The supply of highly concentrated oxygen positively affects cognitive processing in normal young adults. However, there have been few reports on changes in cognitive ability in elderly subjects following highly concen...The supply of highly concentrated oxygen positively affects cognitive processing in normal young adults. However, there have been few reports on changes in cognitive ability in elderly subjects following highly concentrated oxygen administration. This study investigated changes in cognitive ability, blood oxygen saturation （%）, and heart rate （beats/min） in normal elderly subjects at three different levels of oxygen [21% （1 L/min）, 93% （1 L/min）, and 93% （5 L/min）] administered during a 1-back task. Eight elderly male （75.3 ＋ 4.3 years old） and 10 female （71.1 ＋ 3.9 years old） subjects, who were normal in cognitive ability as shown by a score of more than 24 points in the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea, participated in the experiment. The experiment consisted of an adaptation phase after the start of oxygen administration （3 minutes）, a control phase to obtain stable baseline measurements of heart rate and blood oxygen saturation before the task （2 minutes） and a task phase during which the 1-back task was performed （2 minutes）. Three levels of oxygen were administered throughout the three phases （7 minutes）. Blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured during each phase. Our results show that blood oxygen saturation increased, heart rate decreased, and response time in the 1-back task decreased as the concentration and amount of administered oxygen increased. This shows that administration of sufficient oxygen for optimal cognitive functioning increases blood oxygen saturation and decreases heart rate.展开更多
Predators induce plastic responses in multiple prey taxa, ranging from morphological to behavioral or physiological changes. In amphibians, tadpoles activate plastic responses to reduce predation risk by reducing thei...Predators induce plastic responses in multiple prey taxa, ranging from morphological to behavioral or physiological changes. In amphibians, tadpoles activate plastic responses to reduce predation risk by reducing their activity rate and altering their morphology, specifically tail depth and pigmentation. Furthermore, there is now evidence that tadpoles＇ defenses are modi- fied when predators combine with other stressful factors such as pollutants or competitors, but our knowledge on the physiologi- cal responses underlying these responses is still scarce. Here we study physiological responses in Pelobates cultripes tadpoles exposed to a natural predator （larvae of the aquatic beetle Dytiscus circumflexus）, non-lethal concentrations of herbicide （gly- phosate, 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L） or both factors combined. We measured corticosterone levels, standard metabolic rate, oxidative damage （TBARS） and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and immune response （via leukocyte count）. Tadpoles reduced their corti- costerone concentration by ca. 24% in the presence of predator cues, whereas corticosterone did not change in the presence of glyphosate. Two enzymes involved in antioxidant response also decreased in the presence of predators （14.7% and 13.2% respec- tively） but not to glyphosate. Herbicide, however, increased the number of neutrophils and reduced that of lymphocytes, and had an interaction effect with predator presence. Standard metabolic rate did not vary across treatments in our experiment. Thus we show a marked physiological response to the presence of predators but little evidence for interaction between predators and low levels of herbicide. Multiple assessment of the physiological state of animals is important to understand the basis and conse- quences ofphenotypic plasticity展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy on the anxiety level and physiological response of patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery.Methods:Relevant randomized controlled trials that compared the combin...Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy on the anxiety level and physiological response of patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery.Methods:Relevant randomized controlled trials that compared the combined effect of music therapy for patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery were included.Four English databases and three Chinese databases were searched from inception to Jan.2022.Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and risk of bias assessments.The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias.Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.The outcomes were overall anxiety,blood pressure,heart rate and pain.Results:A total of 11 trials with 1,469 participants were included in the meta-analysis.Compared to standard care,music therapy had a good effect on reducing the anxiety levels of patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery(P<0.05).The results also suggested that music therapy produced a significant improvement in blood pressure(P<0.05)and heart rate(P<0.05).The visual analogue scale(VAS)showed that music therapy significantly reduced pain compared to standard care(P<0.05).Conclusions:This meta-analysis provided evidence that music therapy has an obvious effect on relieving anxiety levels,while it is also more effective in alleviating pain and improving physiological responses than standard care alone.Our findings may provide accurate evidence-based guidance for the clinical implementation of music therapy.In the future,more high-quality studies are required for verifying these results.展开更多
The physiological responses of 2-year-old seedlings of Nuttall＇s oak （Quercus nuttallii） and Southern red oak （Q.falcata） with two treatments i.e., deep-drowning and shallow-drowning, were studied. Taxodium disti...The physiological responses of 2-year-old seedlings of Nuttall＇s oak （Quercus nuttallii） and Southern red oak （Q.falcata） with two treatments i.e., deep-drowning and shallow-drowning, were studied. Taxodium distichum was selected as a control. The survival rates of seedlings were calculated, the photosynthetic indices were detected by Licor-6400 photosynthetic system instrument, and the root activities of seedlings were tested by the method of triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC）. Results showed that： 1） By experiencing flooding for 76 d and recovering for 60 d after water was drained off, all seedlings survived under the shallow-drowning treatment. None of Q. falcata seedlings died in the deep-drowning treatment until the 49th day. The survival rate of Q. falcata in the deep-drowning treatment was 30%. 2） Within 61 d of waterlogging treatments, the net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （gs） and transpiration rate （Tr） showed a tendency of declining, but intercellular concentration of CO2 （Ci） increased. With the prolongation of flooding stress, the extents of variation for all indices under deep-drowning treatment were larger than those under the shallow-drowning treatment. The variation of Q. falcata in flooding stress was larger than that of Q. nuttallii. 3） The root vigor and alcohol dehydrogenase （ADH） activities were detected at the 61st day in flooding stress. Waterlogging obviously inhibited root activities. Shallow-drowning made root vigor of Q. nuttallii decreased by 11.7%, and for Q. falcata, by 51.88%. Shallow-drowning treatment had no remarkable effects on ADH activities of seedlings, but deep-drowning increased those of Q. nuttallii seedlings by 227.24%, and decreased those of Q. falcata seedlings by 59.22% in the meantime. We conclude that Q. nuttallii had a stronger waterlogging resistance than Q. falcata, but weaker than T. distichum.展开更多
Crop yield loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide.Salt stress drastically affects the growth,development,and grain productivity of rice(Oryza sativa L.),and the improvement of r...Crop yield loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide.Salt stress drastically affects the growth,development,and grain productivity of rice(Oryza sativa L.),and the improvement of rice tolerance to salt stress is a desirable approach for meeting increasing food demand.The main contributors to salt toxicity at a global scale are Na^(+)and Cl^(-)ions,which affect up to 50%of irrigated soils.Plant responses to salt stress occur at the organismic,cellular,and molecular levels and are pleiotropic,involving(1)maintenance of ionic homeostasis,(2)osmotic adjustment,(3)ROS scavenging,and(4)nutritional balance.In this review,we discuss recent research progress on these four aspects of plant physiological response,with particular attention to hormonal and gene expression regulation and salt tolerance signaling pathways in rice.The information summarized here will be useful for accelerating the breeding of salt-tolerant rice.展开更多
