Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for it...Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity,particularly in aging brains.However,the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear.Adiponectin,a cell-secreted protein hormone,has recently been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and mediate the antidepressant effects of physical exercise.Studies on the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin have revealed potential innovative treatments for Alzheimer's disease.Here,we reviewed the functions of adiponectin and its receptor in the brains of human and animal models of cognitive impairment.We summarized the role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease,focusing on its impact on energy metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammation.We also discuss how exercise increases adiponectin secretion and its potential benefits for learning and memory.Finally,we highlight the latest research on chemical compounds that mimic exerciseenhanced secretion of adiponectin and its receptor in Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Morbid obesity is regarded as a disease due to excess body weight, causing a silence of life as a whole and entailing the most varied disabilities for the person, such as: physical, social, psychological, affective, e...Morbid obesity is regarded as a disease due to excess body weight, causing a silence of life as a whole and entailing the most varied disabilities for the person, such as: physical, social, psychological, affective, etc. It represents cases of “public health”, thereby involving competent bodies in the development of solutions that encompass various medical specialties and other health fields, in addition to influencing the mind of these people, causing depression that, due to metabolic involvement, can evolve to the death of the individual. The participation of multidisciplinary health focuses on weight loss, freely and spontaneously, or on the indication of bariatric surgery. We know how difficult it is to lose weight. In order to achieve successful procedures, we recommend the “Obese Workshop” or pre- and post-surgical follow-ups close to the patients, with a view to avoiding recurrences or the “accordion effect” (very common), which can interfere with the Body Mass Index (BMI). Everyone, males and females, complained of tiredness and the impossibility of any physical exercise, even the lightest and simplest to be performed, in addition to the fact that they cannot attend gyms and are unable to open a simple door handle.展开更多
A growing body of studies and systematic reviews show evidence of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on core symptoms of ADHD. Furthermore, studies indicate that physical exercise as an adjuvant can enhance t...A growing body of studies and systematic reviews show evidence of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on core symptoms of ADHD. Furthermore, studies indicate that physical exercise as an adjuvant can enhance the effects of medication in the treatment of ADHD. Aerobic and coordinative exercises improve executive functioning through their effect on neurocognitive domains that are implicated in ADHD. It is postulated that through their specific modus operandi, aerobic exercise, by raising cortical arousal levels, improves impaired alerting functions whereas coordinative exercises improve the regulation of inhibitory control through the involvement of a higher variety of frontal-dependent cognitive processes. The increasing use of routine neurocognitive testing with continuous performance tests (CPT), such as the QbTest, at clinical assessments for ADHD allows for an innovative approach to identify the assessment impairments in alerting function and inhibition control that are related to ADHD and accordingly choose aerobic or coordinative physical exercise in a more targeted fashion.展开更多
This article is based on a recent bibliometric analysis of research progress on liver aging.The liver is notable for its extraordinary ability to rejuvenate,thereby safeguarding and maintaining the organism’s integri...This article is based on a recent bibliometric analysis of research progress on liver aging.The liver is notable for its extraordinary ability to rejuvenate,thereby safeguarding and maintaining the organism’s integrity.With advancing age,there is a noteworthy reduction in both the liver’s size and blood circulation.Furthermore,the wide range of physiological alterations driven on by aging may foster the development of illnesses.Previous studies indicate that liver aging is linked to impaired lipid metabolism and abnormal gene expression associated with chronic inflammation.Factors such as mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere shortening accumulate,which may result in increased hepatic steatosis,which impacts liver regeneration,metabolism,and other functions.Knowing the structural and functional changes could help elderly adults delay liver aging.Increasing public awareness of anti-aging interventions is essential.Besides the use of dietary supplements,alterations in lifestyle,including changes in dietary habits and physical exercise routines,are the most efficacious means to decelerate the aging process of the liver.This article highlights recent advances in the mechanism research of liver aging and summarizes the promising intervention options to delay liver aging for preventing related diseases.展开更多
This article comments on the work by Soresi and Giannitrapani.The authors have stated that one of the most novel and promising treatments for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is the use o...This article comments on the work by Soresi and Giannitrapani.The authors have stated that one of the most novel and promising treatments for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is the use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists,especially when used in combination therapy.However,despite their notable efficacy,these drugs were not initially designed to target MASLD directly.In a groundbreaking development,the Food and Drug Administration has recently approved resmetirom,the first treatment specifically aimed at reducing liver fibrosis in metabolic-associated steatohepatitis.Resmetirom,an orally administered,liver-directed thyroid hormone beta-selective agonist,acts directly on intrahepatic pathways,enhancing its therapeutic potential and marking the beginning of a new era in the treatment of MASLD.Furthermore,the integration of lifestyle modifications into liver disease management is an essential component that should be considered and reinforced.By incorporating dietary changes and regular physical exercise into treatment,patients may achieve improved outcomes,reducing the need for pharmacological interventions and/or improving treatment efficacy.As a complement to medical therapies,lifestyle factors should not be overlooked in the broader strategy for managing MASLD.展开更多
Recent research has demonstrated the impact of physical activity on the prognosis of glioma patients,with evidence suggesting exercise may reduce mortality risks and aid neural regeneration.The role of the small ubiqu...Recent research has demonstrated the impact of physical activity on the prognosis of glioma patients,with evidence suggesting exercise may reduce mortality risks and aid neural regeneration.The role of the small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)protein,especially post-exercise,in cancer progression,is gaining attention,as are the potential anti-cancer effects of SUMOylation.We used machine learning to create the exercise and SUMO-related gene signature(ESLRS).This signature shows how physical activity might help improve the outlook for low-grade glioma and other cancers.We demonstrated the prognostic and immunotherapeutic significance of ESLRS markers,specifically highlighting how murine double minute 2(MDM2),a component of the ESLRS,can be targeted by nutlin-3.This underscores the intricate relationship between natural compounds such as nutlin-3 and immune regulation.Using comprehensive CRISPR screening,we validated the effects of specific ESLRS genes on low-grade glioma progression.We also revealed insights into the effectiveness of Nutlin-3a as a potent MDM2 inhibitor through molecular docking and dynamic simulation.Nutlin-3a inhibited glioma cell proliferation and activated the p53 pathway.Its efficacy decreased with MDM2 overexpression,and this was reversed by Nutlin-3a or exercise.Experiments using a low-grade glioma mouse model highlighted the effect of physical activity on oxidative stress and molecular pathway regulation.Notably,both physical exercise and Nutlin-3a administration improved physical function in mice bearing tumors derived from MDM2-overexpressing cells.These results suggest the potential for Nutlin-3a,an MDM2 inhibitor,with physical exercise as a therapeutic approach for glioma management.Our research also supports the use of natural products for therapy and sheds light on the interaction of exercise,natural products,and immune regulation in cancer treatment.展开更多
