In order to explore the method of returning corn stalk into field, the effects of returning corn stalk direcfly into soil and applying corn stalk-composted orgar^c fertilizer into soil on the physiochemical properties...In order to explore the method of returning corn stalk into field, the effects of returning corn stalk direcfly into soil and applying corn stalk-composted orgar^c fertilizer into soil on the physiochemical properties of tobacco-growing soil were studied. The results showed that returning corn stalk into soil could reduce soil bulk density and increase soil porosity, so as to improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of tobacco-growing soil. At the same time, returning corn stalk into soil could also increase the organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassi- um contents in tobacco-growing soil. In the early field growth stage of tobacco, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content decreased slightly; but in the middle and later field growth stage, the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in tobacco-growing soil increased. The treatment effect of corn stalk＋urea＋fermentation bacteria and corn stalk＋urea＋BM was better than that of the control （returning corn stalk directly into soil）, indicating that the corn stalk-composted organic fertilizer had certain popular- ization value.展开更多
Active sites of Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst are poisoned during operation in the FCC reactor due to causes including feedstock contaminant metals deposition. This leads to activity, selectivity and increas...Active sites of Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst are poisoned during operation in the FCC reactor due to causes including feedstock contaminant metals deposition. This leads to activity, selectivity and increasing coking problems, thereby raising concern to the refiner. This work investigated effect of nickel coexisting with vanadium in the FCC feedstock on the standard FCC catalyst during cracking process, in which destruction of active sites occurs as a result of the metals deposition. Laboratory simulated equilibrium catalysts (E-cats) were studied by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, N-2 adsorption, solid state MAS-NMR, SEM and H-2-TPR. Results revealed that vanadium, above a certain concentration in the catalyst, under hydrothermal conditions, is highly detrimental to the catalyst's structure and activity. Conversely, nickel hardly affects the catalyst structure, but its co-presence in the catalyst reduces destructive effects of vanadium. The mechanism of nickel inhibition of vanadium poisoning of the catalyst is discussed. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.展开更多
Biological invasions can alter soil properties within the range of their introduced,leading to impacts on ecosystem services,ecosystem functions,and biodiversity.To better understand the impacts of biological invasion...Biological invasions can alter soil properties within the range of their introduced,leading to impacts on ecosystem services,ecosystem functions,and biodiversity.To better understand the impacts of biological invasions on soil,we compared topsoil physiochemical properties at sites with invasive alien tree species(Prosopis juliflora),native tree species(Prosopis cineraria,Acacia tortilis,and Acacia ehrenbergiana),and mixed tree species in Hormozgan Province of Iran in May 2018.In this study,we collected 40 soil samples at a depth of 10 cm under single tree species,including P.juliflora,P.cineraria,A.tortilis,and A.ehrenbergiana,as well as under mixed tree species.The results showed that organic matter,moisture,potassium,calcium,nitrogen,and magnesium in topsoil at sites with A.tortilis and A.ehrenbergiana growing in combination with P.cineraria were higher than that at sites where P.juliflora was present(P<0.05).Sodium at sites with A.tortilis and A.ehrenbergiana growing in combination with P.cineraria and P.juliflora was lower as compared to that at sites with just A.tortilis and A.ehrenbergiana.Electrical conductivity was lower at sites with A.tortilis and A.ehrenbergiana growing in combination with P.cineraria,and it was higher at sites with mixed Acacia and P.juliflora trees.Based on the generally more positive effect of native Acacia and P.cineraria on topsoil physiochemical properties as compared to the P.julifora,afforestation with native tree species is preferable for soil restoration.In addition,due to the negative effects of P.julifora on soil properties,P.julifora spread should be better managed.展开更多
The effect of cement on physiochemical properties of three types of soils i.e garden soil, agricultural soil and roadside soil was investigated. The ordinary Portland cement was used. The amount of cement added to soi...The effect of cement on physiochemical properties of three types of soils i.e garden soil, agricultural soil and roadside soil was investigated. The ordinary Portland cement was used. The amount of cement added to soil samples, as dry mass percentage was 20%. The results of analysis showed that the addition of cement is capable of bringing about changes in physiochemical properties of soil. The electrical conductivity and organic matter content in three soils get decreased by the addition of cement. While the pH, bulk density and water holding capacity of soils after the addition of cement gets increased. The soil found most suitable to be treated with cement was roadside soil. It was concluded that cement can be used to change the physiochemical properties of soil and this technique has great utility in improving the quality of problematic soils.展开更多
With changes in food preferences and life styles,more and more attentions have been focused on healthier food.Nowadays,resistant starch(RS)which can resist digestion in the human intestine has been recognized and acce...With changes in food preferences and life styles,more and more attentions have been focused on healthier food.Nowadays,resistant starch(RS)which can resist digestion in the human intestine has been recognized and accepted.High RS diet shows great benefit for the human health,and breeding high RS rice variety is a great target for realizing dietary intervention.To provide guidance for RS improvement in rice,this review summarized the unique physiochemical properties of RS and the possible approaches,i.e.genetic regulation,for enhancing RS content in rice,and proposed the potential ways to obtain rice variety with high RS content.展开更多