Agriophyllum squarrosum is an annual desert plant widely distributed on mobile and semi-mobile dunes in all the sandy deserts of China. We studied the growth and physiological properties of A. squarrosum seedlings und...Agriophyllum squarrosum is an annual desert plant widely distributed on mobile and semi-mobile dunes in all the sandy deserts of China. We studied the growth and physiological properties of A. squarrosum seedlings under different sand burial depths in 2010 and 2011 at Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia to understand the ability and mechanism that A. squarrosum withstands sand burial. The results showed that A. squarrosum had a strong ability to withstand sand burial. Its survival rate, plant height and biomass increased significantly at a burial depth 25% of seedling height and decreased significantly only when the burial depth exceeded the height of the seedlings; some plants still survived even if the burial depth reached 266% of a seedling height. The malondialdehyde （MDA） content and membrane permeability of the plant did not change significantly as long as the burial depth was not greater than the seedling height; lipid peroxidation increased and cell membranes were damaged if the burial depth was increased further. When subjected to sand burial stress, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） activities and free proline content increased in the seedlings, while the catalase （CAT） activity and soluble sugar content decreased. Sand burial did not lead to water stress. Reductions in photosynthetic area and cell membrane damage caused by sand burial may be the major mechanisms increasing mortality and inhibiting growth of the seedling. But the increases in SOD and POD activities and proline content must play a certain role in reducing sand burial damage.展开更多
Drought is one of the most significant natural disasters in the arid and semi-arid areas of China.Populations or plant organs often differ in their responses to drought and other adversities at different growth stages...Drought is one of the most significant natural disasters in the arid and semi-arid areas of China.Populations or plant organs often differ in their responses to drought and other adversities at different growth stages.At present,little is known about the size-and leaf age-dependent differences in the mechanisms of shrub-related drought resistance in the deserts of China.Here,we evaluated the photosynthetic and physiological responses of Artemisia ordosica Krasch.to drought stress using a field experiment in Mu Us Sandy Land,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China in 2018.Rainfall was manipulated by installing outdoor shelters,with four rainfall treatments applied to 12 plots(5 m×5 m).There were four rainfall levels,including a control and rainfall reductions of 30%,50%and 70%,each with three replications.Taking individual crown size as the dividing basis,we measured the responses of A.ordosica photosynthetic and physiological responses to drought at different growth stages,i.e.,large-sized(>0.5 m^(2))and small-sized(≤0.5 m^(2))plants.The leaves of A.ordosica were divided into old leaves and young leaves for separate measurement.Results showed that:(1)under drought stress,the transfer efficiency of light energy captured by antenna pigments to the photosystem II(PSII)reaction center decreased,and the heat dissipation capacity increased simultaneously.To resist the photosynthetic system damage caused by drought,A.ordosica enhanced its free radical scavenging capacity by activating its antioxidant enzyme system;and(2)growth stage and leaf age had effects on the reaction of the photosynthetic system to drought.Small A.ordosica plants could not withstand severe drought stress(70%rainfall reduction),whereas large A.ordosica individuals could absorb deep soil water to ensure their survival in severe drought stressed condition.Under 30%and 50%rainfall reduction conditions,young leaves had a greater ability to resist drought than old leaves,whereas the latter were more resistant to severe drought stress.The response of A.ordosica photosynthetic system reflected the trade-off at different growth stages and leaf ages of photosynthetic production under different degrees of drought.This study provides a more comprehensive and systematic perspective for understanding the drought resistance mechanisms of desert plants.展开更多
Given the increased circulation time after fishing,a series of changes take place in live clams,leading to a deterioration in quality even after death.Thus,in this study,we aimed to explore the optimal mode of transpo...Given the increased circulation time after fishing,a series of changes take place in live clams,leading to a deterioration in quality even after death.Thus,in this study,we aimed to explore the optimal mode of transportation of clams.The container for holding clams was reformed,and a water circulation temperature control system was established.The physiological responses of clams during anhydrous and watery transportation at two temperatures(4 and 15℃)were investigated based on the aforementioned system.When comparing the transportation patterns after 3 d of transport,a higher survival rate was observed at 4℃(97%)than at 15℃(63%)in the anhydrous transportation groups and a lower survival rate was observed at 4℃(93%)than at 15℃(99%)in the watery transportation groups.In addition,the glycogen content,condition index(CI),and adenylate energy charge(A.E.C)value were higher at4℃((40.87±0.99)mg g^(-1),13.71%±0.50%and 57.45%±1.60%)than at 15℃((30.54±0.81)mg g^(-1),9.09%±0.30%and 43.12%±1.65%)in the anhydrous transportation groups.In the watery transportation groups,a lower glycogen content,CI,and A.E.C.value were observed at 4℃((33.78±0.84)mg g^(-1),9.78%±0.50%and 64.65%±1.25%)than at 15℃((41.53±0.93)mg g^(-1),12.72%±0.83%and 71.58%±1.27%).Results from this study show that anhydrous transportation(4℃)is the optimal transport condition for clams to maintain a high quality and good physiological conditions.Thus,this study will be particularly useful for establishing shellfish transportation systems.展开更多
Heavy metal pollution has become a worldwide problem in aquaculture. We studied copper （Cu^2＋） accumulation and physiological responses of two red algae Gracilaria lemaneiformis and Gracilaria lichenoides from Chin...Heavy metal pollution has become a worldwide problem in aquaculture. We studied copper （Cu^2＋） accumulation and physiological responses of two red algae Gracilaria lemaneiformis and Gracilaria lichenoides from China under Cu^2＋ exposure of 0-500 μg/L in concentration. Compared with G. lemaneiformis, G. lichenoides was more capable in accumulating Cu^2＋, specifically, more Cu〉 on extracellular side （cell wall） than on intracellular side （cytoplasm） and in cell organelles （especially chloroplast, cell nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosome）. In addition, G. lichenoides contained more insoluble polysaccharide in cell wall, which might promote the extracellular Cu^2＋-binding as an efficient barrier against metal toxicity. Conversely, G. lemaneiformis was more vulnerable than G. lichenoides to Cu^2＋ toxin for decreases in growth, pigment （chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, phycobiliprotein, and B-carotene） content, and photosynthetic activity. Moreover, more serious oxidative damages in G. lemaneiformis than in G. lichenoides, in accumulation of reactive oxidative species and malondialdehyde, and in electrolyte leakage, because of lower antioxidant enzyme （superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase） activities. Therefore, G. lichenoides was less susceptible to Cu〉 stress than G. lemaneiformis.展开更多
Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in...Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effects of firefighters’protective gloves on physiological responses,psychological responses,and manual performance in a cold environment through human trials.Twelve participants w...This study aimed to investigate the effects of firefighters’protective gloves on physiological responses,psychological responses,and manual performance in a cold environment through human trials.Twelve participants wearing firefighter protective equipment were exposed to a 16℃ environment,while their hands were exposed to a small chamber of 0℃ with(FPG)and without(CON)firefighting protective gloves.During the trials,physiological responses(core temperature(Tc),the mean skin temperature(Tsk),and heart rate(HR)),psychological responses(thermal sensation vote(TSV)and pain sensation vote(PSV)),and manual performance(handgrip strength,manual dexterity,maximum finger flexion,and tactile sensitivity)were obtained.The results indicated a significant difference(p<0.05)between FPG and CON regarding Tsk.Furthermore,pain sensation occurred when the mean skin temperature of the hand was between 15℃ and 20℃.Gloves significantly(p<0.05)reduced handgrip strength,manual dexterity,and tactile sensitivity in the cold exposure.This study provides fundamental knowledge for cold strain assessment and high-performance protective glove development with the potential to improve firefighters’safety and health.展开更多
