Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)is a biodegradable and environmentally friendly material known for its gas barrier characteristics and solvent resistance.However,its flammability and water sensitivity limit its application in...Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)is a biodegradable and environmentally friendly material known for its gas barrier characteristics and solvent resistance.However,its flammability and water sensitivity limit its application in specialized fields.In this study,phytic acid(PA)was introduced as a halogen-free flame retardant and biochar(BC)was introduced as a reinforcement to achieve both flame resistance and mechanical robustness.We thoroughly investigated the effects of BC particle sizes(100-3000 mesh)and addition amounts(0 wt%-10 wt%),as well as PA addition amounts(0 wt%-15 wt%),on the properties of PVA composite films.Notably,the PA10/1000BC5 composite containing 10 wt%PA and 5 wt%1000 mesh BC exhibited optimal properties.The limiting oxygen index increased to 39.2%,and the UL-94 test achieved a V-0 rating.Additionally,the PA10/1000BC5 composite film demonstrated significantly enhanced water resistance,with a swelling ratio reaching 800%without dissolving,unlike that of the control PVA.The water contact angle was 70°,indicating that hydrophilic properties remained essentially unaffected.Most importantly,the tensile modulus and elongation at break were 213 MPa and 281.7%,respectively,nearly double those of the PVA/PA composite film.This study presents an efficient and straightforward method for preparing PVA composite films that are flame-retardant,tough,and waterresistant,expanding their potential applications in various fields.展开更多
Hybrid engineering is gradually deemed as a powerful approach to solving the bottleneck problem of metal-organic framework (MOF) derived absorbers for practical application. Herein, a new type of semiconductor/carbon-...Hybrid engineering is gradually deemed as a powerful approach to solving the bottleneck problem of metal-organic framework (MOF) derived absorbers for practical application. Herein, a new type of semiconductor/carbon-based hybrid material was successfully prepared by phytic acid (PA) modification and carbonization of MOF/bacterial cellulose (BC) precursors, which remedied the drawbacks of structural instability, lethal byproducts and complicated steps reported previously. Specifically, the obtained Fe(PO3)2@C/phosphorus-doped carbon foam (Fe(PO3)2@C/PCF) had a 3D hybrid micro-nanostructure that integrated spatial microcurrent network, multi-level pores, heterogeneous interfaces and lattice defects, showing its unique advantages of low filler content (15 wt.%), moderate surface reflectivity, multi-band microwave absorption and radar stealth. The experimental analysis and CST simulation further revealed that PA dosage can precisely adjust the hybrid phase content, pore texture and electromagnetic parameters of the final product to achieve synergistic enhancement of multiple dielectric response, impedance matching and attenuation capacity. As a result, an effective bandwidth (EAB) of 6 GHz and a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -57.0 dB were obtained in the Ku- and C-bands, respectively. These encouraging results may advance the development of novel MOF-derived absorbents based on the hybridization principle.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to determine the variation of phytic acid content （PAC） and its frequency distribution, as well as the relationship between PAC and protein content, kernel characteristics in 16...[Objective] The aim of this study was to determine the variation of phytic acid content （PAC） and its frequency distribution, as well as the relationship between PAC and protein content, kernel characteristics in 161 Chinese winter wheat cultivars from four regions. [Method] One hundred and sixty-one winter wheat varieties from China Wheat Zones I, II, III and IV （Table 1） were grown in a randomized block de- sign, in the 2009-2011 cropping season; and then the indexes for describing the grain morphological characteristics such as the thousand kernel weight （TKW）, kernel length （KL）, kernel width （KW） and kernel thickness （KT） were measured; the phytic acid content （PAC）, protein content and sedimentation value were also determined; finally, the relationship between PAC and protein content, kernel characteristics were analyzed. [Result] The PAC in the cultivars tested ranged from 0.92% to 1.95% with a mean value of 1.41%. Protein content ranged from 12.60% to 19.20%, with a mean of 15.24%. Most （53.4%） of the wheat genotypes had a PAC value in the range of 1.25% to 1.55%. No significant correlation was found between PAC and protein content, sedimentation value, while protein content and SDS sedimentation value was significant correlated, which suggested the possibility of breeding wheat cultivars that have a low PAC but a high protein content and good gluten quality. There was a high correlation between TKW and KW （,.=0.79）, KL （r=0.50） and KT （r=0.64）. PAC was found having no significant correlation with TKW, KW, KL and KT. [Conclusion] The result suggests the possibility of breeding wheat cultivars that have a low PAC but high kernel weight.展开更多
The properties among of phytic acid conversion coatings,RE-phytic conversion coatings,rare earth conversion coatings and chromate conversion coatings were compared.The surface micrograph and the corrosion morphology o...The properties among of phytic acid conversion coatings,RE-phytic conversion coatings,rare earth conversion coatings and chromate conversion coatings were compared.The surface micrograph and the corrosion morphology of matrix and various coatings were observed,and the polarization curve,amount of hydrogen evolution and coating binding force were tested.The infrared spectra of phytic acid solution,phytic acid conversion coatings and RE-phytic conversion coatings were compared.The results indicated that the phytic acid coating and RE-phytic acid coating have better corrosion resistance and the RE-phytic acid coating is much better.The infrared spectra indicated that the characteristic peak of phytic acid conversion coatings shift left compared to that of phytic acid.The characteristic peak of RE-phytic conversion coating is similar with that of the phytic acid conversion coating.The di-hydrogen phosphate group of phytic acid reacted with metal matrix or rare earth conversion coating to generate hydrophosphate or phosphate.Phytic acid conversion coating consists of magnesium salt,aluminum salt,zinc salt and ferrous salt.The RE-phytic coating contains cerium salt besides those salts.展开更多