A study was conducted to evaluate the soil nutrient status of poplar plantation by Soil Nutrient Systematic Approach (SNSA) in Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, China. Soil physiochemical properties were analyzed in lab...A study was conducted to evaluate the soil nutrient status of poplar plantation by Soil Nutrient Systematic Approach (SNSA) in Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, China. Soil physiochemical properties were analyzed in laboratory through collection soil samples of study site. Ten treatments of application different fertilizers were designed such as CK, optimum treatment (N, P, K, Zn), N(P, K, Zn), P(N, K, Zn), K(N, P, Zn), +Mg(N, P, K, Zn, Mg), Zn (N,P,K), +2P(N, 2P, K, Zn), +2K(N, P, 2K, Zn), and 2N+2P+2K(2N, 2P, 2K, Zn) for field experiment to test the effect on tree height, diameter (DBH) growth, and dry weight of poplar. The results showed that there was no significant difference in tree heights between treatments with different fertilizers, diameter growth of poplar trees in treatments of lack of N and Zn was significantly slower than that of trees in optimum treatment, and dry weight of poplar dropped significantly for treatment of CK as well as treatments without application N and Zn. It is concluded that N and Zn were main limiting factor for poplar growth. Results from laboratory analysis and field experiment were uniform per-fectly, which proved that SNSA was reliable in evaluating soil nutrient status of poplar plantation.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of different drying temperatures on the physiochemical properties and antioxidant activity of balsam pear slices. [Method] Balsam pear slices were dried at different ...[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of different drying temperatures on the physiochemical properties and antioxidant activity of balsam pear slices. [Method] Balsam pear slices were dried at different hot air temperatures, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 ℃. [Result] The polyphenols content was highest （2.83 mg/g） in the balsam pear slices dried at 50 ℃, and the flavonoids content was highest （2.584 mg/g） in those dried at 60 ℃. Different drying temperatures had a great impact on the antioxidant capacity of polyphenols in balsam pear. The balsam pear slices dried at 50 ℃ showed the strongest capacity for scavenging DPPH free radicals with IC50 of 0.015 mg/ml, and those dried at 80 ℃ showed the strongest capacity for removing ABTS free radicals with IC50 of 0.0689 mg/ml. [Conclusion] The hot air temperature of 50 ℃ had the least impact on the quality of balsam pear slices.展开更多
Biochar,one of the products of thermochemical conversion of biomass,possesses specific physiochemical properties such as conductivity,pore adsorption,surface functional groups,and cation exchange capacity.Anaerobic di...Biochar,one of the products of thermochemical conversion of biomass,possesses specific physiochemical properties such as conductivity,pore adsorption,surface functional groups,and cation exchange capacity.Anaerobic digestion(AD)as a classical bio-wastes conversion technology,suffers from inhibitions,process instability,and methanogenic inefficiency which limit its efficiency.With the advantages of pH buffering,functional microbes enrichment,inhibitors alleviating,and direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET)accelerating,biochar suggests a promising application as additives for AD.Herein,this paper reviewed the noting physicochemical properties of biochar,and discussed its roles and related mechanisms in AD.Further,this paper highlighted the advantages and drawbacks,and pointed out the corresponding challenges and prospects for future research and application of biochar amending AD.展开更多
The commercialization of peanut products is presently limited by the absence of a reliable method of degrading the allergen while yielding acceptable flavor.We examined the effect of co-fermentation of peanut milk by ...The commercialization of peanut products is presently limited by the absence of a reliable method of degrading the allergen while yielding acceptable flavor.We examined the effect of co-fermentation of peanut milk by Lactobacillus plantarum strain P1 and Lactobacillus pentosus strain Y6(FPM-LE)on its protein structure,Ara h 1’s immunoreactivity,physicochemical properties and flavor.Protein analysis showed that protein folding,and degradation occurred during the fermentation and significantly degraded peanut proteins greater than 20 kDa.The immunoreactivity of FPM-LE of Ara h 1 was most reduced by 74.65%compared to sterilized peanut milk.We found that FPM-LE had higher acidity,water holding capacity,viscosity.The flavor of FPM-LE was significantly improved compared to peanut milk fermented by L.plantarum P1 or L.pentosus Y6 alone.The characteristic flavor metabolites(CFM)of FPM-LE were 1-hexanol.Overall,FPM-LE as a product has strong potential to become a hypoallergenic,peanut milk drink with excellent taste and flavor.展开更多
Currently,cocrystallization is a promising strategy for tailoring the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients.Theophylline,an alkaloid and the most primary metabolite of caffeine,is a readily a...Currently,cocrystallization is a promising strategy for tailoring the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients.Theophylline,an alkaloid and the most primary metabolite of caffeine,is a readily available compound found in tea and coffee.It functions primarily as a bronchodilator and respiratory stimulant,making it a mainstay treatment for lung diseases like asthma.Theophylline’s additional potential benefits,including anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties,and its possible role in neurological disorders,have garnered significant research interest.Cocrystal formation presents a viable approach to improve the physicochemical properties of theophylline and potentially mitigate its toxic effects.This review comprehensively explores several successful studies that utilized cocrystallization to favorably alter the physicochemical properties of theophylline or its CCF.Notably,cocrystals can not only enhance the solubility and bioavailability of theophylline but also exhibit synergistic effects with other APIs.The review further delves into the hydrogen bonding sites within the theophylline structure and the hydrogen bonding networks observed in cocrystal structures.展开更多
This study investigated the impact assessment of oil spillage on farmlands of some communities in Ilaje Area of Ondo state. Three farmlands were considered in the course of this study. Two of the three farmlands were ...This study investigated the impact assessment of oil spillage on farmlands of some communities in Ilaje Area of Ondo state. Three farmlands were considered in the course of this study. Two of the three farmlands were within the Ikorigho and Otumara communities that recently experienced oil spillage and they are about 300 m from each other. While the third farm was within the Igbokoda community which is geographically similar but has not experienced oil spillage, it was used as control. The farmland was delineated at each area by the grid technique and soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm depth of the ground. Some physiochemical properties that reflect soil nutrient content and fertility status （pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous and cation exchange capacity （CEC）） were determined using standard methods and results from the three areas were compared. There was a significant decrease in the calcium （Ca）, magnesium （Mg）, potassium （K） and organic matter, as well as a significant increase in the electrical conductivity, moisture content and phosphorous content of the oil-spill affected farmlands at Ikorigho and Otumara when compared with the non-affected farmland at Igbokoda. The acidic nature of the farmlands could not be attributed entirely to the oil spill since the control farmland at Igbokoda was slightly acidic. The results show that oil spillage has adversely affected the nutrient level and fertility status of farmland at Ikorigho and Otumara communities, which needs urgent remediation.展开更多
Nanocrystalline SnO<sub>2</sub> and CuO doped with SnO<sub>2</sub> were prepared by the co-precipitation method and characterized for different physiochemical properties and microbiological act...Nanocrystalline SnO<sub>2</sub> and CuO doped with SnO<sub>2</sub> were prepared by the co-precipitation method and characterized for different physiochemical properties and microbiological activity. The composition and morphological formation were characterized by XRD, HRTEM, Raman, FTIR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The Powder X-ray analysis reveals that Sn4+ ions have substituted the Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions without changing the monoclinic structure of SnO<sub>2</sub> but the average particle size of the SnO<sub>2</sub> and CuO doped SnO<sub>2</sub> samples from 11 and 5 nm respectively. However, it exhibits an inhibiting strong bacterial growth against tested bacterial strains.展开更多
