The transition of the barrier-type thyristor （BTH） from blocking to conducting-state occurs between two entirely contrary physical states with great disparity in nature. The physical effects and mechanisms of the tr...The transition of the barrier-type thyristor （BTH） from blocking to conducting-state occurs between two entirely contrary physical states with great disparity in nature. The physical effects and mechanisms of the transition are studied in depth. The features of the transition snapback point are analyzed in detail. The transition snapback point has duality and is just the position where the barrier is flattened. It has a significant influence on the capture crosssection of the hole and high-level hole lifetime, resulting in the device entering into deep base conductance modulation. The physical nature of the negative differential resistance segment I-V characteristics is studied. It is testified by using experimental data that the deep conductance modulation is the basic feature and the linchpin of the transition process. The conditions and physical mechanisms of conductance modulation are investigated. The related physical subjects, including the flattening of the channel barrier, the buildup of the double injection, the formation of the plasma, the realization of the high-level injection, the elimination of the gate junction depletion region, the deep conductance modulation, and the increase in the hole＇s lifetime are all discussed in this paper.展开更多
Phased-Mission Systems(PMS)are widely applied in aerospace,telecommunication and intelligent systems for multiple,consecutive and non-overlapping phases of missions.The phasedependent stresses and system structure cau...Phased-Mission Systems(PMS)are widely applied in aerospace,telecommunication and intelligent systems for multiple,consecutive and non-overlapping phases of missions.The phasedependent stresses and system structure cause some difficulties to the reliability analysis of PMSs.In this paper,we analyze the physical isolation effects on the degradation speeds and across-phase damage accumulations of failure mechanisms.And,some corresponding reliability and unreliability formulas are derived.Besides,a hierarchical Binary Decision Diagram(BDD)-based modeling method is proposed for incorporating functional and physical isolation effects into BDD models,and the analytical method with phase algebras is introduced for studying the failure behavior of PMS with functional dependence.In the case study,we evaluate the collision avoidance system of a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle as an example to demonstrate the proposed modeling and analysis method.Results show that the physical isolation effects have significant influences on the degradations of components,which deserves detailed analysis for a more practical and realistic PMS’s failure behavior.展开更多
To investigate the effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake, digestibility, chewing, and performance, nine lactating Holstein dairy cows （day in milk= 100±21 d; body weight=645.7 ± 26.5 kg） ...To investigate the effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake, digestibility, chewing, and performance, nine lactating Holstein dairy cows （day in milk= 100±21 d; body weight=645.7 ± 26.5 kg） were allotted to a 3 × 3 Latin square design at three 23-d periods. The three treatments included 34.91% （B）, 18.87% （BC）, and 18.86% （BB） barley that in treatment B was partially replaced with only corn or corn plus beet pulp in treatments BC and BB, respectively. The concentration of starch and neutral detergent soluble carbohydrate varied （22.2, 20.2, and 14.5; 13.6, 15.9, and 20.1% of DM in treatments B, BC, and BB, respectively）. Cows in treatment BB showed a higher DMI and improved digestibility of DM, NDF, and EE compared with treatments B or BC Ruminal pH was higher in cows fed on BB （6.83） compared with those that received B or BC treatments （6.62 and 6.73, respectively）. A lower proportion of propionate accompanied the higher pH in the BB group; however, a greater proportion of acetate and acetate： propionate ratio was observed compared with cows fed either on the B or BC diet. Moreover, cows fed on the BB diet showed the lowest ruminal passage rate and longest ruminal and total retention time. Eating time did not differ among treatments, rumination time was greater among cows fed on the BB diet compared with the others, whereas total chewing activity was greater than those fed on BC, but similar to those fed on B. The treatments showed no effect on milk yield. Partially replacing barley with corn or beet pulp resulted in an increase in milk fat and a lower protein concentration. Changing dietary NFC with that of a different degradability thus altered intake, chewing activity, ruminal environment, retention time or passage rate, and lactation performance. The results of this study showed that beet pulp with a higher NDF and a detergent-soluble carbohydrate or pectin established a more consistent ruminal mat than barley and corn, thus resulting in higher mean retention time and chewing activity, whereas no changes in 3.5% ECM and milk fat were observed.展开更多
Using the form factors from light-cone sum rules, we study the branching ratios and forward-backward asymmetries （FBAs） of the exclusive decays Bu^＋→π^＋e^＋e^- and Bu^＋ →ρ^＋e^＋e^- （e= e,μ） in the standar...Using the form factors from light-cone sum rules, we study the branching ratios and forward-backward asymmetries （FBAs） of the exclusive decays Bu^＋→π^＋e^＋e^- and Bu^＋ →ρ^＋e^＋e^- （e= e,μ） in the standard model （SM） and the top quark two-Higgs-doublet model （T2HDM）. From the numerical results, we find that the new physics contributions cannot provide very large enhancement to the branching ratios and the theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the SM ones. The T2HDM effects on FBAs of these decays are small. Precision measurements of the dilepton invariant mass distributions, especially in the lower dilepton mass region, and the FBAs in the decays Bu^＋ → π^＋ （ρ^＋ ）e^＋ e^- will greatly help in discriminating among the SM and the new physics models.展开更多
