Auxin controls multiple developmental processes and plant responses to environmental stimuli (Adamowski and Friml, 2015). The plasma membrane-localized PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux transporters govern directional cel...Auxin controls multiple developmental processes and plant responses to environmental stimuli (Adamowski and Friml, 2015). The plasma membrane-localized PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux transporters govern directional cell-to-cell transport and the gradient distribution of auxin, and these processes are fine-tuned by reversible phosphorylation (Bassukas et al., 2022). The AGCVIII kinases PINOID (PID) and D6 PROTEIN KINASE (D6PK) have been identified for modulating PIN activity through direct phosphorylation in their central, hydrophylic loop (Zourelidou et al., 2014).展开更多
Optimizing leaf shape is a major challenge in efforts to develop an ideal plant type. Cucumber leaf shapes are diverse;however, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying leaf shape formation are unknown. In this ...Optimizing leaf shape is a major challenge in efforts to develop an ideal plant type. Cucumber leaf shapes are diverse;however, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying leaf shape formation are unknown. In this study, we obtained a round leaf mutant(rl) from an ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutagenesis population. Genetic analysis revealed that a single recessive gene, rl, is responsible for this mutation. A modified Mut Map analysis combined linkage mapping identified a single nucleotide polymorphism within a candidate gene,Csa1 M537400, as the mutation underlying the trait.Csa1 M537400 encodes a PINOID kinase protein involved in auxin transport. Expression of Csa1 M537400 was significantly lower in the rl mutant than in wild type, and it displayed higher levels of IAA(indole-3-acetic acid) in several tissues. Treatment of wild-type plants with an auxin transport inhibitor induced the formation of round leaves,similar to those in the rl mutant. Altered expression patterns of several auxin-related genes in the rl mutant suggest that rl plays a key role in auxin biosynthesis,transport, and response in cucumber. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of auxin signaling pathways in cucumber,and will be valuable in the development of an ideal plant type.展开更多
Examining the plants in any forest or meadow reveals a remarkable diversity of leaf shape,suggesting the importance of this trait for adaptation to various environmental conditions(reviewed in Nicotra et al.2011).Inde...Examining the plants in any forest or meadow reveals a remarkable diversity of leaf shape,suggesting the importance of this trait for adaptation to various environmental conditions(reviewed in Nicotra et al.2011).Indeed,leaf shape may be constrained by biomechanical factors and affects thermoregulation,susceptibility to herbivory,the available light for photosynthesis,and water balance.展开更多
Subject Code:C06With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a study by the research group led by Prof.Deng Xingwang(邓兴旺)from the State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research,Peki...Subject Code:C06With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a study by the research group led by Prof.Deng Xingwang(邓兴旺)from the State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences,School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of展开更多
Polar auxin transport, which is required for the formation of auxin gradients and directional auxin flows that are critical for plant pattern formation, morphogenesis, and directional growth response to vectorial cues...Polar auxin transport, which is required for the formation of auxin gradients and directional auxin flows that are critical for plant pattern formation, morphogenesis, and directional growth response to vectorial cues, is mediated by polarized sub-cellular distribution of PIN-FORMED Proteins （PINs, auxin efflux carriers）, AUX1/AUXI-like proteins （auxin influx facilitators）, and multidrug resistance P-glycoproteins （MDR/PGP）. Polar localization of these proteins is controlled by both developmental and environmental cues. Recent studies have revealed cellular （endocytosis, transcytosis, and endosomal sorting and recycling） and molecular （PINOID kinase, protein phosphatase 2A） mechanisms underlying the polar distribution of these auxin transport proteins. Both TIR1-mediated auxin signaling and TIRl-independent auxinmediated endocytosis have been shown to regulate polar PIN localization and auxin flow, implicating auxin as a selforganizing signal in directing polar transport and directional flows.展开更多
Seed dispersal is an important moment in the life cycle of a plant species. In Arabidopsis thaliana, it is dependent on transcription factor INDEHISCENT （IND）-mediated specification of a separation layer in the dehi...Seed dispersal is an important moment in the life cycle of a plant species. In Arabidopsis thaliana, it is dependent on transcription factor INDEHISCENT （IND）-mediated specification of a separation layer in the dehiscence zone found in the margin between the valves （carpel walls） and the central replum of the developing fruit. It was proposed that IND specifies the separation layer by inducing a local auxin minimum at late stages of fruit development. Here we show that morphological differences between the ind mutant and wild-type fruit already arise at early stages of fruit development, coinciding with strong IND expression in the valve margin. We show that IND-reduced PIN-FORMED3 （PIN3） auxin efflux carrier abundance leads to an increased auxin response in the valve margin during early fruit develop- ment, and that the concomitant cell divisions that form the dehiscence zone are lacking in ind mutant fruit. Moreover, IND promoter-driven ectopic expression of the AGC kinases PINOID （PID） and WAG2 induced indehiscence by expelling auxin from the valve margin at stages 14-16 of fruit development through increased PIN3 abundance. Our results show that IND, besides its role at late stages of Arabi- dopsis fruit development, functions at early stages to facilitate the auxin-triggered cell divisions that form the dehiscence zone.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFA1303400)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KJJQ2024007)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270301)toQ.Z.
