AIM:To highlight the importance of microRNA(miRNA)-21-5p in directing the phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)gene to control the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(PI3K/Akt/mTOR)...AIM:To highlight the importance of microRNA(miRNA)-21-5p in directing the phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)gene to control the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(PI3K/Akt/mTOR)pathway in retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells in humans subjected to photodamage.METHODS:Human adult RPE cell line-19(ARPE-19)was cultured in vitro and randomly divided into control,damage,overexpression,negative,and PI3K/Akt blocker groups to establish a photodamage model of ARPE-19 cells.The models were subjected to 24h of light exposure,after which the corresponding indices were detected.The cell counting kit-8 assay quantified cell viability,while flow cytometry determined apoptosis rates.The miRNA-21 mimics and miRNA mimic NC were transfected into ARPE-19 cells using a transient transfection technique.Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(SYBR Green)and Western blotting analyzed expression levels of miRNA-21-5p,PTEN,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-mTOR/mTOR,and p-Akt/Akt.Statistical analyses comprised one-way analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls test for multiple group comparisons.RESULTS:The photodamage group demonstrated reduced cell survival rates than the control group(P<0.01).The overexpression group exhibited higher cell survival rates than the injury group(P<0.01).The negative group showed no difference in viability(P>0.05).The PI3K/Akt blocker group demonstrated lower cell viability,compared with the overexpression group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:miRNA-21-5p significantly increases ARPE-19 cell survival after photodamage and inhibits lightinduced ARPE-19 cell apoptosis,suggesting that it may play a protective role in RPE by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway while downregulating PTEN expression.展开更多
Novel green ceramic pigments Y_(3)Ga_(3)MgSiO_(12)∶xCr^(3+)(x=0−0.2)were successfully synthesized via the conventional solid-state approach.The properties of the pigments were studied by XRD,FE-SEM,UV-Vis spectroscop...Novel green ceramic pigments Y_(3)Ga_(3)MgSiO_(12)∶xCr^(3+)(x=0−0.2)were successfully synthesized via the conventional solid-state approach.The properties of the pigments were studied by XRD,FE-SEM,UV-Vis spectroscopy,XPS,and chromaticity analysis.The findings reveal that the trivalent chromium ions occupy the[Ga1O6]octahedral sites within the garnet lattice,and the relatively weak crystal field environment provided by the matrix endows the pigments with green characteristics.The samples prepared by calcination at 1400℃exhibit the most excellent performance in terms of phase purity,morphology,and color properties.The chromaticity values for the representative sample Y_(3)Ga_(3)MgSiO_(12)∶0.05Cr^(3+)are L^(*)=81.16,a^(*)=−12.53,and b^(*)=12.71,and the color remains stable after the stability test.Moreover,when glazed with Y_(3)Ga_(3)MgSiO_(12)∶xCr^(3+)(x=0−0.2)pigments,the smooth glaze surfaces exhibit vivid and saturated green tones,demonstrating their remarkable coloring capabilities and promising potential as a practical pigment for medium-temperature applications.This research underscores the vast application prospects of Y_(3)Ga_(3)MgSiO_(12)∶Cr^(3+)as an innovative green ceramic pigment.展开更多
Introduction: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the spine is a rare condition, with only a limited number of cases documented in the medical literature. In this study, we review imaging findings of two cases ...Introduction: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the spine is a rare condition, with only a limited number of cases documented in the medical literature. In this study, we review imaging findings of two cases of PVNS arising in the spine. Case 1: A 52-year-old male presented with right thigh pain of unclear etiology. His condition subsequently deteriorated and he was referred to our hospital. MRI revealed a spinal tumor with high intensity on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and iso-intensity on T2WI in the right L2/3 intervertebral foramen. The tumor exhibited heterogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced MRI. Computed tomography (CT) myelography showed the presence of an epidural tumor within the right L2/3 intervertebral foramen, situated externally to the spinal canal and compressing the dura mater. Notable scalloping was observed in the posterior margin of the L2 vertebral body on CT images. Case 2: A 78-year-old male presented with a complaint of muscle weakness of the left upper limb. His gait gradually deteriorated, which led to suspicion of cervical myelopathy. A tumor was observed on plain MRI and exhibited low to iso-intensity on T1WI and high intensity on T2WI. The tumor was in the left C7/T1 intervertebral segment and the spinal cord was compressed from the left side. CT showed destruction of the medial aspect of the left C7 vertebral arch. Conclusion: In spinal PVNS, the signal intensity on MRI is dependent on the timing of hemorrhage within the tumor, and there are no distinctive features. However, if an extradural tumor is suspected and CT shows bone erosion, scalloping or osteolytic changes, PVNS should be considered as a differential diagnosis.展开更多
Plant pigments have a vital role in plant pollination,aesthetic appeal,and quality of the fruit.Naturally occurring major plant pigments include anthocyanins,carotenoids,and chlorophyll.In addition to their coloration...Plant pigments have a vital role in plant pollination,aesthetic appeal,and quality of the fruit.Naturally occurring major plant pigments include anthocyanins,carotenoids,and chlorophyll.In addition to their coloration,these pigments possess additional beneficial properties,which is why they are often referred to as bioactive compounds.Moreover,they exhibit strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.The pigments,particularly beta-carotene(a precursor to vitamin A),a type of carotenoid,are crucial for maintaining good vision.They can help reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration and improve overall eye health.The antioxidants found in fruit pigments may improve cognitive function and reduce neurodegeneration.This review article explores the processes involved in the biosynthesis of essential pigments in fruits,emphasizing their biological significance and various applications,including effects on human health and economic value.Understanding these mechanisms can improve the color and quality of fruits,resulting in high consumer acceptance and higher market demand.The numerous benefits of plant pigments have sparked growing interest in incorporating them into our food.However,in-depth research is required to explore the biological significance of fruit pigments,as well as their role in human food and nutrition.Studies have shown that these bioactive compounds can help prevent and manage chronic degenerative diseases.Further research is necessary in both fundamental and applied areas to enhance pigment levels in fruit to a degree sufficient for disease prevention.Comprehensive research into the genetic regulation of pigment biosynthesis could illuminate pathways for enhancing pigmentation through genetic engineering or traditional breeding methods.Genome editing technologies like CRISPR could be employed to improve specific pathways related to pigment biosynthesis in fruits.Further promising opportunities for the application of these pigments beyond the food industry should be investigated,focusing on their potential contributions in cosmetics,textiles,medicine,agriculture,and other sectors.展开更多