Phytic acid （PA） conversion coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy is prepared by a deposition method. pH influences on the formation process, microstructure and properties of the conversion coating are investigated. Elect...Phytic acid （PA） conversion coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy is prepared by a deposition method. pH influences on the formation process, microstructure and properties of the conversion coating are investigated. Electrochemical tests including polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are used to examine the corrosion resistance, and scanning electron microscopy is used to observe the microstructure. The chemical nature of conversion coating is investigated by energy dispersive spectroscopy. And thermodynamic method is used to analyze the optimum pH. The results show that PA conversion coating can improve the corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy. The maximum efficiency achieves 89.19% when the AZ31 Mg alloy is treated by PA solution with pH=5. It makes the corrosion potential of sample shift positively about 156 mV and corrosion current density is nearly an order of magnitude less than that of the untreated sample. The thermodynamic analysis shows that the corrosion resistance of PA coatings is affected by not only the concentration of PA ion and Mg2＋ but also the release rate of hydrogen.展开更多
An environment friendly chemical conversion coating for magnesium was obtained by using a phytic acid solution. The effect of post-coating 1heat treatment on the microstructures and corrosion properties of phytic acid...An environment friendly chemical conversion coating for magnesium was obtained by using a phytic acid solution. The effect of post-coating 1heat treatment on the microstructures and corrosion properties of phytic acid conversion coated magnesium was investigated. It was observed that the microstructure and corrosion resistive properties were improved for the heat treated samples. The corrosion current density for bare magnesium, phytic acid conversion coated magnesium, and post-coating heat treated magnesium was calculated to be 2.48 ×10^-5, 1.18×10^-6, and 9.27 × 10^7 A/cm^2, respectively. The lowest corrosion current density for the heat treated sample indicated its highest corrosion resistive effect for the magnesium. The maximum corrosion protective nature of the heat treated sample was further confirmed by the largest value of impedance in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies.展开更多
The phytic acid contents of eight fractions of wheat flours from different mill streams and those in wheat brans, which were separated by different sieves into various sizes, were determined and analyzed. A rapid meth...The phytic acid contents of eight fractions of wheat flours from different mill streams and those in wheat brans, which were separated by different sieves into various sizes, were determined and analyzed. A rapid method for phytic acid assay by adding thioglycolic acid （mercapto acetic acid） with 2,2-bipyridine was used, with an acidic iron-Ⅲ-solution of known iron content. The amount ofphytate was indicated by the decrease in iron in the supernatant. Significant differences were observed in phytic acid content among different milling streams and different cultivars （P〈0.05）. On an average, coarse bran had the highest phytic acid content （53.85 mg g^-1）, and the shorts had 28.48 mg g^-1. The B5 break flour had a higher phytic acid content （4.8 mg g^-1） than the B7 （2.75 mg g^-1） and B8 （2.03 mg g^-1） reduction flours. Lower values were found in the B3, B6 and B7 flours （1.07, 0.79, and 0.76 mg g^-1, respectively）. The phytic acid contents of bran decreased with smaller bran sizes, ranging from 54 to 5.09 mg g^-1.展开更多
A green chemical conversion coating for magnesium was obtained with a phytic acid solution. The microstructure and corrosion properties of phytic acid conversion coated magnesium were further improved by soaking in st...A green chemical conversion coating for magnesium was obtained with a phytic acid solution. The microstructure and corrosion properties of phytic acid conversion coated magnesium were further improved by soaking in stearic acid solution. The phytic acid conversion coated magnesium after soaking in the stearic acid showed no micro-cracks and the surface became very smooth. The corrosion behavior of the uncoated and coated magnesium samples was studied by electrochemical methods. The corrosion resistance of the stearic acid treated sample was much higher than that of phytic acid conversion coated magnesium or uncoated magnesium. The electrochemical results indicated that the stearic acid treated coating provided effective corrosion protection to the magnesium sample.展开更多
Phytic acid （PA） is the main storage form of phosphorus （P） in seeds. It can form insoluble complexes with microelements, thereby reducing their bioavailability for animals. Identification of quantitative trait lo...Phytic acid （PA） is the main storage form of phosphorus （P） in seeds. It can form insoluble complexes with microelements, thereby reducing their bioavailability for animals. Identification of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） associated with grain PA concentration （PAC） is essential to improve this trait without affecting other aspects of grain nutrition such as protein content. Using a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, we mapped QTL for grain PAC, as well as grain nitrogen concentration （NC） and P concentration （PC） in maize under two N conditions in 2 yr. We detected six QTLs for PAC. The QTL for PAC on chromosome 4 （phi072-umc 1276） was identified under both low-N and high-N treatments, and explained 13.2 and 15.4% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. We identified three QTLs for grain NC, none of which were in the same region as the QTLs for PAC. We identified two QTLs for PC in the low-N treatment, one of which （umc1710-umc2197） was in the same interval as the QTL for PAC under high-N conditions. These results suggested that grain PAC can be improved without affecting grain NC and inorganic PC.展开更多
Phytic acid is the principal storage form of phosphorus in plant seeds and an essential signalling molecule in several regulatory processes of plant development.However,it is known as an anti-nutrient compound owing t...Phytic acid is the principal storage form of phosphorus in plant seeds and an essential signalling molecule in several regulatory processes of plant development.However,it is known as an anti-nutrient compound owing to its potent chelating property.Thus,reducing the phytic acid content in crops is desirable.Studies involving regulation of MIPS and IPK1 genes to generate low phytate rice have been reported earlier.However,the functional significance of OsITPK and the effect of its down-regulation on phytic acid content and the associated pleiotropic effects on rice have not yet been investigated.In this study,tissue specific RNA interference(RNAi)-mediated down-regulation of a major ITPK homolog(OsITP5/6K-1)resulted in 46.2%decrease in phytic acid content of T2 transgenic seeds with a subsequent 3-fold enhancement in the inorganic phosphorus content.Silencing of OsITP5/6K-1 altered the transcript levels of essential phytic acid pathway genes,without significantly affecting the transcript levels of other OsITPK homologs.Furthermore,the mapping of elements through X-ray microfluorescence analysis revealed significant changes in the spatial distribution pattern and translocation of elements in low phytate seeds.Additionally,low phytate polished seeds exhibited 1.3-fold and 1.6-fold enhancement in iron and zinc content in the grain endosperm,respectively.Silencing of OsITP5/6K-1 also altered the amino acid and myo-inositol content of the transgenic seeds.Our results successfully established that RNAi-mediated silencing of OsITP5/6K-1 gene significantly reduced the phytate levels in seeds without hampering the germination potential of seeds and plant growth.The present study provided an insight into the mechanism of phytic acid biosynthesis pathway.展开更多