Coconut oil contains a rich amount of medium-chain fatty acids,including lauric acid,decanoic acid,and octanoic acid,as well as the corresponding medium-chain triglycerides.It possesses functional attributes such as f...Coconut oil contains a rich amount of medium-chain fatty acids,including lauric acid,decanoic acid,and octanoic acid,as well as the corresponding medium-chain triglycerides.It possesses functional attributes such as facile digestion and absorption,as well as antibacterial and antioxidant properties.The study utilized the Citespace and VOSviewer visual analysis software to examine the quantity of published papers,authors,publishing institutions,research hotspots and frontiers of 3442 effective literatures on the theme of"coconut oil"in the Web of Science(WoS)Core Collection database.The research on coconut oil can be condensed into four primary sections:(1)investigation and utilization of physiochemical characteristics of coconut oil,(2)analysis of nutritional composition and study of the effectiveness of coconut oil,(3)identification of adulteration in coconut oil,(4)evaluation of the impact of coconut oil as a dietary supplement on animal metabolism.Additionally,research focal points have evolved in three distinct phases.Prior to 2008,numerous studies were conducted to investigate the precise fatty acid makeup of coconut oil and its potential for lowering cholesterol levels.From 2009 to 2016,significant emphasis was placed on examining the impact of coconut oil on methane production in ruminants.Between 2018 to 2023,the main focus will be on investigating how nanoparticles can alter the properties of coconut oil.In the future,the anticipated research areas of interest are expected to focus on the rapid detection method of coconut oil,the efficacy of coconut oil and the advancement of coconut resources.The objective of this review is to provide researchers with relevant information about coconut oil,aiming to foster the continued growth of the coconut oil industry.展开更多
To study the effects of long-term no-tillage direct seeding mode on rice yield and the soil physiochemical property in a rice-rapeseed rotation system, a comparative experiment with a water-saving and drought-resistan...To study the effects of long-term no-tillage direct seeding mode on rice yield and the soil physiochemical property in a rice-rapeseed rotation system, a comparative experiment with a water-saving and drought-resistance rice （WDR） variety and a double low rapeseed variety as materials was conducted under no-tillage direct seeding （NTDS） mode and conventional tillage direct seeding （CTDS） mode for four years, using the CTDS mode as the control. Compared with the CTDS mode, the actual rice yield of WDR decreased by 8.10% at the first year, whereas the plant height, spikelet number per panicle, spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, actual yield, and harvest index increased with no-tillage years, which led to the actual yield increase by 6.49% at the fourth year. Correlation analysis showed that the panicle length was significantly related to the actual yield of WDR. Compared with the CTDS mode in terms of the soil properties, the pH value of the NTDS mode decreased every year, whereas the contents of soil organic matter and total N of the NTDS mode increased. In the 0-5 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the soil bulk decreased, whereas the contents of soil organic matter, total N, and available N increased. In the 5-20 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the available N and K decreased, whereas the soil bulk, contents of soil organic matter, and total N increased. In summary, the NTDS mode increased the rice yield, and could improve the paddy soil fertility of the top layer.展开更多
Theaflavins(TFs),as the major polyphenolic components of fermented tea,possess beneficial effects on human health.In this study,the effervescent tablets based on theaflavins were developed.The optimal formulation of T...Theaflavins(TFs),as the major polyphenolic components of fermented tea,possess beneficial effects on human health.In this study,the effervescent tablets based on theaflavins were developed.The optimal formulation of TF effervescent tablets was obtained by response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design.Then,the physiochemical properties were evaluated,including hardness,friability,effervescent time and pH of the solution.At last,the antioxidant ability of TF effervescent tablets was studied through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay.According to the results,the optimal formulation of the tablets contained TF powder 9.09%,disintegrating agent 43.80%(the weight ratio of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate was 1:1),aspartame 1.86%,PEG-6003%,and mannitol in balance.With the wet granulation method,the TF effervescent tablets displayed suitable hardness,fast disintegration time,good color,pleasant taste and high antioxidant activity.This study demonstrated that the TF effervescent tablets could be a valuable product for the supplement market and contribute to promoting practical application of TFs.展开更多
Fruit is one of the essential sources of human nutrition.Consumers around the world need to be able to purchase fruit of reliable flavor and nutritional quality.Physical appearance and physicochemical properties play ...Fruit is one of the essential sources of human nutrition.Consumers around the world need to be able to purchase fruit of reliable flavor and nutritional quality.Physical appearance and physicochemical properties play a key role in determining desirable quality and flavor.However,for some fruits such as watermelon,durian,pineapple,it is very hard to determine quality and flavor by external appearance.Therefore,a practical method to predict physical and physicochemical properties of fruit needs to be developed.In this study,a computerized technique is investigated to determine pineapple grades and their physical and physicochemical properties,including ripeness,total soluble solids,pH value and water content.The results reveal that by grading using pulp characteristics it is possible to classify pineapples into three distinct groups,which are significantly different in TSS,pH value and water content.In addition,predicting pineapple grades using flicking sounds and signal processing demonstrates that pineapples classified as grade 1 and grade 3 are significantly different in TSS,pH value and water content.This suggests that the estimation of the texture of pineapple pulp and its physicochemical properties can be performed prior to cutting.Therefore,it is feasible to develop an automated grading technique that can be used to determine pineapple quality as accurately as destructive grading to predict pineapple grades,texture and physicochemical properties.展开更多