Pigments are widely used as indices for estimation of phytoplankton biomass and composition,and many protocols have been developed to analyze pigments in phytoplankton.Different protocols were compared using four solv...Pigments are widely used as indices for estimation of phytoplankton biomass and composition,and many protocols have been developed to analyze pigments in phytoplankton.Different protocols were compared using four solvents(methanol,95%methanol,dimethylformamide,and 90%acetone)and two instruments(fluorometer and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)coupled with diode array detector).Analysis of chlorophyll a(Chl a)with fluorometer could lead to over-or underestimation due to the interference from its derivatives in all probability.Among the four extractants,90%acetone had a high recovery for chlorophylls.In contrast,95%methanol was a poor extractant for chlorophylls due to the degradation of Chl a,especially in diatoms.The 95%methanol,however,had high extraction efficiencies for most diagnostic xanthophylls.Therefore,the selection of pigment analytical protocols should follow the specific purpose of phytoplankton study.In addition to fluorometry,an HPLC method with 90%acetone as extractant shall be a good choice for the analysis of Chl a to estimate phytoplankton biomass,especially for diatom-dominated samples,while an HPLC method with 95%methanol as extractant be more suitable to characterize different taxa in phytoplankton communities.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the mechanism of anticancer activity of a pigment OR3 from Streptomyces coelicolor in in vitro and in vivo metastatic breast cancer models and to characterize the pigment.Methods:The anticance...Objective:To investigate the mechanism of anticancer activity of a pigment OR3 from Streptomyces coelicolor in in vitro and in vivo metastatic breast cancer models and to characterize the pigment.Methods:The anticancer mechanism was analyzed in MDA-MB-231 cells using MTT,lactate dehydrogenase,caspase,DNA fragmentation,clonogenic,flow cytometry,Western blot,and scratch assays.The effects of OR3 on xenograft mouse models were evaluated by tumor volume measurement,hematological analysis,and histopathological observation.The characterization of OR3 was also performed using gas chromatograohy-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Results:OR3 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells,with no observed effects on HEK-293 cells.Caspase-9 activation was detected in OR3-treated MDA-MB-231 cells.Flow cytometry showed a dose-dependent induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the sub-G_(1) and S phases.Furthermore,OR3 completely inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell migration and demonstrated anti-proliferative effects by downregulating the protein expression of KPNA2,XPO1,RAB5B,and p38 MAPK.In in vivo studies,OR3 was non-toxic to mice,inhibited tumor xenograft growth,and maintained normal hematological parameters and tissue architecture.Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of a prodigiosin-like compound,while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified additional compounds in OR3.Conclusions:Our findings validate OR3 pigment as a promising compound for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer,warranting further studies.展开更多
AIM:To investigate whether interleukin-17A(IL-17A)gets involved in the mechanisms of inflammation-related retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells injury and its significance in age-related macular degeneration(AMD).MRTHO...AIM:To investigate whether interleukin-17A(IL-17A)gets involved in the mechanisms of inflammation-related retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells injury and its significance in age-related macular degeneration(AMD).MRTHODS:A sodium iodate(NaIO3)mouse model as well as IL-17A-/-mice were established.The effects of inflammatory cytokines in RPE cells and retinal microglia before and after NaIO3 modeling in vivo and in vitro,were investigated using immunofluorescence,immunoprotein blotting,and quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),respectively.Interventions using recombinant IL-17A protein(rIL-17A)or IL-17A neutralizing antibody(IL-17A NAb)were used to observe the subsequent differences in fundus,fundus photography and optical coherence tomography(OCT),cell viability,and expression of oxidative stress-related markers before and after modeling,and to screen for key signaling pathways.RESULTS:In the scenario of NaIO3 stimulation,RPE cells obviously tended to degenerate.Simultaneously proliferation and activation of retinal microglia was confirmed in NaIO3-stimulated mice,whereas such effects induced by NaIO3 were significantly ameliorated with IL-17A NAb intervention or in IL-17A-/-mice.In addition,IL-17A promoted the proliferation and activation of microglia as well as oxidative damage and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines alongside NaIO3-induced damage in RPE cells in vivo and ex vivo.Meanwhile,the extracellular signalregulated kinase(ERK)signaling pathway was shown to be participated in the regulation of NaIO3-induced RPE cells injury mediated by IL-17A in vivo and ex vivo,as IL-17A induced inflammatory cytokines release in the NaIO3 model was alleviated after blocking the ERK pathway.CONCLUSION:IL-17A probably promotes the NaIO3-induced RPE cells injury through exacerbating inflammation in terms of retinal microglia activation and inflammatory cytokines release via ERK signaling pathway.Inhibition of IL-17A may be a new potential target for dry AMD treatment.展开更多
Macular pigment(MP)is a crucial pigment in the macular region.It plays an important role in filtering blue light,and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.Macular pigment optical density(MPOD)is a key ...Macular pigment(MP)is a crucial pigment in the macular region.It plays an important role in filtering blue light,and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.Macular pigment optical density(MPOD)is a key indicator for assessing the density of MP in the macular area and is closely associated with eye diseases,including age-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy,and glaucoma.This review aims to explore the clinical significance of MPOD and its research value in ophthalmology and other medical fields.It summarizes the current MPOD measurement techniques,categorizing them into two main types(in vivo and in vitro),and discusses their respective advantages and limitations.Additionally,given the advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and deep-learning technologies that offer new opportunities for improving MPOD assessment,this review analyzes the significant potential and future prospects of AI-based fundus image analysis in MPOD measurement.The goal of AI-based analysis is to provide faster and more accurate detection methods,thereby promoting further research and new clinical applications of MPOD in the field of ophthalmology.展开更多
The emission wavelength of current near-infrared phosphors activated by Cr^(3+)is generally smaller than 900 nm in near-infrared(NIR)Ⅰ region,and it is extremely challenging and is of great practical significance to ...The emission wavelength of current near-infrared phosphors activated by Cr^(3+)is generally smaller than 900 nm in near-infrared(NIR)Ⅰ region,and it is extremely challenging and is of great practical significance to realize emission towards NIR-Ⅱ region.In this study,a novel Cr^(3+)excited KSrScSi_(2)O_(7)silicate broad-band phosphor was prepared using the traditional solid-state method.Cr^(3+)resides in a weak crystal field in the KSrScSi_(2)O_(7)lattice and exhibits broad-band near-infrared emission at 984 nm,longer than those of most Cr^(3+)activated phosphors,under 493 nm blue light excitation.This is due to the stro ng charge polarization caused by the unique local coordination environment of the silicate matrix,which leads to a reduction in the crystal field splitting energy of the[ScO_(6)]octahedron where Cr^(3+)is located and the downward shift of the^(4)T_(2)energy level.The optimal doping concentration of Cr^(3+)is found to be 2 mol%,and the quenching mechanism is dipole-dipole interaction.Compared to the phosphors with similar emission wavelengths(λ_(em)>900 nm),KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):Cr^(3+)demonstrates outstanding advantages in various aspects of luminescent performance.The fabricated phosphor-converted light-emitting diode(pc-LED)is shown to have the potential for night vision and non-invasive imaging.Novel application of KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)as stable green ceramic pigments is also explored.The KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)powders show a bright yellowish green appearance,and the KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):0.02Cr^(3+)typical composition has chromaticity values of L^(*)=82.73,a^(*)=-8.53,b^(*)=7.97.Remarkably,the glazing samples using KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)as pigments well retain the bright color after 1200℃sintering in different atmospheres.Therefore,multifunctional applications of KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)for near-infrared spectroscopy and as ceramic pigments are achieved in this work.展开更多
Retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)dysfunction is involved in the advancement of numerous degenerative retinal illnesses,such as age-related macular degeneration and hereditary retinal abnormalities.Transplantation of RPE...Retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)dysfunction is involved in the advancement of numerous degenerative retinal illnesses,such as age-related macular degeneration and hereditary retinal abnormalities.Transplantation of RPE produced from stem cells has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to restore retinal function and prevent vision loss.However,other obstacles impede its clinical application,including immunological rejection,cell viability,functional integration,and the necessity for consistent differentiation techniques.This review offers a thorough examination of the molecular processes regulating RPE integrity,investigates recent progress in stem cell-derived RPE therapeutics,and addresses significant challenges to their broad implementation.Furthermore,we emphasize prospective avenues intended to enhance the safety,efficacy,and enduring success of RPE transplantation in clinical environments.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the role of RNA methylation in retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells in age-related macular degeneration(AMD).METHODS:RNA methylation-related gene expression profiles of AMD patient and normal contro...AIM:To investigate the role of RNA methylation in retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells in age-related macular degeneration(AMD).METHODS:RNA methylation-related gene expression profiles of AMD patient and normal control retinal pigment epithelium were evaluated by single-cell transcriptome from 34 samples(11 from normal donors and 23 from AMD patients).The causal relationship between RNA methylation dysfunction and AMD was analyzed by summary-data-based Mendelian randomization(SMR)using AMD GWAS data and multi-omics quantitative trait loci(QTL),including expression QTLs(eQTLs),protein QTLs(pQTLs),splicing QTLs(sQTLs),and m^(6)A-QTLs(mQTLs).Additionally,machine learning models were applied to validate the causal association between RNA methylation dysfunction and AMD using Bulk RNA sequencing data from 31 normal donors and 37 AMD patients.RESULTS:The single-cell transcriptome data analysis revealed massive dysregulation of RNA methylationrelated methylationrelated gene expression in the RPE of AMD patients.SMR revealed causal associations between key RNA methylation regulators(METTL3,NSUN6,and MRM1,etc.)and AMD onset.Machine learning models further validated these findings and demonstrated a high accuracy of AMD risk prediction by using the above-identified RNA methylationrelated genes:METTL3,NSUN6,and MRM1.Furthermore,METTL3 and NSUN6 were found to have a protective effect,while MRM1 was associated with an increased risk of AMD.CONCLUSION:The results reveal the implication of dysregulation of RNA methylation-related gene expression in the RPE of AMD patients and further demonstrated a causal association between RNA methylation-related genes(METTL3,NSUN6,and MRM1)and AMD.These findings highlight the importance of RNA methylation in the pathogenesis of AMD and offer potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AMD management.展开更多
The giant triton snail Charonia tritonis is a marine large carnivorous gastropoda inhabiting in the Indo-Pacific Ocean.Their splendid and highly organized Charonia tritonis shells are attractive;however few studies ha...The giant triton snail Charonia tritonis is a marine large carnivorous gastropoda inhabiting in the Indo-Pacific Ocean.Their splendid and highly organized Charonia tritonis shells are attractive;however few studies have been conducted on shell ultra-structure and pigmentation.The arrangements of crossed-lamellar structures were distinctive for the giant triton snail shell,showing three layers of mineral structures in the cross-section.The 1st-order and 2nd-order lamellae of the shell were around 10-20μm and the crystals in outer layers intersected at right angles in this species.They were identified as aragonite crystals by Raman scattering,and granular organic matrix were attached to the aragonite mineral phase closely.Furthermore,the dominant Raman spectra from polyene pigments in the shell were characterized at wavenumbers of 1123 cm^(-1)and 1504 cm^(-1),assigned to stretching vibrations of carbon-carbon single(C-C)and double(C=C)bonds,and the polyene chain was confirmed with 11-12 C-C bonds and 12-13 conju-gated C=C bonds.The research will lay a foundation for exploring the relationship between the calcareous shell and the formation of shell color in the giant triton snail.展开更多
The dark blue pigment(DBP)is a health ingredient from Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.leaves used as a functional food supplement.However,the details of transepithelial absorption on the intestinal epithelial cells are bar...The dark blue pigment(DBP)is a health ingredient from Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.leaves used as a functional food supplement.However,the details of transepithelial absorption on the intestinal epithelial cells are barely understood.This study aimed to clarify the absorption properties of DBP in the Caco-2 cell monolayer model and evaluate the effect on the endo-metabolism and barrier function of Caco-2 cells.The results showed that the DBP did not show the dose-dependent toxic effect to Caco-2 cells between 0.25 and 1.5 mg/mL,which did not cause disorder in the normal cell metabolism and absorption activity.The Caco-2 cell monolayer model could absorb DBP by passive and active transport,and the absorptive pattern was dosedependent when the concentration was more than 0.25 mg/mL.During DBP absorption,an increase in m RNA and protein expressions of glucose transporters demonstrated that the glucose transporters were the potential transporter of DBP.But the glucose transport amounts were significantly lowered after 30 min of DBP treatment,indicating that DBP owned the inhibitory effect on glucose transportation.Furthermore,DBP also owned protective effects on the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells.展开更多
BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the major eye diseases contributing to blindness worldwide.Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in retinal cells is a key factor leading to retinal inflammation and vascular lea...BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the major eye diseases contributing to blindness worldwide.Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in retinal cells is a key factor leading to retinal inflammation and vascular leakage in DR,but its mechanism is still unclear.AIM To investigate the potential mechanism of LEF1 and related RNAs in DR.METHODS ARPE-19 cells were exposed to high levels of glucose for 24 hours to simulate a diabetic environment.Intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin was used to induce the rat model of DR.The expression levels of genes and related proteins were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blotting;lnc-MGC and miR-495-3p were detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization;CCK-8 and TUNEL assays were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect inflammatory factors;dual-luciferase gene assays were used to verify the targeting relationship;and the retina was observed by HE staining.RESULTS LEF1 and lnc-MGC have binding sites,and lnc-MGC can regulate the miR-495-3p/GRP78 molecular axis.In high glucose-treated cells,inflammation was aggravated,the intracellular reactive oxygen species concentration was increased,cell viability was reduced,apoptosis was increased,the ER response was intensified,and ferroptosis was increased.As an ER molecular chaperone,GRP78 regulates the ER and ferroptosis under the targeting of miR-495-3p,whereas inhibiting LEF1 can further downregulate the expression of lnc-MGC,increase the level of miR-495-3p,and sequentially regulate the level of GRP78 to alleviate the occurrence and development of DR.Animal experiments indicated that the knockdown of LEF1 can affect the lnc-MGC/miR-495-3p/GRP78 signaling axis to restrain the progression of DR.CONCLUSION LEF1 knockdown can regulate the miR-495-3p/GRP78 molecular axis through lnc-MGC,which affects ER stress and restrains the progression of DR and ferroptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells.展开更多
Four kinds of iron oxide pigments were added into wood-fiber/high-density-polyethylene composites （WF/HDPE） at three different concentrations, to determine the effects of pigments on the changes in the color and mec...Four kinds of iron oxide pigments were added into wood-fiber/high-density-polyethylene composites （WF/HDPE） at three different concentrations, to determine the effects of pigments on the changes in the color and mechanical properties of the composites before and after UV accelerated weathering. HDPE, wood fibers, pigments and other processing additives were dry-mixed in a high-speed mixer. The mixtures were extruded by two-step extrusion process with a self-designed twin-screw/single-screw extruder system. Color of the samples was determined according to CIE 1976 L^＊a^＊b^＊ system by a spec- trophotometer and the bending properties were tested to evaluate the mechanical properties before and after accelerated UV weathering. The result shows that the modulus of elasticity of WF/HDPE did not obvi- ously changed after incorporating with the pigments, but the bending strength increased. After accelerated aging for 2000 h, both color and mechanical properties significantly changed. Iron oxide red and black performed better than the other two pigments, and the pigments dosage of 2.28% in the composites is favourable.展开更多