AIM： To understand the digestive stability and mechanism of release and intestinal uptake of pea ferritin iron in caco-2 cell line model.METHODS： Pea seed ferritin was purified using salt fractionation followed by g...AIM： To understand the digestive stability and mechanism of release and intestinal uptake of pea ferritin iron in caco-2 cell line model.METHODS： Pea seed ferritin was purified using salt fractionation followed by gel filtration chromatography.The bioavailability of ferritin iron was assessed using coupled in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid and phytic acid.Caco-2 cell ferritin formation was used as a surrogate marker of iron uptake. Structural changes of pea ferritin under simulated gastric pH were characterized using electrophoresis, gel filtration and circular dichroism spectroscopy.RESULTS： The caco-2 cell ferritin formation was significantly increased （P 〈 0.001） with FeSO4 （19.3±9.8 ng/mg protein） and pea ferritin （13.9 ± 6.19 ng/mg protein） compared to the blank digest （3.7 ± 1.8 ng/mg protein）. Ascorbic acid enhanced while phytic acid decreased the pea ferritin iron bioavailability. However,either in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid, the ferritin content of caco-2 cells was significantly less with pea ferritin than with FeSO4. At gastric pH, no band corresponding to ferritin was observed in the presence of pepsin either on native PAGE or SDS-PAGE. Gel filtration chromatography and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed a pH dependent loss of quaternary and secondary structure.CONCLUSION： Under gastric conditions, the iron core of pea ferritin is released into the digestive medium due to acid induced structural alterations and dissociation of protein. The released iron interacts with dietary factors leading to modulation of pea ferritin iron bioavailability,resembling the typical characteristics of non-heme iron.展开更多
The graft copolymerization of acrylic acid（AA） onto polyethylene glycol terephthalate（PET） fiber initialed by benzoy peroxide （BPO） was carried out in heterogeneous media.Moreover,modification of the grafted PET...The graft copolymerization of acrylic acid（AA） onto polyethylene glycol terephthalate（PET） fiber initialed by benzoy peroxide （BPO） was carried out in heterogeneous media.Moreover,modification of the grafted PET fiber（PET-AA） was done by changing the carboxyl group into acylamino group through the reaction with dimethylamine.The modified chelating fiber（NDWJN1） was characterized using elementary analysis,SEM and FT-IR spectroscopy.Adsorption kinetic curves indicated that NDWJNl could fast remove heavy metal ions and phytic acids from water effectively.Furthermore,batch kinetic studies indicated that heavy metal ions adsorbed to NDWJNl could be filted well by both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order adsorption equations,but the intra-particle diffusion played a dominant role in the adsorption of phytic acids.展开更多
Biofortification of commonly eaten staple food crops with essential mineral micronutrients is a potential sustainable solution to global micronutrient malnutrition. Because phytic acid (PA;1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis myo-inos...Biofortification of commonly eaten staple food crops with essential mineral micronutrients is a potential sustainable solution to global micronutrient malnutrition. Because phytic acid (PA;1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis myo-inositol) reduces mineral micronutrient bioavailability, reduction of PA levels could increase the bioavailability of biofortified iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). PA is viewed as an anti-nutrient, yet PA and other inositol phosphates have also demonstrated positive health benefits. Phytic acid analysis in the agricultural, food, and nutritional sciences is typically carried out by colorimetry and chromatographic techniques. In addition, advanced techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy have also been used in phytic acid analysis. The colorimetric analysis may overestimate PA levels and synchrotron X-ray absorption techniques may not detect very low levels of inositol phosphates. This short communication discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each widely used phytic acid analysis method, and suggests high performance anion exchange (HPAE) chromatography with conductivity detection (CD) based analysis can achieve greater accuracy for the identification and quantification of inositol phosphates. Accurate characterization and quantification of PA and inositol phosphates will inform PA reduction and biofortification efforts, allowing retention of the benefits of non-phytic inositol phosphates for both plants and humans.展开更多
Mungbean(Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is a short-duration legume crop cultivated for seeds that are rich in protein and carbohydrates. Mungbeans contain phytic acid(PA), an anti-nutritional factor that is the main storag...Mungbean(Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is a short-duration legume crop cultivated for seeds that are rich in protein and carbohydrates. Mungbeans contain phytic acid(PA), an anti-nutritional factor that is the main storage form of organic phosphorus in seeds. It is a strong inhibitor against the absorption of nutrients including iron, zinc, calcium and magnesium in monogastric animals. Genotypes with low phytic acid(lpa) in seed may show increased assimilation of nutrients and be useful in breeding lpa cultivars. The present study was conducted to identify lpa sources, genetic variation, heritability, and association with seed coat color, inorganic phosphorus(IP), and seed size in 102 mungbean genotypes including released varieties, land races, mutants, and wild species grown in two seasons: summer 2011 and rabi 2012. PA and IP in dry seeds were estimated by modified colorimetric method and Chen's modified method,respectively. PA, IP, and 100-seed weight differed significantly in the two seasons. PA content in102 genotypes ranged from 5.74 to 18.98 mg g-1and 5.85 to 20.02 mg g-1in summer 2011 and rabi 2012, respectively. High heritability was found for PA(0.87 and 0.86) and seed size(0.82 and0.83) but low heritability for IP(0.61 and 0.60). A negative correlation was found between PA and seed size(r =-0.183 and-0.267). Yellow and green seed coat genotypes contained significantly less PA than black seed coat genotypes. Cluster analysis revealed the distinctness of wild species, land races and cultivated varieties on the basis of PA content. The genotypes YBSM(6.001 mg g-1) and JL-781(6.179 mg g-1) showed lowest PA. These lpa sources can be used to develop high-yielding mungbean cultivars with low phytic acid.展开更多
