Objective:To explore the effect of a hydrogel of Piper longum(P.longum)root against biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant(MDR)Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)through in vitro,in silico,and in vivo studies.Methods:We isol...Objective:To explore the effect of a hydrogel of Piper longum(P.longum)root against biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant(MDR)Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)through in vitro,in silico,and in vivo studies.Methods:We isolated the P.longum root ethanolic extract and the compounds using p-HPLC.In vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of P.longum root extract and isolated alkamide compounds against biofilm-forming MDR S.aureus(ATCC 33591)were assessed using agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods,respectively.In silico investigations were conducted to investigate the interaction of alkamide compounds with three target proteins glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β),matrix metalloproteinases-8(MMP-8),and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).In addition,the wound healing effect of P.longum root extract 2%and 5%(w/v)-containing hydrogels was determined in mice.Results:The ethanolic root extract of P.longum and its compounds exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations between 50µg/mL and 700µg/mL,as well as significantly reduced biofilm formation.Piperdardine isolated from P.longum root extract had the best molecular docking score(-9.7,-9.8,and-9.2 kcal/mol)with target proteins GSK3β,MMP-8,and iNOS.In vivo studies showed that P.longum hydrogels significantly lowered the number of colony-forming units(P<0.05).The P.longum 5%(w/v)hydrogel-treated group showed enhanced wound healing activity,achieving a wound contraction rate of 99.34%on day 14.Furthermore,histopathological analysis confirmed increased re-epithelialization and reduced inflammation in mice treated with P.longum 5%(w/v)hydrogel.Conclusions:P.longum root extract has pharmacological potential as an antibacterial and wound-healing agent,and further research is required to confirm its efficacy and clinical application.展开更多
The western alpine region is an important freshwater supply and water conservation area for China and its surrounding areas.As ecological civilization construction progresses,the ecohydrology of the western alpine reg...The western alpine region is an important freshwater supply and water conservation area for China and its surrounding areas.As ecological civilization construction progresses,the ecohydrology of the western alpine region in China,which is a crucial ecological barrier,has undergone significant changes.In this study,we collected 1077 sampling points and presented a comprehensive overview of research results pertaining to the hydrochemistry of river water,meltwater,groundwater,and precipitation in the western alpine region of China using piper diagram,end-member diagram,and hydrological process indication.Water resources in the western alpine region of China were found to be weakly alkaline and have low total dissolved solids(TDS).The mean pH values for river water,meltwater,groundwater,and precipitation are 7.92,7.58,7.72,and 7.32,respectively.The mean TDS values for river water,meltwater,groundwater,and precipitation are 280.99,72.48,544.41,and 67.68 mg/L.The hydrochemical characteristics of the water resources in this region exhibit significant spatial and temporal variability.These characteristics include higher ion concentrations during the freezing period and higher ion concentrations in inland river basins,such as the Shule River Basin and Tarim River Basin.The principal hydrochemical type of river water and meltwater is HCO^(3-)•SO_(4)^(2-)-Ca^(2+),whereas the principal cations in groundwater are Mg^(2+)and Ca^(2+),and the principal anions are HCO^(3-)and SO_(4)^(2-).In terms of precipitation,the principal hydrochemical type is SO_(4)^(2-)-Ca^(2+).The chemical ions in river water and groundwater are primarily influenced by rock weathering and evaporation-crystallization,whereas the chemical ions in meltwater are mainly affected by rock weathering and atmospheric precipitation,and the chemical ions in precipitation are derived primarily from terrestrial sources.The main forms of water input in the western alpine region of China are precipitation and meltwater,and mutual recharge occurs between river water and groundwater.Hydrochemical characteristics can reflect the impact of human activities on water resources.By synthesizing the regional hydrochemical studies,our findings provide insights for water resources management and ecological security construction in the western alpine region in China.展开更多
基金supported by NPDF fellowship grants from the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences,Ministry of AYUSH,Govt.of India(HQ-ESTT012/60/2022-ESTT/6783).