[Objective] The study aimed at investigating the influence of enhanced UV-B radiation on photosynthesis of grapevine.[Method] The seedlings of Cabernet sauvignon were treated with different intensities of UV-B radiati...[Objective] The study aimed at investigating the influence of enhanced UV-B radiation on photosynthesis of grapevine.[Method] The seedlings of Cabernet sauvignon were treated with different intensities of UV-B radiation under outdoor conditions,and then the contents of photosynthetic pigments and flavonoids in leaves were determined by measuring the absorbance of leaves extracts at 663,645,470 and 300 nm,respectively.[Result] The content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of grapevine obviously increased with time under the treatments of different enhanced UV-B radiation.Compared with the control,the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll and carotenoid were obviously increased by 5%,2%,4% and 3% in the enhanced UV-B radiation treatment of 10.8 μW/cm2（T1）,and in the treatment of 25.6 μW/cm2（T2） the corresponding levels were subsequently increased by 11%,9%,10% and 7% with a significant increase in the content of chlorophyll a.On the other hand,the flavonoids content in the leaves of grapevine were obviously increased by 13%,9% in T1 and T2.[Conclusion] The grapevine has strong adaptability to UV-B radiation,and appropriate enhanced UV-B radiation couldn＇t decrease the photosynthesis of grapevine leaves.展开更多
Linear dichroism (LD) spectroscopy is an important technique in the study of the orientation and organization of pigments in the photosynthetic membrane complexes in vivo and in vitro . In this work, the orient...Linear dichroism (LD) spectroscopy is an important technique in the study of the orientation and organization of pigments in the photosynthetic membrane complexes in vivo and in vitro . In this work, the orientation of the pigments in the isolated photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) sub_core reaction center complexes was analyzed and characterized by means of low temperature absorption and LD spectroscopy. The preparations containing different amounts of CP47 isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplast were used in order to investigate the orientation of pigments in the PSⅡ sub_core CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 (CP47/D1/D2) complexes. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) absorbing at 680 nm in CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 complex showed an orientation of the Q y transition parallel to the membrane plane. It is proposed that there are two forms of β_carotene (β_Car) in CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 complex, denoted as β_Car (Ⅰ) and β_Car (Ⅱ), with different orientations, β_Car (Ⅰ) at 470 and 505 nm is roughly parallel to the membrane plane, and β_Car (Ⅱ) at 460 and 490 nm seems to be perpendicular orientation. Upon the photoinhibitory experiment β_Car (Ⅱ) was found to be photosensitive and easily photodamaged. It also showed that the positive LD signal observed at 680 nm was quite complicated. This signal is tentatively attributed to P680 and some Chl a of antenna in CP47 protein based upon our measurements.展开更多
Object To investigate the therapeutic effect of microencapsulated porcine retinal pigmented epithelial cells （RPE-M） transplantation on rat model of Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. Methods Primary porcine RPE cells wer...Object To investigate the therapeutic effect of microencapsulated porcine retinal pigmented epithelial cells （RPE-M） transplantation on rat model of Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. Methods Primary porcine RPE cells were harvested by enzyme digestion and expanded in culture medium. Determine the levels ofdopamine （DA） and homovanillic acid （HVA） by high performance liquid chromatography electrochemical （HPLC） assay, and the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and glial-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF） were detected by ELISA. Alginate-polylysine-alginate （APA） microencapsulated cells were produced by using a high voltage electrostatic system. PD rat model was established by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA） into the medial forebrain bundle （MFB）. After that, the RPE-M was transplanted into the corpus striatum of PD rat, and then the rotation test scores were recorded and biochemical changes of the corpus striatum were tested. Results The levels of DA, HVA, BDNF and GDNF secreted by RPE were stable in the RPE culture supernatant and were not changed by the microencapsulation. Eighty-three percent rats developed PD by unilateral lesion of 6-OHDA in the MFB. The RPE-M transplantation had therapeutic effect on 33% PD rats. Conclusion Porcine RPE cells grow actively in vitro and could secrete DA, HVA, BDNF, and GDNF constantly, which does not be affected by the passage culture and the APA miroencapsulation. RPE-M transplantation of may be a curative therapy for PD.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to isolate a prodigiosin producing strain and study its pigment fractions.[Method] Red pigment-producing bacteria was identified by physiological and biochemical characteristics after isolation...[Objective] The aim was to isolate a prodigiosin producing strain and study its pigment fractions.[Method] Red pigment-producing bacteria was identified by physiological and biochemical characteristics after isolation in plate.By using column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography,pigment fractions were separated and purified from the extractives of the strain after fermentation in flask,and then pigment fractions were analyzed via UV-Vis and LC/MS.[Result] A red pigment-producing Serratia marcescens strain NS-17 sampled from soil of Nanchang was isolated and identified.2 pigment fractions showing similar UV-Vis and LC/MS characters were separated and purified,the characters of fraction 1 were identical to those of prodigiosin,while fraction 2 showed a special UV-Vis absorption spectrum that had not been reported.[Conclusion] A prodigiosin-producing Serratia marcescens strain NS-17 and its 2 pigment fractions were isolated.展开更多
Comparative studies of absorption spectra of phycobiliproteins of Gracilaria lemaneiformis Greville and its pigmental mutants were conducted in this study. The results showed that the absorption spectra of phycoerythr...Comparative studies of absorption spectra of phycobiliproteins of Gracilaria lemaneiformis Greville and its pigmental mutants were conducted in this study. The results showed that the absorption spectra of phycoerythrins ( PE) from different material changed significantly, while those of phycocyanins (PC) and allophycocyanins (APC) were basically similar. In order to disclose the essence of die difference, partial sequences of die subunit genes of PE of Qingdao strain of G. lemaneiformis (qd) and its pigmental mutants were determined. The amino acid sequences were deduced and used to explain spectral shifts of PE from the pigmental mutants. The amino acid sequences of PE resembled each other, and several residues changed among qd and its pigmental mutants. Residue substitutions were found in a region consisting of amino acids which determined are secondary structure and subunits interactions, thus might influence the confirmation and interaction of subunits, and further caused spectral deviation.展开更多
文摘AIM:To highlight the importance of microRNA(miRNA)-21-5p in directing the phosphatase and tensin homolog(PTEN)gene to control the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(PI3K/Akt/mTOR)pathway in retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells in humans subjected to photodamage.METHODS:Human adult RPE cell line-19(ARPE-19)was cultured in vitro and randomly divided into control,damage,overexpression,negative,and PI3K/Akt blocker groups to establish a photodamage model of ARPE-19 cells.The models were subjected to 24h of light exposure,after which the corresponding indices were detected.The cell counting kit-8 assay quantified cell viability,while flow cytometry determined apoptosis rates.The miRNA-21 mimics and miRNA mimic NC were transfected into ARPE-19 cells using a transient transfection technique.Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(SYBR Green)and Western blotting analyzed expression levels of miRNA-21-5p,PTEN,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-mTOR/mTOR,and p-Akt/Akt.Statistical analyses comprised one-way analysis of variance and the Student-Newman-Keuls test for multiple group comparisons.RESULTS:The photodamage group demonstrated reduced cell survival rates than the control group(P<0.01).The overexpression group exhibited higher cell survival rates than the injury group(P<0.01).The negative group showed no difference in viability(P>0.05).The PI3K/Akt blocker group demonstrated lower cell viability,compared with the overexpression group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION:miRNA-21-5p significantly increases ARPE-19 cell survival after photodamage and inhibits lightinduced ARPE-19 cell apoptosis,suggesting that it may play a protective role in RPE by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway while downregulating PTEN expression.