Twenty-nine japonica rice varieties collected from Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, China were planted in Hangzhou, China, to investigate the phytic acid content in brown rice and its frequency distribution as well as ...Twenty-nine japonica rice varieties collected from Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, China were planted in Hangzhou, China, to investigate the phytic acid content in brown rice and its frequency distribution as well as the correlation among the contents of phytic acid, total protein and four protein compositions in brown rice. The phytic acid content in brown rice ranged from 0.699% to 1.034%, with a mean of 0.868% for the 29 tested rice varieties. Xiushui series rice varieties generally exhibited lower phytic acid level than Wuyujing and Huai series rice varieties. A rough normal distribution, with a mean of 8.722%, was observed for the total protein contents in the tested varieties. Of the four protein compositions, the glutelin, globulin and albumin contents had larger coefficient of variation than the prolamin content, although the difference in prolamin content was genotype-dependent. No significant correlation was found between the phytic acid and four protein composition contents, whereas the total protein content was significantly and positively related to the glutelin content in brown rice.展开更多
The impact of phytic acid concentration,immersion time and soaking temperature on phytic acid conversion coating of the Mg-Li alloy are studied.The surface morphology and the corrosion of the phytic acid conversion co...The impact of phytic acid concentration,immersion time and soaking temperature on phytic acid conversion coating of the Mg-Li alloy are studied.The surface morphology and the corrosion of the phytic acid conversion coating are tested by using scanning electron microscopy and the electrochemical analyzer.The results show that phytic acid concentration and immersion time,soaking temperature affects the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the phytic acid conversion coating.There is a passivation interval with a smaller capacitor and larger resistor in the phytic acid conversion coating.The phytic acid conversion coating is made up of white particle and flake film.展开更多
Soybean stachyose (SBS) and phytic acid (PA) are anti-nutritional factors (ANF) which have deleterious effects on the growth and digestibility in fish. The present research studied the effects of dietary SBS and PA on...Soybean stachyose (SBS) and phytic acid (PA) are anti-nutritional factors (ANF) which have deleterious effects on the growth and digestibility in fish. The present research studied the effects of dietary SBS and PA on the expression of three serine protease genes in the liver of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). These genes are trypsinogen 1 (poTRY), elastase 1 (poEL) and chymotrypsinogen 1 (poCTRY). Eight artificial diets with graded levels of supplemented ANFs were formulated to 4 levels of SBS (0.00, 0.40, 0.80 and 1.50%), 4 levels of PA (0.00, 0.20, 0.40 and 0.80), respectively.Japanese flounder (initial weight 2.45 g ± 0.01 g) were fed with these diets for 10 weeks with three replications per treatment. At the end of 10 weeks, supplementation of 0.40% of dietary SBS or PA significantly increased the gene expression of poTRY and poCTRY (P<0.05). The same level of dietary SBS significantly decreased the gene expression of poEL. In comparison with the control group (ANF-free),dietary PA (0.2% and 0.8%) significantly decreased the gene expression of poTRY, poCTRY and poEL (P<0.05). However, excessive supplement of dietary SBS (1.5%) has no significant effects on these gene expressions (P>0.05). These results suggested that dietary SBS and dietary PA could directly affect the serine protease genes at the transcriptional level in Japanese flounder, and these genes'expression was more sensitive to dietary PA than to SBS under the current experimental conditions.展开更多
In this work, three dimensional phytic acid-induced graphene coating was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and fabricated on a stainless-steel wire using physical coating method as a solid phase microextraction （SPM...In this work, three dimensional phytic acid-induced graphene coating was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and fabricated on a stainless-steel wire using physical coating method as a solid phase microextraction （SPME） coating. The graphene coating revealed high specific surface area, extraordinary electrical conductivity and excellent chemical stability. Coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector （GC-FID）, the home-made phytic acid-induced graphene SPME fiber exhibited excellent extraction efficiency for the analysis of nerolidol in tea samples. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of working curve was found to be 1-1000 ng/g, and the limit of detection of nerolidol was 0.18 ng/g. The coefficient variation of repeatability for each single fiber and reproducibility for fiber to fiber was less than 3.9Yg and 8.3~, respectively.展开更多
Six japonica rice genotypes, differing in panicle type, grain density, and phytic acid （PA） content, were applied to investigate the effect of grain position on the concentrations of major mineral nutrients and its ...Six japonica rice genotypes, differing in panicle type, grain density, and phytic acid （PA） content, were applied to investigate the effect of grain position on the concentrations of major mineral nutrients and its relation to PA content and grain weight within a panicle. Grain position significantly affected the concentrations of the studied min- erals in both the vertical and horizontal axes of a rice panicle. Heavy-weight grains, located on primary rachis and top rachis, generally had higher mineral concentrations, but were lower in PA concentration and molar ratios of PNZn, compared with the small-weight grains located on secondary rachis and bottom rachis, regardless of rice genotypes. However, on the basis of six rice genotypes, no significant correlations were found among mineral elements, PA, and grain weight. These results suggested that some desired minerals, like Zn and Fe, and their bioavailability, can be enhanced simultaneously by the modification of panicle patterns, and it will be helpful in the selection of rice genotypes with low PA and high mineral nutrients for further breeding strategy without sacrificing their high yields.展开更多
Inositol phosphates are the main form of phosphorous (P) storage in legume seeds. Mutants low in inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), also known as phytic acid (PA), have been developed to increase iron (Fe) bioavailability ...Inositol phosphates are the main form of phosphorous (P) storage in legume seeds. Mutants low in inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), also known as phytic acid (PA), have been developed to increase iron (Fe) bioavailability and reduce P waste to the environment. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) inositol-P form changes during germination, and 2) the effect of P fertilizer application on seed PA, total P, and Fe concentration of three field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars and two low-PA lines grown under greenhouse conditions. Low-PA field pea lines clearly had lower PA (1.3 - 1.4 mg·g-1) than cultivars (3.1 - 3.7 mg·g-1). Phytic acid concentration in both cultivars and low-PA lines decreased during germination, but tended to increase seven days after germination. Levels of inositol-3-phosphate-phosphate (IP3-P;0.6 mg·g-1) and inorganic P (1.8 - 2.0 mg·g-1) were higher in low-PA lines than in the field pea cultivars. Reduction of PA in low-PA line seeds may reduce seed Fe and total P concentrations, as levels in the low-PA lines (37 - 42 mg·kg-1 Fe;4003 - 4473 mg·kg-1 total P) were typically less than in field pea cultivars (37 - 55 mg·kg-1 Fe;3208 - 4985 mg·kg-1 total P) at different P fertilizer rates. Overall, IP3 is the major form of P present in low-PA field pea lines during germination;however IP6 is the major form of P present in field pea cultivars. Therefore, low-PA field pea lines could be a potential solution to increase Fe bioavailability, feed P utilization, and reduce P waste to the environment.展开更多