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of a hydrogel of Piper longum(P.longum)root against biofilm-forming multidrug-resistant(MDR)Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)through in vitro,in silico,and in vivo studies.Methods:We isolated the P.longum root ethanolic extract and the compounds using p-HPLC.In vitro antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of P.longum root extract and isolated alkamide compounds against biofilm-forming MDR S.aureus(ATCC 33591)were assessed using agar diffusion and broth microdilution methods,respectively.In silico investigations were conducted to investigate the interaction of alkamide compounds with three target proteins glycogen synthase kinase 3β(GSK3β),matrix metalloproteinases-8(MMP-8),and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).In addition,the wound healing effect of P.longum root extract 2%and 5%(w/v)-containing hydrogels was determined in mice.Results:The ethanolic root extract of P.longum and its compounds exhibited in vitro antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentrations between 50µg/mL and 700µg/mL,as well as significantly reduced biofilm formation.Piperdardine isolated from P.longum root extract had the best molecular docking score(-9.7,-9.8,and-9.2 kcal/mol)with target proteins GSK3β,MMP-8,and iNOS.In vivo studies showed that P.longum hydrogels significantly lowered the number of colony-forming units(P<0.05).The P.longum 5%(w/v)hydrogel-treated group showed enhanced wound healing activity,achieving a wound contraction rate of 99.34%on day 14.Furthermore,histopathological analysis confirmed increased re-epithelialization and reduced inflammation in mice treated with P.longum 5%(w/v)hydrogel.Conclusions:P.longum root extract has pharmacological potential as an antibacterial and wound-healing agent,and further research is required to confirm its efficacy and clinical application.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars (42425107)the Top Talent Project of Gansu province, Chinese Academy of Sciences Young Crossover Team Project (JCTD-2022-18)+5 种基金the "Western Light"-Key Laboratory Cooperative Research Cross-Team Project of Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Ecological Civilization Special Project of Key Research and Development Program in Gansu Province (24YFFA009)the Gansu Science and Technology Program (25RCKA026)the Science and Technology Project of Lanzhou (2022-2-43)the Excellent Doctoral Program in Gansu Province (23JRRA573)the Lanzhou Talent-Driven City Development Initiative.
文摘The western alpine region is an important freshwater supply and water conservation area for China and its surrounding areas.As ecological civilization construction progresses,the ecohydrology of the western alpine region in China,which is a crucial ecological barrier,has undergone significant changes.In this study,we collected 1077 sampling points and presented a comprehensive overview of research results pertaining to the hydrochemistry of river water,meltwater,groundwater,and precipitation in the western alpine region of China using piper diagram,end-member diagram,and hydrological process indication.Water resources in the western alpine region of China were found to be weakly alkaline and have low total dissolved solids(TDS).The mean pH values for river water,meltwater,groundwater,and precipitation are 7.92,7.58,7.72,and 7.32,respectively.The mean TDS values for river water,meltwater,groundwater,and precipitation are 280.99,72.48,544.41,and 67.68 mg/L.The hydrochemical characteristics of the water resources in this region exhibit significant spatial and temporal variability.These characteristics include higher ion concentrations during the freezing period and higher ion concentrations in inland river basins,such as the Shule River Basin and Tarim River Basin.The principal hydrochemical type of river water and meltwater is HCO^(3-)•SO_(4)^(2-)-Ca^(2+),whereas the principal cations in groundwater are Mg^(2+)and Ca^(2+),and the principal anions are HCO^(3-)and SO_(4)^(2-).In terms of precipitation,the principal hydrochemical type is SO_(4)^(2-)-Ca^(2+).The chemical ions in river water and groundwater are primarily influenced by rock weathering and evaporation-crystallization,whereas the chemical ions in meltwater are mainly affected by rock weathering and atmospheric precipitation,and the chemical ions in precipitation are derived primarily from terrestrial sources.The main forms of water input in the western alpine region of China are precipitation and meltwater,and mutual recharge occurs between river water and groundwater.Hydrochemical characteristics can reflect the impact of human activities on water resources.By synthesizing the regional hydrochemical studies,our findings provide insights for water resources management and ecological security construction in the western alpine region in China.