1.Introduction The Brazilian Amazon has a rich variety of fruit and oil plants with great potential for use in the food,pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries,the commercial exploitation of which is sometimes limited...1.Introduction The Brazilian Amazon has a rich variety of fruit and oil plants with great potential for use in the food,pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries,the commercial exploitation of which is sometimes limited to the local market.Among the oil palm trees in this region is the inajazeiro(Maximiliana maripa),which belongs to the family and is native to the Amazon rainforest,occurring in surrounding countries and in Brazil,mainly in the states of Amazonas,Para and Maranhao.The potential for industrial use of the inaja lies in the edible kernel oil(59.28%)and pulp fat(37.16%)obtained from the fruit(Machado et al.,2022;Oliveira et al.,2017;Serra et al.,2019).展开更多
Metal organic framework(MOF)based semiconductor composites enhance the synergistic physiochemical properties of pristine semiconducting materials.In general,MOFs are perceived as an attractive candidate for constructi...Metal organic framework(MOF)based semiconductor composites enhance the synergistic physiochemical properties of pristine semiconducting materials.In general,MOFs are perceived as an attractive candidate for constructing new composite materials because of their facile synthesis,tuneable porosity,high surface area,populous active sites and surface functional groups.As such,many researchers have infused pure MOFs with other classes of materials such as supplementary MOFs,carbonaceous materials,oxides,metal NPs,quantum dots,polymers etc.to fabricate distinctive constructs with synergetic properties.Considering the accelerating development occurring in the field of 3D reticulated hybrid materials towards photocatalysis,it is quite essential to summarize and explore their vast possibilities.In this regard,we aim at performing an analysis of metal oxide integrated MOFs(MO@MOF)towards photocatalytic applications.Many researchers have been tempted to improve the functionalities of pristine MOFs by composite formation with metal oxides(such as UiO-66@WO_(3),Bi_(2) O_(3)@HKUST-1,ZnO@ZIF-8,Fe_(3)O_(4)@MIL-100(Fe)etc.)and have reported its applications towards diverse areas of photo-catalysis.In this context,we have presented a holistic summarization focusing on the rational design,fabrication strategy,characterization aspects and underlying mechanistic charge dynamics of photocatalytic applications with metal oxide integrated metal organic frameworks.展开更多
The composition of soil microbial community structure and the diversity of microbial population could reflect the quality of soil environment to a certain extent.In this paper,three kinds of irrigation water sources a...The composition of soil microbial community structure and the diversity of microbial population could reflect the quality of soil environment to a certain extent.In this paper,three kinds of irrigation water sources and three kinds of water level regulations were set to investigate the effects of different sources of reclaimed water irrigation and the regulation of irrigation and drainage on species diversity and microbial diversity in paddy fields,aiming to clarify the microbial mechanisms under rural domestic reclaimed water irrigation.Through five-point method on soil samples in 0-40 cm layers,the soil characteristic was tested by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing.Results showed that the maximum biodiversity is observed under primary treated water of domestic sewage R1 in soil layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm.In the surface layer(0-20 cm)of soil,irrigation with rural reclaimed water can significantly increase the microbial diversity.The soil has the largest number of microbial communities and the richest biological communities under secondary treated water of domestic sewage R2,while it was the smallest under river water CK water source irrigation.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria is highest in 20-40 cm soil,and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in 0-20 cm soil can be significantly increased under R1 and R2 water source irrigation conditions,while the abundance of Firmicutes can be reduced.The relative abundance of Chloroflexi in 20-40 cm soil layer can be significantly increased with R2,while reducing the relative abundance of Acidobacter.Moreover,in the 0-20 cm soil,both the Chao1 index and Ace index showed significant differences(p<0.05)between R1 and CK,and between R2 and CK.In the 20-40 cm soil,the Shannon index showed a significant difference(p<0.05)between R1 and R2,and also the Simpson index in this soil layer showed a significant difference(p<0.05)between R1 and CK treatments.Therefore,reclaimed water irrigation can significantly increase the biodiversity and community richness of the rice field root zone.Under the same water source conditions,the higher farmland water level could increase the difference in microbial diversity.This research clarifies the microbial action mechanisms in irrigation with rural reclaimed water,providing a theoretical basis for its application in agricultural fields.展开更多
Urban surface soil has a unique set of structures and processes that affect surface soil organic carbon density(SOCdensity) and its spatial variations. Using Beijing as a case study, and assisted by field investigatio...Urban surface soil has a unique set of structures and processes that affect surface soil organic carbon density(SOCdensity) and its spatial variations. Using Beijing as a case study, and assisted by field investigations and experiments, we analyzed the spatial distribution of SOCdensity in different land use types and functional regions, and assessed associated factors such as urbanization level, the physiochemical properties of soil and plant configurations. The present study aims to provide useful information about the mechanisms driving soil organic carbon and climate change in developing and developed areas in urbanized regions like Beijing. Results indicate that P is the main factor positively influencing SOCdensity in most regions. Because of the specific interference directly related to human beings in urban areas, with decreases in the urbanization level, more physiochemical factors of soil can influence SOCdensity. SOCdensity under grasses is not significantly different from that under other plant compositions. Urbanization processes decrease the heterogeneity of the spatial pattern of SOCdensity in most land use types, but increased its contents when the area reached a developed level in Beijing. More factors related to human interference and spatial variation of surface soil carbon storage, especially under impervious land in urban areas, should be considered in future studies.展开更多
文摘In order to explore the method of returning corn stalk into field, the effects of returning corn stalk direcfly into soil and applying corn stalk-composted orgar^c fertilizer into soil on the physiochemical properties of tobacco-growing soil were studied. The results showed that returning corn stalk into soil could reduce soil bulk density and increase soil porosity, so as to improve the water and fertilizer retention capacity of tobacco-growing soil. At the same time, returning corn stalk into soil could also increase the organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassi- um contents in tobacco-growing soil. In the early field growth stage of tobacco, soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content decreased slightly; but in the middle and later field growth stage, the alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content in tobacco-growing soil increased. The treatment effect of corn stalk＋urea＋fermentation bacteria and corn stalk＋urea＋BM was better than that of the control （returning corn stalk directly into soil）, indicating that the corn stalk-composted organic fertilizer had certain popular- ization value.