文摘Auxin controls multiple developmental processes and plant responses to environmental stimuli (Adamowski and Friml, 2015). The plasma membrane-localized PIN-FORMED (PIN) auxin efflux transporters govern directional cell-to-cell transport and the gradient distribution of auxin, and these processes are fine-tuned by reversible phosphorylation (Bassukas et al., 2022). The AGCVIII kinases PINOID (PID) and D6 PROTEIN KINASE (D6PK) have been identified for modulating PIN activity through direct phosphorylation in their central, hydrophylic loop (Zourelidou et al., 2014).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31430075,31772318)the Fund for Independent Innovation of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province [CX(17)3016]the National Supporting Programs (2016YFD0100204-25) from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China
文摘Optimizing leaf shape is a major challenge in efforts to develop an ideal plant type. Cucumber leaf shapes are diverse;however, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying leaf shape formation are unknown. In this study, we obtained a round leaf mutant(rl) from an ethyl methanesulfonate-induced mutagenesis population. Genetic analysis revealed that a single recessive gene, rl, is responsible for this mutation. A modified Mut Map analysis combined linkage mapping identified a single nucleotide polymorphism within a candidate gene,Csa1 M537400, as the mutation underlying the trait.Csa1 M537400 encodes a PINOID kinase protein involved in auxin transport. Expression of Csa1 M537400 was significantly lower in the rl mutant than in wild type, and it displayed higher levels of IAA(indole-3-acetic acid) in several tissues. Treatment of wild-type plants with an auxin transport inhibitor induced the formation of round leaves,similar to those in the rl mutant. Altered expression patterns of several auxin-related genes in the rl mutant suggest that rl plays a key role in auxin biosynthesis,transport, and response in cucumber. These findings provide insight into the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of auxin signaling pathways in cucumber,and will be valuable in the development of an ideal plant type.
文摘Examining the plants in any forest or meadow reveals a remarkable diversity of leaf shape,suggesting the importance of this trait for adaptation to various environmental conditions(reviewed in Nicotra et al.2011).Indeed,leaf shape may be constrained by biomechanical factors and affects thermoregulation,susceptibility to herbivory,the available light for photosynthesis,and water balance.
文摘Subject Code:C06With the support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,a study by the research group led by Prof.Deng Xingwang(邓兴旺)from the State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences,School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences and School of
文摘Polar auxin transport, which is required for the formation of auxin gradients and directional auxin flows that are critical for plant pattern formation, morphogenesis, and directional growth response to vectorial cues, is mediated by polarized sub-cellular distribution of PIN-FORMED Proteins （PINs, auxin efflux carriers）, AUX1/AUXI-like proteins （auxin influx facilitators）, and multidrug resistance P-glycoproteins （MDR/PGP）. Polar localization of these proteins is controlled by both developmental and environmental cues. Recent studies have revealed cellular （endocytosis, transcytosis, and endosomal sorting and recycling） and molecular （PINOID kinase, protein phosphatase 2A） mechanisms underlying the polar distribution of these auxin transport proteins. Both TIR1-mediated auxin signaling and TIRl-independent auxinmediated endocytosis have been shown to regulate polar PIN localization and auxin flow, implicating auxin as a selforganizing signal in directing polar transport and directional flows.
文摘Seed dispersal is an important moment in the life cycle of a plant species. In Arabidopsis thaliana, it is dependent on transcription factor INDEHISCENT （IND）-mediated specification of a separation layer in the dehiscence zone found in the margin between the valves （carpel walls） and the central replum of the developing fruit. It was proposed that IND specifies the separation layer by inducing a local auxin minimum at late stages of fruit development. Here we show that morphological differences between the ind mutant and wild-type fruit already arise at early stages of fruit development, coinciding with strong IND expression in the valve margin. We show that IND-reduced PIN-FORMED3 （PIN3） auxin efflux carrier abundance leads to an increased auxin response in the valve margin during early fruit develop- ment, and that the concomitant cell divisions that form the dehiscence zone are lacking in ind mutant fruit. Moreover, IND promoter-driven ectopic expression of the AGC kinases PINOID （PID） and WAG2 induced indehiscence by expelling auxin from the valve margin at stages 14-16 of fruit development through increased PIN3 abundance. Our results show that IND, besides its role at late stages of Arabi- dopsis fruit development, functions at early stages to facilitate the auxin-triggered cell divisions that form the dehiscence zone.
