Typhonium flagelliforme(TF)is a Southeast Asian medicinal plant traditionally used for cancer,respiratory disorders,gastrointestinal complaints,wound healing,inflammation,and general health.Contemporary studies valida...Typhonium flagelliforme(TF)is a Southeast Asian medicinal plant traditionally used for cancer,respiratory disorders,gastrointestinal complaints,wound healing,inflammation,and general health.Contemporary studies validate these uses,showing potent anticancer,immunomodulatory,anti-inflammatory,gastroprotective,antibacterial,antioxidant,and wound-healing activities.Ethanol,dichloromethane,methanol,and ethyl acetate extracts exhibit strong cytotoxicity against breast(MCF-7,T47D),lung(NCI-H23),colon(WiDr),and leukemia(CEM-ss,WEHI-3)cells via apoptosis,telomerase inhibition,HER2/neu and BCL-2 suppression,and antiangiogenesis.Notably,2-octenoic acid and 2-hexenoic acid show exceptional activity(IC₅₀=2.66 and 3.10μg/mL)against MCF-7 cells.TF also restores lymphocyte proliferation,enhances macrophage activity,increases both CD4+and CD8+T-cell levels,and modulates cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1α,IL-10).Gastroprotective,anti-ulcer,antibacterial,antioxidant,and wound-healing effects further support traditional claims.Key phytochemicals include flavonoids(isovitexin,kaempferol,vitexin),phenolics(vanillin,4-hydroxybenzaldehyde),phytosterols(β-sitosterol,campesterol,stigmasterol,daucosterol),chlorophyll derivatives(pheophorbides),and long-chain fatty acids(linoleic,linolenic,oleic,stearic).These findings highlight TF as a source of multifunctional bioactive compounds,warranting further pharmacokinetic,safety,and clinical evaluation for evidence-based therapeutic development.展开更多
Date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)seeds,often discarded as by-products during date fruit processing,represent approximately 6-20%of the fruit’s mass depending on cultivar and maturity stage.Although traditionally used...Date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)seeds,often discarded as by-products during date fruit processing,represent approximately 6-20%of the fruit’s mass depending on cultivar and maturity stage.Although traditionally used for producing activated charcoal and in environmental remediation,their pharmacological potential remains underexplored.This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition,biological activity,and potential commercial value of seeds from four widely consumed Saharan cultivars(Assiane,Boufegouss,Aziza,and Majhoul)collected in the Figuig region.Soxhlet extraction was employed to obtain seed extracts,which were subsequently characterized by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening.The analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols,flavonoids,terpenoids,steroids,alkaloids,and other secondary metabolites.The Aziza and Boufegouss varieties were particularly rich in flavonoids(82.09-139.61 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g dry matter)and total polyphenols(69.81-1183.96 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g dry matter).Mineral profiling confirmed the occurrence of essential trace elements,including Zn,Cu,Fe,and Co.To investigate their antidiabetic potential,in vitro assays ofα-glucosidase andα-amylase inhibition were performed.Acetone extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against both enzymes,suggesting a promising role of P.dactylifera seed extracts as natural agents for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.展开更多
To explore the potential utilization of Elaeagnus mollis,we conducted a comprehensive assessment of its phytochemical composition,antioxidant properties,cholinesterase inhibition,and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation acti...To explore the potential utilization of Elaeagnus mollis,we conducted a comprehensive assessment of its phytochemical composition,antioxidant properties,cholinesterase inhibition,and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation activity across different plant parts(branch wood,branch bark,and pericarp)using various solvents(water,methanol,ethanol,and n-hexane).Our findings revealed that water extracts displayed superior antioxidant activities in ABTS and RP assays,while methanol extracts exhibited better performance in DPPH and FRAP assays.Moreover,methanol extracts demonstrated the highest effectiveness against anti-HepG2 cell proliferation,whereas n-hexane extracts showed greater efficiency in cholinesterase inhibition.Notably,branch bark extracts exhibited the highest levels of phytochemical compounds,with both branch bark and pericarp extracts demonstrating significant effects in cholinesterase inhibition and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation.Correlation analysis indicated that phytochemical compounds were primarily responsible for the observed biological activities.Overall,extracts from the branch bark and pericarp of E.mollis showed promising potential for antioxidant and anticancer activities,suggesting their suitability for applications in the pharmaceutical industry as health-promoting products.展开更多
Cardiac injury initiates repair mechanisms and results in cardiac remodeling and fi-brosis,which appears to be a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases.Cardiac fi-brosis is characterized by the accumulation of extra...Cardiac injury initiates repair mechanisms and results in cardiac remodeling and fi-brosis,which appears to be a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases.Cardiac fi-brosis is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins,mainly collagen in the cardiac interstitium.Many experimental studies have demonstrated that fibrotic injury in the heart is reversible;therefore,it is vital to understand differ-ent molecular mechanisms that are involved in the initiation,progression,and resolu-tion of cardiac fibrosis to enable the development of antifibrotic agents.Of the many experimental models,one of the recent models that has gained renewed interest is isoproterenol(ISP)-induced cardiac fibrosis.ISP is a synthetic catecholamine,sympa-thomimetic,and nonselectiveβ-adrenergic receptor agonist.The overstimulated and sustained activation ofβ-adrenergic receptors has been reported to induce biochemi-cal and physiological alterations and ultimately result in cardiac remodeling.ISP has been used for decades to induce acute myocardial infarction.However,the use of low doses and chronic administration of ISP have been shown to induce cardiac fibrosis;this practice has increased in recent years.Intraperitoneal or subcutaneous ISP has been widely used in preclinical studies to induce cardiac remodeling manifested by fibrosis and hypertrophy.The induced oxidative stress with subsequent perturbations in cellular signaling cascades through triggering the release of free radicals is consid-ered the initiating mechanism of myocardial fibrosis.ISP is consistently used to induce fibrosis in laboratory animals and in cardiomyocytes isolated from animals.In recent years,numerous phytochemicals and synthetic molecules have been evaluated in ISP-induced cardiac fibrosis.The present review exclusively provides a comprehensive summary of the pathological biochemical,histological,and molecular mechanisms of ISP in inducing cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy.It also summarizes the application of this experimental model in the therapeutic evaluation of natural as well as syn-thetic compounds to demonstrate their potential in mitigating myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy.展开更多
Objective To evaluate the antibacterial potential of bioactive compounds from Persicaria hydropiper(L.)(P.hydropiper)against bacterial virulence proteins through molecular docking(MD)and experimental validation.Method...Objective To evaluate the antibacterial potential of bioactive compounds from Persicaria hydropiper(L.)(P.hydropiper)against bacterial virulence proteins through molecular docking(MD)and experimental validation.Methods Six bioactive compounds from P.hydropiper were investigated:catechin(CAT1),hyperin(HYP1),ombuin(OMB1),pinosylvin(PSV1),quercetin 3-sulfate(QSF1),and scutellarein(SCR1).Their binding affinities and potential binding pockets were assessed through MD against four bacterial target proteins with Protein Data Bank identifiers(PDB IDs):topoisomerase IV from Escherichia coli(E.coli)(PDB ID:3FV5),Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)gyrase ATPase binding domain(PDB ID:3U2K),CviR from Chromobacterium violaceum(C.violaceum)(PDB ID:3QP1),and glycosyl hydrolase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)(PDB ID:5BX9).Molecular dynamics simulations(MDS)were performed on the most promising compound-protein complexes for 50 nanoseconds(ns).Drug-likeness was evaluated using Lipinski's Rule of Five(RO5),followed by absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion,and toxicity(ADMET)analysis using SwissADME and pkCSM web servers.Antibacterial activity was evaluated through disc diffusion assays,testing both individual compounds and combinations with conventional antibiotics[cefotaxime(CTX1,30μg/disc),ceftazidime(CAZ1,30μg/disc),and piperacillin(PIP1,100μg/disc)].Results MD revealed strong binding affinity(ranging from-9.3 to-5.9 kcal/mol)for all compounds,with CAT1 showing exceptional binding to 3QP1(-9.3 kcal/mol)and 5BX9(-8.4 kcal/mol).MDS confirmed the stability of CAT1-protein complexes with binding free energies of-84.71 kJ/mol(5BX9-CAT1)and-95.59 kJ/mol(3QP1-CAT1).Five compounds(CAT1,SCR1,PSV1,OMB1,and QSF1)complied with Lipinski's RO5 and showed favorable ADMET profiles.All compounds were non-carcinogenic,with CAT1 classified in the lowest toxicity class(VI).In antibacterial assays,CAT1 demonstrated significant activity against both gram-positive bacteria[Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae),S.aureus,and Bacillus cereus(B.cereus)][zone diameter of inhibition(ZDI):10-22 mm]and gram-negative bacteria[Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii),E.coli,and P.aeruginosa](ZDI:14-27 mm).Synergistic effects were observed when CAT1 was combined with antibiotics and the growth inhibitory indices(GII)was 0.69-1.00.Conclusion P.hydropiper bioactive compounds,particularly CAT1,show promising antibacterial potential through multiple mechanisms,including direct inhibition of bacterial virulence proteins and synergistic activity with conventional antibiotics.The favorable pharmacological properties and low toxicity profiles support their potential development as therapeutic agents against bacterial infections.展开更多