Physical exercise is recognized as an effective intervention to improve mood,physical performance,and general well-being.It achieves these benefits through cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote the release of...Physical exercise is recognized as an effective intervention to improve mood,physical performance,and general well-being.It achieves these benefits through cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote the release of neuroprotective factors.Interestingly,reduced levels of physical exercise have been implicated in several central nervous system diseases,including ocular disorders.Emerging evidence has suggested that physical exercise levels are significantly lower in individuals with ocular diseases such as glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration,retinitis pigmentosa,and diabetic retinopathy.Physical exercise may have a neuroprotective effect on the retina.Therefore,the association between reduced physical exercise and ocular diseases may involve a bidirectional causal relationship whereby visual impairment leads to reduced physical exercise and decreased exercise exacerbates the development of ocular disease.In this review,we summarize the evidence linking physical exercise to eye disease and identify potential mediators of physical exercise-induced retinal neuroprotection.Finally,we discuss future directions for preclinical and clinical research in exercise and eye health.展开更多
The health benefits of physical exercise are well established and have been observed in both human studies and rodent models[1],improving overall health and stress resilience.However,the underlying molecular mechanism...The health benefits of physical exercise are well established and have been observed in both human studies and rodent models[1],improving overall health and stress resilience.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been comprehensively investigated.Previous studies have focused extensively on its neuromodulatory effects and have also identified multiple exercise-associated molecular substrates and blood-borne metabolites,including neurotrophic factors,monoamine neurotransmitters,neuroinflammatory cytokines,kynurenine,N-lactoylphenylalanine,and the ketone bodyβ-hydroxybutyrate[2].Notably,lactate,a common energy source derived from cellular glycolysis in response to intensive exercise,has recently been reported to exert antidepressant activity[3].However,a detailed mechanistic explanation is lacking.展开更多
The prevalence of high blood pressure is on the rise among younger individuals,and recent findings have linked exercise to changes in the diversity and configuration of gut microbiota.However,specific modifications to...The prevalence of high blood pressure is on the rise among younger individuals,and recent findings have linked exercise to changes in the diversity and configuration of gut microbiota.However,specific modifications to one's diet,such as incorporating blueberries while engaging in physical activity,can also influence this association.To explore the effects of exercise and blueberry consumption on gut bacteria,we conducted an 8-week study involving healthy and hypertensive college students.Our microbiome analysis revealed slight shifts in gut bacteria composition in response to increased physical activity,with significant changes in the diversity of the g_[Eubacterium]_eligens_group observed in hypertensive college students who regularly consumed blueberries.Although exercise and blueberry supplementation had a negligible impact on the gut microbiota diversity of healthy college students,it significantly boosted the production of butyric acid bacteria in hypertensive young adults.These results suggest that the changes in gut bacteria variety and abundance brought about by blueberries may be tied to alterations in the body composition of patients with hypertension.This study aims to reveal the impact of blueberry on the hypertensive students from a unique perspective,suggesting the impact of taking blueberry while taking exercises.展开更多
Subjective well-being is a key indicator of quality of life and a crucial factor for successful aging among older adults.However,few studies have explored the subjective well-being among older adults from the perspect...Subjective well-being is a key indicator of quality of life and a crucial factor for successful aging among older adults.However,few studies have explored the subjective well-being among older adults from the perspective of digital literacy.Therefore,this study explores the relationship between digital literacy and subjective well-being using data on 4270 older adults from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)dataset.PROCESS mediation analysis results indicated digital literacy is associated with higher subjective well-being among the older adults.Digital literacy was associated with the frequency of physical exercise and consumption.Moreover,Digital literacy can also enhance the subjective well-being among older adults by increasing the frequency of physical exercise,and consumption,and a chain mediator subjective well-being.These findings align with the theoretical framework of digital health literacy.Theory which posits that health information obtained through digital literacy can help older adults better engage in healthy lifestyles,thereby enhancing their quality of life.These findings hold significant practical implications for enhancing the subjective well-being among older adults and advancing the development of successful aging.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,represents the two predominant clinical entities within this spectrum of gastrointestinal disorders.Current evidence indicates that th...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,represents the two predominant clinical entities within this spectrum of gastrointestinal disorders.Current evidence indicates that the etiology of IBD is multifactorial,involving a complex interplay between host genetic susceptibility and environmental determinants.In recent years,non-pharmacological strategies such as physical exercise and vagus nerve stimulation have gained increasing attention as adjunctive therapeutic approaches.Vagus nerve stimulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality,particularly in conditions characterized by autonomic dysfunction and diminished vagal tone.Conversely,vagotomy,by disrupting vagal control,abolishes parasympathetic reflexes and may potentiate inflammatory responses and exacerbate IBD symptomatology under stress conditions.Physical exercise has likewise been investigated as a non-pharmacological intervention in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Although the precise mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated,accumulating evidence suggests that skeletal muscle contractions promote the secretion of myokines,with recognized anti-inflammatory properties.These myokines act on the intestinal microenvironment,conferring protection against malignant transformation and modulating the composition and function of the gut microbiota.In this review,we critically examine the interplay between physical exercise,vagus nerve stimulation,and vagotomy in the pathophysiology and management of IBD,with particular emphasis on their immunomodulatory and therapeutic potential.展开更多
In recent years,insufficient physical activity has coincided with suboptimal health among university students.Drawing on the Suboptimal Health Status(SHS)framework,this study surveyed 314 students from multiple provin...In recent years,insufficient physical activity has coincided with suboptimal health among university students.Drawing on the Suboptimal Health Status(SHS)framework,this study surveyed 314 students from multiple provinces/municipalities in China.Physical activity was assessed with a physical activity level scale,and health status with the Sub-Health Measurement Scale Version 1.0(SHMS V1.0).Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to test associations.Physical exercise was positively associated with overall health(r=0.515,p<0.001)and,after adjusting for sex,only-child status,and place of origin,remained a signifi cant predictor of better health(β=0.515,t=10.512,p<0.001).Sex was associated with exercise level,whereas other demographic variables showed no signifi cant eff ects on health status.These fi ndings suggest that promoting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and campus sport participation may improve students’physiological,psychological,and social adaptation,providing practical guidance for health promotion and exercise prescription in higher education.展开更多
