The effects of seawater temperature on the physiological performance of three Halimeda species were studied for a period of 28 d.Five treatments were established for Halimeda cylindracea,Halimeda opuntia and Halimeda ...The effects of seawater temperature on the physiological performance of three Halimeda species were studied for a period of 28 d.Five treatments were established for Halimeda cylindracea,Halimeda opuntia and Halimeda lacunalis,in triplicate aquaria representing a factorial temperature with 24°C,28°C,32°C,34°C and 36°C,respectively.The average Fv/Fm of these species ranged from 0.732 to 0.756 between 24°C and 32°C but declined sharply between 34°C(0.457±0.035)and 36°C(0.122±0.014).Calcification was highest at 28°C,with net calcification rates(Gnet)of(20.082±2.482)mg/(g·d),(12.825±1.623)mg/(g·d)and(6.411±1.029)mg/(g·d)for H.cylindracea,H.opuntia and H.lacunalis,respectively.Between 24°C and 32°C,the specific growth rate(SGR)of H.lacunalis(0.079%–0.110%d–1)was lower than that of H.cylindracea(0.652%–1.644%d–1)and H.opuntia(0.360%–1.527%d–1).Three Halimeda species gradually bleached at 36°C during the study period.Malondialdehyde(MDA)and proline levels in tissues of the three Halimeda were higher in 34–36°C than those in 24–32°C.The results indicate that seawater temperature with range of 24–32°C could benefit the growth and calcification of these Halimeda species,however,extreme temperatures above 34°C have negative impacts.The measured physiological parameters also revealed that H.cylindracea and H.opuntia displayed broader temperature tolerance than H.lacunalis.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to evaluate the health of transgenic sFat-1 gene pigs in order to provide a reference for the breeding selection of pig excellent individuals. [Method] 15 physiological biochemical parameters a...[Objective] The aim was to evaluate the health of transgenic sFat-1 gene pigs in order to provide a reference for the breeding selection of pig excellent individuals. [Method] 15 physiological biochemical parameters and reproductive performances of 21 negative control pigs and 20 transgenic sFat-1 gene pigs were determined. [Result] The liver functions of some transgenic sFat-1 gene pigs were hurted lightly,and the reproductive performance also decreased lightly. [Conclusion] The determination of physiological biochemical parameters and reproductive performance in transgenic pigs could be taken as one of effective methods in environmental safety evaluation of transgenic pigs.展开更多
Stocking density is widely recognized as a critical factor in aquaculture and a potential source of long-term stress.The influence of stocking density on growth and stress response of juvenile turbot（Scophthalmus max...Stocking density is widely recognized as a critical factor in aquaculture and a potential source of long-term stress.The influence of stocking density on growth and stress response of juvenile turbot（Scophthalmus maximus, ~3–75g, initial to final weight） was examined in fish held under low（LD, ~0.21–5.31 kg/m^2, initial to final density）,medium（MD, ~0.42–10.81 kg/m^2） and high stocking density（HD, ~0.63–14.27 kg/m^2） for 120 days in a recirculating aquaculture system（RAS）. In this trial, the growth curve for weight of juvenile turbot in RAS, all fitted by the Schnute model. No significant difference was found in growth performance among the three densities until at the final sampling（Day 120）. The final weight and body weight increase（BWI） in the HD group were significantly lower than in other groups（P〈0.05, weight：（75.83±2.49） g,（75.39±2.08） g,（65.72±2.86） g and BWI：（2 436.12±28.10）%,（2 421.29±4.64）%,（2 097.88±20.99）% in LD, MD and HD groups, respectively）. Similarly, the specific growth rate（SGR）, feed conversion ratio（FCR） and coefficient of variation for weight（CV_w） were adversely affected by high stocking density（P〈0.05）. However, there was no difference in survival and Fulton＇s condition factor（K） of turbot among the different groups. Physiological analyses demonstrated a clear increase in the plasma cortisol level and an obvious decrease in growth hormone（GH） concentration in the HD group on Day120（P〈0.05）. There was no significant effect of stocking density on plasma glucose, Cl– and protein levels. All these findings would provide a reference for selecting the optimal stocking density of juvenile turbot in RAS.展开更多