Skin,the largest organ in the human body,consists of three distinct layers and is a barrier against hazardous environmental exposures to safeguard overall body health.While the superficial layers of skin and their app...Skin,the largest organ in the human body,consists of three distinct layers and is a barrier against hazardous environmental exposures to safeguard overall body health.While the superficial layers of skin and their appendages,like hair,are constantly diminished,skin stem cells continuously regenerate new hair and skin cells to replace them.As we age,the regenerative capacity of skin stem cells is reduced,and skin wound healing and hair generation efficiency is compromised.At the same time,the production of collagen that supports the skin's structure,elasticity,texture,and appearance is reduced,leading to signs of skin aging such as wrinkles,sagging,and loss of skin firmness,which make skin vulnerable to hazardous environmental perturbations.In addition to a sophisticated local neuroendocrine system,several genes such as SOX9,NOTCH,TGFBs,CTGF,AGR3,DSTYK,TPCN2,and collagen,play vital roles in skin integrity and health.Environmental factors such as contaminants,toxins,sun or UV radiation,infections,and skin microbiome dysbiosis negatively impact skin health,primarily by affecting skin stem cells and/or critical genes supporting skin health.Conversely,various nutritional elements,phytochemicals(e.g.,curcumin,quercetin,rosemary,phenolic acids,and sesamin),as well as skin and gut microbiome parameters,help support skin health and prevent skin diseases or premature skin aging.This narrative review explores these topics and introduces potential remedies to promote skin health and mitigate skin aging and diseases.展开更多
Cornus capitata,commonly known as the Himalayan strawberry,is a dogwood species from the family Cornaceae.Dogwood plants have been used extensively to practice conventional medicine due to their biological activities;...Cornus capitata,commonly known as the Himalayan strawberry,is a dogwood species from the family Cornaceae.Dogwood plants have been used extensively to practice conventional medicine due to their biological activities;however,the mechanisms behind these activities,particularly in C.capitata,remain largely unexplored.This study focuses on the preliminary phytochemical screening,antioxidant activity,anti-diabetic potential,and antimicrobial profiling of different extracts(i.e.,leaves,bark,and fruit)from C.capitata to evaluate its potential pharmaceutical and medicinal applications.The in-vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging assay,Ferric-reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)assay,and Superoxide Anion Scavenging assay.The anti-diabetic potential was assessed usingα-Glucosidase,α-Amylase,and Pancreatic lipase inhibition assay.The anti-microbial activity was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer method and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration(MIC).According to the quantitative investigation,the most substantial quantities of flavonoids and phenolic compounds were identified in the leaves of C.capitata.Antioxidant activity results corroborated this conclusion,demonstrating that methanolic leaf extract had strong antioxidant activity,with the lowest IC_(50) values recorded for the DPPH(32.4±0.19µg/mL)and Superoxide Radical Scavenging(37.10±0.21µg/mL)assays.Furthermore,the methanolic leaf extract displayed the highestα-Glucosidase inhibitory potential(IC_(50)=6.09±0.52µg/mL),while the methanolic bark extract exhibited the highestα-Amylase inhibitory activity(IC_(50)=49.10±0.38µg/mL).Regarding antimicrobial potential,the paper disc diffusion assay showed that none of the extracts demonstrated antibacterial effects against E.coli.However,the MIC assay revealed that the leaves and bark extracts exhibited antibacterial properties with MIC values of 80 and 500µg/mL against E.coli,respectively.The paper disc diffusion assay against C.albicans indicated the antimicrobial potency of all three extracts.The crude methanolic extract of C.capitata shows strong antioxidant and antidiabetic potential,highlighting its therapeutic value.This is the first comparative investigation of leaf,bark,and fruit extracts of C.capitata to orchestrate the phytochemical profile and evaluate the antioxidant,antidiabetic,and antimicrobial activities.Nevertheless,further studies are needed to understand its biological implications.展开更多
The integration of phytochemistry into forensic science has emerged as a groundbreaking frontier,providing unprecedented insights into nature's secrets through the precise application of phytochemical fingerprinti...The integration of phytochemistry into forensic science has emerged as a groundbreaking frontier,providing unprecedented insights into nature's secrets through the precise application of phytochemical fingerprinting of phytotoxins as a cutting-edge approach.This study explores the dynamic intersection of phytochemistry and forensic science,highlighting how the unique phytochemical profiles of toxic plants and their secondary metabolites,serve as distinctive markers for forensic investigations.By utilizing advanced techniques such as Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(UHPLC)and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry(HRMS),the detection and quantification of plant-derived are made more accurate in forensic contexts.Real-world case studies are presented to demonstrate the critical role of plant toxins in forensic outcomes and legal proceedings.The challenges,potential,and future prospects of integrating phytochemical fingerprinting of plant toxins into forensic science were discussed.This review aims to illuminate phytochemical fingerprinting of plant toxins as a promising tool to enhance the precision and depth of forensic analyses,offering new insights into the complex stories embedded in plant toxins.展开更多
Leishmaniasis is a dangerous yet neglected tropical disease affecting a vast population of the world.Several medicinal plants and their constituents(natural products/phytochemicals)have been considered of prime import...Leishmaniasis is a dangerous yet neglected tropical disease affecting a vast population of the world.Several medicinal plants and their constituents(natural products/phytochemicals)have been considered of prime importance for the management of leishmaniasis over the years.The present review sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of the constituents obtained from medicinal plants that are pre-clinically effective against leishmaniasis.Various mechanisms by which medicinal plant-derived natural products elicit their action against leishmaniasis are illustrated in the literature.The mechanisms identified include:disruption of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes,induction of apoptosis and autophagy,modulation of gene expression and immunological pathways,pro-oxidant effects(disrupting redox balance)with mitochondrial dysfunction,cell cycle arrest,impaired cellular bioenergetics,i.e.,adenosine triphosphate production and coagulation of cellular contents within Leishmania parasites.Future phytochemical and pharmacological(especially clinical)studies are necessary to further understand the mechanistic details of medicinal plant-derived natural compounds and to develop new phytotherapeutic entities from nature against leishmaniasis.展开更多
Obesity has become a significant global public health issue.Previous studies have found that the Chenpi has the anti-obesity activity.However,the anti-obesity phytochemicals and their mechanisms are still unclear.This...Obesity has become a significant global public health issue.Previous studies have found that the Chenpi has the anti-obesity activity.However,the anti-obesity phytochemicals and their mechanisms are still unclear.This study investigated the anti-obesity phytochemicals and molecular mechanisms involved in treating obesity by Chenpi through network pharmacology and molecular docking.A total of 17 bioactive phytochemicals from Chenpi and its 475 related anti-obesity targets have been identified.The KEGG pathway analysis showed that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,AMPK signaling pathway,and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway are the main signaling pathways involved in the anti-obesity effect of Chenpi.According to molecular docking analysis,the phytochemicals of Chenpi can bind to central anti-obesity targets.Based on the ADMET analysis and network pharmacology results,tangeretin exhibited the lowest predicted toxicity and potential for anti-obesity effects.In the in vitro lipid accumulation model,tangeretin effectively suppressed the free fatty acid-induced lipid in Hep G2 cells by upregulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3βsignaling pathway based on the result of q-PCR and Western blotting.The outcomes of this research give insights for future research on the anti-obesity phytochemicals and molecular mechanisms derived from Chenpi,also providing the theoretical basis for developing anti-obesity functional foods based on Chenpi.展开更多