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial"Vanguard"and"Leading Goose"R&D Program(No.2025C02203)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LTGS24C130001)the Fund for Key Scientific Research in the Public Interest of Ningbo(No.2024S009)。
文摘Poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)is a biodegradable and environmentally friendly material known for its gas barrier characteristics and solvent resistance.However,its flammability and water sensitivity limit its application in specialized fields.In this study,phytic acid(PA)was introduced as a halogen-free flame retardant and biochar(BC)was introduced as a reinforcement to achieve both flame resistance and mechanical robustness.We thoroughly investigated the effects of BC particle sizes(100-3000 mesh)and addition amounts(0 wt%-10 wt%),as well as PA addition amounts(0 wt%-15 wt%),on the properties of PVA composite films.Notably,the PA10/1000BC5 composite containing 10 wt%PA and 5 wt%1000 mesh BC exhibited optimal properties.The limiting oxygen index increased to 39.2%,and the UL-94 test achieved a V-0 rating.Additionally,the PA10/1000BC5 composite film demonstrated significantly enhanced water resistance,with a swelling ratio reaching 800%without dissolving,unlike that of the control PVA.The water contact angle was 70°,indicating that hydrophilic properties remained essentially unaffected.Most importantly,the tensile modulus and elongation at break were 213 MPa and 281.7%,respectively,nearly double those of the PVA/PA composite film.This study presents an efficient and straightforward method for preparing PVA composite films that are flame-retardant,tough,and waterresistant,expanding their potential applications in various fields.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2019YFE0122900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52373303)the Program of Shanghai Technology Research Leader(No.18XD1423800).
文摘Hybrid engineering is gradually deemed as a powerful approach to solving the bottleneck problem of metal-organic framework (MOF) derived absorbers for practical application. Herein, a new type of semiconductor/carbon-based hybrid material was successfully prepared by phytic acid (PA) modification and carbonization of MOF/bacterial cellulose (BC) precursors, which remedied the drawbacks of structural instability, lethal byproducts and complicated steps reported previously. Specifically, the obtained Fe(PO3)2@C/phosphorus-doped carbon foam (Fe(PO3)2@C/PCF) had a 3D hybrid micro-nanostructure that integrated spatial microcurrent network, multi-level pores, heterogeneous interfaces and lattice defects, showing its unique advantages of low filler content (15 wt.%), moderate surface reflectivity, multi-band microwave absorption and radar stealth. The experimental analysis and CST simulation further revealed that PA dosage can precisely adjust the hybrid phase content, pore texture and electromagnetic parameters of the final product to achieve synergistic enhancement of multiple dielectric response, impedance matching and attenuation capacity. As a result, an effective bandwidth (EAB) of 6 GHz and a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -57.0 dB were obtained in the Ku- and C-bands, respectively. These encouraging results may advance the development of novel MOF-derived absorbents based on the hybridization principle.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB118602)Young Backbone Teachers Program of Henan Province(2011)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to determine the variation of phytic acid content （PAC） and its frequency distribution, as well as the relationship between PAC and protein content, kernel characteristics in 161 Chinese winter wheat cultivars from four regions. [Method] One hundred and sixty-one winter wheat varieties from China Wheat Zones I, II, III and IV （Table 1） were grown in a randomized block de- sign, in the 2009-2011 cropping season; and then the indexes for describing the grain morphological characteristics such as the thousand kernel weight （TKW）, kernel length （KL）, kernel width （KW） and kernel thickness （KT） were measured; the phytic acid content （PAC）, protein content and sedimentation value were also determined; finally, the relationship between PAC and protein content, kernel characteristics were analyzed. [Result] The PAC in the cultivars tested ranged from 0.92% to 1.95% with a mean value of 1.41%. Protein content ranged from 12.60% to 19.20%, with a mean of 15.24%. Most （53.4%） of the wheat genotypes had a PAC value in the range of 1.25% to 1.55%. No significant correlation was found between PAC and protein content, sedimentation value, while protein content and SDS sedimentation value was significant correlated, which suggested the possibility of breeding wheat cultivars that have a low PAC but a high protein content and good gluten quality. There was a high correlation between TKW and KW （,.=0.79）, KL （r=0.50） and KT （r=0.64）. PAC was found having no significant correlation with TKW, KW, KL and KT. [Conclusion] The result suggests the possibility of breeding wheat cultivars that have a low PAC but high kernel weight.
基金Funded by the Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology,Ministry of Education
文摘The properties among of phytic acid conversion coatings,RE-phytic conversion coatings,rare earth conversion coatings and chromate conversion coatings were compared.The surface micrograph and the corrosion morphology of matrix and various coatings were observed,and the polarization curve,amount of hydrogen evolution and coating binding force were tested.The infrared spectra of phytic acid solution,phytic acid conversion coatings and RE-phytic conversion coatings were compared.The results indicated that the phytic acid coating and RE-phytic acid coating have better corrosion resistance and the RE-phytic acid coating is much better.The infrared spectra indicated that the characteristic peak of phytic acid conversion coatings shift left compared to that of phytic acid.The characteristic peak of RE-phytic conversion coating is similar with that of the phytic acid conversion coating.The di-hydrogen phosphate group of phytic acid reacted with metal matrix or rare earth conversion coating to generate hydrophosphate or phosphate.Phytic acid conversion coating consists of magnesium salt,aluminum salt,zinc salt and ferrous salt.The RE-phytic coating contains cerium salt besides those salts.