Background:Exercise induces molecular changes that involve multiple organs and tissues.Moreover,these changes are modulated by various exercise parameters—such as intensity,frequency,mode,and duration—as well as by ...Background:Exercise induces molecular changes that involve multiple organs and tissues.Moreover,these changes are modulated by various exercise parameters—such as intensity,frequency,mode,and duration—as well as by clinical features like gender,age,and body mass index(BMI),each eliciting distinct biological effects.To assist exercise researchers in understanding these changes from a comprehensive perspective that includes multiple organs,diverse exercise regimens,and a range of clinical features,we developed Exercise Regulated Genes Database(ExerGeneDB),a database of exercise-regulated differential genes.Methods:ExerGeneDB aggregated publicly available exercise-related sequencing datasets and subjected them to uniform quality control and preprocessing.The data,encompassing a variety of types,were organized into a specialized database of exercise-regulated genes.Notably,Exer-GeneDB conducted differential analyses on this collected data,leveraging curated clinical information and accounting for important factors such as gender,age,and BMI.Results:ExerGeneDB has assembled 1692 samples from rats and mice as well as 4492 human samples.It contains data from various tissues and organs,such as skeletal muscle,blood,adipose tissue,intestine,heart,liver,spleen,lungs,kidneys,brain,spinal cord,bone marrow,and bones.ExerGeneDB features bulk ribonucleic acid sequencing(RNA-seq)(including non-coding RNA(ncRNA)and protein-coding RNA),microarray(including ncRNA and protein-coding RNA),and single cell RNA-seq data.Conclusion:ExerGeneDB compiles and re-analyzes exercise-related data with a focus on clinical information.This has culminated in the crea-tion of an interactive database for exercise regulation genes.The website for ExerGeneDB can be found at:https://exergenedb.com.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)without special drugs shows symptoms of liver fat accumulation and steatosis in patients without alcohol intake.Ultrasound evaluation is a critical method in the early diagnosis...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)without special drugs shows symptoms of liver fat accumulation and steatosis in patients without alcohol intake.Ultrasound evaluation is a critical method in the early diagnosis of NAFLD stages as well as image processing and should be encouraged.Olive oil is an important component of the Mediterranean diet and has a beneficial role in the prevention of NAFLD progression.Physical activity and exercise can have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to reduce liver fat and body weight via regulation of mitochondrial capacity in the development of NAFLD.Both the Mediterranean diet and physical exercise should be combined to achieve the ideal fat content reduction and weight loss in patients with NAFLD.展开更多
Psychological depression is drawing accumulating attention nowadays, due to the skyrocketing incidence worldwide and the enormous burdens it incurs. Physical exercise has been long recog- nized for its therapeutic eff...Psychological depression is drawing accumulating attention nowadays, due to the skyrocketing incidence worldwide and the enormous burdens it incurs. Physical exercise has been long recog- nized for its therapeutic effects on depressive disorders, although knowledge of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. Suppressed hippocampal neurogenesis in adult brains has been regarded, at least partly, contributive to depression, whereas physical exercise that restores neuro- genesis accordingly exerts the anti-depressive action. Several recent publications have suggested the potential role of adiponectin, a protein hormone secreted by peripheral mature adipocytes, in mediating physical exercise-triggered enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis and alleviation of depression. Here, we briefly review these novel findings and discuss the possibility of counter- acting depression by modulating adiponectin signaling in the hippocampus with interventions including physical exercise and administration of pharmacological agents.展开更多
AIM: To clarify the association between physical activity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in nonobese and obese people. METHODS: A Swedish population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. Participants...AIM: To clarify the association between physical activity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in nonobese and obese people. METHODS: A Swedish population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. Participants aged 40-79 years were randomly selected from the Swedish Registry of the Total Population. Data on physical activity, GERD, body mass index (BMI) and the covariates age, gender, comorbidity, education, sleeping problems, and tobacco smoking were obtained using validated questionnaires. GERD was self-reported and defined as heartburn or regurgitation at least once weekly, and having at least moderate problems from such symptoms. Frequency of physical activity was categorized into three groups: (1) "high" (several times/week); (2) "intermediate" (approximately once weekly); and (3) "low" (1-3 times/mo or less). Analyses were stratified for participants with "normal weight" (BMI < 25 kg/m 2 ), "overweight" (BMI 25 to ≤ 30 kg/m 2 ) and "obese" (BMI > 30 kg/m 2 ). Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential confounding by covariates. RESULTS: Of 6969 eligible and randomly selected individuals, 4910 (70.5%) participated. High frequency of physical activity was reported by 2463 (50%) participants, GERD was identified in 472 (10%) participants, and obesity was found in 680 (14%). There were 226 (5%) individuals with missing information about BMI. Normal weight, overweight and obese participants were similar regarding distribution of gender and tobacco smoking status, while obese participants were on average slightly older, had fewer years of education, more comorbidity, slightly more sleeping problems, lower frequency of physical activity, and higher occurrence of GERD. Among the 2146 normal-weight participants, crude point estimates indicated a decreased risk of GERD among individuals with high frequency of physical activity (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39-0.89), compared to low frequency of physical activity. However, after adjustment for potential confounding factors, neither intermediate (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.75-2.26) nor high (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.62-1.60) frequency of physical activity was followed by decreased risk of GERD. Sleeping problems and high comorbidity were identified as potential confounders. Among the 1859 overweight participants, crude point estimates indicated no increased or decreased risk of GERD among individuals with intermediate or high frequency of physical activity, compared to low frequency. After adjustment for confounding, neither intermediate (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.46-1.22) nor high frequency of physical activity were followed by increased or decreased risk of GERD compared to low frequency among nonobese participants. Sleeping problems and high comorbidity were identified as potential confounders for overweight participants. In obese individuals, crude ORs were similar to the adjusted ORs and no particular confounding factors were identified. Intermediate frequency of physical activity was associated with a decreased occurrence of GERD compared to low frequency of physical activity (adjusted OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22-0.77). CONCLUSION: Intermediate frequency of physical activity might decrease the risk of GERD among obese individuals, while no influence of physical activity on GERD was found in non-obese people.展开更多