The increasing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)and the constraints of existing treatment methods have spurred a keen interest in investigating alternative therapies.Medicinal plants,renowned for their long...The increasing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)and the constraints of existing treatment methods have spurred a keen interest in investigating alternative therapies.Medicinal plants,renowned for their long-standing use in traditional medicine,offer a hopeful avenue for discovering new neuroprotective agents.This study emphasizes the potential neuroprotective characteristics of edible fruit plants in Bangladesh,specifically focusing on their traditional folk medicine uses for neurological disorders.This study provides an in-depth overview of the different types of edible fruit trees in Bangladesh and their phytochemicals,including flavonoids,terpenoids,and phenolic acids.This work examines the scientific data supporting the neuroprotective properties of bioactive chemicals from plants.It further explores the mechanisms by which these compounds work to counteract oxidative stress,decrease inflammation,and stimulate neurogenesis.Moreover,the study investigates toxicological characteristics and bioactive components of some fruits,emphasizing the importance of further investigation to measure their safety profile comprehensively.This thorough study highlights the potential benefits of Bangladesh's edible fruit trees as a rich source of neuroprotective chemicals.It also shows that additional research might lead to novel approaches for improving brain functioning and preventing NDs.展开更多
BACKGROUND The hepatoprotective effects of phytochemicals are controversial.A dietary phytochemical index(DPI)has been suggested as an alternative method for quantifying the phytochemical content of foods.AIM To asses...BACKGROUND The hepatoprotective effects of phytochemicals are controversial.A dietary phytochemical index(DPI)has been suggested as an alternative method for quantifying the phytochemical content of foods.AIM To assess the DPI in relation to liver function tests among a representative sample of Iranian adults.METHODS A total of 5111 participants aged 35-70 years old were included in this cross-sectional study by a multistage cluster random sampling method.Dietary intakes were collected by a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire with 121 items.DPI was calculated by the percent of daily energy intake taken from phytochemical-rich foods.Fasting serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and gamma glutamyl transferase(GGT)were determined.Linear regression was used to investigate the association between DPI and levels of liver enzymes using crude and adjusted models.RESULTS There was an inverse association between DPI score and serum ALP in the crude model(β=-0.05;P<0.001).This association remained significant after adjustment for body mass index,age,smoking,energy intake,history of diabetes,and education(β=-0.03;P=0.01).No significant associations were found between DPI score and serum levels of AST,ALT,and GGT.The individuals with the highest DPI scores consumed significantly higher amounts of fruits,vegetables,legumes,nuts,and cereals,yet were shown to have significantly higher serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,as well as several other metabolic abnormalities.CONCLUSION Higher adherence to phytochemical-rich foods was associated with lower levels of ALP,but no change in other liver enzymes.Those with higher DPI scores also consumed food items associated with a healthier overall dietary pattern;however,they also presented several unexpected metabolic derangements.Additional randomised trials are needed to better determine the effects of phytochemical-rich foods on liver function.展开更多
Objective:To study the morphology,biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica(C.parasitica)(L.) H.Lev.Methods: Morphological studies on epidermal glands we...Objective:To study the morphology,biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica(C.parasitica)(L.) H.Lev.Methods: Morphological studies on epidermal glands were earned out by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope.To prepare the extract,the shade-dried fronds of glandular morphotype were soaked in acetone.For antibacterial studies paper disc method was followed by using various pathogenic bacteria.Results:Detailed micromorphological,phytochemical and bioactivity studies on a medicinal fern C.parasitica(L.) H.Lev.showed its inlraspecific variation in antibacterial activity.The presence or absence of the epidermal glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the morphovariants of this species.The epidermal glands were orange-coloured,stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2μm×45μm,and distributed on the undersurface of cosla,coslules and veins in croziers,young and mature leaves.Frequency of glands varied from 15/cm on costa in mature leaves to 140/cm on costules in croziers.The acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against mosquito larvae and tadpoles of frog.Preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids,alkaloids,tannins,saponins and flavonoids in it.Conclusions:The present study shows that epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of C. parasitica(L.) H.Lev.have several bioactive compounds and such rare moiphovariant should be conserved in nature.The next step is to isolate the pure compounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual compounds of the epidermal glands.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Scholia latifolia(S.latifolia)bark locally used for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced ailments in South Afr...Objective:To evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Scholia latifolia(S.latifolia)bark locally used for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced ailments in South Africa.Methods:The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of aqueous extract of the plant was assessed against 1,1-diphenyl-2-pierylhydrazyl(DPPH),nitric oxide(NO),2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt(ABTS)and the ferric reducing agent.Total phenolics,flavonoids,flavonols and proanthocyanidins were also determined to assess their corresponding effect on the antioxidant activity of this plant.Results:The activities of plant extract against DPPH,ABTS and NO radicals were concentration dependent with IC_(50)value of 0.06,0.05 and 0.05 mg/mL,respectively.The reducing power of the extract was greater than that of butylated hydroxyl toluene(BHT)and ascorbic acid which were used as standard drugs in a concentration dependent manner.The total phenolics content of the aqueous bark extract was(193.33±0.03 TE/g),followed by flavonoids(72.70±0.01 QE/g),proanthocyanidins|48.76±0.00 CE/g)and flavonols(47.76±0.21 QE/g).Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of percentage tannin(11.40±0.02),alkaloid(9.80±0.01),steroids(18.20±0.01),glycosides(29.80±0.01)and saponins(6.80±0.00).The results exhibited a positive linear correlation between these polyphenols and the free radical scavenging activities.Conclusions:Our findings provide evidence that the crude aqueous extract of S.latifolia is a potential source of natural antioxidants and this justifies its uses in folkloric medicines.展开更多
In the postharvest processing of tea leaves,withering is the first indispensable manufacturing process which produces the mellow,umami and sweet taste of white tea.In this study,we aimed to determine the dynamic chang...In the postharvest processing of tea leaves,withering is the first indispensable manufacturing process which produces the mellow,umami and sweet taste of white tea.In this study,we aimed to determine the dynamic changes of the main metabolites and clarify the key differentially expressed genes(DEGs) involved in forming the characteristic taste of white tea during withering.Phytochemical analyses revealed that the contents of total catechins and starch decreased continuously,whereas the contents of theaflavin,γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),maltose,and soluble sugars increased significantly during withering(from 0–48 h).Meanwhile,the elevation of α-amylase(AMY),β-amylase(BAM),total amylase,and glutamate decarboxylase(GAD) activities may be correlated with the accumulation of GABA and maltose.By transcriptome sequencing,we detected 9 707,15 921,17 353,and 17 538 DEGs at 12,24,36,and 48 h of the withering process,respectively,compared with 0 h sample(fresh leaves).The transcript levels of most of the DEGs involved in catechin biosynthesis were significantly inhibited,whereas those involved in catechin oxidation were significantly up-regulated,which could be correlated to a decrease in catechin content and an increase in theaflavin content.The DEGs involved in GABA biosynthesis were considerably up-regulated,and the down-regulation of SPMS could reduce the competition for converting spermidine to GABA.The up-regulation of the AMY and BAM genes could trigger starch degradation,resulting in the increase of soluble sugar content.These results provide new insights into the importance of the withering process to the characteristic taste of white tea.展开更多
