layer(EIL)of uniform thickness welded with a uniform,elastically orthotropic half-space(EOHS)due to a vertical tensile line fault(VTLF)with an opening in the horizontal direction located in the isotropic layer is derived in the integral form by employing Airy’s stress function approach for the plane strain case.The linear combination of exponential terms appearing in the denominator of the integral expressions of the deformation field of the EIL is expressed as a finite sum of exponential terms(FSET)by applying the method of least squares to analytically compute the deformation field.The displacement field is discussed in detail and computed numerically by considering the EOHS as olivine or barytes material or considering half-space to be isotropic.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171210)the Program for the Development of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(Nos.20240101004JC,20220201130GX,and 20240402072GH)。
文摘Oxygen evolution reaction(OER) is one of the most important half-reactions related to metal-air batteries,fuel cells, and water-splitting. Due to the sluggish kinetic and multi-electron transfer, catalysts appear to be particularly important for the OER. Knowing the reaction mechanism is fundamental to developing new catalysts and improving OER efficiency. In this work, phase transition and atomic reconstruction on Co O(111) plane were revealed through ex-situ diffraction methods and X-ray absorption spectroscopy.At the same time, the electronic state evolution of Co(Ⅱ)/Co(Ⅲ) during the OER process has also been concluded by analyzing the magnetic properties. This work shows that during the OER process, Co(Ⅲ)experiences surface electron rearrangement from IS(intermediate-spin state) to LS(low-spin state) and then returns to IS/HS(high-spin state) under high voltage region. This work provides a new view to reveal the reaction mechanism through the magnetic property and it can be extended to more magnetic 3d transition metals for future catalyst design.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22479022,52174276)the Central Guidance for Local Science and Technology Development Foundation(Youth Science Program Type A of Liaoning Province,2025JH6/101100007)+1 种基金the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2007129)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(N25QNR011)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries(ZMBs)are promising for grid-scale energy storage,but their practical application is hindered by limited cycling life and inferior low-temperature performance,primarily due to Zn dendrite growth and parasitic reactions at the electrolyte-electrode interface.To address these challenges,we develop a new and cheap hydrated eutectic electrolyte(HEE)composed of ZnCl_(2),choline chloride(ChCl),and H_(2)O,which can fundamentally tune desirable interface chemistries for dendrite-free and low-temperature ZMBs.The optimized HEE with a solvation structure of ZnCl_(3)(ChCl)(H_(2)O)_(2) shows a high co nductivity of 15.98 mS cm^(-1)and excellent freeze resistance below-40℃.It has been found that hydrogen bonding between ChCl and H_(2)O effectively reduces water activity,while preferential adsorption of ChCl molecules at the inner Helmholtz plane promotes the formation of a protective solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)on Zn metal anodes,which greatly suppresses the dendrites and side reactions.Therefore,the HEE endows the as-fabricated Zn//Zn symmetric cells and Zn//polyaniline full batteries with superior electrochemical performance at-40℃,such as a long cycling life of 870 h at 1 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2)and a high capacity of 75 mAh g^(-1)at 0.3 A g^(-1).The HEE reported here may pave a new way to construct high-performance ZMBs for specific low-temperature application scenarios.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2023YFB3710401,2022YFB3504401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271094,U1708251)+1 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning,China(No.2020JH2/10700003)Qingyuan City Science and Technology Plan Project(No.2023YFJH003),China.
文摘The effects of the inter-annealing process on the microstructure,plane stress fracture toughness,and tensile properties of an AA7075 cladding sheet were investigated using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,electron backscattered diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and mechanical property tests.The results indicate that the plane stress fracture toughness of AA7075-T6 cladding sheet can be greatly improved.The plane stress fracture toughness for the longitudinal-transverse(L-T)and transverse-longitudinal(T-L)directions were 117.7 and 94.8 MPa·m^(1/2),respectively,after intermediate annealing at 380°C.This represents an increase of 23.9 MPa·m^(1/2)in the L-T direction and 22.6 MPa·m^(1/2) in the T-L direction compared with the AA7075-T6 cladding sheet without intermediate annealing.Moreover,the tensile strength remains similar under different conditions.Microstructure analysis indicates that intermediate annealing before heat treatment can result in long sub-grains,few recrystallized grain boundaries,and small size precipitates in AA7075-T6 cladding sheets.