Exercise can enhance motivation to change lifestyle behaviors,improve aerobic fitness,improve physical function,control fatigue,and enhance quality of life.Studies have demonstrated the benefits to be gained from phys...Exercise can enhance motivation to change lifestyle behaviors,improve aerobic fitness,improve physical function,control fatigue,and enhance quality of life.Studies have demonstrated the benefits to be gained from physical exercise,highlighting the importance of popularizing the concept of physical exercise for individuals and making professional exercise-treatment programs available to patients with cancer.However,the correlation between physical exercise and carcinogenesis is easily overlooked,and exercise interventions are not routinely provided to patients with cancer,especially those with advanced cancer.In this article,we present a literature review of the effects of exercise on cancer development and progression and give recent evidence for the type of exercise best suited for different types of cancer and in different disease stages.Moreover,the molecular mechanisms about regulating metabolism and systemic immune function in cancer are summarized and discussed.In conclusion,physical exercise should be considered as an important intervention for preventing and treating cancer and its complications.展开更多
Background:The evidence concerning which physical exercise characteristics are most effective for older adults is fragmented.We aimed to characterize the extent of this diversity and inconsistency and identify future ...Background:The evidence concerning which physical exercise characteristics are most effective for older adults is fragmented.We aimed to characterize the extent of this diversity and inconsistency and identify future directions for research by undertaking a systematic review of metaanalyses of exercise interventions in older adults.Methods:We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,PsycInfo,MEDLINE,Embase,CINAHL,AMED,SPORTDiscus,and Web of Science for articles that met the following criteria:(1)meta-analyses that synthesized measures of improvement(e.g.,effect sizes)on any outcome identified in studies of exercise interventions;(2)participants in the studies meta-analyzed were adults aged 65+or had a mean age of 70+;(3)meta-analyses that included studies of any type of exercise,including its duration,frequency,intensity,and mode of delivery;(4)interventions that included multiple components(e.g.,exercise and cognitive stimulation),with effect sizes that were computed separately for the exercise component;and(5)meta-analyses that were published in any year or language.The characteristics of the reviews,of the interventions,and of the parameters improved through exercise were reported through narrative synthesis.Identification of the interventions linked to the largest improvements was carried out by identifying the highest values for improvement recorded across the reviews.The study included 56 meta-analyses that were heterogeneous in relation to population,sample size,settings,outcomes,and intervention characteristics.Results:The largest effect sizes for improvement were found for resistance training,meditative movement interventions,and exercise-based active videogames.Conclusion:The review identified important gaps in research,including a lack of studies investigating the benefits of group interventions,the characteristics of professionals delivering the interventions associated with better outcomes,and the impact of motivational strategies and of significant others(e.g.,carers)on intervention delivery and outcomes.展开更多
Age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)have become a critical public health issue due to the significantly extended human lifespan,leading to considerable economic and social burdens.T...Age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)have become a critical public health issue due to the significantly extended human lifespan,leading to considerable economic and social burdens.Traditional therapies for AD such as medicine and surgery remain ineffective,impractical,and expensive.Many studies have shown that a variety of bioactive substances released by physical exercise(called“exerkines”)help to maintain and improve the normal functions of the brain in terms of cognition,emotion,and psychomotor coordination.Increasing evidence suggests that exerkines may exert beneficial effects in AD as well.This review summarizes the neuroprotective effects of exerkines in AD,focusing on the underlying molecular mechanism and the dynamic expression of exerkines after physical exercise.The findings described in this review will help direct research into novel targets for the treatment of AD and develop customized exercise therapy for individuals of different ages,genders,and health conditions.展开更多
Objective:Physical exercise,a common non-drug intervention,is an important strategy in cancer treatment,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the mechanism remains largely unknown.Due to the importance of hy...Objective:Physical exercise,a common non-drug intervention,is an important strategy in cancer treatment,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the mechanism remains largely unknown.Due to the importance of hypoxia and cancer stemness in the development of HCC,the present study investigated whether the anti-HCC effect of physical exercise is related to its suppression on hypoxia and cancer stemness.Methods:A physical exercise intervention of swimming(30 min/d,5 d/week,for 4 weeks)was administered to BALB/c nude mice bearing subcutaneous human HCC tumor.The anti-HCC effect of swimming was assessed in vivo by tumor weight monitoring,hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,and immunohistochemistry(IHC)detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and Ki67.The expression of stemness transcription factors,including Nanog homeobox(NANOG),octamer-binding transcription factor 4(OCT-4),v-Myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog(C-MYC)and hypoxia-inducible factor-1a(HIF-1a),was detected using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.A hypoxia probe was used to explore the intratumoral hypoxia status.Western blot was used to detect the expression of HIF-1a and proteins related to protein kinase B(Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β)/β-catenin signaling pathway.The IHC analysis of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(CD31),and the immunofluorescence co-location of CD31 and desmin were used to analyze tumor blood perfusion.SMMC-7721 cells were treated with nude mice serum.The inhibition effect on cancer stemness in vitro was detected using suspension sphere experiments and the expression of stemness transcription factors.The hypoxia status was inferred by measuring the protein and mRNA levels of HIF-1a.Further,the expression of proteins related to Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway was detected.Results:Swimming significantly reduced the body weight and tumor weight in nude mice bearing HCC tumor.HE staining and IHC results showed a lower necrotic area ratio as well as fewer PCNA or Ki67 positive cells in mice receiving the swimming intervention.Swimming potently alleviated the intratumoral hypoxia,attenuated the cancer stemness,and inhibited the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.Additionally,the desmin+/CD31+ratio,rather than the number of CD31+vessels,was significantly increased in swimming-treated mice.In vitro experiments showed that treating cells with the serum from the swimming intervention mice significantly reduced the formation of SMMC-7721 cell suspension sphere,as well as the m RNA expression level of stemness transcription factors.Consistent with the in vivo results,HIF-1a and Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway were also inhibited in cells treated with serum from swimming group.Conclusion:Swimming alleviated hypoxia and attenuated cancer stemness in HCC,through suppression of the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.The alleviation of intratumoral hypoxia was related to the increase in blood perfusion in the tumor.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82072529(to HWHT)Key Laboratory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes,No.2021KSYS009(to HWHT)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2022M720907(to HHG)。
文摘Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity,particularly in aging brains.However,the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear.Adiponectin,a cell-secreted protein hormone,has recently been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and mediate the antidepressant effects of physical exercise.Studies on the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin have revealed potential innovative treatments for Alzheimer's disease.Here,we reviewed the functions of adiponectin and its receptor in the brains of human and animal models of cognitive impairment.We summarized the role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease,focusing on its impact on energy metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammation.We also discuss how exercise increases adiponectin secretion and its potential benefits for learning and memory.Finally,we highlight the latest research on chemical compounds that mimic exerciseenhanced secretion of adiponectin and its receptor in Alzheimer's disease.