Objective:To assess antioxidant activities of different parts of Euphorbia hirta（E.hirta）,and to search for new sources of safe and inexpensive antioxidants.Methods:Samples of leaves,stems, flowers and roots from E....Objective:To assess antioxidant activities of different parts of Euphorbia hirta（E.hirta）,and to search for new sources of safe and inexpensive antioxidants.Methods:Samples of leaves,stems, flowers and roots from E.hirta were tested for total phenolic content,and flavonoids content and in vitro antioxidant activity by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） assay and reducing power was measured using cyanoferrate method.Results:The leaves extract exhibited a maximum DPPH scavenging activity of（72.96±0.78）%followed by the flowers,roots and stems whose scavenging activities were（52.45±0.66）%,（48.59±0.97）%,and（44.42±0.94）%,respectively.The standard butylated hydroxytoluene（BHT） was（75.13±0.75）%.The IC<sub>50</sub>,for leaves,flowers,roots,stems and BHT were 0.803,0.972,0.989,1.358 and 0.794 mg/mL,respectively.The reducing power of the leaves extract was comparable with that of ascorbic acid and found to be dose dependent. Leaves extract had the highest total phenolic content[（206.17±1.95） mg GAE/g],followed by flowers,roots and stems extracts which were（117.08±3.10） mg GAE/g,（83.15±1.19） mg GAE/g,and （65.70±1.72） mg GAE/g,respectively.On the other hand,total flavonoids content also from leave had the highest value[（37.970±0.003） mg CEQ/g],followed by flowers,roots and stems extracts which were（35.200±0.002） mg CEQ/g,（24.350±0.006） mg CEQ/g,and（24.120±0.004） mg CEQ/ g,respectively.HPTLC bioautography analysis of phenolic and antioxidant substance revealed phenolic compounds.Phytochemical screening of E.hirta leaf extract revealed the presence of reducing sugars,terpenoids,alkaloids,steroids,tannins,flavanoids and phenolic compounds. Conclusions:These results suggeste that E.hirta have strong antioxidant potential.Further study is necessary for isolation and characterization of the active antioxidant agents,which can be used to treat various oxidative stress-related diseases.展开更多
Nuclear factor kB(NF-kB)is a ubiquitous regulator of the signalome and is indispensable for various biological cell functions.NF-kB consists of five transcription factors that execute both cytoplasmic and nuclear sign...Nuclear factor kB(NF-kB)is a ubiquitous regulator of the signalome and is indispensable for various biological cell functions.NF-kB consists of five transcription factors that execute both cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling processes in cells.NF-kB is the only signaling molecule that governs both pro-and antiapoptotic,and pro-and anti-inflammatory responses.This is due to the canonical and non-canonical components of the NF-kB signaling pathway.Together,these pathways orchestrate cancer-related inflammation,hyperplasia,neoplasia,and metastasis.Non-canonical NF-kB pathways are particularly involved in the chemoresistance of cancer cells.In view of its pivotal role in cancer progression,NF-kB represents a potentially significant therapeutic target for modifying tumor cell behavior.Several phytochemicals are known to modulate NF-kB pathways through the stabilization of its inhibitor,IkB,by inhibiting phosphorylation and ubiquitination thereof.Several natural pharmacophores are known to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-kB and associated pro-inflammatory responses and cell survival pathways.In view of this and the high degree of specificity exhibited by various phytochemicals for the NF-kB component,we herein present an in-depth overview of these phytochemicals and discuss their mode of interaction with the NF-kB signaling pathways for controlling the fate of tumor cells for cancerdirected interventions.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the phytochemical and anti-bacterial potential of mother plants in vivo and in vitro derived callus of Baliospermum montanum(B.montanum)(Willd.) Muell.-Arg. leaves and root.Methods:The in vitro d...Objective:To evaluate the phytochemical and anti-bacterial potential of mother plants in vivo and in vitro derived callus of Baliospermum montanum(B.montanum)(Willd.) Muell.-Arg. leaves and root.Methods:The in vitro derived rootlets and leaves segments of B.montanum were cut into 0.5-0.7 cm in length and cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,gelled with 0.7%agar and different concentration of 2,4-D either alone or in combinations.The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed by Harborne method.Antibacterial efficacy was performed by well diffusion method and incubated for 24 h at 37℃.Results:The highest percentage of callus formation(leaves segments 86.9±0.56:root segments 78.7±0.51) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog’s basal medium supplemented with 3%sucrose and 2.0 mg/L of 2.4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid.The phytochemical study revealed the high quantity presence of steroids,triterpenoids,glycosides,saponins,alkaloids,flavanoids, phenolic compounds,tannins,sugars etc of root and leaves derived calli.The ethanol extract of leaves segment derived calli of B.montanum showed the maximum solubility and antimicrobial activity with the MIC ranged from 100 to 200μL.Conclusions:The preliminary phytochemical study confirmed that the calli mediated tissues showed the higher percentage of metabolite constituents and extraction value compared to the in vivo leaves and roots.The present study observation suggested that a possibility to establish high yielding genotypes by in vitro culture for production of medicinally important bioactive compounds.展开更多
Objective:To elucidate its pharmacological activities and medicinal potential of extract of Etlingera elatior（E.elatior）.Methods:Phytochemical screening of the flower extract was done to determine the phytochemical ...Objective:To elucidate its pharmacological activities and medicinal potential of extract of Etlingera elatior（E.elatior）.Methods:Phytochemical screening of the flower extract was done to determine the phytochemical in the extract.The pharmacological study included the determination of antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration（MIC） of metabolic flower extract.The antimicrobial activity of the extract was tested against medically important bacterial,yeast and fungal strains.Apart from that,the methanolic extract of E.elatior flower was further tested in vivo toxicity using the brine shrimp lethality test.Moreover,the flower extract was qualitatively screened for their free radical scavenging activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl radical（DPPH） assay.Results:The extract was effective on tested microorganisms and MIC values were in the range of 1.563-50.000 mg/mL.The brine shrimp lethality test exhibited no significant toxicity(LC<sub>50</sub>= 2.52 mg/mL) against Artemia salina.The E.elatior flower extract with high LC<sub>50</sub> value signified that this plant is not toxic to humans.While the phytochemical screening of the flower extract revealed the presence of the following compounds: flavonoids,terpenoids,saponin,tannins and carbohydrates whereas,alkaloids,anthraquinone and reducing sugars were absent.The concentration of the flower extract required for 50% inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging effect(IC<sub>50</sub>) were 9.14 mg/mL and 8.08 mg/mL for butylated hydroxytoluene 8.08 mg/mL.Conclusions:These findings indicate that the extract of E.elatior flower possesses pharmacological properties and potential to develop natural products based pharmaceuticals products.展开更多
Objective:To determine the antibacterial,antifungal,antiprotozoal,cytotoxic,and phytochemical properties of ethanol extracts of leaves of Voacanga globosa(Blanco) Merr.(V.globosa). Methods:The extracts were tested aga...Objective:To determine the antibacterial,antifungal,antiprotozoal,cytotoxic,and phytochemical properties of ethanol extracts of leaves of Voacanga globosa(Blanco) Merr.(V.globosa). Methods:The extracts were tested against bacteria and fungus through disc diffusion assay; against protozoa through growth curve determination,antiprotozoal and cytotoxicity assays. Results:The extract revealed antibacterial activities,inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Micrococcus luteus,and Salmonella typhimurium.Antifungal assay showed that it inhibited Candida albicans.The antiprotozoal assay against Trichomonas vaginalis and Entamoeba histolytica showed that V.globosa can inhibit the parasites,wherein the action can be comparable to metronidazole.With the in situ cell death detection kit.Trichomonas vaginalis and Entamoeba histolytica exposed to V.globosa leaf extract was observed to fluoresce simultaneously in red and yellow signals signifying apoptotic-like changes.Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the chemical composition of plant extract containing alkaloids,saponins,2-deoxysugars,and hydrolysabie tannins.Conclusions: Thus,thus study provides scientific evidence on the traditional use of V.globosa leaf extract in treating microbial diseases.Further,the leaf extract can possibly be used to produce alternative forms of antimicrobials.展开更多
基金the Ministry of Higher Education(MOHE),Malaysia,for funding this research through grant no.IF070-2020the Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development(SATREPS)program,administered by the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development(AMED)and the Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA).