Soil cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)pollution is becoming increasingly serious;heavy metals are accumulating in soil and agricultural products,and vegetables,as an indispensable part of people’s daily diet,affect human healt...Soil cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)pollution is becoming increasingly serious;heavy metals are accumulating in soil and agricultural products,and vegetables,as an indispensable part of people’s daily diet,affect human health through the food chain.This study investigated the effects of different concentrations of Cd and Pb stress on growth root length,above-ground/below-ground biomass,chlorophyll,osmoregulatory substances(soluble proteins,soluble sugars,proline)content,and antioxidant enzymes(malondialdehyde(MDA),peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT))activities of four Cd and Pb highand low-accumulating varieties of Chinese cabbage in hydroponic mode.The results showed that under Cd and Pb stress,Chinese cabbage could resist heavy metal stress by increasing the contents of osmoregulatory substances and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves.However,with the increase of heavy metal concentration,the physiological metabolic activities of Chinese cabbage leaf cells were affected,and the activities of POD,CAT,SOD,and osmoregulators decreased,while the osmoregulators of low Cd and Pb accumulating varieties were more stable,and the activities of POD,CAT,and SOD reached the peak value first compared with those of the high accumulating varieties.This study analyzed the physiological functions of different accumulating types of Chinese cabbage under Cd and Pb stress,in order to provide a theoretical basis for cultivating low Cd and Pb accumulating varieties.展开更多
Wind disturbance has emerged as a potential eco-friendly method for seedling cultivation.In this study,an electromechanical device was designed and built to investigate the effects of airflow on the micro-environment ...Wind disturbance has emerged as a potential eco-friendly method for seedling cultivation.In this study,an electromechanical device was designed and built to investigate the effects of airflow on the micro-environment and physiological activities of tomato seedlings in seedbeds by controlled experiments.The results indicated that airflow could enhance CO_(2) concentration near the seedling canopy,accelerate water evaporation from the seedling substrate,and reduce fluctuations in the temperature and humidity in microclimate.The photosynthetic rates of leaves at the 4th,7th,and 10th positions in seedlings subjected to airflow increased by 25.04%,8.23%,and 8.47%,respectively,whereas the transpiration rates increased by 15.59%,22.28%,and 13.26%,respectively when compared to the control group.Additionally,the strong seedling index of seedlings treated with airflow and exogenous iron element increased by 26.02%and 31.5%,respectively.Compared to seedlings treated with exogenous iron element,the geometric mean diameter of the pith tissue cells in the stems of seedlings subjected to airflow disturbance was reduced by approximately 18.66%,while the elastic modulus and bending strength of the stems increased by 10.01%and 5.89%,respectively.Similarly,the volume of root tissue cells decreased by 19.22%,but the elastic modulus of the roots increased by 6.46%.This study confirms that airflow significantly enhances seedling resilience to abiotic stress,yielding similar or better outcomes than exogenous iron application.It provides both theoretical and practical support for using airflow disturbance as a green technology for cultivating robust seedlings.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the physiological and biochemical responses of Chinese cabbage to La and Zn. [Method] The effects of La and Zn on seed germination and seedling growth were explored by ...[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the physiological and biochemical responses of Chinese cabbage to La and Zn. [Method] The effects of La and Zn on seed germination and seedling growth were explored by tissue culture method. [Result] La and Zn had little effects on seed germination rate, but significantly inhibited the growth of root and seedling, decreased their fresh weight at higher concentration; the inhibition of La proved higher on Chinese cabbage. The contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein increased at lower concentrations of La and Zn, but decreased at higher concentrations. With increasing doses of La and Zn, the activities of CAT and POD rose gradually, while SOD activity decreased at lower doses and increased at higher doses. Both of La and Zn would promote Of. producing and MDA accumulation. [Conclusion] In higher concentration, La was more poisonous than Zn. It is clear that the poisonous mechanism of La is similar to that of Zn. Hence, La is possibly a kind of new pollutant.展开更多
Foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.),a member of the Paniceae family,is a temperate and tropical grass species that is widely cultivated on the Eurasian continent.It is Chinese in origin and possesses a small genome,sho...Foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.),a member of the Paniceae family,is a temperate and tropical grass species that is widely cultivated on the Eurasian continent.It is Chinese in origin and possesses a small genome,short growth cycle,and strong natural abiotic stress resistance.Elucidating the mechanism of millet tolerance to salt stress is becoming increasingly important with increasing soil salinization limiting crop productivity.The responses and mechanisms of tolerance to salt stress from other model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice,were compared with those from foxtail millet to summarize current research on responses to salt stress.Numerous processes are involved in these processes,including physiological reactions,sensing,signaling,and control at the transcriptional,post-transcriptional,and epigenetic levels.To increase crop productivity and agricultural sustainability,a variety of technologies can be used to investigate how salt tolerance is mediated by physiological and molecular processes in foxtail millet.展开更多
Many fungal phytopathogens can secrete oxalic acid （OA）, which is the crucial pathogenic determinant and plays important roles in pathogenicity and virulence of pathogen during infection process. However, how plants...Many fungal phytopathogens can secrete oxalic acid （OA）, which is the crucial pathogenic determinant and plays important roles in pathogenicity and virulence of pathogen during infection process. However, how plants respond to OA stress still needs further characterization. In this study, we observed the physiological and molecular responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to OA stress. The leaves of 6-wk-old A. thaliana were sprayed with OA and distilled water respectively, and 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h later, the leaves were collected and the contents of MDA, H2O2, and GSH, and the activities of CAT, SOD, and POD were determined and the expressions of PR1 and PDF1.2 were also studied. Under the stress of 30 mmol L-1 OA, SOD activity was first enhanced to reduce the accumulation of O2.-. But immediately, POD, CAT, and GSH all decreased extremely resulting in the accumulation of H2O2, and the MDA content increased 24 h later. GSH activity was enhanced significantly at 24 h after OA used. However, H2O2 wasn＇t eliminated at the same time, suggesting that the activity inhibitions of POD and CAT might be the reasons that caused Arabidopsis cells＇ impairment under OA stress. RT-PCR results indicated that PDF1.2, a marker gene of the JA/ET signaling was significantly induced; PR1, an indicator gene in SA signaling, was slighlty induced from 8 to 12 h after OA stress. In conclusion, Arabidopsis may recruit metabolism of reactive oxygen, both JA/ET and SA signaling pathways to respond to OA stress. These results will facilitate our further understanding the mechanisms of plant response to OA and OA-dependent fungal infection.展开更多