文摘Morbid obesity is regarded as a disease due to excess body weight, causing a silence of life as a whole and entailing the most varied disabilities for the person, such as: physical, social, psychological, affective, etc. It represents cases of “public health”, thereby involving competent bodies in the development of solutions that encompass various medical specialties and other health fields, in addition to influencing the mind of these people, causing depression that, due to metabolic involvement, can evolve to the death of the individual. The participation of multidisciplinary health focuses on weight loss, freely and spontaneously, or on the indication of bariatric surgery. We know how difficult it is to lose weight. In order to achieve successful procedures, we recommend the “Obese Workshop” or pre- and post-surgical follow-ups close to the patients, with a view to avoiding recurrences or the “accordion effect” (very common), which can interfere with the Body Mass Index (BMI). Everyone, males and females, complained of tiredness and the impossibility of any physical exercise, even the lightest and simplest to be performed, in addition to the fact that they cannot attend gyms and are unable to open a simple door handle.
文摘A growing body of studies and systematic reviews show evidence of the beneficial effects of physical exercise on core symptoms of ADHD. Furthermore, studies indicate that physical exercise as an adjuvant can enhance the effects of medication in the treatment of ADHD. Aerobic and coordinative exercises improve executive functioning through their effect on neurocognitive domains that are implicated in ADHD. It is postulated that through their specific modus operandi, aerobic exercise, by raising cortical arousal levels, improves impaired alerting functions whereas coordinative exercises improve the regulation of inhibitory control through the involvement of a higher variety of frontal-dependent cognitive processes. The increasing use of routine neurocognitive testing with continuous performance tests (CPT), such as the QbTest, at clinical assessments for ADHD allows for an innovative approach to identify the assessment impairments in alerting function and inhibition control that are related to ADHD and accordingly choose aerobic or coordinative physical exercise in a more targeted fashion.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82104525Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resource Chemistry of Hainan Province,No.rdzw2024s01.
文摘This article is based on a recent bibliometric analysis of research progress on liver aging.The liver is notable for its extraordinary ability to rejuvenate,thereby safeguarding and maintaining the organism’s integrity.With advancing age,there is a noteworthy reduction in both the liver’s size and blood circulation.Furthermore,the wide range of physiological alterations driven on by aging may foster the development of illnesses.Previous studies indicate that liver aging is linked to impaired lipid metabolism and abnormal gene expression associated with chronic inflammation.Factors such as mitochondrial dysfunction and telomere shortening accumulate,which may result in increased hepatic steatosis,which impacts liver regeneration,metabolism,and other functions.Knowing the structural and functional changes could help elderly adults delay liver aging.Increasing public awareness of anti-aging interventions is essential.Besides the use of dietary supplements,alterations in lifestyle,including changes in dietary habits and physical exercise routines,are the most efficacious means to decelerate the aging process of the liver.This article highlights recent advances in the mechanism research of liver aging and summarizes the promising intervention options to delay liver aging for preventing related diseases.
文摘This article comments on the work by Soresi and Giannitrapani.The authors have stated that one of the most novel and promising treatments for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease(MASLD)is the use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists,especially when used in combination therapy.However,despite their notable efficacy,these drugs were not initially designed to target MASLD directly.In a groundbreaking development,the Food and Drug Administration has recently approved resmetirom,the first treatment specifically aimed at reducing liver fibrosis in metabolic-associated steatohepatitis.Resmetirom,an orally administered,liver-directed thyroid hormone beta-selective agonist,acts directly on intrahepatic pathways,enhancing its therapeutic potential and marking the beginning of a new era in the treatment of MASLD.Furthermore,the integration of lifestyle modifications into liver disease management is an essential component that should be considered and reinforced.By incorporating dietary changes and regular physical exercise into treatment,patients may achieve improved outcomes,reducing the need for pharmacological interventions and/or improving treatment efficacy.As a complement to medical therapies,lifestyle factors should not be overlooked in the broader strategy for managing MASLD.
基金supported by Project of the Health Shanghai Initiative Special Fund(Medical-Sports Integration,Creating a New Model of Exercise for Health),No.JKSHZX-2022-02(to SC).
文摘Recent research has demonstrated the impact of physical activity on the prognosis of glioma patients,with evidence suggesting exercise may reduce mortality risks and aid neural regeneration.The role of the small ubiquitin-like modifier(SUMO)protein,especially post-exercise,in cancer progression,is gaining attention,as are the potential anti-cancer effects of SUMOylation.We used machine learning to create the exercise and SUMO-related gene signature(ESLRS).This signature shows how physical activity might help improve the outlook for low-grade glioma and other cancers.We demonstrated the prognostic and immunotherapeutic significance of ESLRS markers,specifically highlighting how murine double minute 2(MDM2),a component of the ESLRS,can be targeted by nutlin-3.This underscores the intricate relationship between natural compounds such as nutlin-3 and immune regulation.Using comprehensive CRISPR screening,we validated the effects of specific ESLRS genes on low-grade glioma progression.We also revealed insights into the effectiveness of Nutlin-3a as a potent MDM2 inhibitor through molecular docking and dynamic simulation.Nutlin-3a inhibited glioma cell proliferation and activated the p53 pathway.Its efficacy decreased with MDM2 overexpression,and this was reversed by Nutlin-3a or exercise.Experiments using a low-grade glioma mouse model highlighted the effect of physical activity on oxidative stress and molecular pathway regulation.Notably,both physical exercise and Nutlin-3a administration improved physical function in mice bearing tumors derived from MDM2-overexpressing cells.These results suggest the potential for Nutlin-3a,an MDM2 inhibitor,with physical exercise as a therapeutic approach for glioma management.Our research also supports the use of natural products for therapy and sheds light on the interaction of exercise,natural products,and immune regulation in cancer treatment.