基金financially supported by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaChina National Petroleum Corporation(U1362202)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(21206195)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(14CX02050A,14CX02123A)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2012BM014)the project sponsored by Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholarthe support from Chinese Government under the Chinese scholarship scheme for international students
文摘Active sites of Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalyst are poisoned during operation in the FCC reactor due to causes including feedstock contaminant metals deposition. This leads to activity, selectivity and increasing coking problems, thereby raising concern to the refiner. This work investigated effect of nickel coexisting with vanadium in the FCC feedstock on the standard FCC catalyst during cracking process, in which destruction of active sites occurs as a result of the metals deposition. Laboratory simulated equilibrium catalysts (E-cats) were studied by XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, N-2 adsorption, solid state MAS-NMR, SEM and H-2-TPR. Results revealed that vanadium, above a certain concentration in the catalyst, under hydrothermal conditions, is highly detrimental to the catalyst's structure and activity. Conversely, nickel hardly affects the catalyst structure, but its co-presence in the catalyst reduces destructive effects of vanadium. The mechanism of nickel inhibition of vanadium poisoning of the catalyst is discussed. (C) 2016 Science Press and Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Published by Elsevier B.V. and Science Press. All rights reserved.
文摘Biological invasions can alter soil properties within the range of their introduced,leading to impacts on ecosystem services,ecosystem functions,and biodiversity.To better understand the impacts of biological invasions on soil,we compared topsoil physiochemical properties at sites with invasive alien tree species(Prosopis juliflora),native tree species(Prosopis cineraria,Acacia tortilis,and Acacia ehrenbergiana),and mixed tree species in Hormozgan Province of Iran in May 2018.In this study,we collected 40 soil samples at a depth of 10 cm under single tree species,including P.juliflora,P.cineraria,A.tortilis,and A.ehrenbergiana,as well as under mixed tree species.The results showed that organic matter,moisture,potassium,calcium,nitrogen,and magnesium in topsoil at sites with A.tortilis and A.ehrenbergiana growing in combination with P.cineraria were higher than that at sites where P.juliflora was present(P<0.05).Sodium at sites with A.tortilis and A.ehrenbergiana growing in combination with P.cineraria and P.juliflora was lower as compared to that at sites with just A.tortilis and A.ehrenbergiana.Electrical conductivity was lower at sites with A.tortilis and A.ehrenbergiana growing in combination with P.cineraria,and it was higher at sites with mixed Acacia and P.juliflora trees.Based on the generally more positive effect of native Acacia and P.cineraria on topsoil physiochemical properties as compared to the P.julifora,afforestation with native tree species is preferable for soil restoration.In addition,due to the negative effects of P.julifora on soil properties,P.julifora spread should be better managed.
文摘The effect of cement on physiochemical properties of three types of soils i.e garden soil, agricultural soil and roadside soil was investigated. The ordinary Portland cement was used. The amount of cement added to soil samples, as dry mass percentage was 20%. The results of analysis showed that the addition of cement is capable of bringing about changes in physiochemical properties of soil. The electrical conductivity and organic matter content in three soils get decreased by the addition of cement. While the pH, bulk density and water holding capacity of soils after the addition of cement gets increased. The soil found most suitable to be treated with cement was roadside soil. It was concluded that cement can be used to change the physiochemical properties of soil and this technique has great utility in improving the quality of problematic soils.
基金the Chinese Ministry of Agriculture(Grant No.2016ZX08001006)Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant Nos.2016C02052-6,C02058-4,2017C02019 and 2018C02055)。
文摘With changes in food preferences and life styles,more and more attentions have been focused on healthier food.Nowadays,resistant starch(RS)which can resist digestion in the human intestine has been recognized and accepted.High RS diet shows great benefit for the human health,and breeding high RS rice variety is a great target for realizing dietary intervention.To provide guidance for RS improvement in rice,this review summarized the unique physiochemical properties of RS and the possible approaches,i.e.genetic regulation,for enhancing RS content in rice,and proposed the potential ways to obtain rice variety with high RS content.
基金The study was supported by PPI/PPIC China Program (No. HB-19) and Wetland Laboratory Opening Foundation of Hubei Province (No. HNKFJ20021301).