Advances in medical devices have revolutionized the treatment of human diseases,such as stents in occluded coronary artery,left ventricular assist devices in heart failure,pacemakers in arrhythmias,etc.Despite their s...Advances in medical devices have revolutionized the treatment of human diseases,such as stents in occluded coronary artery,left ventricular assist devices in heart failure,pacemakers in arrhythmias,etc.Despite their significance,the development of devices for reducing and avoiding the thrombosis formation,obtaining excellent mechanical performance,and achieving stable electronic physiology remains challenging and unresolved.Fortunately,nature serves as a good resource of inspirations,and brings us endless bioinspired physicochemical ideas to better the development of novel artificial materials and devices that enable us to potentially overcome the unresolved obstacles.Bioinspired approaches,in particularly,owe much of their current development in biology,chemistry,materials science,medicine and engineering to the design and fabrication of advanced devices.The application of bioinspired devices is a burgeoning area in these fields of research.In this perspective,we would take the cardiovascular device as one example to show how these bioinspired approaches could be used to build novel,advanced biomedical devices with precisely controlled functions.Here,bioinspired approaches are utilized to solve issues like thrombogenic,mechanical and electronic physiology problems in medical devices.Moreover,there is an outlook for future challenges in the development of bioinspired medical devices.展开更多
Cairo is characterized by high temperature compared to its surrounding areas,especially during the summer time.This effect is strengthened by the widespread use of sealed surfaces and the lack of vegetation.Therefore,...Cairo is characterized by high temperature compared to its surrounding areas,especially during the summer time.This effect is strengthened by the widespread use of sealed surfaces and the lack of vegetation.Therefore,the consumption of electricity in indoor spaces for cooling purposes is a critical problem especially in the summer time.The use of air conditioners has increased during the last 10 years enormously.Because of this,electricity bills increased in a huge way,which represents a burden on the citizens.Therefore,this study aims to find unconventional solutions for the reduction of energy through mitigating urban heat island(UHI)and enhancing thermal performance in Cairo.This paper studies various area cover factions of trees in an urban environment,which can be used to mitigate UHI,improve thermal performance in outdoor spaces and reduce energy consumption in high dense built up areas in Cairo.A small area of 250 m×250 m from downtown Cairo was simulated as a case study using ENVImet V.4.3.2.The comparison between reference scenario and suggested scenarios,which are 30%trees,50%trees and 30%trees+70%grass,were conducted on a summer day in Cairo.The outputs were used to estimate the amount of energy in every scenario using DesignBuilder model.The results show that the scenario with 50%trees led to the best human thermal comfort(3 K cooler).Although for the demand of energy in the buildings,the street orientation as well as the aspect ratio(H/W)play an important role and should be considered.展开更多
Background Disturbance is a key driver of changes in terrestrial ecosystems,especially in water limited regions.In the desert ecosystem of Northwest China,shrubs are often foraged by camels and this causes the shrubs ...Background Disturbance is a key driver of changes in terrestrial ecosystems,especially in water limited regions.In the desert ecosystem of Northwest China,shrubs are often foraged by camels and this causes the shrubs lost their aboveground tissues.Although the aboveground tissue could recover after the disturbance,the mechanisms of resprouts'recovery after the disturbance are still poorly understood.We investigated the morphological and physiological characteristics and root water uptake sources of resprouts and non-disturbed seedlings of four desert shrub species that were often foraged by camels.Results The results showed that the resprouts grew rapidly after the removal of aboveground tissue.The height and aboveground biomass of resprouts reached the level of 5-year-old seedlings following a growing season.Compared to un-disturbed seedlings,higher leaf water potential,leaf hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis rate were observed in resprouts,indicating that resprouts grew rapidly after disturbance.Furthermore,we found that the root water uptake source did not change after disturbance.This indicated that the roots of resprouts kept intact water uptake capacity after disturbance,which could keep supplying sufficient water to the aboveground tissue.Due to the removal of aboveground tissue of the resprouts,the water demand of aboveground tissue decreased,which induced an imbalance of water supply from roots to demand of aboveground tissues of resprouts.This explained the improved physiological performance and rapid recovery of resprouts after disturbance.Conclusions The imbalance of water supply to demand contributes to the rapid recovery of desert shrubs after disturbance.The findings provide insight into the eco-physiological mechanism for the maintenance of desert ecosystems that are facing disturbance.展开更多