基金supported by the InnoHK Initiative and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government, China (to SYY)。
文摘Physical exercise is recognized as an effective intervention to improve mood,physical performance,and general well-being.It achieves these benefits through cellular and molecular mechanisms that promote the release of neuroprotective factors.Interestingly,reduced levels of physical exercise have been implicated in several central nervous system diseases,including ocular disorders.Emerging evidence has suggested that physical exercise levels are significantly lower in individuals with ocular diseases such as glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration,retinitis pigmentosa,and diabetic retinopathy.Physical exercise may have a neuroprotective effect on the retina.Therefore,the association between reduced physical exercise and ocular diseases may involve a bidirectional causal relationship whereby visual impairment leads to reduced physical exercise and decreased exercise exacerbates the development of ocular disease.In this review,we summarize the evidence linking physical exercise to eye disease and identify potential mediators of physical exercise-induced retinal neuroprotection.Finally,we discuss future directions for preclinical and clinical research in exercise and eye health.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271062 and 82305117)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou,China(2023A04J0458)+1 种基金Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases(2023KT15524)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M751343).
文摘The health benefits of physical exercise are well established and have been observed in both human studies and rodent models[1],improving overall health and stress resilience.However,the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been comprehensively investigated.Previous studies have focused extensively on its neuromodulatory effects and have also identified multiple exercise-associated molecular substrates and blood-borne metabolites,including neurotrophic factors,monoamine neurotransmitters,neuroinflammatory cytokines,kynurenine,N-lactoylphenylalanine,and the ketone bodyβ-hydroxybutyrate[2].Notably,lactate,a common energy source derived from cellular glycolysis in response to intensive exercise,has recently been reported to exert antidepressant activity[3].However,a detailed mechanistic explanation is lacking.
基金funded by the Liaoning province Department of Education fund(LJKZ0651)the scientific research fund project of Liaoning provincial department of education(LJKZ0430)the Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Liaoning Province(2023JH6/100500010)。
文摘The prevalence of high blood pressure is on the rise among younger individuals,and recent findings have linked exercise to changes in the diversity and configuration of gut microbiota.However,specific modifications to one's diet,such as incorporating blueberries while engaging in physical activity,can also influence this association.To explore the effects of exercise and blueberry consumption on gut bacteria,we conducted an 8-week study involving healthy and hypertensive college students.Our microbiome analysis revealed slight shifts in gut bacteria composition in response to increased physical activity,with significant changes in the diversity of the g_[Eubacterium]_eligens_group observed in hypertensive college students who regularly consumed blueberries.Although exercise and blueberry supplementation had a negligible impact on the gut microbiota diversity of healthy college students,it significantly boosted the production of butyric acid bacteria in hypertensive young adults.These results suggest that the changes in gut bacteria variety and abundance brought about by blueberries may be tied to alterations in the body composition of patients with hypertension.This study aims to reveal the impact of blueberry on the hypertensive students from a unique perspective,suggesting the impact of taking blueberry while taking exercises.
文摘Subjective well-being is a key indicator of quality of life and a crucial factor for successful aging among older adults.However,few studies have explored the subjective well-being among older adults from the perspective of digital literacy.Therefore,this study explores the relationship between digital literacy and subjective well-being using data on 4270 older adults from the 2020 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)dataset.PROCESS mediation analysis results indicated digital literacy is associated with higher subjective well-being among the older adults.Digital literacy was associated with the frequency of physical exercise and consumption.Moreover,Digital literacy can also enhance the subjective well-being among older adults by increasing the frequency of physical exercise,and consumption,and a chain mediator subjective well-being.These findings align with the theoretical framework of digital health literacy.Theory which posits that health information obtained through digital literacy can help older adults better engage in healthy lifestyles,thereby enhancing their quality of life.These findings hold significant practical implications for enhancing the subjective well-being among older adults and advancing the development of successful aging.
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),comprising Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,represents the two predominant clinical entities within this spectrum of gastrointestinal disorders.Current evidence indicates that the etiology of IBD is multifactorial,involving a complex interplay between host genetic susceptibility and environmental determinants.In recent years,non-pharmacological strategies such as physical exercise and vagus nerve stimulation have gained increasing attention as adjunctive therapeutic approaches.Vagus nerve stimulation has emerged as a promising therapeutic modality,particularly in conditions characterized by autonomic dysfunction and diminished vagal tone.Conversely,vagotomy,by disrupting vagal control,abolishes parasympathetic reflexes and may potentiate inflammatory responses and exacerbate IBD symptomatology under stress conditions.Physical exercise has likewise been investigated as a non-pharmacological intervention in Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Although the precise mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated,accumulating evidence suggests that skeletal muscle contractions promote the secretion of myokines,with recognized anti-inflammatory properties.These myokines act on the intestinal microenvironment,conferring protection against malignant transformation and modulating the composition and function of the gut microbiota.In this review,we critically examine the interplay between physical exercise,vagus nerve stimulation,and vagotomy in the pathophysiology and management of IBD,with particular emphasis on their immunomodulatory and therapeutic potential.
文摘In recent years,insufficient physical activity has coincided with suboptimal health among university students.Drawing on the Suboptimal Health Status(SHS)framework,this study surveyed 314 students from multiple provinces/municipalities in China.Physical activity was assessed with a physical activity level scale,and health status with the Sub-Health Measurement Scale Version 1.0(SHMS V1.0).Correlation and multiple regression analyses were used to test associations.Physical exercise was positively associated with overall health(r=0.515,p<0.001)and,after adjusting for sex,only-child status,and place of origin,remained a signifi cant predictor of better health(β=0.515,t=10.512,p<0.001).Sex was associated with exercise level,whereas other demographic variables showed no signifi cant eff ects on health status.These fi ndings suggest that promoting moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and campus sport participation may improve students’physiological,psychological,and social adaptation,providing practical guidance for health promotion and exercise prescription in higher education.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82225005, 82020108002 to JX,82200321 to QZ)Science and Technology Commission of ShanghaiMunicipality(23410750100,20DZ2255400,, 21XD1421300 to JX)+1 种基金the“Dawn”Program of Shanghai Educa-tion Commission(19SG34 to JX)Shanghai Sailing Program(21YF1413200 to QZ).