文摘Typhonium flagelliforme(TF)is a Southeast Asian medicinal plant traditionally used for cancer,respiratory disorders,gastrointestinal complaints,wound healing,inflammation,and general health.Contemporary studies validate these uses,showing potent anticancer,immunomodulatory,anti-inflammatory,gastroprotective,antibacterial,antioxidant,and wound-healing activities.Ethanol,dichloromethane,methanol,and ethyl acetate extracts exhibit strong cytotoxicity against breast(MCF-7,T47D),lung(NCI-H23),colon(WiDr),and leukemia(CEM-ss,WEHI-3)cells via apoptosis,telomerase inhibition,HER2/neu and BCL-2 suppression,and antiangiogenesis.Notably,2-octenoic acid and 2-hexenoic acid show exceptional activity(IC₅₀=2.66 and 3.10μg/mL)against MCF-7 cells.TF also restores lymphocyte proliferation,enhances macrophage activity,increases both CD4+and CD8+T-cell levels,and modulates cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1α,IL-10).Gastroprotective,anti-ulcer,antibacterial,antioxidant,and wound-healing effects further support traditional claims.Key phytochemicals include flavonoids(isovitexin,kaempferol,vitexin),phenolics(vanillin,4-hydroxybenzaldehyde),phytosterols(β-sitosterol,campesterol,stigmasterol,daucosterol),chlorophyll derivatives(pheophorbides),and long-chain fatty acids(linoleic,linolenic,oleic,stearic).These findings highlight TF as a source of multifunctional bioactive compounds,warranting further pharmacokinetic,safety,and clinical evaluation for evidence-based therapeutic development.
文摘Date palm(Phoenix dactylifera L.)seeds,often discarded as by-products during date fruit processing,represent approximately 6-20%of the fruit’s mass depending on cultivar and maturity stage.Although traditionally used for producing activated charcoal and in environmental remediation,their pharmacological potential remains underexplored.This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition,biological activity,and potential commercial value of seeds from four widely consumed Saharan cultivars(Assiane,Boufegouss,Aziza,and Majhoul)collected in the Figuig region.Soxhlet extraction was employed to obtain seed extracts,which were subsequently characterized by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening.The analyses revealed the presence of polyphenols,flavonoids,terpenoids,steroids,alkaloids,and other secondary metabolites.The Aziza and Boufegouss varieties were particularly rich in flavonoids(82.09-139.61 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g dry matter)and total polyphenols(69.81-1183.96 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g dry matter).Mineral profiling confirmed the occurrence of essential trace elements,including Zn,Cu,Fe,and Co.To investigate their antidiabetic potential,in vitro assays ofα-glucosidase andα-amylase inhibition were performed.Acetone extracts demonstrated significant inhibitory activity against both enzymes,suggesting a promising role of P.dactylifera seed extracts as natural agents for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31600549).
文摘To explore the potential utilization of Elaeagnus mollis,we conducted a comprehensive assessment of its phytochemical composition,antioxidant properties,cholinesterase inhibition,and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation activity across different plant parts(branch wood,branch bark,and pericarp)using various solvents(water,methanol,ethanol,and n-hexane).Our findings revealed that water extracts displayed superior antioxidant activities in ABTS and RP assays,while methanol extracts exhibited better performance in DPPH and FRAP assays.Moreover,methanol extracts demonstrated the highest effectiveness against anti-HepG2 cell proliferation,whereas n-hexane extracts showed greater efficiency in cholinesterase inhibition.Notably,branch bark extracts exhibited the highest levels of phytochemical compounds,with both branch bark and pericarp extracts demonstrating significant effects in cholinesterase inhibition and anti-HepG2 cell proliferation.Correlation analysis indicated that phytochemical compounds were primarily responsible for the observed biological activities.Overall,extracts from the branch bark and pericarp of E.mollis showed promising potential for antioxidant and anticancer activities,suggesting their suitability for applications in the pharmaceutical industry as health-promoting products.
基金United Arab Emirates University,Grant/Award Number:12R104 and 12R121。
文摘Cardiac injury initiates repair mechanisms and results in cardiac remodeling and fi-brosis,which appears to be a leading cause of cardiovascular diseases.Cardiac fi-brosis is characterized by the accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins,mainly collagen in the cardiac interstitium.Many experimental studies have demonstrated that fibrotic injury in the heart is reversible;therefore,it is vital to understand differ-ent molecular mechanisms that are involved in the initiation,progression,and resolu-tion of cardiac fibrosis to enable the development of antifibrotic agents.Of the many experimental models,one of the recent models that has gained renewed interest is isoproterenol(ISP)-induced cardiac fibrosis.ISP is a synthetic catecholamine,sympa-thomimetic,and nonselectiveβ-adrenergic receptor agonist.The overstimulated and sustained activation ofβ-adrenergic receptors has been reported to induce biochemi-cal and physiological alterations and ultimately result in cardiac remodeling.ISP has been used for decades to induce acute myocardial infarction.However,the use of low doses and chronic administration of ISP have been shown to induce cardiac fibrosis;this practice has increased in recent years.Intraperitoneal or subcutaneous ISP has been widely used in preclinical studies to induce cardiac remodeling manifested by fibrosis and hypertrophy.The induced oxidative stress with subsequent perturbations in cellular signaling cascades through triggering the release of free radicals is consid-ered the initiating mechanism of myocardial fibrosis.ISP is consistently used to induce fibrosis in laboratory animals and in cardiomyocytes isolated from animals.In recent years,numerous phytochemicals and synthetic molecules have been evaluated in ISP-induced cardiac fibrosis.The present review exclusively provides a comprehensive summary of the pathological biochemical,histological,and molecular mechanisms of ISP in inducing cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy.It also summarizes the application of this experimental model in the therapeutic evaluation of natural as well as syn-thetic compounds to demonstrate their potential in mitigating myocardial fibrosis and hypertrophy.
基金Research Grants of Senior Research Fellowship in favor of first author(Gloak Majumdar)from Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR,New Delhi,Government of India)(CSIR-SRF)with Award No.09/1151/(0008)2020-EMR-I.