文摘Novel green ceramic pigments Y_(3)Ga_(3)MgSiO_(12)∶xCr^(3+)(x=0−0.2)were successfully synthesized via the conventional solid-state approach.The properties of the pigments were studied by XRD,FE-SEM,UV-Vis spectroscopy,XPS,and chromaticity analysis.The findings reveal that the trivalent chromium ions occupy the[Ga1O6]octahedral sites within the garnet lattice,and the relatively weak crystal field environment provided by the matrix endows the pigments with green characteristics.The samples prepared by calcination at 1400℃exhibit the most excellent performance in terms of phase purity,morphology,and color properties.The chromaticity values for the representative sample Y_(3)Ga_(3)MgSiO_(12)∶0.05Cr^(3+)are L^(*)=81.16,a^(*)=−12.53,and b^(*)=12.71,and the color remains stable after the stability test.Moreover,when glazed with Y_(3)Ga_(3)MgSiO_(12)∶xCr^(3+)(x=0−0.2)pigments,the smooth glaze surfaces exhibit vivid and saturated green tones,demonstrating their remarkable coloring capabilities and promising potential as a practical pigment for medium-temperature applications.This research underscores the vast application prospects of Y_(3)Ga_(3)MgSiO_(12)∶Cr^(3+)as an innovative green ceramic pigment.
文摘Introduction: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the spine is a rare condition, with only a limited number of cases documented in the medical literature. In this study, we review imaging findings of two cases of PVNS arising in the spine. Case 1: A 52-year-old male presented with right thigh pain of unclear etiology. His condition subsequently deteriorated and he was referred to our hospital. MRI revealed a spinal tumor with high intensity on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and iso-intensity on T2WI in the right L2/3 intervertebral foramen. The tumor exhibited heterogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced MRI. Computed tomography (CT) myelography showed the presence of an epidural tumor within the right L2/3 intervertebral foramen, situated externally to the spinal canal and compressing the dura mater. Notable scalloping was observed in the posterior margin of the L2 vertebral body on CT images. Case 2: A 78-year-old male presented with a complaint of muscle weakness of the left upper limb. His gait gradually deteriorated, which led to suspicion of cervical myelopathy. A tumor was observed on plain MRI and exhibited low to iso-intensity on T1WI and high intensity on T2WI. The tumor was in the left C7/T1 intervertebral segment and the spinal cord was compressed from the left side. CT showed destruction of the medial aspect of the left C7 vertebral arch. Conclusion: In spinal PVNS, the signal intensity on MRI is dependent on the timing of hemorrhage within the tumor, and there are no distinctive features. However, if an extradural tumor is suspected and CT shows bone erosion, scalloping or osteolytic changes, PVNS should be considered as a differential diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFD2200600)Hebei Province Key R&D Program(21326304D)+2 种基金Hebei Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(HBCT2024190201)Hebei Provincial Program(HBCT2024190201)China Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(CARS-30-2-53007).
文摘Plant pigments have a vital role in plant pollination,aesthetic appeal,and quality of the fruit.Naturally occurring major plant pigments include anthocyanins,carotenoids,and chlorophyll.In addition to their coloration,these pigments possess additional beneficial properties,which is why they are often referred to as bioactive compounds.Moreover,they exhibit strong antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.The pigments,particularly beta-carotene(a precursor to vitamin A),a type of carotenoid,are crucial for maintaining good vision.They can help reduce the risk of age-related macular degeneration and improve overall eye health.The antioxidants found in fruit pigments may improve cognitive function and reduce neurodegeneration.This review article explores the processes involved in the biosynthesis of essential pigments in fruits,emphasizing their biological significance and various applications,including effects on human health and economic value.Understanding these mechanisms can improve the color and quality of fruits,resulting in high consumer acceptance and higher market demand.The numerous benefits of plant pigments have sparked growing interest in incorporating them into our food.However,in-depth research is required to explore the biological significance of fruit pigments,as well as their role in human food and nutrition.Studies have shown that these bioactive compounds can help prevent and manage chronic degenerative diseases.Further research is necessary in both fundamental and applied areas to enhance pigment levels in fruit to a degree sufficient for disease prevention.Comprehensive research into the genetic regulation of pigment biosynthesis could illuminate pathways for enhancing pigmentation through genetic engineering or traditional breeding methods.Genome editing technologies like CRISPR could be employed to improve specific pathways related to pigment biosynthesis in fruits.Further promising opportunities for the application of these pigments beyond the food industry should be investigated,focusing on their potential contributions in cosmetics,textiles,medicine,agriculture,and other sectors.