文摘Background:Exercise induces molecular changes that involve multiple organs and tissues.Moreover,these changes are modulated by various exercise parameters—such as intensity,frequency,mode,and duration—as well as by clinical features like gender,age,and body mass index(BMI),each eliciting distinct biological effects.To assist exercise researchers in understanding these changes from a comprehensive perspective that includes multiple organs,diverse exercise regimens,and a range of clinical features,we developed Exercise Regulated Genes Database(ExerGeneDB),a database of exercise-regulated differential genes.Methods:ExerGeneDB aggregated publicly available exercise-related sequencing datasets and subjected them to uniform quality control and preprocessing.The data,encompassing a variety of types,were organized into a specialized database of exercise-regulated genes.Notably,Exer-GeneDB conducted differential analyses on this collected data,leveraging curated clinical information and accounting for important factors such as gender,age,and BMI.Results:ExerGeneDB has assembled 1692 samples from rats and mice as well as 4492 human samples.It contains data from various tissues and organs,such as skeletal muscle,blood,adipose tissue,intestine,heart,liver,spleen,lungs,kidneys,brain,spinal cord,bone marrow,and bones.ExerGeneDB features bulk ribonucleic acid sequencing(RNA-seq)(including non-coding RNA(ncRNA)and protein-coding RNA),microarray(including ncRNA and protein-coding RNA),and single cell RNA-seq data.Conclusion:ExerGeneDB compiles and re-analyzes exercise-related data with a focus on clinical information.This has culminated in the crea-tion of an interactive database for exercise regulation genes.The website for ExerGeneDB can be found at:https://exergenedb.com.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai,No.17ZR1431400National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2017YFA0103902.
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)without special drugs shows symptoms of liver fat accumulation and steatosis in patients without alcohol intake.Ultrasound evaluation is a critical method in the early diagnosis of NAFLD stages as well as image processing and should be encouraged.Olive oil is an important component of the Mediterranean diet and has a beneficial role in the prevention of NAFLD progression.Physical activity and exercise can have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects to reduce liver fat and body weight via regulation of mitochondrial capacity in the development of NAFLD.Both the Mediterranean diet and physical exercise should be combined to achieve the ideal fat content reduction and weight loss in patients with NAFLD.
基金supported by Hong Kong Health and Medical Research FundLeading Talents of Guangdong(2013)+3 种基金Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(B14036)Project of International,as well as Hong Kong,Macao&Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Innovation Platform in Universities in Guangdong Province,China(2013gjhz0002)grants to Jinan University Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Cooperation and Innovation Center for Tissue Regeneration and RepairState Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,Hong Kong SAR,China
文摘Psychological depression is drawing accumulating attention nowadays, due to the skyrocketing incidence worldwide and the enormous burdens it incurs. Physical exercise has been long recog- nized for its therapeutic effects on depressive disorders, although knowledge of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. Suppressed hippocampal neurogenesis in adult brains has been regarded, at least partly, contributive to depression, whereas physical exercise that restores neuro- genesis accordingly exerts the anti-depressive action. Several recent publications have suggested the potential role of adiponectin, a protein hormone secreted by peripheral mature adipocytes, in mediating physical exercise-triggered enhancement of hippocampal neurogenesis and alleviation of depression. Here, we briefly review these novel findings and discuss the possibility of counter- acting depression by modulating adiponectin signaling in the hippocampus with interventions including physical exercise and administration of pharmacological agents.
基金Supported by The Swedish Research CouncilThe Swedish Cancer SocietyThe Cancer Society in Stockholm
文摘AIM: To clarify the association between physical activity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in nonobese and obese people. METHODS: A Swedish population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. Participants aged 40-79 years were randomly selected from the Swedish Registry of the Total Population. Data on physical activity, GERD, body mass index (BMI) and the covariates age, gender, comorbidity, education, sleeping problems, and tobacco smoking were obtained using validated questionnaires. GERD was self-reported and defined as heartburn or regurgitation at least once weekly, and having at least moderate problems from such symptoms. Frequency of physical activity was categorized into three groups: (1) "high" (several times/week); (2) "intermediate" (approximately once weekly); and (3) "low" (1-3 times/mo or less). Analyses were stratified for participants with "normal weight" (BMI < 25 kg/m 2 ), "overweight" (BMI 25 to ≤ 30 kg/m 2 ) and "obese" (BMI > 30 kg/m 2 ). Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential confounding by covariates. RESULTS: Of 6969 eligible and randomly selected individuals, 4910 (70.5%) participated. High frequency of physical activity was reported by 2463 (50%) participants, GERD was identified in 472 (10%) participants, and obesity was found in 680 (14%). There were 226 (5%) individuals with missing information about BMI. Normal weight, overweight and obese participants were similar regarding distribution of gender and tobacco smoking status, while obese participants were on average slightly older, had fewer years of education, more comorbidity, slightly more sleeping problems, lower frequency of physical activity, and higher occurrence of GERD. Among the 2146 normal-weight participants, crude point estimates indicated a decreased risk of GERD among individuals with high frequency of physical activity (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39-0.89), compared to low frequency of physical activity. However, after adjustment for potential confounding factors, neither intermediate (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.75-2.26) nor high (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.62-1.60) frequency of physical activity was followed by decreased risk of GERD. Sleeping problems and high comorbidity were identified as potential confounders. Among the 1859 overweight participants, crude point estimates indicated no increased or decreased risk of GERD among individuals with intermediate or high frequency of physical activity, compared to low frequency. After adjustment for confounding, neither intermediate (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.46-1.22) nor high frequency of physical activity were followed by increased or decreased risk of GERD compared to low frequency among nonobese participants. Sleeping problems and high comorbidity were identified as potential confounders for overweight participants. In obese individuals, crude ORs were similar to the adjusted ORs and no particular confounding factors were identified. Intermediate frequency of physical activity was associated with a decreased occurrence of GERD compared to low frequency of physical activity (adjusted OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22-0.77). CONCLUSION: Intermediate frequency of physical activity might decrease the risk of GERD among obese individuals, while no influence of physical activity on GERD was found in non-obese people.