文摘A study was conducted to evaluate the soil nutrient status of poplar plantation by Soil Nutrient Systematic Approach (SNSA) in Jianghan Plain, Hubei Province, China. Soil physiochemical properties were analyzed in laboratory through collection soil samples of study site. Ten treatments of application different fertilizers were designed such as CK, optimum treatment (N, P, K, Zn), N(P, K, Zn), P(N, K, Zn), K(N, P, Zn), +Mg(N, P, K, Zn, Mg), Zn (N,P,K), +2P(N, 2P, K, Zn), +2K(N, P, 2K, Zn), and 2N+2P+2K(2N, 2P, 2K, Zn) for field experiment to test the effect on tree height, diameter (DBH) growth, and dry weight of poplar. The results showed that there was no significant difference in tree heights between treatments with different fertilizers, diameter growth of poplar trees in treatments of lack of N and Zn was significantly slower than that of trees in optimum treatment, and dry weight of poplar dropped significantly for treatment of CK as well as treatments without application N and Zn. It is concluded that N and Zn were main limiting factor for poplar growth. Results from laboratory analysis and field experiment were uniform per-fectly, which proved that SNSA was reliable in evaluating soil nutrient status of poplar plantation.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to investigate the effects of different drying temperatures on the physiochemical properties and antioxidant activity of balsam pear slices. [Method] Balsam pear slices were dried at different hot air temperatures, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 ℃. [Result] The polyphenols content was highest （2.83 mg/g） in the balsam pear slices dried at 50 ℃, and the flavonoids content was highest （2.584 mg/g） in those dried at 60 ℃. Different drying temperatures had a great impact on the antioxidant capacity of polyphenols in balsam pear. The balsam pear slices dried at 50 ℃ showed the strongest capacity for scavenging DPPH free radicals with IC50 of 0.015 mg/ml, and those dried at 80 ℃ showed the strongest capacity for removing ABTS free radicals with IC50 of 0.0689 mg/ml. [Conclusion] The hot air temperature of 50 ℃ had the least impact on the quality of balsam pear slices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC 51806243)and the China Scholarship Council Grant(#201908040007).
文摘Biochar,one of the products of thermochemical conversion of biomass,possesses specific physiochemical properties such as conductivity,pore adsorption,surface functional groups,and cation exchange capacity.Anaerobic digestion(AD)as a classical bio-wastes conversion technology,suffers from inhibitions,process instability,and methanogenic inefficiency which limit its efficiency.With the advantages of pH buffering,functional microbes enrichment,inhibitors alleviating,and direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET)accelerating,biochar suggests a promising application as additives for AD.Herein,this paper reviewed the noting physicochemical properties of biochar,and discussed its roles and related mechanisms in AD.Further,this paper highlighted the advantages and drawbacks,and pointed out the corresponding challenges and prospects for future research and application of biochar amending AD.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC,Project N0.32201999)Key R&D Plan of Jiangxi Province(20232BBF60024)+2 种基金National Key Laboratory Project(20232BCD44005)Agricultural key core technology research project of Jiangxi Province(JXNK202303-05)Central Government Guide Local Special Fund Project for Scientific and Technological Development of Jiangxi Prov-ince(20221ZDD02001).
文摘The commercialization of peanut products is presently limited by the absence of a reliable method of degrading the allergen while yielding acceptable flavor.We examined the effect of co-fermentation of peanut milk by Lactobacillus plantarum strain P1 and Lactobacillus pentosus strain Y6(FPM-LE)on its protein structure,Ara h 1’s immunoreactivity,physicochemical properties and flavor.Protein analysis showed that protein folding,and degradation occurred during the fermentation and significantly degraded peanut proteins greater than 20 kDa.The immunoreactivity of FPM-LE of Ara h 1 was most reduced by 74.65%compared to sterilized peanut milk.We found that FPM-LE had higher acidity,water holding capacity,viscosity.The flavor of FPM-LE was significantly improved compared to peanut milk fermented by L.plantarum P1 or L.pentosus Y6 alone.The characteristic flavor metabolites(CFM)of FPM-LE were 1-hexanol.Overall,FPM-LE as a product has strong potential to become a hypoallergenic,peanut milk drink with excellent taste and flavor.
基金Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Innovation Environment Construction Special Fund and Technology Innovation Base Construction Key Laboratory Open Project(Grant No.2022D04016)the Key R&D Program of Shan Dong Province(Grant No.2021ZDSYS26)+3 种基金CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(Grant No.2022-I2M-1-015)Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission Drug Standard Promoting Fund(Grant No.2023Y11)Independent Innovation and Achievement Transformation Plan Project of Zaozhuang City(Grant No.2022GH15)2023 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Innovation Tianchi Talent Introduction Program for financial support.
文摘Currently,cocrystallization is a promising strategy for tailoring the physicochemical properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients.Theophylline,an alkaloid and the most primary metabolite of caffeine,is a readily available compound found in tea and coffee.It functions primarily as a bronchodilator and respiratory stimulant,making it a mainstay treatment for lung diseases like asthma.Theophylline’s additional potential benefits,including anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties,and its possible role in neurological disorders,have garnered significant research interest.Cocrystal formation presents a viable approach to improve the physicochemical properties of theophylline and potentially mitigate its toxic effects.This review comprehensively explores several successful studies that utilized cocrystallization to favorably alter the physicochemical properties of theophylline or its CCF.Notably,cocrystals can not only enhance the solubility and bioavailability of theophylline but also exhibit synergistic effects with other APIs.The review further delves into the hydrogen bonding sites within the theophylline structure and the hydrogen bonding networks observed in cocrystal structures.
文摘This study investigated the impact assessment of oil spillage on farmlands of some communities in Ilaje Area of Ondo state. Three farmlands were considered in the course of this study. Two of the three farmlands were within the Ikorigho and Otumara communities that recently experienced oil spillage and they are about 300 m from each other. While the third farm was within the Igbokoda community which is geographically similar but has not experienced oil spillage, it was used as control. The farmland was delineated at each area by the grid technique and soil samples were collected at 0-20 cm depth of the ground. Some physiochemical properties that reflect soil nutrient content and fertility status （pH, electrical conductivity, moisture content, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorous and cation exchange capacity （CEC）） were determined using standard methods and results from the three areas were compared. There was a significant decrease in the calcium （Ca）, magnesium （Mg）, potassium （K） and organic matter, as well as a significant increase in the electrical conductivity, moisture content and phosphorous content of the oil-spill affected farmlands at Ikorigho and Otumara when compared with the non-affected farmland at Igbokoda. The acidic nature of the farmlands could not be attributed entirely to the oil spill since the control farmland at Igbokoda was slightly acidic. The results show that oil spillage has adversely affected the nutrient level and fertility status of farmland at Ikorigho and Otumara communities, which needs urgent remediation.