Background Eutrophication and acid rain are two threats that many water bodies must contend with.Eutrophication and climate change have accelerated widespread outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms as both have become mor...Background Eutrophication and acid rain are two threats that many water bodies must contend with.Eutrophication and climate change have accelerated widespread outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms as both have become more severe.Pontederia cordata,a garden ornamental plant,can inhibit some algae growth and remove total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)from the water.In this study,we investigated how simulated acid rain and eutrophication co-pollution affected P.cordata’s growth physiology and ability to inhibit algae growth.Results Under mild eutrophication(2 mg·L^(−1)TN,0.4 mg·L^(−1)TP,and 15 mg·L^(−1)CODMn)or weak acid rain(pH=5.0),P.cordata alleviated the degree of cell membrane lipid peroxidation by stabilizing superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities in the leaves,allowing for normal plant growth.Under mild eutrophication and acid rain conditions,cultured P.cordata water samples maintained strong algae inhibition by reducing the Chl a content and SOD activity of Microcystis aeruginosa cells.Compound stress where acid rain was the primary inhibitory factor along with moderate or severe eutrophication inhibited P.cordata growth,which probably reduced the input of algae-inhibiting allelochemicals,thus reducing its ability to inhibit algae.Conclusions In summary,P.cordata has application potential in mild eutrophic water and acid rain(pH≥4).These findings provide guidance for further research on phytoremediation and algae control in scenarios of compound pollution.展开更多
Different plants have physiological responses under Al stress,but there is no systematic study to examine physiological responses of herbaceous plants under Al stress.The aim of this study is to investigate the effect...Different plants have physiological responses under Al stress,but there is no systematic study to examine physiological responses of herbaceous plants under Al stress.The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Al on physiological characteristics of four herbaceous plants,which distributed in red soil area in South China,and to analyze the differences in physiological responses to Al stress between the four herbaceous plants.Four herbaceous plants(Pharbitis nil,Cassia occidentlis,Echinochloa colonum and Aeschynomene indica)were used,and the seed germi-nation percentage,the contents of chlorophyll,proline,and malondialdehyde(MDA),membrane permeability(MP),soluble sugar,and activities of peroxides(POD)and cata-lase(CAT)in leaves under five Al^(3+)treatments(0,80,400,2000,and 10000 mg/L)were assayed with the sand culture method.The results showed remarkable effects of Al^(3+)on physiological characteristics of these four herbaceous plants.The seeds of all the four species could not germinate at 10000 mg/L,and the growth of all plants were retarded under the 2000 mg/L Al^(3+)treatment.Compared with the control,2000 mg/L Al^(3+)significantly(P<0.05)reduced the con-tents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a+b,and increased the contents of MDA and MP.The content of proline in-creased very significantly(P<0.01)and activities of POD and CAT were depressed.The contents of MDA and MP in leaves of P.nil and A.indica decreased,and the activities of POD and CAT in leaves of the two plants increased under 80 mg/L and 400 mg/L.However,the changes in C.occidentlis leaves were opposite to those of the above two plants.The changes in leaves of E.colonum were similar to those of P.nil and A.indica at 80 mg/L,but were opposite to those at 400 mg/L Al^(3+).It is suggested that plants with higher ac-tivities of POD and CAT,more contents of chlorophyll and proline,and lower contents of MDA and MP consequently improve the tolerance to Al stress under low and middle Al treatments.展开更多
Ethylene is one of the most important plant hormones that regulate physiological responses, maturity and senescence of postharvest fruits and vegetables. The determination of its role in the wound-healing response of ...Ethylene is one of the most important plant hormones that regulate physiological responses, maturity and senescence of postharvest fruits and vegetables. The determination of its role in the wound-healing response of fruits and vegetables is helpful in understanding the wound responses. 2,5-Norbornadiene （NBD）, inhibitor ethylene binding were used to determine the effect of ethylene action on wound-induced response of fresh-cut winter squash, a kind of vegetables known to produce ethylene markedly after cutting. The effect of NBD on the physiological and biochemical changes of fresh-cut winter squash was investigated in this experiment. The results showed that NBD had great effects on physio-biochemical metabolism of fresh-cut winter squash. Ethylene production was inhibited significantly by NBD. NBD also had an inhibition effect on polyphenol oxidase （PPO）, peroxidase （POD） and phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL） activity. The effect of NBD on lipoxygenase （LOX） activity and superoxide dismutase （SOD） was not obvious. NBD treated sample showed a more rapid increase in catalase （CAT） activity, which may help in healing the damage of the tissue. These information are important in understanding the fundamental biology of wound response and in the development of new technology to hasten wound-healing and, thereby, to minimize costly wound-related problems in fresh-cut industry.展开更多
The interleukin-17 family is the key group of cytokines and displays a broad spectrum of biological functions,including regulating the inflammatory cascade in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,such as multi...The interleukin-17 family is the key group of cytokines and displays a broad spectrum of biological functions,including regulating the inflammatory cascade in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder,myasthenia gravis,Guillain–Barre syndrome,acute disseminated encephalomyelitis,diabetes,inflammatory skin diseases,joint inflammation,and cancer.Although the function of the interleukin-17 family has attracted increasing research attention over many years,the expression,function,and regulation mechanisms of different interleukin-17 members are complicated and still only partially understood.Currently,the interleukin-17A pathway is considered a critical therapeutic target for numerous immune and chronic inflammatory diseases,with several monoclonal antibodies against interleukin-17A having been successfully used in clinical practice.Whether other interleukin-17 members have the potential to be targeted in other diseases is still debated.This review first summarizes the recent advancements in understanding the physicochemical properties,physiological functions,cellular origins,and downstream signaling pathways of different members and corresponding receptors of the interleukin-17 family.Subsequently,the function of interleukin-17 in various immune diseases is discussed,and the important role of interleukin-17 in the pathological process of immune diseases is demonstrated from multiple perspectives.Then,the current status of targeted interleukin-17 therapy is summarized,and the effectiveness and safety of targeted interleukin-17 therapy are analyzed.Finally,the clinical application prospects of targeting the interleukin-17 pathway are discussed.展开更多
文摘The supply of highly concentrated oxygen positively affects cognitive processing in normal young adults. However, there have been few reports on changes in cognitive ability in elderly subjects following highly concentrated oxygen administration. This study investigated changes in cognitive ability, blood oxygen saturation （%）, and heart rate （beats/min） in normal elderly subjects at three different levels of oxygen [21% （1 L/min）, 93% （1 L/min）, and 93% （5 L/min）] administered during a 1-back task. Eight elderly male （75.3 ＋ 4.3 years old） and 10 female （71.1 ＋ 3.9 years old） subjects, who were normal in cognitive ability as shown by a score of more than 24 points in the Mini-Mental State Examination-Korea, participated in the experiment. The experiment consisted of an adaptation phase after the start of oxygen administration （3 minutes）, a control phase to obtain stable baseline measurements of heart rate and blood oxygen saturation before the task （2 minutes） and a task phase during which the 1-back task was performed （2 minutes）. Three levels of oxygen were administered throughout the three phases （7 minutes）. Blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured during each phase. Our results show that blood oxygen saturation increased, heart rate decreased, and response time in the 1-back task decreased as the concentration and amount of administered oxygen increased. This shows that administration of sufficient oxygen for optimal cognitive functioning increases blood oxygen saturation and decreases heart rate.