文摘Objective To evaluate the antibacterial potential of bioactive compounds from Persicaria hydropiper(L.)(P.hydropiper)against bacterial virulence proteins through molecular docking(MD)and experimental validation.Methods Six bioactive compounds from P.hydropiper were investigated:catechin(CAT1),hyperin(HYP1),ombuin(OMB1),pinosylvin(PSV1),quercetin 3-sulfate(QSF1),and scutellarein(SCR1).Their binding affinities and potential binding pockets were assessed through MD against four bacterial target proteins with Protein Data Bank identifiers(PDB IDs):topoisomerase IV from Escherichia coli(E.coli)(PDB ID:3FV5),Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)gyrase ATPase binding domain(PDB ID:3U2K),CviR from Chromobacterium violaceum(C.violaceum)(PDB ID:3QP1),and glycosyl hydrolase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)(PDB ID:5BX9).Molecular dynamics simulations(MDS)were performed on the most promising compound-protein complexes for 50 nanoseconds(ns).Drug-likeness was evaluated using Lipinski's Rule of Five(RO5),followed by absorption,distribution,metabolism,excretion,and toxicity(ADMET)analysis using SwissADME and pkCSM web servers.Antibacterial activity was evaluated through disc diffusion assays,testing both individual compounds and combinations with conventional antibiotics[cefotaxime(CTX1,30μg/disc),ceftazidime(CAZ1,30μg/disc),and piperacillin(PIP1,100μg/disc)].Results MD revealed strong binding affinity(ranging from-9.3 to-5.9 kcal/mol)for all compounds,with CAT1 showing exceptional binding to 3QP1(-9.3 kcal/mol)and 5BX9(-8.4 kcal/mol).MDS confirmed the stability of CAT1-protein complexes with binding free energies of-84.71 kJ/mol(5BX9-CAT1)and-95.59 kJ/mol(3QP1-CAT1).Five compounds(CAT1,SCR1,PSV1,OMB1,and QSF1)complied with Lipinski's RO5 and showed favorable ADMET profiles.All compounds were non-carcinogenic,with CAT1 classified in the lowest toxicity class(VI).In antibacterial assays,CAT1 demonstrated significant activity against both gram-positive bacteria[Streptococcus pneumoniae(S.pneumoniae),S.aureus,and Bacillus cereus(B.cereus)][zone diameter of inhibition(ZDI):10-22 mm]and gram-negative bacteria[Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii),E.coli,and P.aeruginosa](ZDI:14-27 mm).Synergistic effects were observed when CAT1 was combined with antibiotics and the growth inhibitory indices(GII)was 0.69-1.00.Conclusion P.hydropiper bioactive compounds,particularly CAT1,show promising antibacterial potential through multiple mechanisms,including direct inhibition of bacterial virulence proteins and synergistic activity with conventional antibiotics.The favorable pharmacological properties and low toxicity profiles support their potential development as therapeutic agents against bacterial infections.
文摘Skin,the largest organ in the human body,consists of three distinct layers and is a barrier against hazardous environmental exposures to safeguard overall body health.While the superficial layers of skin and their appendages,like hair,are constantly diminished,skin stem cells continuously regenerate new hair and skin cells to replace them.As we age,the regenerative capacity of skin stem cells is reduced,and skin wound healing and hair generation efficiency is compromised.At the same time,the production of collagen that supports the skin's structure,elasticity,texture,and appearance is reduced,leading to signs of skin aging such as wrinkles,sagging,and loss of skin firmness,which make skin vulnerable to hazardous environmental perturbations.In addition to a sophisticated local neuroendocrine system,several genes such as SOX9,NOTCH,TGFBs,CTGF,AGR3,DSTYK,TPCN2,and collagen,play vital roles in skin integrity and health.Environmental factors such as contaminants,toxins,sun or UV radiation,infections,and skin microbiome dysbiosis negatively impact skin health,primarily by affecting skin stem cells and/or critical genes supporting skin health.Conversely,various nutritional elements,phytochemicals(e.g.,curcumin,quercetin,rosemary,phenolic acids,and sesamin),as well as skin and gut microbiome parameters,help support skin health and prevent skin diseases or premature skin aging.This narrative review explores these topics and introduces potential remedies to promote skin health and mitigate skin aging and diseases.
文摘Cornus capitata,commonly known as the Himalayan strawberry,is a dogwood species from the family Cornaceae.Dogwood plants have been used extensively to practice conventional medicine due to their biological activities;however,the mechanisms behind these activities,particularly in C.capitata,remain largely unexplored.This study focuses on the preliminary phytochemical screening,antioxidant activity,anti-diabetic potential,and antimicrobial profiling of different extracts(i.e.,leaves,bark,and fruit)from C.capitata to evaluate its potential pharmaceutical and medicinal applications.The in-vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH)scavenging assay,Ferric-reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)assay,and Superoxide Anion Scavenging assay.The anti-diabetic potential was assessed usingα-Glucosidase,α-Amylase,and Pancreatic lipase inhibition assay.The anti-microbial activity was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer method and Minimal Inhibitory Concentration(MIC).According to the quantitative investigation,the most substantial quantities of flavonoids and phenolic compounds were identified in the leaves of C.capitata.Antioxidant activity results corroborated this conclusion,demonstrating that methanolic leaf extract had strong antioxidant activity,with the lowest IC_(50) values recorded for the DPPH(32.4±0.19µg/mL)and Superoxide Radical Scavenging(37.10±0.21µg/mL)assays.Furthermore,the methanolic leaf extract displayed the highestα-Glucosidase inhibitory potential(IC_(50)=6.09±0.52µg/mL),while the methanolic bark extract exhibited the highestα-Amylase inhibitory activity(IC_(50)=49.10±0.38µg/mL).Regarding antimicrobial potential,the paper disc diffusion assay showed that none of the extracts demonstrated antibacterial effects against E.coli.However,the MIC assay revealed that the leaves and bark extracts exhibited antibacterial properties with MIC values of 80 and 500µg/mL against E.coli,respectively.The paper disc diffusion assay against C.albicans indicated the antimicrobial potency of all three extracts.The crude methanolic extract of C.capitata shows strong antioxidant and antidiabetic potential,highlighting its therapeutic value.This is the first comparative investigation of leaf,bark,and fruit extracts of C.capitata to orchestrate the phytochemical profile and evaluate the antioxidant,antidiabetic,and antimicrobial activities.Nevertheless,further studies are needed to understand its biological implications.
文摘The integration of phytochemistry into forensic science has emerged as a groundbreaking frontier,providing unprecedented insights into nature's secrets through the precise application of phytochemical fingerprinting of phytotoxins as a cutting-edge approach.This study explores the dynamic intersection of phytochemistry and forensic science,highlighting how the unique phytochemical profiles of toxic plants and their secondary metabolites,serve as distinctive markers for forensic investigations.By utilizing advanced techniques such as Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography(UHPLC)and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry(HRMS),the detection and quantification of plant-derived are made more accurate in forensic contexts.Real-world case studies are presented to demonstrate the critical role of plant toxins in forensic outcomes and legal proceedings.The challenges,potential,and future prospects of integrating phytochemical fingerprinting of plant toxins into forensic science were discussed.This review aims to illuminate phytochemical fingerprinting of plant toxins as a promising tool to enhance the precision and depth of forensic analyses,offering new insights into the complex stories embedded in plant toxins.
文摘Leishmaniasis is a dangerous yet neglected tropical disease affecting a vast population of the world.Several medicinal plants and their constituents(natural products/phytochemicals)have been considered of prime importance for the management of leishmaniasis over the years.The present review sheds light on the molecular mechanisms of the constituents obtained from medicinal plants that are pre-clinically effective against leishmaniasis.Various mechanisms by which medicinal plant-derived natural products elicit their action against leishmaniasis are illustrated in the literature.The mechanisms identified include:disruption of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes,induction of apoptosis and autophagy,modulation of gene expression and immunological pathways,pro-oxidant effects(disrupting redox balance)with mitochondrial dysfunction,cell cycle arrest,impaired cellular bioenergetics,i.e.,adenosine triphosphate production and coagulation of cellular contents within Leishmania parasites.Future phytochemical and pharmacological(especially clinical)studies are necessary to further understand the mechanistic details of medicinal plant-derived natural compounds and to develop new phytotherapeutic entities from nature against leishmaniasis.
基金supported by the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory IRADS(2022B1212010006,R0400001-22)。
文摘Obesity has become a significant global public health issue.Previous studies have found that the Chenpi has the anti-obesity activity.However,the anti-obesity phytochemicals and their mechanisms are still unclear.This study investigated the anti-obesity phytochemicals and molecular mechanisms involved in treating obesity by Chenpi through network pharmacology and molecular docking.A total of 17 bioactive phytochemicals from Chenpi and its 475 related anti-obesity targets have been identified.The KEGG pathway analysis showed that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,MAPK signaling pathway,AMPK signaling pathway,and nuclear factor kappa B signaling pathway are the main signaling pathways involved in the anti-obesity effect of Chenpi.According to molecular docking analysis,the phytochemicals of Chenpi can bind to central anti-obesity targets.Based on the ADMET analysis and network pharmacology results,tangeretin exhibited the lowest predicted toxicity and potential for anti-obesity effects.In the in vitro lipid accumulation model,tangeretin effectively suppressed the free fatty acid-induced lipid in Hep G2 cells by upregulating the PI3K/Akt/GSK3βsignaling pathway based on the result of q-PCR and Western blotting.The outcomes of this research give insights for future research on the anti-obesity phytochemicals and molecular mechanisms derived from Chenpi,also providing the theoretical basis for developing anti-obesity functional foods based on Chenpi.