文摘Exercise can enhance motivation to change lifestyle behaviors,improve aerobic fitness,improve physical function,control fatigue,and enhance quality of life.Studies have demonstrated the benefits to be gained from physical exercise,highlighting the importance of popularizing the concept of physical exercise for individuals and making professional exercise-treatment programs available to patients with cancer.However,the correlation between physical exercise and carcinogenesis is easily overlooked,and exercise interventions are not routinely provided to patients with cancer,especially those with advanced cancer.In this article,we present a literature review of the effects of exercise on cancer development and progression and give recent evidence for the type of exercise best suited for different types of cancer and in different disease stages.Moreover,the molecular mechanisms about regulating metabolism and systemic immune function in cancer are summarized and discussed.In conclusion,physical exercise should be considered as an important intervention for preventing and treating cancer and its complications.
基金funded by the National Institute for Health Research(NIHR)under its Programme Grants for Applied Research Programme(Reference Number RP-PG-0614-20007)。
文摘Background:The evidence concerning which physical exercise characteristics are most effective for older adults is fragmented.We aimed to characterize the extent of this diversity and inconsistency and identify future directions for research by undertaking a systematic review of metaanalyses of exercise interventions in older adults.Methods:We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,PsycInfo,MEDLINE,Embase,CINAHL,AMED,SPORTDiscus,and Web of Science for articles that met the following criteria:(1)meta-analyses that synthesized measures of improvement(e.g.,effect sizes)on any outcome identified in studies of exercise interventions;(2)participants in the studies meta-analyzed were adults aged 65+or had a mean age of 70+;(3)meta-analyses that included studies of any type of exercise,including its duration,frequency,intensity,and mode of delivery;(4)interventions that included multiple components(e.g.,exercise and cognitive stimulation),with effect sizes that were computed separately for the exercise component;and(5)meta-analyses that were published in any year or language.The characteristics of the reviews,of the interventions,and of the parameters improved through exercise were reported through narrative synthesis.Identification of the interventions linked to the largest improvements was carried out by identifying the highest values for improvement recorded across the reviews.The study included 56 meta-analyses that were heterogeneous in relation to population,sample size,settings,outcomes,and intervention characteristics.Results:The largest effect sizes for improvement were found for resistance training,meditative movement interventions,and exercise-based active videogames.Conclusion:The review identified important gaps in research,including a lack of studies investigating the benefits of group interventions,the characteristics of professionals delivering the interventions associated with better outcomes,and the impact of motivational strategies and of significant others(e.g.,carers)on intervention delivery and outcomes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82071372(to AL)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China,No.2021A1515011231(to AL)+1 种基金Outstanding Scholar Program of Bioland Laboratory(Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory)of China,No.2018GZR110102002(to KFS and AL)Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China,No.202007030012(to KFS and AL).
文摘Age-related neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD)have become a critical public health issue due to the significantly extended human lifespan,leading to considerable economic and social burdens.Traditional therapies for AD such as medicine and surgery remain ineffective,impractical,and expensive.Many studies have shown that a variety of bioactive substances released by physical exercise(called“exerkines”)help to maintain and improve the normal functions of the brain in terms of cognition,emotion,and psychomotor coordination.Increasing evidence suggests that exerkines may exert beneficial effects in AD as well.This review summarizes the neuroprotective effects of exerkines in AD,focusing on the underlying molecular mechanism and the dynamic expression of exerkines after physical exercise.The findings described in this review will help direct research into novel targets for the treatment of AD and develop customized exercise therapy for individuals of different ages,genders,and health conditions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104977)Youth Start-up Foundation of Changhai Hospital(No.2019QNB05)。
文摘Objective:Physical exercise,a common non-drug intervention,is an important strategy in cancer treatment,including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).However,the mechanism remains largely unknown.Due to the importance of hypoxia and cancer stemness in the development of HCC,the present study investigated whether the anti-HCC effect of physical exercise is related to its suppression on hypoxia and cancer stemness.Methods:A physical exercise intervention of swimming(30 min/d,5 d/week,for 4 weeks)was administered to BALB/c nude mice bearing subcutaneous human HCC tumor.The anti-HCC effect of swimming was assessed in vivo by tumor weight monitoring,hematoxylin and eosin(HE)staining,and immunohistochemistry(IHC)detection of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and Ki67.The expression of stemness transcription factors,including Nanog homeobox(NANOG),octamer-binding transcription factor 4(OCT-4),v-Myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog(C-MYC)and hypoxia-inducible factor-1a(HIF-1a),was detected using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.A hypoxia probe was used to explore the intratumoral hypoxia status.Western blot was used to detect the expression of HIF-1a and proteins related to protein kinase B(Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase-3β(GSK-3β)/β-catenin signaling pathway.The IHC analysis of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1(CD31),and the immunofluorescence co-location of CD31 and desmin were used to analyze tumor blood perfusion.SMMC-7721 cells were treated with nude mice serum.The inhibition effect on cancer stemness in vitro was detected using suspension sphere experiments and the expression of stemness transcription factors.The hypoxia status was inferred by measuring the protein and mRNA levels of HIF-1a.Further,the expression of proteins related to Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway was detected.Results:Swimming significantly reduced the body weight and tumor weight in nude mice bearing HCC tumor.HE staining and IHC results showed a lower necrotic area ratio as well as fewer PCNA or Ki67 positive cells in mice receiving the swimming intervention.Swimming potently alleviated the intratumoral hypoxia,attenuated the cancer stemness,and inhibited the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.Additionally,the desmin+/CD31+ratio,rather than the number of CD31+vessels,was significantly increased in swimming-treated mice.In vitro experiments showed that treating cells with the serum from the swimming intervention mice significantly reduced the formation of SMMC-7721 cell suspension sphere,as well as the m RNA expression level of stemness transcription factors.Consistent with the in vivo results,HIF-1a and Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway were also inhibited in cells treated with serum from swimming group.Conclusion:Swimming alleviated hypoxia and attenuated cancer stemness in HCC,through suppression of the Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling pathway.The alleviation of intratumoral hypoxia was related to the increase in blood perfusion in the tumor.