文摘Predators induce plastic responses in multiple prey taxa, ranging from morphological to behavioral or physiological changes. In amphibians, tadpoles activate plastic responses to reduce predation risk by reducing their activity rate and altering their morphology, specifically tail depth and pigmentation. Furthermore, there is now evidence that tadpoles＇ defenses are modi- fied when predators combine with other stressful factors such as pollutants or competitors, but our knowledge on the physiologi- cal responses underlying these responses is still scarce. Here we study physiological responses in Pelobates cultripes tadpoles exposed to a natural predator （larvae of the aquatic beetle Dytiscus circumflexus）, non-lethal concentrations of herbicide （gly- phosate, 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L） or both factors combined. We measured corticosterone levels, standard metabolic rate, oxidative damage （TBARS） and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and immune response （via leukocyte count）. Tadpoles reduced their corti- costerone concentration by ca. 24% in the presence of predator cues, whereas corticosterone did not change in the presence of glyphosate. Two enzymes involved in antioxidant response also decreased in the presence of predators （14.7% and 13.2% respec- tively） but not to glyphosate. Herbicide, however, increased the number of neutrophils and reduced that of lymphocytes, and had an interaction effect with predator presence. Standard metabolic rate did not vary across treatments in our experiment. Thus we show a marked physiological response to the presence of predators but little evidence for interaction between predators and low levels of herbicide. Multiple assessment of the physiological state of animals is important to understand the basis and conse- quences ofphenotypic plasticity
文摘Objective:To evaluate the effectiveness of music therapy on the anxiety level and physiological response of patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery.Methods:Relevant randomized controlled trials that compared the combined effect of music therapy for patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery were included.Four English databases and three Chinese databases were searched from inception to Jan.2022.Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and risk of bias assessments.The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias.Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3.The outcomes were overall anxiety,blood pressure,heart rate and pain.Results:A total of 11 trials with 1,469 participants were included in the meta-analysis.Compared to standard care,music therapy had a good effect on reducing the anxiety levels of patients undergoing ophthalmic surgery(P<0.05).The results also suggested that music therapy produced a significant improvement in blood pressure(P<0.05)and heart rate(P<0.05).The visual analogue scale(VAS)showed that music therapy significantly reduced pain compared to standard care(P<0.05).Conclusions:This meta-analysis provided evidence that music therapy has an obvious effect on relieving anxiety levels,while it is also more effective in alleviating pain and improving physiological responses than standard care alone.Our findings may provide accurate evidence-based guidance for the clinical implementation of music therapy.In the future,more high-quality studies are required for verifying these results.
基金supported by the National Project of Science and Technology for the 11th Five-Year Plan (Grant No. 2006BAD03A1702-02).
文摘The physiological responses of 2-year-old seedlings of Nuttall＇s oak （Quercus nuttallii） and Southern red oak （Q.falcata） with two treatments i.e., deep-drowning and shallow-drowning, were studied. Taxodium distichum was selected as a control. The survival rates of seedlings were calculated, the photosynthetic indices were detected by Licor-6400 photosynthetic system instrument, and the root activities of seedlings were tested by the method of triphenyltetrazolium chloride （TTC）. Results showed that： 1） By experiencing flooding for 76 d and recovering for 60 d after water was drained off, all seedlings survived under the shallow-drowning treatment. None of Q. falcata seedlings died in the deep-drowning treatment until the 49th day. The survival rate of Q. falcata in the deep-drowning treatment was 30%. 2） Within 61 d of waterlogging treatments, the net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （gs） and transpiration rate （Tr） showed a tendency of declining, but intercellular concentration of CO2 （Ci） increased. With the prolongation of flooding stress, the extents of variation for all indices under deep-drowning treatment were larger than those under the shallow-drowning treatment. The variation of Q. falcata in flooding stress was larger than that of Q. nuttallii. 3） The root vigor and alcohol dehydrogenase （ADH） activities were detected at the 61st day in flooding stress. Waterlogging obviously inhibited root activities. Shallow-drowning made root vigor of Q. nuttallii decreased by 11.7%, and for Q. falcata, by 51.88%. Shallow-drowning treatment had no remarkable effects on ADH activities of seedlings, but deep-drowning increased those of Q. nuttallii seedlings by 227.24%, and decreased those of Q. falcata seedlings by 59.22% in the meantime. We conclude that Q. nuttallii had a stronger waterlogging resistance than Q. falcata, but weaker than T. distichum.
基金supported by the Research Initiation Fund of Hunan Agricultural University(20154/5407419002)the Open Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice,Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center(2020KF05)+1 种基金the Hunan Science and Technology Major Project(2018NK1010)the Hunan Science and Technology Talents Support Project(2019TJ-Q08)。
文摘Crop yield loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide.Salt stress drastically affects the growth,development,and grain productivity of rice(Oryza sativa L.),and the improvement of rice tolerance to salt stress is a desirable approach for meeting increasing food demand.The main contributors to salt toxicity at a global scale are Na^(+)and Cl^(-)ions,which affect up to 50%of irrigated soils.Plant responses to salt stress occur at the organismic,cellular,and molecular levels and are pleiotropic,involving(1)maintenance of ionic homeostasis,(2)osmotic adjustment,(3)ROS scavenging,and(4)nutritional balance.In this review,we discuss recent research progress on these four aspects of plant physiological response,with particular attention to hormonal and gene expression regulation and salt tolerance signaling pathways in rice.The information summarized here will be useful for accelerating the breeding of salt-tolerant rice.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270752, 30972422)the National Key Technology R&D Program (2011BAC07B02-06)the Foundation for Excellent Youth Scholars of CAREERI, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y451081001, Y451111001)
文摘Agriophyllum squarrosum is an annual desert plant widely distributed on mobile and semi-mobile dunes in all the sandy deserts of China. We studied the growth and physiological properties of A. squarrosum seedlings under different sand burial depths in 2010 and 2011 at Horqin Sandy Land, Inner Mongolia to understand the ability and mechanism that A. squarrosum withstands sand burial. The results showed that A. squarrosum had a strong ability to withstand sand burial. Its survival rate, plant height and biomass increased significantly at a burial depth 25% of seedling height and decreased significantly only when the burial depth exceeded the height of the seedlings; some plants still survived even if the burial depth reached 266% of a seedling height. The malondialdehyde （MDA） content and membrane permeability of the plant did not change significantly as long as the burial depth was not greater than the seedling height; lipid peroxidation increased and cell membranes were damaged if the burial depth was increased further. When subjected to sand burial stress, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） activities and free proline content increased in the seedlings, while the catalase （CAT） activity and soluble sugar content decreased. Sand burial did not lead to water stress. Reductions in photosynthetic area and cell membrane damage caused by sand burial may be the major mechanisms increasing mortality and inhibiting growth of the seedling. But the increases in SOD and POD activities and proline content must play a certain role in reducing sand burial damage.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700639)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC0507102,2016YFC0500905).