文摘The increasing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases(NDs)and the constraints of existing treatment methods have spurred a keen interest in investigating alternative therapies.Medicinal plants,renowned for their long-standing use in traditional medicine,offer a hopeful avenue for discovering new neuroprotective agents.This study emphasizes the potential neuroprotective characteristics of edible fruit plants in Bangladesh,specifically focusing on their traditional folk medicine uses for neurological disorders.This study provides an in-depth overview of the different types of edible fruit trees in Bangladesh and their phytochemicals,including flavonoids,terpenoids,and phenolic acids.This work examines the scientific data supporting the neuroprotective properties of bioactive chemicals from plants.It further explores the mechanisms by which these compounds work to counteract oxidative stress,decrease inflammation,and stimulate neurogenesis.Moreover,the study investigates toxicological characteristics and bioactive components of some fruits,emphasizing the importance of further investigation to measure their safety profile comprehensively.This thorough study highlights the potential benefits of Bangladesh's edible fruit trees as a rich source of neuroprotective chemicals.It also shows that additional research might lead to novel approaches for improving brain functioning and preventing NDs.
文摘BACKGROUND The hepatoprotective effects of phytochemicals are controversial.A dietary phytochemical index(DPI)has been suggested as an alternative method for quantifying the phytochemical content of foods.AIM To assess the DPI in relation to liver function tests among a representative sample of Iranian adults.METHODS A total of 5111 participants aged 35-70 years old were included in this cross-sectional study by a multistage cluster random sampling method.Dietary intakes were collected by a validated and reliable food frequency questionnaire with 121 items.DPI was calculated by the percent of daily energy intake taken from phytochemical-rich foods.Fasting serum concentrations of alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and gamma glutamyl transferase(GGT)were determined.Linear regression was used to investigate the association between DPI and levels of liver enzymes using crude and adjusted models.RESULTS There was an inverse association between DPI score and serum ALP in the crude model(β=-0.05;P<0.001).This association remained significant after adjustment for body mass index,age,smoking,energy intake,history of diabetes,and education(β=-0.03;P=0.01).No significant associations were found between DPI score and serum levels of AST,ALT,and GGT.The individuals with the highest DPI scores consumed significantly higher amounts of fruits,vegetables,legumes,nuts,and cereals,yet were shown to have significantly higher serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol,as well as several other metabolic abnormalities.CONCLUSION Higher adherence to phytochemical-rich foods was associated with lower levels of ALP,but no change in other liver enzymes.Those with higher DPI scores also consumed food items associated with a healthier overall dietary pattern;however,they also presented several unexpected metabolic derangements.Additional randomised trials are needed to better determine the effects of phytochemical-rich foods on liver function.
文摘Objective:To study the morphology,biochemistry and bioactivity of the epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of Christella parasitica(C.parasitica)(L.) H.Lev.Methods: Morphological studies on epidermal glands were earned out by using light microscope and scanning electron microscope.To prepare the extract,the shade-dried fronds of glandular morphotype were soaked in acetone.For antibacterial studies paper disc method was followed by using various pathogenic bacteria.Results:Detailed micromorphological,phytochemical and bioactivity studies on a medicinal fern C.parasitica(L.) H.Lev.showed its inlraspecific variation in antibacterial activity.The presence or absence of the epidermal glands was the key factor for antibacterial activity in the morphovariants of this species.The epidermal glands were orange-coloured,stalked and elongated ones of about 84.2μm×45μm,and distributed on the undersurface of cosla,coslules and veins in croziers,young and mature leaves.Frequency of glands varied from 15/cm on costa in mature leaves to 140/cm on costules in croziers.The acetone extract of the glands showed antibacterial activities and also toxic effect against mosquito larvae and tadpoles of frog.Preliminary phytochemical analysis and HPLC studies of the gland extract showed the presence of various kinds of terpenoids,alkaloids,tannins,saponins and flavonoids in it.Conclusions:The present study shows that epidermal glands of the glandular morphotype of C. parasitica(L.) H.Lev.have several bioactive compounds and such rare moiphovariant should be conserved in nature.The next step is to isolate the pure compounds and to screen the bioactivity of individual compounds of the epidermal glands.
基金supported by Govan Mbeki Research Development Centre of the University of Fort Hare
文摘Objective:To evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Scholia latifolia(S.latifolia)bark locally used for the treatment of oxidative stress-induced ailments in South Africa.Methods:The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of aqueous extract of the plant was assessed against 1,1-diphenyl-2-pierylhydrazyl(DPPH),nitric oxide(NO),2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt(ABTS)and the ferric reducing agent.Total phenolics,flavonoids,flavonols and proanthocyanidins were also determined to assess their corresponding effect on the antioxidant activity of this plant.Results:The activities of plant extract against DPPH,ABTS and NO radicals were concentration dependent with IC_(50)value of 0.06,0.05 and 0.05 mg/mL,respectively.The reducing power of the extract was greater than that of butylated hydroxyl toluene(BHT)and ascorbic acid which were used as standard drugs in a concentration dependent manner.The total phenolics content of the aqueous bark extract was(193.33±0.03 TE/g),followed by flavonoids(72.70±0.01 QE/g),proanthocyanidins|48.76±0.00 CE/g)and flavonols(47.76±0.21 QE/g).Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of percentage tannin(11.40±0.02),alkaloid(9.80±0.01),steroids(18.20±0.01),glycosides(29.80±0.01)and saponins(6.80±0.00).The results exhibited a positive linear correlation between these polyphenols and the free radical scavenging activities.Conclusions:Our findings provide evidence that the crude aqueous extract of S.latifolia is a potential source of natural antioxidants and this justifies its uses in folkloric medicines.
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-19)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China (102–1122YS010)+6 种基金the Rural Revitalization Tea Industry Technical Service Project of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China (11899170145)the “Double First-class” Scientific and Technological Innovation Capacity and Enhancement Cultivation Plan of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China (KSYLP004)6.18 Tea Industry Technology Branch of Collaborative Innovation Institute, China (K1520001A)the Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Construction Project for Technological Innovation and Service System of Tea Industry Chain, China (K1520005A01)the Construction of Plateau Discipline of Fujian Province, China (102/71201801101)the Biochemical Analysis and Biological Study of Tea Plant Germplasm Resources of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China (K1518023A)the Innovation Training Program for College Students of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, China (102–111ZC20061)。
文摘In the postharvest processing of tea leaves,withering is the first indispensable manufacturing process which produces the mellow,umami and sweet taste of white tea.In this study,we aimed to determine the dynamic changes of the main metabolites and clarify the key differentially expressed genes(DEGs) involved in forming the characteristic taste of white tea during withering.Phytochemical analyses revealed that the contents of total catechins and starch decreased continuously,whereas the contents of theaflavin,γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),maltose,and soluble sugars increased significantly during withering(from 0–48 h).Meanwhile,the elevation of α-amylase(AMY),β-amylase(BAM),total amylase,and glutamate decarboxylase(GAD) activities may be correlated with the accumulation of GABA and maltose.By transcriptome sequencing,we detected 9 707,15 921,17 353,and 17 538 DEGs at 12,24,36,and 48 h of the withering process,respectively,compared with 0 h sample(fresh leaves).The transcript levels of most of the DEGs involved in catechin biosynthesis were significantly inhibited,whereas those involved in catechin oxidation were significantly up-regulated,which could be correlated to a decrease in catechin content and an increase in theaflavin content.The DEGs involved in GABA biosynthesis were considerably up-regulated,and the down-regulation of SPMS could reduce the competition for converting spermidine to GABA.The up-regulation of the AMY and BAM genes could trigger starch degradation,resulting in the increase of soluble sugar content.These results provide new insights into the importance of the withering process to the characteristic taste of white tea.