文摘Phytic acid （PA） conversion coating on AZ31 magnesium alloy is prepared by a deposition method. pH influences on the formation process, microstructure and properties of the conversion coating are investigated. Electrochemical tests including polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy are used to examine the corrosion resistance, and scanning electron microscopy is used to observe the microstructure. The chemical nature of conversion coating is investigated by energy dispersive spectroscopy. And thermodynamic method is used to analyze the optimum pH. The results show that PA conversion coating can improve the corrosion resistance of AZ31 Mg alloy. The maximum efficiency achieves 89.19% when the AZ31 Mg alloy is treated by PA solution with pH=5. It makes the corrosion potential of sample shift positively about 156 mV and corrosion current density is nearly an order of magnitude less than that of the untreated sample. The thermodynamic analysis shows that the corrosion resistance of PA coatings is affected by not only the concentration of PA ion and Mg2＋ but also the release rate of hydrogen.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation through ERC-RMB at NCAT
文摘An environment friendly chemical conversion coating for magnesium was obtained by using a phytic acid solution. The effect of post-coating 1heat treatment on the microstructures and corrosion properties of phytic acid conversion coated magnesium was investigated. It was observed that the microstructure and corrosion resistive properties were improved for the heat treated samples. The corrosion current density for bare magnesium, phytic acid conversion coated magnesium, and post-coating heat treated magnesium was calculated to be 2.48 ×10^-5, 1.18×10^-6, and 9.27 × 10^7 A/cm^2, respectively. The lowest corrosion current density for the heat treated sample indicated its highest corrosion resistive effect for the magnesium. The maximum corrosion protective nature of the heat treated sample was further confirmed by the largest value of impedance in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies.
基金support was provided bythe National Basic Research Program of China (973Program, 2009CB118301)the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of ChinaNational High-Tech R&D Program of China (863 Program, 2006AA10Z1E9)
文摘The phytic acid contents of eight fractions of wheat flours from different mill streams and those in wheat brans, which were separated by different sieves into various sizes, were determined and analyzed. A rapid method for phytic acid assay by adding thioglycolic acid （mercapto acetic acid） with 2,2-bipyridine was used, with an acidic iron-Ⅲ-solution of known iron content. The amount ofphytate was indicated by the decrease in iron in the supernatant. Significant differences were observed in phytic acid content among different milling streams and different cultivars （P〈0.05）. On an average, coarse bran had the highest phytic acid content （53.85 mg g^-1）, and the shorts had 28.48 mg g^-1. The B5 break flour had a higher phytic acid content （4.8 mg g^-1） than the B7 （2.75 mg g^-1） and B8 （2.03 mg g^-1） reduction flours. Lower values were found in the B3, B6 and B7 flours （1.07, 0.79, and 0.76 mg g^-1, respectively）. The phytic acid contents of bran decreased with smaller bran sizes, ranging from 54 to 5.09 mg g^-1.
基金financially supported by the National Science Foundation through ERC-RMB at NCAT
文摘A green chemical conversion coating for magnesium was obtained with a phytic acid solution. The microstructure and corrosion properties of phytic acid conversion coated magnesium were further improved by soaking in stearic acid solution. The phytic acid conversion coated magnesium after soaking in the stearic acid showed no micro-cracks and the surface became very smooth. The corrosion behavior of the uncoated and coated magnesium samples was studied by electrochemical methods. The corrosion resistance of the stearic acid treated sample was much higher than that of phytic acid conversion coated magnesium or uncoated magnesium. The electrochemical results indicated that the stearic acid treated coating provided effective corrosion protection to the magnesium sample.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (2011CB100305)the National Science Foundation of China (30890131,31172015,31121062)+2 种基金the Hebei Province Key Technology R&D Program,China(12225510D)the Special Fund for Agriculture Profession,China (201103003)the Chinese University Scientific Fund (2011JS163)
文摘Phytic acid （PA） is the main storage form of phosphorus （P） in seeds. It can form insoluble complexes with microelements, thereby reducing their bioavailability for animals. Identification of quantitative trait loci （QTLs） associated with grain PA concentration （PAC） is essential to improve this trait without affecting other aspects of grain nutrition such as protein content. Using a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, we mapped QTL for grain PAC, as well as grain nitrogen concentration （NC） and P concentration （PC） in maize under two N conditions in 2 yr. We detected six QTLs for PAC. The QTL for PAC on chromosome 4 （phi072-umc 1276） was identified under both low-N and high-N treatments, and explained 13.2 and 15.4% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. We identified three QTLs for grain NC, none of which were in the same region as the QTLs for PAC. We identified two QTLs for PC in the low-N treatment, one of which （umc1710-umc2197） was in the same interval as the QTL for PAC under high-N conditions. These results suggested that grain PAC can be improved without affecting grain NC and inorganic PC.
文摘Phytic acid is the principal storage form of phosphorus in plant seeds and an essential signalling molecule in several regulatory processes of plant development.However,it is known as an anti-nutrient compound owing to its potent chelating property.Thus,reducing the phytic acid content in crops is desirable.Studies involving regulation of MIPS and IPK1 genes to generate low phytate rice have been reported earlier.However,the functional significance of OsITPK and the effect of its down-regulation on phytic acid content and the associated pleiotropic effects on rice have not yet been investigated.In this study,tissue specific RNA interference(RNAi)-mediated down-regulation of a major ITPK homolog(OsITP5/6K-1)resulted in 46.2%decrease in phytic acid content of T2 transgenic seeds with a subsequent 3-fold enhancement in the inorganic phosphorus content.Silencing of OsITP5/6K-1 altered the transcript levels of essential phytic acid pathway genes,without significantly affecting the transcript levels of other OsITPK homologs.Furthermore,the mapping of elements through X-ray microfluorescence analysis revealed significant changes in the spatial distribution pattern and translocation of elements in low phytate seeds.Additionally,low phytate polished seeds exhibited 1.3-fold and 1.6-fold enhancement in iron and zinc content in the grain endosperm,respectively.Silencing of OsITP5/6K-1 also altered the amino acid and myo-inositol content of the transgenic seeds.Our results successfully established that RNAi-mediated silencing of OsITP5/6K-1 gene significantly reduced the phytate levels in seeds without hampering the germination potential of seeds and plant growth.The present study provided an insight into the mechanism of phytic acid biosynthesis pathway.