基金The Guangzhou Science and Technology Project under contract No.201707010174the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy Sciences under contract No.XDA13020203the Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Project under contract No.201305018-3
文摘The effects of seawater temperature on the physiological performance of three Halimeda species were studied for a period of 28 d.Five treatments were established for Halimeda cylindracea,Halimeda opuntia and Halimeda lacunalis,in triplicate aquaria representing a factorial temperature with 24°C,28°C,32°C,34°C and 36°C,respectively.The average Fv/Fm of these species ranged from 0.732 to 0.756 between 24°C and 32°C but declined sharply between 34°C(0.457±0.035)and 36°C(0.122±0.014).Calcification was highest at 28°C,with net calcification rates(Gnet)of(20.082±2.482)mg/(g·d),(12.825±1.623)mg/(g·d)and(6.411±1.029)mg/(g·d)for H.cylindracea,H.opuntia and H.lacunalis,respectively.Between 24°C and 32°C,the specific growth rate(SGR)of H.lacunalis(0.079%–0.110%d–1)was lower than that of H.cylindracea(0.652%–1.644%d–1)and H.opuntia(0.360%–1.527%d–1).Three Halimeda species gradually bleached at 36°C during the study period.Malondialdehyde(MDA)and proline levels in tissues of the three Halimeda were higher in 34–36°C than those in 24–32°C.The results indicate that seawater temperature with range of 24–32°C could benefit the growth and calcification of these Halimeda species,however,extreme temperatures above 34°C have negative impacts.The measured physiological parameters also revealed that H.cylindracea and H.opuntia displayed broader temperature tolerance than H.lacunalis.
基金Supported by National GMO Cultivation of New Varieties of Major Projects Subproject Environmental Safety Assessment of Genetically Modified Pigs Technology (2008ZX08011-004)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to evaluate the health of transgenic sFat-1 gene pigs in order to provide a reference for the breeding selection of pig excellent individuals. [Method] 15 physiological biochemical parameters and reproductive performances of 21 negative control pigs and 20 transgenic sFat-1 gene pigs were determined. [Result] The liver functions of some transgenic sFat-1 gene pigs were hurted lightly,and the reproductive performance also decreased lightly. [Conclusion] The determination of physiological biochemical parameters and reproductive performance in transgenic pigs could be taken as one of effective methods in environmental safety evaluation of transgenic pigs.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 31402315 and 31240012the Modern Agriculture Industry System Construction of Special Funds under contract No.CARS-50-G10+1 种基金the Key R&D Program of Jiangsu Province under contract No.BE2015328a foundation from the Key Laboratory of Mariculture&Stock Enhancement in North China’s Sea,Ministry of Agriculture,China
文摘Stocking density is widely recognized as a critical factor in aquaculture and a potential source of long-term stress.The influence of stocking density on growth and stress response of juvenile turbot（Scophthalmus maximus, ~3–75g, initial to final weight） was examined in fish held under low（LD, ~0.21–5.31 kg/m^2, initial to final density）,medium（MD, ~0.42–10.81 kg/m^2） and high stocking density（HD, ~0.63–14.27 kg/m^2） for 120 days in a recirculating aquaculture system（RAS）. In this trial, the growth curve for weight of juvenile turbot in RAS, all fitted by the Schnute model. No significant difference was found in growth performance among the three densities until at the final sampling（Day 120）. The final weight and body weight increase（BWI） in the HD group were significantly lower than in other groups（P〈0.05, weight：（75.83±2.49） g,（75.39±2.08） g,（65.72±2.86） g and BWI：（2 436.12±28.10）%,（2 421.29±4.64）%,（2 097.88±20.99）% in LD, MD and HD groups, respectively）. Similarly, the specific growth rate（SGR）, feed conversion ratio（FCR） and coefficient of variation for weight（CV_w） were adversely affected by high stocking density（P〈0.05）. However, there was no difference in survival and Fulton＇s condition factor（K） of turbot among the different groups. Physiological analyses demonstrated a clear increase in the plasma cortisol level and an obvious decrease in growth hormone（GH） concentration in the HD group on Day120（P〈0.05）. There was no significant effect of stocking density on plasma glucose, Cl– and protein levels. All these findings would provide a reference for selecting the optimal stocking density of juvenile turbot in RAS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21673197,31570947)Young Overseas High-level Talents Introduction Plan,the 111 Project(No.B16029)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(No.20720170050)