基金Islamic Development Bank for the financial support with a master degree scholarship
文摘Objective:To assess antioxidant activities of different parts of Euphorbia hirta（E.hirta）,and to search for new sources of safe and inexpensive antioxidants.Methods:Samples of leaves,stems, flowers and roots from E.hirta were tested for total phenolic content,and flavonoids content and in vitro antioxidant activity by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl（DPPH） assay and reducing power was measured using cyanoferrate method.Results:The leaves extract exhibited a maximum DPPH scavenging activity of（72.96±0.78）%followed by the flowers,roots and stems whose scavenging activities were（52.45±0.66）%,（48.59±0.97）%,and（44.42±0.94）%,respectively.The standard butylated hydroxytoluene（BHT） was（75.13±0.75）%.The IC<sub>50</sub>,for leaves,flowers,roots,stems and BHT were 0.803,0.972,0.989,1.358 and 0.794 mg/mL,respectively.The reducing power of the leaves extract was comparable with that of ascorbic acid and found to be dose dependent. Leaves extract had the highest total phenolic content[（206.17±1.95） mg GAE/g],followed by flowers,roots and stems extracts which were（117.08±3.10） mg GAE/g,（83.15±1.19） mg GAE/g,and （65.70±1.72） mg GAE/g,respectively.On the other hand,total flavonoids content also from leave had the highest value[（37.970±0.003） mg CEQ/g],followed by flowers,roots and stems extracts which were（35.200±0.002） mg CEQ/g,（24.350±0.006） mg CEQ/g,and（24.120±0.004） mg CEQ/ g,respectively.HPTLC bioautography analysis of phenolic and antioxidant substance revealed phenolic compounds.Phytochemical screening of E.hirta leaf extract revealed the presence of reducing sugars,terpenoids,alkaloids,steroids,tannins,flavanoids and phenolic compounds. Conclusions:These results suggeste that E.hirta have strong antioxidant potential.Further study is necessary for isolation and characterization of the active antioxidant agents,which can be used to treat various oxidative stress-related diseases.
文摘Nuclear factor kB(NF-kB)is a ubiquitous regulator of the signalome and is indispensable for various biological cell functions.NF-kB consists of five transcription factors that execute both cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling processes in cells.NF-kB is the only signaling molecule that governs both pro-and antiapoptotic,and pro-and anti-inflammatory responses.This is due to the canonical and non-canonical components of the NF-kB signaling pathway.Together,these pathways orchestrate cancer-related inflammation,hyperplasia,neoplasia,and metastasis.Non-canonical NF-kB pathways are particularly involved in the chemoresistance of cancer cells.In view of its pivotal role in cancer progression,NF-kB represents a potentially significant therapeutic target for modifying tumor cell behavior.Several phytochemicals are known to modulate NF-kB pathways through the stabilization of its inhibitor,IkB,by inhibiting phosphorylation and ubiquitination thereof.Several natural pharmacophores are known to inhibit the nuclear translocation of NF-kB and associated pro-inflammatory responses and cell survival pathways.In view of this and the high degree of specificity exhibited by various phytochemicals for the NF-kB component,we herein present an in-depth overview of these phytochemicals and discuss their mode of interaction with the NF-kB signaling pathways for controlling the fate of tumor cells for cancerdirected interventions.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the phytochemical and anti-bacterial potential of mother plants in vivo and in vitro derived callus of Baliospermum montanum(B.montanum)(Willd.) Muell.-Arg. leaves and root.Methods:The in vitro derived rootlets and leaves segments of B.montanum were cut into 0.5-0.7 cm in length and cultured on Murashige and Skoog solid medium supplemented with 3%sucrose,gelled with 0.7%agar and different concentration of 2,4-D either alone or in combinations.The preliminary phytochemical screening was performed by Harborne method.Antibacterial efficacy was performed by well diffusion method and incubated for 24 h at 37℃.Results:The highest percentage of callus formation(leaves segments 86.9±0.56:root segments 78.7±0.51) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog’s basal medium supplemented with 3%sucrose and 2.0 mg/L of 2.4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid.The phytochemical study revealed the high quantity presence of steroids,triterpenoids,glycosides,saponins,alkaloids,flavanoids, phenolic compounds,tannins,sugars etc of root and leaves derived calli.The ethanol extract of leaves segment derived calli of B.montanum showed the maximum solubility and antimicrobial activity with the MIC ranged from 100 to 200μL.Conclusions:The preliminary phytochemical study confirmed that the calli mediated tissues showed the higher percentage of metabolite constituents and extraction value compared to the in vivo leaves and roots.The present study observation suggested that a possibility to establish high yielding genotypes by in vitro culture for production of medicinally important bioactive compounds.
基金supported by Universiti Sains Malaysia fellowship from Institute for Postgraduate Studies,Universiti Sains Malaysia
文摘Objective:To elucidate its pharmacological activities and medicinal potential of extract of Etlingera elatior（E.elatior）.Methods:Phytochemical screening of the flower extract was done to determine the phytochemical in the extract.The pharmacological study included the determination of antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration（MIC） of metabolic flower extract.The antimicrobial activity of the extract was tested against medically important bacterial,yeast and fungal strains.Apart from that,the methanolic extract of E.elatior flower was further tested in vivo toxicity using the brine shrimp lethality test.Moreover,the flower extract was qualitatively screened for their free radical scavenging activity by 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl radical（DPPH） assay.Results:The extract was effective on tested microorganisms and MIC values were in the range of 1.563-50.000 mg/mL.The brine shrimp lethality test exhibited no significant toxicity(LC<sub>50</sub>= 2.52 mg/mL) against Artemia salina.The E.elatior flower extract with high LC<sub>50</sub> value signified that this plant is not toxic to humans.While the phytochemical screening of the flower extract revealed the presence of the following compounds: flavonoids,terpenoids,saponin,tannins and carbohydrates whereas,alkaloids,anthraquinone and reducing sugars were absent.The concentration of the flower extract required for 50% inhibition of DPPH radical scavenging effect(IC<sub>50</sub>) were 9.14 mg/mL and 8.08 mg/mL for butylated hydroxytoluene 8.08 mg/mL.Conclusions:These findings indicate that the extract of E.elatior flower possesses pharmacological properties and potential to develop natural products based pharmaceuticals products.
基金supported by a research grant from the Commission on Higher Education(CHED) of the Philippines
文摘Objective:To determine the antibacterial,antifungal,antiprotozoal,cytotoxic,and phytochemical properties of ethanol extracts of leaves of Voacanga globosa(Blanco) Merr.(V.globosa). Methods:The extracts were tested against bacteria and fungus through disc diffusion assay; against protozoa through growth curve determination,antiprotozoal and cytotoxicity assays. Results:The extract revealed antibacterial activities,inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus,Bacillus cereus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Micrococcus luteus,and Salmonella typhimurium.Antifungal assay showed that it inhibited Candida albicans.The antiprotozoal assay against Trichomonas vaginalis and Entamoeba histolytica showed that V.globosa can inhibit the parasites,wherein the action can be comparable to metronidazole.With the in situ cell death detection kit.Trichomonas vaginalis and Entamoeba histolytica exposed to V.globosa leaf extract was observed to fluoresce simultaneously in red and yellow signals signifying apoptotic-like changes.Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the chemical composition of plant extract containing alkaloids,saponins,2-deoxysugars,and hydrolysabie tannins.Conclusions: Thus,thus study provides scientific evidence on the traditional use of V.globosa leaf extract in treating microbial diseases.Further,the leaf extract can possibly be used to produce alternative forms of antimicrobials.