基金Supported by a grant No. BT/PR6728/AGR/02/334/2005 from the Department of Biotechnology, Government of India to KMN and RP, SB is supported by a Research Fellowship from the Indian Council of Medical Research
文摘AIM： To understand the digestive stability and mechanism of release and intestinal uptake of pea ferritin iron in caco-2 cell line model.METHODS： Pea seed ferritin was purified using salt fractionation followed by gel filtration chromatography.The bioavailability of ferritin iron was assessed using coupled in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid and phytic acid.Caco-2 cell ferritin formation was used as a surrogate marker of iron uptake. Structural changes of pea ferritin under simulated gastric pH were characterized using electrophoresis, gel filtration and circular dichroism spectroscopy.RESULTS： The caco-2 cell ferritin formation was significantly increased （P 〈 0.001） with FeSO4 （19.3±9.8 ng/mg protein） and pea ferritin （13.9 ± 6.19 ng/mg protein） compared to the blank digest （3.7 ± 1.8 ng/mg protein）. Ascorbic acid enhanced while phytic acid decreased the pea ferritin iron bioavailability. However,either in the presence or absence of ascorbic acid, the ferritin content of caco-2 cells was significantly less with pea ferritin than with FeSO4. At gastric pH, no band corresponding to ferritin was observed in the presence of pepsin either on native PAGE or SDS-PAGE. Gel filtration chromatography and circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed a pH dependent loss of quaternary and secondary structure.CONCLUSION： Under gastric conditions, the iron core of pea ferritin is released into the digestive medium due to acid induced structural alterations and dissociation of protein. The released iron interacts with dietary factors leading to modulation of pea ferritin iron bioavailability,resembling the typical characteristics of non-heme iron.
基金support provided by the Key National Nature Science Fund(No.50938004)the National Science Funds for Young Scientists(No.50102582)+1 种基金Nature Science Fund of Jiangsu Province(No. BK2010381)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘The graft copolymerization of acrylic acid（AA） onto polyethylene glycol terephthalate（PET） fiber initialed by benzoy peroxide （BPO） was carried out in heterogeneous media.Moreover,modification of the grafted PET fiber（PET-AA） was done by changing the carboxyl group into acylamino group through the reaction with dimethylamine.The modified chelating fiber（NDWJN1） was characterized using elementary analysis,SEM and FT-IR spectroscopy.Adsorption kinetic curves indicated that NDWJNl could fast remove heavy metal ions and phytic acids from water effectively.Furthermore,batch kinetic studies indicated that heavy metal ions adsorbed to NDWJNl could be filted well by both pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order adsorption equations,but the intra-particle diffusion played a dominant role in the adsorption of phytic acids.
文摘Biofortification of commonly eaten staple food crops with essential mineral micronutrients is a potential sustainable solution to global micronutrient malnutrition. Because phytic acid (PA;1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakis myo-inositol) reduces mineral micronutrient bioavailability, reduction of PA levels could increase the bioavailability of biofortified iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). PA is viewed as an anti-nutrient, yet PA and other inositol phosphates have also demonstrated positive health benefits. Phytic acid analysis in the agricultural, food, and nutritional sciences is typically carried out by colorimetry and chromatographic techniques. In addition, advanced techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance and synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy have also been used in phytic acid analysis. The colorimetric analysis may overestimate PA levels and synchrotron X-ray absorption techniques may not detect very low levels of inositol phosphates. This short communication discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each widely used phytic acid analysis method, and suggests high performance anion exchange (HPAE) chromatography with conductivity detection (CD) based analysis can achieve greater accuracy for the identification and quantification of inositol phosphates. Accurate characterization and quantification of PA and inositol phosphates will inform PA reduction and biofortification efforts, allowing retention of the benefits of non-phytic inositol phosphates for both plants and humans.
文摘Mungbean(Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) is a short-duration legume crop cultivated for seeds that are rich in protein and carbohydrates. Mungbeans contain phytic acid(PA), an anti-nutritional factor that is the main storage form of organic phosphorus in seeds. It is a strong inhibitor against the absorption of nutrients including iron, zinc, calcium and magnesium in monogastric animals. Genotypes with low phytic acid(lpa) in seed may show increased assimilation of nutrients and be useful in breeding lpa cultivars. The present study was conducted to identify lpa sources, genetic variation, heritability, and association with seed coat color, inorganic phosphorus(IP), and seed size in 102 mungbean genotypes including released varieties, land races, mutants, and wild species grown in two seasons: summer 2011 and rabi 2012. PA and IP in dry seeds were estimated by modified colorimetric method and Chen's modified method,respectively. PA, IP, and 100-seed weight differed significantly in the two seasons. PA content in102 genotypes ranged from 5.74 to 18.98 mg g-1and 5.85 to 20.02 mg g-1in summer 2011 and rabi 2012, respectively. High heritability was found for PA(0.87 and 0.86) and seed size(0.82 and0.83) but low heritability for IP(0.61 and 0.60). A negative correlation was found between PA and seed size(r =-0.183 and-0.267). Yellow and green seed coat genotypes contained significantly less PA than black seed coat genotypes. Cluster analysis revealed the distinctness of wild species, land races and cultivated varieties on the basis of PA content. The genotypes YBSM(6.001 mg g-1) and JL-781(6.179 mg g-1) showed lowest PA. These lpa sources can be used to develop high-yielding mungbean cultivars with low phytic acid.