文摘Nanocrystalline SnO<sub>2</sub> and CuO doped with SnO<sub>2</sub> were prepared by the co-precipitation method and characterized for different physiochemical properties and microbiological activity. The composition and morphological formation were characterized by XRD, HRTEM, Raman, FTIR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. The Powder X-ray analysis reveals that Sn4+ ions have substituted the Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions without changing the monoclinic structure of SnO<sub>2</sub> but the average particle size of the SnO<sub>2</sub> and CuO doped SnO<sub>2</sub> samples from 11 and 5 nm respectively. However, it exhibits an inhibiting strong bacterial growth against tested bacterial strains.
基金This study is supported by the Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil,Ministry of Education(Wuhan Polytechnic University)(No.DZLY2022008)Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products(Wuhan Polytechnic University)(No.NJZ2022008).
文摘Coconut oil contains a rich amount of medium-chain fatty acids,including lauric acid,decanoic acid,and octanoic acid,as well as the corresponding medium-chain triglycerides.It possesses functional attributes such as facile digestion and absorption,as well as antibacterial and antioxidant properties.The study utilized the Citespace and VOSviewer visual analysis software to examine the quantity of published papers,authors,publishing institutions,research hotspots and frontiers of 3442 effective literatures on the theme of"coconut oil"in the Web of Science(WoS)Core Collection database.The research on coconut oil can be condensed into four primary sections:(1)investigation and utilization of physiochemical characteristics of coconut oil,(2)analysis of nutritional composition and study of the effectiveness of coconut oil,(3)identification of adulteration in coconut oil,(4)evaluation of the impact of coconut oil as a dietary supplement on animal metabolism.Additionally,research focal points have evolved in three distinct phases.Prior to 2008,numerous studies were conducted to investigate the precise fatty acid makeup of coconut oil and its potential for lowering cholesterol levels.From 2009 to 2016,significant emphasis was placed on examining the impact of coconut oil on methane production in ruminants.Between 2018 to 2023,the main focus will be on investigating how nanoparticles can alter the properties of coconut oil.In the future,the anticipated research areas of interest are expected to focus on the rapid detection method of coconut oil,the efficacy of coconut oil and the advancement of coconut resources.The objective of this review is to provide researchers with relevant information about coconut oil,aiming to foster the continued growth of the coconut oil industry.
基金supported by the Key Project of Developing Agriculture through Science and Technology of Shanghai Municipal Agricultural Commission,China(Grant No.2010-1-1)Shanghai Science and Technology Development Funds,China(Grant No.11QA1405900)the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2012AA101102)
文摘To study the effects of long-term no-tillage direct seeding mode on rice yield and the soil physiochemical property in a rice-rapeseed rotation system, a comparative experiment with a water-saving and drought-resistance rice （WDR） variety and a double low rapeseed variety as materials was conducted under no-tillage direct seeding （NTDS） mode and conventional tillage direct seeding （CTDS） mode for four years, using the CTDS mode as the control. Compared with the CTDS mode, the actual rice yield of WDR decreased by 8.10% at the first year, whereas the plant height, spikelet number per panicle, spikelet fertility, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, actual yield, and harvest index increased with no-tillage years, which led to the actual yield increase by 6.49% at the fourth year. Correlation analysis showed that the panicle length was significantly related to the actual yield of WDR. Compared with the CTDS mode in terms of the soil properties, the pH value of the NTDS mode decreased every year, whereas the contents of soil organic matter and total N of the NTDS mode increased. In the 0-5 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the soil bulk decreased, whereas the contents of soil organic matter, total N, and available N increased. In the 5-20 cm layer of the NTDS mode, the available N and K decreased, whereas the soil bulk, contents of soil organic matter, and total N increased. In summary, the NTDS mode increased the rice yield, and could improve the paddy soil fertility of the top layer.
基金Supported by Hubei Key Laboratory of Economic Forest Germplasm Improvement and Resources Comprehensive Utilization,Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains Fund(2021CX06)。
文摘Theaflavins(TFs),as the major polyphenolic components of fermented tea,possess beneficial effects on human health.In this study,the effervescent tablets based on theaflavins were developed.The optimal formulation of TF effervescent tablets was obtained by response surface methodology with the Box-Behnken design.Then,the physiochemical properties were evaluated,including hardness,friability,effervescent time and pH of the solution.At last,the antioxidant ability of TF effervescent tablets was studied through DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assay.According to the results,the optimal formulation of the tablets contained TF powder 9.09%,disintegrating agent 43.80%(the weight ratio of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate was 1:1),aspartame 1.86%,PEG-6003%,and mannitol in balance.With the wet granulation method,the TF effervescent tablets displayed suitable hardness,fast disintegration time,good color,pleasant taste and high antioxidant activity.This study demonstrated that the TF effervescent tablets could be a valuable product for the supplement market and contribute to promoting practical application of TFs.
文摘Fruit is one of the essential sources of human nutrition.Consumers around the world need to be able to purchase fruit of reliable flavor and nutritional quality.Physical appearance and physicochemical properties play a key role in determining desirable quality and flavor.However,for some fruits such as watermelon,durian,pineapple,it is very hard to determine quality and flavor by external appearance.Therefore,a practical method to predict physical and physicochemical properties of fruit needs to be developed.In this study,a computerized technique is investigated to determine pineapple grades and their physical and physicochemical properties,including ripeness,total soluble solids,pH value and water content.The results reveal that by grading using pulp characteristics it is possible to classify pineapples into three distinct groups,which are significantly different in TSS,pH value and water content.In addition,predicting pineapple grades using flicking sounds and signal processing demonstrates that pineapples classified as grade 1 and grade 3 are significantly different in TSS,pH value and water content.This suggests that the estimation of the texture of pineapple pulp and its physicochemical properties can be performed prior to cutting.Therefore,it is feasible to develop an automated grading technique that can be used to determine pineapple quality as accurately as destructive grading to predict pineapple grades,texture and physicochemical properties.