文摘Drought is one of the most significant natural disasters in the arid and semi-arid areas of China.Populations or plant organs often differ in their responses to drought and other adversities at different growth stages.At present,little is known about the size-and leaf age-dependent differences in the mechanisms of shrub-related drought resistance in the deserts of China.Here,we evaluated the photosynthetic and physiological responses of Artemisia ordosica Krasch.to drought stress using a field experiment in Mu Us Sandy Land,Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China in 2018.Rainfall was manipulated by installing outdoor shelters,with four rainfall treatments applied to 12 plots(5 m×5 m).There were four rainfall levels,including a control and rainfall reductions of 30%,50%and 70%,each with three replications.Taking individual crown size as the dividing basis,we measured the responses of A.ordosica photosynthetic and physiological responses to drought at different growth stages,i.e.,large-sized(>0.5 m^(2))and small-sized(≤0.5 m^(2))plants.The leaves of A.ordosica were divided into old leaves and young leaves for separate measurement.Results showed that:(1)under drought stress,the transfer efficiency of light energy captured by antenna pigments to the photosystem II(PSII)reaction center decreased,and the heat dissipation capacity increased simultaneously.To resist the photosynthetic system damage caused by drought,A.ordosica enhanced its free radical scavenging capacity by activating its antioxidant enzyme system;and(2)growth stage and leaf age had effects on the reaction of the photosynthetic system to drought.Small A.ordosica plants could not withstand severe drought stress(70%rainfall reduction),whereas large A.ordosica individuals could absorb deep soil water to ensure their survival in severe drought stressed condition.Under 30%and 50%rainfall reduction conditions,young leaves had a greater ability to resist drought than old leaves,whereas the latter were more resistant to severe drought stress.The response of A.ordosica photosynthetic system reflected the trade-off at different growth stages and leaf ages of photosynthetic production under different degrees of drought.This study provides a more comprehensive and systematic perspective for understanding the drought resistance mechanisms of desert plants.
基金This study is supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2018YFD0901004)the Innovation Team Project of Hebei Province Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(No.HBCT2018170207)+1 种基金the Innovation Center of Hebei Agricultural Products Processing Technology(No.199676183H)the Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System(No.CARS-49).
文摘Given the increased circulation time after fishing,a series of changes take place in live clams,leading to a deterioration in quality even after death.Thus,in this study,we aimed to explore the optimal mode of transportation of clams.The container for holding clams was reformed,and a water circulation temperature control system was established.The physiological responses of clams during anhydrous and watery transportation at two temperatures(4 and 15℃)were investigated based on the aforementioned system.When comparing the transportation patterns after 3 d of transport,a higher survival rate was observed at 4℃(97%)than at 15℃(63%)in the anhydrous transportation groups and a lower survival rate was observed at 4℃(93%)than at 15℃(99%)in the watery transportation groups.In addition,the glycogen content,condition index(CI),and adenylate energy charge(A.E.C)value were higher at4℃((40.87±0.99)mg g^(-1),13.71%±0.50%and 57.45%±1.60%)than at 15℃((30.54±0.81)mg g^(-1),9.09%±0.30%and 43.12%±1.65%)in the anhydrous transportation groups.In the watery transportation groups,a lower glycogen content,CI,and A.E.C.value were observed at 4℃((33.78±0.84)mg g^(-1),9.78%±0.50%and 64.65%±1.25%)than at 15℃((41.53±0.93)mg g^(-1),12.72%±0.83%and 71.58%±1.27%).Results from this study show that anhydrous transportation(4℃)is the optimal transport condition for clams to maintain a high quality and good physiological conditions.Thus,this study will be particularly useful for establishing shellfish transportation systems.
基金Supported by the Society Development Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province in China (No.BS2002016)
文摘Heavy metal pollution has become a worldwide problem in aquaculture. We studied copper （Cu^2＋） accumulation and physiological responses of two red algae Gracilaria lemaneiformis and Gracilaria lichenoides from China under Cu^2＋ exposure of 0-500 μg/L in concentration. Compared with G. lemaneiformis, G. lichenoides was more capable in accumulating Cu^2＋, specifically, more Cu〉 on extracellular side （cell wall） than on intracellular side （cytoplasm） and in cell organelles （especially chloroplast, cell nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosome）. In addition, G. lichenoides contained more insoluble polysaccharide in cell wall, which might promote the extracellular Cu^2＋-binding as an efficient barrier against metal toxicity. Conversely, G. lemaneiformis was more vulnerable than G. lichenoides to Cu^2＋ toxin for decreases in growth, pigment （chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, phycobiliprotein, and B-carotene） content, and photosynthetic activity. Moreover, more serious oxidative damages in G. lemaneiformis than in G. lichenoides, in accumulation of reactive oxidative species and malondialdehyde, and in electrolyte leakage, because of lower antioxidant enzyme （superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase） activities. Therefore, G. lichenoides was less susceptible to Cu〉 stress than G. lemaneiformis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077367 and 21677123).
文摘Foliar uptake of airborne metal(loid)s plays a crucial role in metal(loid)accumulation in plant organs and is influ-enced by the size and emission sources of aerosols.Given the high enrichment of toxic metal(loid)s in submicron-scale particulates(PM1),this study established a PM1 exposure system to examine airborne metal(loid)accu-mulation and foliar physiological responses in Oryza sativa L.The results showed that the concentrations of Cu,Zn,As,Pb,and Cd in the leaves and grains were influenced not only by the airborne metal(loid)levels but also by the specific nature of the PM1 particles.The quantitative model for PM1-associated Pb entry into leaf tissue indicated that foliar Pb accumulation was primarily driven by particle adhesion,followed by hydrophilic pene-tration and trans-stomatal liquid film migration,accounting for 87%–89%of the total accumulation.The strong hygroscopicity and high Pb activity of PM1 emitted from waste incineration(WI)increased the Pb absorption coefficient via the hydrophilic and liquid film migration pathway.In contrast,the high hydrophobicity of PM1 from coal burning(CB)led to greater retention of Pb on leaf surfaces.Both foliar reactive oxygen metabolism and photosynthesis indices were sensitive to air pollution.Foliar metal(loid)accumulation and airborne PM1 concentration accounted for the variance in physiological responses in rice leaves.Our results also indicated that Pb was the key element in PM1 emissions from both coal burning(CB)and waste incineration(WI)responsible for significant physiological changes in rice leaves.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effects of firefighters’protective gloves on physiological responses,psychological responses,and manual performance in a cold environment through human trials.Twelve participants wearing firefighter protective equipment were exposed to a 16℃ environment,while their hands were exposed to a small chamber of 0℃ with(FPG)and without(CON)firefighting protective gloves.During the trials,physiological responses(core temperature(Tc),the mean skin temperature(Tsk),and heart rate(HR)),psychological responses(thermal sensation vote(TSV)and pain sensation vote(PSV)),and manual performance(handgrip strength,manual dexterity,maximum finger flexion,and tactile sensitivity)were obtained.The results indicated a significant difference(p<0.05)between FPG and CON regarding Tsk.Furthermore,pain sensation occurred when the mean skin temperature of the hand was between 15℃ and 20℃.Gloves significantly(p<0.05)reduced handgrip strength,manual dexterity,and tactile sensitivity in the cold exposure.This study provides fundamental knowledge for cold strain assessment and high-performance protective glove development with the potential to improve firefighters’safety and health.