基金Supported by the Joint Project of Guangxi Provincial and China National Natural Science Foundations(Nos.U 20 A 20104,42306152)the Taishan Scholars Program to Prof.Rencheng YU。
文摘Pigments are widely used as indices for estimation of phytoplankton biomass and composition,and many protocols have been developed to analyze pigments in phytoplankton.Different protocols were compared using four solvents(methanol,95%methanol,dimethylformamide,and 90%acetone)and two instruments(fluorometer and high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)coupled with diode array detector).Analysis of chlorophyll a(Chl a)with fluorometer could lead to over-or underestimation due to the interference from its derivatives in all probability.Among the four extractants,90%acetone had a high recovery for chlorophylls.In contrast,95%methanol was a poor extractant for chlorophylls due to the degradation of Chl a,especially in diatoms.The 95%methanol,however,had high extraction efficiencies for most diagnostic xanthophylls.Therefore,the selection of pigment analytical protocols should follow the specific purpose of phytoplankton study.In addition to fluorometry,an HPLC method with 90%acetone as extractant shall be a good choice for the analysis of Chl a to estimate phytoplankton biomass,especially for diatom-dominated samples,while an HPLC method with 95%methanol as extractant be more suitable to characterize different taxa in phytoplankton communities.
文摘Objective:To investigate the mechanism of anticancer activity of a pigment OR3 from Streptomyces coelicolor in in vitro and in vivo metastatic breast cancer models and to characterize the pigment.Methods:The anticancer mechanism was analyzed in MDA-MB-231 cells using MTT,lactate dehydrogenase,caspase,DNA fragmentation,clonogenic,flow cytometry,Western blot,and scratch assays.The effects of OR3 on xenograft mouse models were evaluated by tumor volume measurement,hematological analysis,and histopathological observation.The characterization of OR3 was also performed using gas chromatograohy-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Results:OR3 exhibited potent cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells,with no observed effects on HEK-293 cells.Caspase-9 activation was detected in OR3-treated MDA-MB-231 cells.Flow cytometry showed a dose-dependent induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the sub-G_(1) and S phases.Furthermore,OR3 completely inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell migration and demonstrated anti-proliferative effects by downregulating the protein expression of KPNA2,XPO1,RAB5B,and p38 MAPK.In in vivo studies,OR3 was non-toxic to mice,inhibited tumor xenograft growth,and maintained normal hematological parameters and tissue architecture.Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy demonstrated the presence of a prodigiosin-like compound,while gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified additional compounds in OR3.Conclusions:Our findings validate OR3 pigment as a promising compound for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer,warranting further studies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171076,No.U22A20311,No.82388101)the National Key R&D Program(No.2022YFC2502800)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(No.2023KJ05-67).
文摘AIM:To investigate whether interleukin-17A(IL-17A)gets involved in the mechanisms of inflammation-related retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells injury and its significance in age-related macular degeneration(AMD).MRTHODS:A sodium iodate(NaIO3)mouse model as well as IL-17A-/-mice were established.The effects of inflammatory cytokines in RPE cells and retinal microglia before and after NaIO3 modeling in vivo and in vitro,were investigated using immunofluorescence,immunoprotein blotting,and quantitative real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR),respectively.Interventions using recombinant IL-17A protein(rIL-17A)or IL-17A neutralizing antibody(IL-17A NAb)were used to observe the subsequent differences in fundus,fundus photography and optical coherence tomography(OCT),cell viability,and expression of oxidative stress-related markers before and after modeling,and to screen for key signaling pathways.RESULTS:In the scenario of NaIO3 stimulation,RPE cells obviously tended to degenerate.Simultaneously proliferation and activation of retinal microglia was confirmed in NaIO3-stimulated mice,whereas such effects induced by NaIO3 were significantly ameliorated with IL-17A NAb intervention or in IL-17A-/-mice.In addition,IL-17A promoted the proliferation and activation of microglia as well as oxidative damage and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines alongside NaIO3-induced damage in RPE cells in vivo and ex vivo.Meanwhile,the extracellular signalregulated kinase(ERK)signaling pathway was shown to be participated in the regulation of NaIO3-induced RPE cells injury mediated by IL-17A in vivo and ex vivo,as IL-17A induced inflammatory cytokines release in the NaIO3 model was alleviated after blocking the ERK pathway.CONCLUSION:IL-17A probably promotes the NaIO3-induced RPE cells injury through exacerbating inflammation in terms of retinal microglia activation and inflammatory cytokines release via ERK signaling pathway.Inhibition of IL-17A may be a new potential target for dry AMD treatment.
基金Supported by Ganzhou Science and Technology Bureau“Science and Technology+Healthcare”Leading Talent Project(No.GZ2024YLJ020)Jiangxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology Key Research and Development Plan Projects(No.20203BBGL73133)Jiangxi Province“ShuangQian Plan”Innovation Talents Project(No.S2021CQKJ2297).
文摘Macular pigment(MP)is a crucial pigment in the macular region.It plays an important role in filtering blue light,and exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.Macular pigment optical density(MPOD)is a key indicator for assessing the density of MP in the macular area and is closely associated with eye diseases,including age-related macular degeneration,diabetic retinopathy,and glaucoma.This review aims to explore the clinical significance of MPOD and its research value in ophthalmology and other medical fields.It summarizes the current MPOD measurement techniques,categorizing them into two main types(in vivo and in vitro),and discusses their respective advantages and limitations.Additionally,given the advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and deep-learning technologies that offer new opportunities for improving MPOD assessment,this review analyzes the significant potential and future prospects of AI-based fundus image analysis in MPOD measurement.The goal of AI-based analysis is to provide faster and more accurate detection methods,thereby promoting further research and new clinical applications of MPOD in the field of ophthalmology.
基金Project supported by the Natural Science Foundation of The Educational Department of Liaoning Province(JYTMS20231627)。
文摘The emission wavelength of current near-infrared phosphors activated by Cr^(3+)is generally smaller than 900 nm in near-infrared(NIR)Ⅰ region,and it is extremely challenging and is of great practical significance to realize emission towards NIR-Ⅱ region.In this study,a novel Cr^(3+)excited KSrScSi_(2)O_(7)silicate broad-band phosphor was prepared using the traditional solid-state method.Cr^(3+)resides in a weak crystal field in the KSrScSi_(2)O_(7)lattice and exhibits broad-band near-infrared emission at 984 nm,longer than those of most Cr^(3+)activated phosphors,under 493 nm blue light excitation.This is due to the stro ng charge polarization caused by the unique local coordination environment of the silicate matrix,which leads to a reduction in the crystal field splitting energy of the[ScO_(6)]octahedron where Cr^(3+)is located and the downward shift of the^(4)T_(2)energy level.The optimal doping concentration of Cr^(3+)is found to be 2 mol%,and the quenching mechanism is dipole-dipole interaction.Compared to the phosphors with similar emission wavelengths(λ_(em)>900 nm),KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):Cr^(3+)demonstrates outstanding advantages in various aspects of luminescent performance.The fabricated phosphor-converted light-emitting diode(pc-LED)is shown to have the potential for night vision and non-invasive imaging.Novel application of KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)as stable green ceramic pigments is also explored.The KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)powders show a bright yellowish green appearance,and the KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):0.02Cr^(3+)typical composition has chromaticity values of L^(*)=82.73,a^(*)=-8.53,b^(*)=7.97.Remarkably,the glazing samples using KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)as pigments well retain the bright color after 1200℃sintering in different atmospheres.Therefore,multifunctional applications of KSrScSi_(2)O_(7):xCr^(3+)for near-infrared spectroscopy and as ceramic pigments are achieved in this work.