基金support of the State of Bahia Research Support Foundation(Fapesb)and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel(CAPES)support received by the State University of Southwest Bahia(UESB)in partnership with the Federal University of Amazonas(UFAM).
文摘1.Introduction The Brazilian Amazon has a rich variety of fruit and oil plants with great potential for use in the food,pharmaceutical and cosmetics industries,the commercial exploitation of which is sometimes limited to the local market.Among the oil palm trees in this region is the inajazeiro(Maximiliana maripa),which belongs to the family and is native to the Amazon rainforest,occurring in surrounding countries and in Brazil,mainly in the states of Amazonas,Para and Maranhao.The potential for industrial use of the inaja lies in the edible kernel oil(59.28%)and pulp fat(37.16%)obtained from the fruit(Machado et al.,2022;Oliveira et al.,2017;Serra et al.,2019).
基金S‘O’A(Deemed to be University),Bhubaneswar management and staff are thankfully acknowledged for their constant support and encouragement in this work.
文摘Metal organic framework(MOF)based semiconductor composites enhance the synergistic physiochemical properties of pristine semiconducting materials.In general,MOFs are perceived as an attractive candidate for constructing new composite materials because of their facile synthesis,tuneable porosity,high surface area,populous active sites and surface functional groups.As such,many researchers have infused pure MOFs with other classes of materials such as supplementary MOFs,carbonaceous materials,oxides,metal NPs,quantum dots,polymers etc.to fabricate distinctive constructs with synergetic properties.Considering the accelerating development occurring in the field of 3D reticulated hybrid materials towards photocatalysis,it is quite essential to summarize and explore their vast possibilities.In this regard,we aim at performing an analysis of metal oxide integrated MOFs(MO@MOF)towards photocatalytic applications.Many researchers have been tempted to improve the functionalities of pristine MOFs by composite formation with metal oxides(such as UiO-66@WO_(3),Bi_(2) O_(3)@HKUST-1,ZnO@ZIF-8,Fe_(3)O_(4)@MIL-100(Fe)etc.)and have reported its applications towards diverse areas of photo-catalysis.In this context,we have presented a holistic summarization focusing on the rational design,fabrication strategy,characterization aspects and underlying mechanistic charge dynamics of photocatalytic applications with metal oxide integrated metal organic frameworks.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52009044)the Institute Special Project of Zhejiang Institute of Hydraulics and Estuary(Zhejiang Institute of Marine Planning and Design)(Grant No.ZIHEYS25001)Water Conservancy Science and Technology in Zhejiang Province(Grant No.RB2410).
文摘The composition of soil microbial community structure and the diversity of microbial population could reflect the quality of soil environment to a certain extent.In this paper,three kinds of irrigation water sources and three kinds of water level regulations were set to investigate the effects of different sources of reclaimed water irrigation and the regulation of irrigation and drainage on species diversity and microbial diversity in paddy fields,aiming to clarify the microbial mechanisms under rural domestic reclaimed water irrigation.Through five-point method on soil samples in 0-40 cm layers,the soil characteristic was tested by 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing.Results showed that the maximum biodiversity is observed under primary treated water of domestic sewage R1 in soil layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm.In the surface layer(0-20 cm)of soil,irrigation with rural reclaimed water can significantly increase the microbial diversity.The soil has the largest number of microbial communities and the richest biological communities under secondary treated water of domestic sewage R2,while it was the smallest under river water CK water source irrigation.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria is highest in 20-40 cm soil,and the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in 0-20 cm soil can be significantly increased under R1 and R2 water source irrigation conditions,while the abundance of Firmicutes can be reduced.The relative abundance of Chloroflexi in 20-40 cm soil layer can be significantly increased with R2,while reducing the relative abundance of Acidobacter.Moreover,in the 0-20 cm soil,both the Chao1 index and Ace index showed significant differences(p<0.05)between R1 and CK,and between R2 and CK.In the 20-40 cm soil,the Shannon index showed a significant difference(p<0.05)between R1 and R2,and also the Simpson index in this soil layer showed a significant difference(p<0.05)between R1 and CK treatments.Therefore,reclaimed water irrigation can significantly increase the biodiversity and community richness of the rice field root zone.Under the same water source conditions,the higher farmland water level could increase the difference in microbial diversity.This research clarifies the microbial action mechanisms in irrigation with rural reclaimed water,providing a theoretical basis for its application in agricultural fields.
基金The Key Projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China (41530747)The State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resources Ecology (2017-FX-01(1))。
文摘Urban surface soil has a unique set of structures and processes that affect surface soil organic carbon density(SOCdensity) and its spatial variations. Using Beijing as a case study, and assisted by field investigations and experiments, we analyzed the spatial distribution of SOCdensity in different land use types and functional regions, and assessed associated factors such as urbanization level, the physiochemical properties of soil and plant configurations. The present study aims to provide useful information about the mechanisms driving soil organic carbon and climate change in developing and developed areas in urbanized regions like Beijing. Results indicate that P is the main factor positively influencing SOCdensity in most regions. Because of the specific interference directly related to human beings in urban areas, with decreases in the urbanization level, more physiochemical factors of soil can influence SOCdensity. SOCdensity under grasses is not significantly different from that under other plant compositions. Urbanization processes decrease the heterogeneity of the spatial pattern of SOCdensity in most land use types, but increased its contents when the area reached a developed level in Beijing. More factors related to human interference and spatial variation of surface soil carbon storage, especially under impervious land in urban areas, should be considered in future studies.