文摘Twenty-nine japonica rice varieties collected from Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, China were planted in Hangzhou, China, to investigate the phytic acid content in brown rice and its frequency distribution as well as the correlation among the contents of phytic acid, total protein and four protein compositions in brown rice. The phytic acid content in brown rice ranged from 0.699% to 1.034%, with a mean of 0.868% for the 29 tested rice varieties. Xiushui series rice varieties generally exhibited lower phytic acid level than Wuyujing and Huai series rice varieties. A rough normal distribution, with a mean of 8.722%, was observed for the total protein contents in the tested varieties. Of the four protein compositions, the glutelin, globulin and albumin contents had larger coefficient of variation than the prolamin content, although the difference in prolamin content was genotype-dependent. No significant correlation was found between the phytic acid and four protein composition contents, whereas the total protein content was significantly and positively related to the glutelin content in brown rice.
基金Funded by the Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology,Ministry of Education
文摘The impact of phytic acid concentration,immersion time and soaking temperature on phytic acid conversion coating of the Mg-Li alloy are studied.The surface morphology and the corrosion of the phytic acid conversion coating are tested by using scanning electron microscopy and the electrochemical analyzer.The results show that phytic acid concentration and immersion time,soaking temperature affects the microstructure and corrosion resistance of the phytic acid conversion coating.There is a passivation interval with a smaller capacitor and larger resistor in the phytic acid conversion coating.The phytic acid conversion coating is made up of white particle and flake film.
基金financially supported by grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31072219)
文摘Soybean stachyose (SBS) and phytic acid (PA) are anti-nutritional factors (ANF) which have deleterious effects on the growth and digestibility in fish. The present research studied the effects of dietary SBS and PA on the expression of three serine protease genes in the liver of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). These genes are trypsinogen 1 (poTRY), elastase 1 (poEL) and chymotrypsinogen 1 (poCTRY). Eight artificial diets with graded levels of supplemented ANFs were formulated to 4 levels of SBS (0.00, 0.40, 0.80 and 1.50%), 4 levels of PA (0.00, 0.20, 0.40 and 0.80), respectively.Japanese flounder (initial weight 2.45 g ± 0.01 g) were fed with these diets for 10 weeks with three replications per treatment. At the end of 10 weeks, supplementation of 0.40% of dietary SBS or PA significantly increased the gene expression of poTRY and poCTRY (P<0.05). The same level of dietary SBS significantly decreased the gene expression of poEL. In comparison with the control group (ANF-free),dietary PA (0.2% and 0.8%) significantly decreased the gene expression of poTRY, poCTRY and poEL (P<0.05). However, excessive supplement of dietary SBS (1.5%) has no significant effects on these gene expressions (P>0.05). These results suggested that dietary SBS and dietary PA could directly affect the serine protease genes at the transcriptional level in Japanese flounder, and these genes'expression was more sensitive to dietary PA than to SBS under the current experimental conditions.
基金financially supported by Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(No. 2015J01058)National Found for Fostering Talents of Basic Science(No. J1310024)
文摘In this work, three dimensional phytic acid-induced graphene coating was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and fabricated on a stainless-steel wire using physical coating method as a solid phase microextraction （SPME） coating. The graphene coating revealed high specific surface area, extraordinary electrical conductivity and excellent chemical stability. Coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector （GC-FID）, the home-made phytic acid-induced graphene SPME fiber exhibited excellent extraction efficiency for the analysis of nerolidol in tea samples. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range of working curve was found to be 1-1000 ng/g, and the limit of detection of nerolidol was 0.18 ng/g. The coefficient variation of repeatability for each single fiber and reproducibility for fiber to fiber was less than 3.9Yg and 8.3~, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31071366 and 31271655)
文摘Six japonica rice genotypes, differing in panicle type, grain density, and phytic acid （PA） content, were applied to investigate the effect of grain position on the concentrations of major mineral nutrients and its relation to PA content and grain weight within a panicle. Grain position significantly affected the concentrations of the studied min- erals in both the vertical and horizontal axes of a rice panicle. Heavy-weight grains, located on primary rachis and top rachis, generally had higher mineral concentrations, but were lower in PA concentration and molar ratios of PNZn, compared with the small-weight grains located on secondary rachis and bottom rachis, regardless of rice genotypes. However, on the basis of six rice genotypes, no significant correlations were found among mineral elements, PA, and grain weight. These results suggested that some desired minerals, like Zn and Fe, and their bioavailability, can be enhanced simultaneously by the modification of panicle patterns, and it will be helpful in the selection of rice genotypes with low PA and high mineral nutrients for further breeding strategy without sacrificing their high yields.
文摘Inositol phosphates are the main form of phosphorous (P) storage in legume seeds. Mutants low in inositol hexaphosphate (IP6), also known as phytic acid (PA), have been developed to increase iron (Fe) bioavailability and reduce P waste to the environment. The objectives of this study were to determine 1) inositol-P form changes during germination, and 2) the effect of P fertilizer application on seed PA, total P, and Fe concentration of three field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars and two low-PA lines grown under greenhouse conditions. Low-PA field pea lines clearly had lower PA (1.3 - 1.4 mg·g-1) than cultivars (3.1 - 3.7 mg·g-1). Phytic acid concentration in both cultivars and low-PA lines decreased during germination, but tended to increase seven days after germination. Levels of inositol-3-phosphate-phosphate (IP3-P;0.6 mg·g-1) and inorganic P (1.8 - 2.0 mg·g-1) were higher in low-PA lines than in the field pea cultivars. Reduction of PA in low-PA line seeds may reduce seed Fe and total P concentrations, as levels in the low-PA lines (37 - 42 mg·kg-1 Fe;4003 - 4473 mg·kg-1 total P) were typically less than in field pea cultivars (37 - 55 mg·kg-1 Fe;3208 - 4985 mg·kg-1 total P) at different P fertilizer rates. Overall, IP3 is the major form of P present in low-PA field pea lines during germination;however IP6 is the major form of P present in field pea cultivars. Therefore, low-PA field pea lines could be a potential solution to increase Fe bioavailability, feed P utilization, and reduce P waste to the environment.