文摘Retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)dysfunction is involved in the advancement of numerous degenerative retinal illnesses,such as age-related macular degeneration and hereditary retinal abnormalities.Transplantation of RPE produced from stem cells has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to restore retinal function and prevent vision loss.However,other obstacles impede its clinical application,including immunological rejection,cell viability,functional integration,and the necessity for consistent differentiation techniques.This review offers a thorough examination of the molecular processes regulating RPE integrity,investigates recent progress in stem cell-derived RPE therapeutics,and addresses significant challenges to their broad implementation.Furthermore,we emphasize prospective avenues intended to enhance the safety,efficacy,and enduring success of RPE transplantation in clinical environments.
基金Supported by the Key Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(No.2022YFF1202901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82171404)+6 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China(No.2023A1515011529)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City(No.2023A03J0181No.2024A04J6481)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.22yklj04)the Research Start-up Founds of Sun Yat-sen University(No.[2020]18)the Scientific Research Project of Hunan Provincial Health Commission(No.w20243051)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2024JJ7003).
文摘AIM:To investigate the role of RNA methylation in retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells in age-related macular degeneration(AMD).METHODS:RNA methylation-related gene expression profiles of AMD patient and normal control retinal pigment epithelium were evaluated by single-cell transcriptome from 34 samples(11 from normal donors and 23 from AMD patients).The causal relationship between RNA methylation dysfunction and AMD was analyzed by summary-data-based Mendelian randomization(SMR)using AMD GWAS data and multi-omics quantitative trait loci(QTL),including expression QTLs(eQTLs),protein QTLs(pQTLs),splicing QTLs(sQTLs),and m^(6)A-QTLs(mQTLs).Additionally,machine learning models were applied to validate the causal association between RNA methylation dysfunction and AMD using Bulk RNA sequencing data from 31 normal donors and 37 AMD patients.RESULTS:The single-cell transcriptome data analysis revealed massive dysregulation of RNA methylationrelated methylationrelated gene expression in the RPE of AMD patients.SMR revealed causal associations between key RNA methylation regulators(METTL3,NSUN6,and MRM1,etc.)and AMD onset.Machine learning models further validated these findings and demonstrated a high accuracy of AMD risk prediction by using the above-identified RNA methylationrelated genes:METTL3,NSUN6,and MRM1.Furthermore,METTL3 and NSUN6 were found to have a protective effect,while MRM1 was associated with an increased risk of AMD.CONCLUSION:The results reveal the implication of dysregulation of RNA methylation-related gene expression in the RPE of AMD patients and further demonstrated a causal association between RNA methylation-related genes(METTL3,NSUN6,and MRM1)and AMD.These findings highlight the importance of RNA methylation in the pathogenesis of AMD and offer potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AMD management.
基金funded by the Guangzhou Sci-ence and Technology Project(No.201803020017).
文摘The giant triton snail Charonia tritonis is a marine large carnivorous gastropoda inhabiting in the Indo-Pacific Ocean.Their splendid and highly organized Charonia tritonis shells are attractive;however few studies have been conducted on shell ultra-structure and pigmentation.The arrangements of crossed-lamellar structures were distinctive for the giant triton snail shell,showing three layers of mineral structures in the cross-section.The 1st-order and 2nd-order lamellae of the shell were around 10-20μm and the crystals in outer layers intersected at right angles in this species.They were identified as aragonite crystals by Raman scattering,and granular organic matrix were attached to the aragonite mineral phase closely.Furthermore,the dominant Raman spectra from polyene pigments in the shell were characterized at wavenumbers of 1123 cm^(-1)and 1504 cm^(-1),assigned to stretching vibrations of carbon-carbon single(C-C)and double(C=C)bonds,and the polyene chain was confirmed with 11-12 C-C bonds and 12-13 conju-gated C=C bonds.The research will lay a foundation for exploring the relationship between the calcareous shell and the formation of shell color in the giant triton snail.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M701462)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072254)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Research Funding Program of Jiangsu Province(2021K097A)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP121106)the“Qing Lan Project”of Jiangsu Province。
文摘The dark blue pigment(DBP)is a health ingredient from Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb.leaves used as a functional food supplement.However,the details of transepithelial absorption on the intestinal epithelial cells are barely understood.This study aimed to clarify the absorption properties of DBP in the Caco-2 cell monolayer model and evaluate the effect on the endo-metabolism and barrier function of Caco-2 cells.The results showed that the DBP did not show the dose-dependent toxic effect to Caco-2 cells between 0.25 and 1.5 mg/mL,which did not cause disorder in the normal cell metabolism and absorption activity.The Caco-2 cell monolayer model could absorb DBP by passive and active transport,and the absorptive pattern was dosedependent when the concentration was more than 0.25 mg/mL.During DBP absorption,an increase in m RNA and protein expressions of glucose transporters demonstrated that the glucose transporters were the potential transporter of DBP.But the glucose transport amounts were significantly lowered after 30 min of DBP treatment,indicating that DBP owned the inhibitory effect on glucose transportation.Furthermore,DBP also owned protective effects on the barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Program of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology-Basic Research Program,No.202301BA070001-025.
文摘BACKGROUND Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is one of the major eye diseases contributing to blindness worldwide.Endoplasmic reticulum(ER)stress in retinal cells is a key factor leading to retinal inflammation and vascular leakage in DR,but its mechanism is still unclear.AIM To investigate the potential mechanism of LEF1 and related RNAs in DR.METHODS ARPE-19 cells were exposed to high levels of glucose for 24 hours to simulate a diabetic environment.Intraperitoneally injected streptozotocin was used to induce the rat model of DR.The expression levels of genes and related proteins were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blotting;lnc-MGC and miR-495-3p were detected by fluorescent in situ hybridization;CCK-8 and TUNEL assays were used to detect cell viability and apoptosis;enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect inflammatory factors;dual-luciferase gene assays were used to verify the targeting relationship;and the retina was observed by HE staining.RESULTS LEF1 and lnc-MGC have binding sites,and lnc-MGC can regulate the miR-495-3p/GRP78 molecular axis.In high glucose-treated cells,inflammation was aggravated,the intracellular reactive oxygen species concentration was increased,cell viability was reduced,apoptosis was increased,the ER response was intensified,and ferroptosis was increased.As an ER molecular chaperone,GRP78 regulates the ER and ferroptosis under the targeting of miR-495-3p,whereas inhibiting LEF1 can further downregulate the expression of lnc-MGC,increase the level of miR-495-3p,and sequentially regulate the level of GRP78 to alleviate the occurrence and development of DR.Animal experiments indicated that the knockdown of LEF1 can affect the lnc-MGC/miR-495-3p/GRP78 signaling axis to restrain the progression of DR.CONCLUSION LEF1 knockdown can regulate the miR-495-3p/GRP78 molecular axis through lnc-MGC,which affects ER stress and restrains the progression of DR and ferroptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30671644, 30771680)
文摘Four kinds of iron oxide pigments were added into wood-fiber/high-density-polyethylene composites （WF/HDPE） at three different concentrations, to determine the effects of pigments on the changes in the color and mechanical properties of the composites before and after UV accelerated weathering. HDPE, wood fibers, pigments and other processing additives were dry-mixed in a high-speed mixer. The mixtures were extruded by two-step extrusion process with a self-designed twin-screw/single-screw extruder system. Color of the samples was determined according to CIE 1976 L^＊a^＊b^＊ system by a spec- trophotometer and the bending properties were tested to evaluate the mechanical properties before and after accelerated UV weathering. The result shows that the modulus of elasticity of WF/HDPE did not obvi- ously changed after incorporating with the pigments, but the bending strength increased. After accelerated aging for 2000 h, both color and mechanical properties significantly changed. Iron oxide red and black performed better than the other two pigments, and the pigments dosage of 2.28% in the composites is favourable.