基金supported by the Yunnan Science and Technology Talents and Platform Program(202405AM340004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)Joint Fund Project(U2002210).
文摘Soil cadmium(Cd)and lead(Pb)pollution is becoming increasingly serious;heavy metals are accumulating in soil and agricultural products,and vegetables,as an indispensable part of people’s daily diet,affect human health through the food chain.This study investigated the effects of different concentrations of Cd and Pb stress on growth root length,above-ground/below-ground biomass,chlorophyll,osmoregulatory substances(soluble proteins,soluble sugars,proline)content,and antioxidant enzymes(malondialdehyde(MDA),peroxidase(POD),superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT))activities of four Cd and Pb highand low-accumulating varieties of Chinese cabbage in hydroponic mode.The results showed that under Cd and Pb stress,Chinese cabbage could resist heavy metal stress by increasing the contents of osmoregulatory substances and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in the leaves.However,with the increase of heavy metal concentration,the physiological metabolic activities of Chinese cabbage leaf cells were affected,and the activities of POD,CAT,SOD,and osmoregulators decreased,while the osmoregulators of low Cd and Pb accumulating varieties were more stable,and the activities of POD,CAT,and SOD reached the peak value first compared with those of the high accumulating varieties.This study analyzed the physiological functions of different accumulating types of Chinese cabbage under Cd and Pb stress,in order to provide a theoretical basis for cultivating low Cd and Pb accumulating varieties.
基金supported by an International Cooperation Key Plan of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2022KWZ-12)an Agricultural Science Innovation and Transformation Project of Shaanxi Province[Grant No.NYKJ-2022-YL(XN)12]a High-End Foreign Expert Recruitment Program(Grant No.G2022172006L).
文摘Wind disturbance has emerged as a potential eco-friendly method for seedling cultivation.In this study,an electromechanical device was designed and built to investigate the effects of airflow on the micro-environment and physiological activities of tomato seedlings in seedbeds by controlled experiments.The results indicated that airflow could enhance CO_(2) concentration near the seedling canopy,accelerate water evaporation from the seedling substrate,and reduce fluctuations in the temperature and humidity in microclimate.The photosynthetic rates of leaves at the 4th,7th,and 10th positions in seedlings subjected to airflow increased by 25.04%,8.23%,and 8.47%,respectively,whereas the transpiration rates increased by 15.59%,22.28%,and 13.26%,respectively when compared to the control group.Additionally,the strong seedling index of seedlings treated with airflow and exogenous iron element increased by 26.02%and 31.5%,respectively.Compared to seedlings treated with exogenous iron element,the geometric mean diameter of the pith tissue cells in the stems of seedlings subjected to airflow disturbance was reduced by approximately 18.66%,while the elastic modulus and bending strength of the stems increased by 10.01%and 5.89%,respectively.Similarly,the volume of root tissue cells decreased by 19.22%,but the elastic modulus of the roots increased by 6.46%.This study confirms that airflow significantly enhances seedling resilience to abiotic stress,yielding similar or better outcomes than exogenous iron application.It provides both theoretical and practical support for using airflow disturbance as a green technology for cultivating robust seedlings.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30900071)Start-up Foundation for Doctor Scientific Research in Shandong University of Technology(4041-406027)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to explore the physiological and biochemical responses of Chinese cabbage to La and Zn. [Method] The effects of La and Zn on seed germination and seedling growth were explored by tissue culture method. [Result] La and Zn had little effects on seed germination rate, but significantly inhibited the growth of root and seedling, decreased their fresh weight at higher concentration; the inhibition of La proved higher on Chinese cabbage. The contents of chlorophyll and soluble protein increased at lower concentrations of La and Zn, but decreased at higher concentrations. With increasing doses of La and Zn, the activities of CAT and POD rose gradually, while SOD activity decreased at lower doses and increased at higher doses. Both of La and Zn would promote Of. producing and MDA accumulation. [Conclusion] In higher concentration, La was more poisonous than Zn. It is clear that the poisonous mechanism of La is similar to that of Zn. Hence, La is possibly a kind of new pollutant.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFD1000704/2018YFD1000700,2022YFD1201704/2022YFD1201700)the Central Guidance on Local Science and Technology Development Fund of Shandong Province(YDZX2021008)the Agricultural Fine Seed Project of Shandong Province(2021LZGC006)。
文摘Foxtail millet(Setaria italica L.),a member of the Paniceae family,is a temperate and tropical grass species that is widely cultivated on the Eurasian continent.It is Chinese in origin and possesses a small genome,short growth cycle,and strong natural abiotic stress resistance.Elucidating the mechanism of millet tolerance to salt stress is becoming increasingly important with increasing soil salinization limiting crop productivity.The responses and mechanisms of tolerance to salt stress from other model plants such as Arabidopsis and rice,were compared with those from foxtail millet to summarize current research on responses to salt stress.Numerous processes are involved in these processes,including physiological reactions,sensing,signaling,and control at the transcriptional,post-transcriptional,and epigenetic levels.To increase crop productivity and agricultural sustainability,a variety of technologies can be used to investigate how salt tolerance is mediated by physiological and molecular processes in foxtail millet.
基金funded by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (30671347)
文摘Many fungal phytopathogens can secrete oxalic acid （OA）, which is the crucial pathogenic determinant and plays important roles in pathogenicity and virulence of pathogen during infection process. However, how plants respond to OA stress still needs further characterization. In this study, we observed the physiological and molecular responses of Arabidopsis thaliana to OA stress. The leaves of 6-wk-old A. thaliana were sprayed with OA and distilled water respectively, and 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h later, the leaves were collected and the contents of MDA, H2O2, and GSH, and the activities of CAT, SOD, and POD were determined and the expressions of PR1 and PDF1.2 were also studied. Under the stress of 30 mmol L-1 OA, SOD activity was first enhanced to reduce the accumulation of O2.-. But immediately, POD, CAT, and GSH all decreased extremely resulting in the accumulation of H2O2, and the MDA content increased 24 h later. GSH activity was enhanced significantly at 24 h after OA used. However, H2O2 wasn＇t eliminated at the same time, suggesting that the activity inhibitions of POD and CAT might be the reasons that caused Arabidopsis cells＇ impairment under OA stress. RT-PCR results indicated that PDF1.2, a marker gene of the JA/ET signaling was significantly induced; PR1, an indicator gene in SA signaling, was slighlty induced from 8 to 12 h after OA stress. In conclusion, Arabidopsis may recruit metabolism of reactive oxygen, both JA/ET and SA signaling pathways to respond to OA stress. These results will facilitate our further understanding the mechanisms of plant response to OA and OA-dependent fungal infection.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31670698)the Project Funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2020M671509)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(No.KYCX23_1255).