文摘Advances in medical devices have revolutionized the treatment of human diseases,such as stents in occluded coronary artery,left ventricular assist devices in heart failure,pacemakers in arrhythmias,etc.Despite their significance,the development of devices for reducing and avoiding the thrombosis formation,obtaining excellent mechanical performance,and achieving stable electronic physiology remains challenging and unresolved.Fortunately,nature serves as a good resource of inspirations,and brings us endless bioinspired physicochemical ideas to better the development of novel artificial materials and devices that enable us to potentially overcome the unresolved obstacles.Bioinspired approaches,in particularly,owe much of their current development in biology,chemistry,materials science,medicine and engineering to the design and fabrication of advanced devices.The application of bioinspired devices is a burgeoning area in these fields of research.In this perspective,we would take the cardiovascular device as one example to show how these bioinspired approaches could be used to build novel,advanced biomedical devices with precisely controlled functions.Here,bioinspired approaches are utilized to solve issues like thrombogenic,mechanical and electronic physiology problems in medical devices.Moreover,there is an outlook for future challenges in the development of bioinspired medical devices.
文摘Cairo is characterized by high temperature compared to its surrounding areas,especially during the summer time.This effect is strengthened by the widespread use of sealed surfaces and the lack of vegetation.Therefore,the consumption of electricity in indoor spaces for cooling purposes is a critical problem especially in the summer time.The use of air conditioners has increased during the last 10 years enormously.Because of this,electricity bills increased in a huge way,which represents a burden on the citizens.Therefore,this study aims to find unconventional solutions for the reduction of energy through mitigating urban heat island(UHI)and enhancing thermal performance in Cairo.This paper studies various area cover factions of trees in an urban environment,which can be used to mitigate UHI,improve thermal performance in outdoor spaces and reduce energy consumption in high dense built up areas in Cairo.A small area of 250 m×250 m from downtown Cairo was simulated as a case study using ENVImet V.4.3.2.The comparison between reference scenario and suggested scenarios,which are 30%trees,50%trees and 30%trees+70%grass,were conducted on a summer day in Cairo.The outputs were used to estimate the amount of energy in every scenario using DesignBuilder model.The results show that the scenario with 50%trees led to the best human thermal comfort(3 K cooler).Although for the demand of energy in the buildings,the street orientation as well as the aspect ratio(H/W)play an important role and should be considered.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32171876,42230720)the Gansu Province Science and Technology Program(23JRRA627)
文摘Background Disturbance is a key driver of changes in terrestrial ecosystems,especially in water limited regions.In the desert ecosystem of Northwest China,shrubs are often foraged by camels and this causes the shrubs lost their aboveground tissues.Although the aboveground tissue could recover after the disturbance,the mechanisms of resprouts'recovery after the disturbance are still poorly understood.We investigated the morphological and physiological characteristics and root water uptake sources of resprouts and non-disturbed seedlings of four desert shrub species that were often foraged by camels.Results The results showed that the resprouts grew rapidly after the removal of aboveground tissue.The height and aboveground biomass of resprouts reached the level of 5-year-old seedlings following a growing season.Compared to un-disturbed seedlings,higher leaf water potential,leaf hydraulic conductance and photosynthesis rate were observed in resprouts,indicating that resprouts grew rapidly after disturbance.Furthermore,we found that the root water uptake source did not change after disturbance.This indicated that the roots of resprouts kept intact water uptake capacity after disturbance,which could keep supplying sufficient water to the aboveground tissue.Due to the removal of aboveground tissue of the resprouts,the water demand of aboveground tissue decreased,which induced an imbalance of water supply from roots to demand of aboveground tissues of resprouts.This explained the improved physiological performance and rapid recovery of resprouts after disturbance.Conclusions The imbalance of water supply to demand contributes to the rapid recovery of desert shrubs after disturbance.The findings provide insight into the eco-physiological mechanism for the maintenance of desert ecosystems that are facing disturbance.