文摘[Objective] The study aimed at investigating the influence of enhanced UV-B radiation on photosynthesis of grapevine.[Method] The seedlings of Cabernet sauvignon were treated with different intensities of UV-B radiation under outdoor conditions,and then the contents of photosynthetic pigments and flavonoids in leaves were determined by measuring the absorbance of leaves extracts at 663,645,470 and 300 nm,respectively.[Result] The content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of grapevine obviously increased with time under the treatments of different enhanced UV-B radiation.Compared with the control,the chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,total chlorophyll and carotenoid were obviously increased by 5%,2%,4% and 3% in the enhanced UV-B radiation treatment of 10.8 μW/cm2（T1）,and in the treatment of 25.6 μW/cm2（T2） the corresponding levels were subsequently increased by 11%,9%,10% and 7% with a significant increase in the content of chlorophyll a.On the other hand,the flavonoids content in the leaves of grapevine were obviously increased by 13%,9% in T1 and T2.[Conclusion] The grapevine has strong adaptability to UV-B radiation,and appropriate enhanced UV-B radiation couldn＇t decrease the photosynthesis of grapevine leaves.
基金Commissaire Energie de Atomique de Francethe 9th Five-Year Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39890390)+1 种基金the State Key Basic Research Development Plan of China(973)(G1998010100)Innovation of Laboratory of Photosynthests Basic Research,Institute of Botany,The Chinese Acadeny of Sciences
文摘Linear dichroism (LD) spectroscopy is an important technique in the study of the orientation and organization of pigments in the photosynthetic membrane complexes in vivo and in vitro . In this work, the orientation of the pigments in the isolated photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ) sub_core reaction center complexes was analyzed and characterized by means of low temperature absorption and LD spectroscopy. The preparations containing different amounts of CP47 isolated from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) chloroplast were used in order to investigate the orientation of pigments in the PSⅡ sub_core CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 (CP47/D1/D2) complexes. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) absorbing at 680 nm in CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 complex showed an orientation of the Q y transition parallel to the membrane plane. It is proposed that there are two forms of β_carotene (β_Car) in CP47/D1/D2/Cyt b_559 complex, denoted as β_Car (Ⅰ) and β_Car (Ⅱ), with different orientations, β_Car (Ⅰ) at 470 and 505 nm is roughly parallel to the membrane plane, and β_Car (Ⅱ) at 460 and 490 nm seems to be perpendicular orientation. Upon the photoinhibitory experiment β_Car (Ⅱ) was found to be photosensitive and easily photodamaged. It also showed that the positive LD signal observed at 680 nm was quite complicated. This signal is tentatively attributed to P680 and some Chl a of antenna in CP47 protein based upon our measurements.
文摘Object To investigate the therapeutic effect of microencapsulated porcine retinal pigmented epithelial cells （RPE-M） transplantation on rat model of Parkinson＇s disease （PD）. Methods Primary porcine RPE cells were harvested by enzyme digestion and expanded in culture medium. Determine the levels ofdopamine （DA） and homovanillic acid （HVA） by high performance liquid chromatography electrochemical （HPLC） assay, and the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） and glial-derived neurotrophic factor （GDNF） were detected by ELISA. Alginate-polylysine-alginate （APA） microencapsulated cells were produced by using a high voltage electrostatic system. PD rat model was established by unilateral injection of 6-hydroxydopamine （6-OHDA） into the medial forebrain bundle （MFB）. After that, the RPE-M was transplanted into the corpus striatum of PD rat, and then the rotation test scores were recorded and biochemical changes of the corpus striatum were tested. Results The levels of DA, HVA, BDNF and GDNF secreted by RPE were stable in the RPE culture supernatant and were not changed by the microencapsulation. Eighty-three percent rats developed PD by unilateral lesion of 6-OHDA in the MFB. The RPE-M transplantation had therapeutic effect on 33% PD rats. Conclusion Porcine RPE cells grow actively in vitro and could secrete DA, HVA, BDNF, and GDNF constantly, which does not be affected by the passage culture and the APA miroencapsulation. RPE-M transplantation of may be a curative therapy for PD.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to isolate a prodigiosin producing strain and study its pigment fractions.[Method] Red pigment-producing bacteria was identified by physiological and biochemical characteristics after isolation in plate.By using column chromatography and thin-layer chromatography,pigment fractions were separated and purified from the extractives of the strain after fermentation in flask,and then pigment fractions were analyzed via UV-Vis and LC/MS.[Result] A red pigment-producing Serratia marcescens strain NS-17 sampled from soil of Nanchang was isolated and identified.2 pigment fractions showing similar UV-Vis and LC/MS characters were separated and purified,the characters of fraction 1 were identical to those of prodigiosin,while fraction 2 showed a special UV-Vis absorption spectrum that had not been reported.[Conclusion] A prodigiosin-producing Serratia marcescens strain NS-17 and its 2 pigment fractions were isolated.
文摘Comparative studies of absorption spectra of phycobiliproteins of Gracilaria lemaneiformis Greville and its pigmental mutants were conducted in this study. The results showed that the absorption spectra of phycoerythrins ( PE) from different material changed significantly, while those of phycocyanins (PC) and allophycocyanins (APC) were basically similar. In order to disclose the essence of die difference, partial sequences of die subunit genes of PE of Qingdao strain of G. lemaneiformis (qd) and its pigmental mutants were determined. The amino acid sequences were deduced and used to explain spectral shifts of PE from the pigmental mutants. The amino acid sequences of PE resembled each other, and several residues changed among qd and its pigmental mutants. Residue substitutions were found in a region consisting of amino acids which determined are secondary structure and subunits interactions, thus might influence the confirmation and interaction of subunits, and further caused spectral deviation.