文摘Background Eutrophication and acid rain are two threats that many water bodies must contend with.Eutrophication and climate change have accelerated widespread outbreaks of cyanobacterial blooms as both have become more severe.Pontederia cordata,a garden ornamental plant,can inhibit some algae growth and remove total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)from the water.In this study,we investigated how simulated acid rain and eutrophication co-pollution affected P.cordata’s growth physiology and ability to inhibit algae growth.Results Under mild eutrophication(2 mg·L^(−1)TN,0.4 mg·L^(−1)TP,and 15 mg·L^(−1)CODMn)or weak acid rain(pH=5.0),P.cordata alleviated the degree of cell membrane lipid peroxidation by stabilizing superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)activities in the leaves,allowing for normal plant growth.Under mild eutrophication and acid rain conditions,cultured P.cordata water samples maintained strong algae inhibition by reducing the Chl a content and SOD activity of Microcystis aeruginosa cells.Compound stress where acid rain was the primary inhibitory factor along with moderate or severe eutrophication inhibited P.cordata growth,which probably reduced the input of algae-inhibiting allelochemicals,thus reducing its ability to inhibit algae.Conclusions In summary,P.cordata has application potential in mild eutrophic water and acid rain(pH≥4).These findings provide guidance for further research on phytoremediation and algae control in scenarios of compound pollution.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30540056)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No.303461,504135).
文摘Different plants have physiological responses under Al stress,but there is no systematic study to examine physiological responses of herbaceous plants under Al stress.The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Al on physiological characteristics of four herbaceous plants,which distributed in red soil area in South China,and to analyze the differences in physiological responses to Al stress between the four herbaceous plants.Four herbaceous plants(Pharbitis nil,Cassia occidentlis,Echinochloa colonum and Aeschynomene indica)were used,and the seed germi-nation percentage,the contents of chlorophyll,proline,and malondialdehyde(MDA),membrane permeability(MP),soluble sugar,and activities of peroxides(POD)and cata-lase(CAT)in leaves under five Al^(3+)treatments(0,80,400,2000,and 10000 mg/L)were assayed with the sand culture method.The results showed remarkable effects of Al^(3+)on physiological characteristics of these four herbaceous plants.The seeds of all the four species could not germinate at 10000 mg/L,and the growth of all plants were retarded under the 2000 mg/L Al^(3+)treatment.Compared with the control,2000 mg/L Al^(3+)significantly(P<0.05)reduced the con-tents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll a+b,and increased the contents of MDA and MP.The content of proline in-creased very significantly(P<0.01)and activities of POD and CAT were depressed.The contents of MDA and MP in leaves of P.nil and A.indica decreased,and the activities of POD and CAT in leaves of the two plants increased under 80 mg/L and 400 mg/L.However,the changes in C.occidentlis leaves were opposite to those of the above two plants.The changes in leaves of E.colonum were similar to those of P.nil and A.indica at 80 mg/L,but were opposite to those at 400 mg/L Al^(3+).It is suggested that plants with higher ac-tivities of POD and CAT,more contents of chlorophyll and proline,and lower contents of MDA and MP consequently improve the tolerance to Al stress under low and middle Al treatments.
文摘Ethylene is one of the most important plant hormones that regulate physiological responses, maturity and senescence of postharvest fruits and vegetables. The determination of its role in the wound-healing response of fruits and vegetables is helpful in understanding the wound responses. 2,5-Norbornadiene （NBD）, inhibitor ethylene binding were used to determine the effect of ethylene action on wound-induced response of fresh-cut winter squash, a kind of vegetables known to produce ethylene markedly after cutting. The effect of NBD on the physiological and biochemical changes of fresh-cut winter squash was investigated in this experiment. The results showed that NBD had great effects on physio-biochemical metabolism of fresh-cut winter squash. Ethylene production was inhibited significantly by NBD. NBD also had an inhibition effect on polyphenol oxidase （PPO）, peroxidase （POD） and phenylalanine ammonia lyase （PAL） activity. The effect of NBD on lipoxygenase （LOX） activity and superoxide dismutase （SOD） was not obvious. NBD treated sample showed a more rapid increase in catalase （CAT） activity, which may help in healing the damage of the tissue. These information are important in understanding the fundamental biology of wound response and in the development of new technology to hasten wound-healing and, thereby, to minimize costly wound-related problems in fresh-cut industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundational of China(Key Program),No.U24A20692(to CJZ)the National Natural Science Foundational of China,Nos.82101414(to MLJ),82371355(to CJZ)+4 种基金the National Natural Science Foundational of China for Excellent Young Scholars,No.82022019(to CJZ)Sichuan Special Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars,No.24NSFJQ0052(to CJZ)The Innovation and Entrepreneurial Team of Sichuan Tianfu Emei Program,No.CZ2024018(to CJZ)Funding for Distinguished Young Scholars of Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital,No.30420230005(to CJZ)Funding for Distinguished Young Scholars of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China,No.A1098531023601381(to CJZ)。
文摘The interleukin-17 family is the key group of cytokines and displays a broad spectrum of biological functions,including regulating the inflammatory cascade in various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder,myasthenia gravis,Guillain–Barre syndrome,acute disseminated encephalomyelitis,diabetes,inflammatory skin diseases,joint inflammation,and cancer.Although the function of the interleukin-17 family has attracted increasing research attention over many years,the expression,function,and regulation mechanisms of different interleukin-17 members are complicated and still only partially understood.Currently,the interleukin-17A pathway is considered a critical therapeutic target for numerous immune and chronic inflammatory diseases,with several monoclonal antibodies against interleukin-17A having been successfully used in clinical practice.Whether other interleukin-17 members have the potential to be targeted in other diseases is still debated.This review first summarizes the recent advancements in understanding the physicochemical properties,physiological functions,cellular origins,and downstream signaling pathways of different members and corresponding receptors of the interleukin-17 family.Subsequently,the function of interleukin-17 in various immune diseases is discussed,and the important role of interleukin-17 in the pathological process of immune diseases is demonstrated from multiple perspectives.Then,the current status of targeted interleukin-17 therapy is summarized,and the effectiveness and safety of targeted interleukin-17 therapy are analyzed.Finally,the clinical application prospects of targeting the interleukin-17 pathway are discussed.