We calculate the new physics contributions to the neutral Bd^o and Ba^o meson mass splitting △Md and △Ma induced by the box diagrams involving the charged-Higgs bosons in the top quark two-Higgs doublet model （T2HD...We calculate the new physics contributions to the neutral Bd^o and Ba^o meson mass splitting △Md and △Ma induced by the box diagrams involving the charged-Higgs bosons in the top quark two-Higgs doublet model （T2HDM）. Using the precision data, we obtain the bounds on the parameter space of the T2HDM： （a） For fixed MH = 400 GeV and 5= [0°, 60°], the upper bound on tan β is tan β≤ 30 after the inclusion of major theoretical uncertainties; （b） For the case of tan β≤ 20, a light charged Higgs boson with a mass around 300 GeV is allowed; and （c） The bounds on tan β and MH are strongly correlated： a smaller （larger） tan β means a lighter （heavier） charged Higgs boson.展开更多
The MOSFETs are built on SIMOX material, the chide positive charge, interface state, threshold voltage and leakage current of MOSFETs/SOI after 60Co-rirradiation are measured with I-V technique. The results indicate t...The MOSFETs are built on SIMOX material, the chide positive charge, interface state, threshold voltage and leakage current of MOSFETs/SOI after 60Co-rirradiation are measured with I-V technique. The results indicate that the accumulation rate of chide charge density is more than that of interface state density in dose range of 0-3×104Gy (Si), and the 'on' radiation bias is worst case for NMOSFET and PMOSFET.展开更多
The anisotropic physical property is the most noteworthy feature of crystals.In this paper,the subscript change method is used to analyze the sign changes of different tensors describing physical properties in uniaxia...The anisotropic physical property is the most noteworthy feature of crystals.In this paper,the subscript change method is used to analyze the sign changes of different tensors describing physical properties in uniaxial crystals.The distribution of some physical properties in special point groups exhibits non-symmetry in eight quadrants,which should attract the attention of crystal research.The difference between the crystallographic and physical coordinate systems and the lack of crystal symmetry operations are considered to be the origins of the non-symmetry.To avoid ambiguities and difficulties in characterizing and applying crystal physical properties,eight quadrants in space should be clarified.Hence,we proposed the use of piezoelectric properties to define the positive direction of the optical coordinate axis prior to the research and applications of optical properties.展开更多
By means of a representation of the elementary objects by the Lagrange density and by the commutators of the communication relations, correlations can be formed using the Fourier transform, which under the conditions ...By means of a representation of the elementary objects by the Lagrange density and by the commutators of the communication relations, correlations can be formed using the Fourier transform, which under the conditions of the Hamilton principle, describes correlation structures of the elementary objects with oscillator properties. The correlation structures obtained in this way are characterized by physical information, the essential component of which is the action. The correlation structures describe the physical properties and their interactions under the sole condition of the Hamilton’s principle. The structure, the properties and the interactions of elementary objects can be led back in this way to a fundamental four dimensional structure, which is therefore in their different modifications the building block of nature. With the presented method, an alternative interpretation of elementary physical effects to quantum mechanics is obtained. This report provides an overview of the fundamentals and statements of physical information theory and its consequences for understanding the nature of elementary objects.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)with high energy densities have been demonstrated the potential for energy-intensive demand applications.However,their commercial applicability is hampered by hysteretic electrode reactio...Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)with high energy densities have been demonstrated the potential for energy-intensive demand applications.However,their commercial applicability is hampered by hysteretic electrode reaction kinetics and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs).In this work,an interlayer consisting of high-entropy metal oxide(Cu_(0.7)Fe_(0.6)Mn_(0.4)Ni_(0.6)Sn_(0.5))O_(4) grown on carbon nanofibers(HEO/CNFs)is designed for LSBs.The CNFs with highly porous networks provide transport pathways for Li^(+) and e^(-),as well as a physical sieve effect to limit LiPSs crossover.In particular,the grapevine-like HEO nanoparticles generate metal-sulfur bonds with LiPSs,efficiently anchoring active materials.The unique structure and function of the interlayer enable the LSBs with superior electrochemical performance,i.e.,the high specific capacity of 1381 mAh g^(-1) at 0.1 C and 561 mAh g^(-1) at 6 C.This work presents a facile strategy for exploiting high-performance LSBs.展开更多
Thirty-two primiparous and 31 multiparous Alpine goats were used to determine influences of diets varying in level and source of forage on performance in early to mid-lactation for 16 wk.Diets consisted of 40%,50%,60%...Thirty-two primiparous and 31 multiparous Alpine goats were used to determine influences of diets varying in level and source of forage on performance in early to mid-lactation for 16 wk.Diets consisted of 40%,50%,60%,and 70%forage(designated as 40F,50F,60F,and 70F,respectively)with 60F and 70F containing coarsely ground grass hay(primarily orchardgrass)and 40F and 50F containing cottonseed hulls,alfalfa pellets,and coarsely ground wheat hay.Diets contained 15.9%to 16.3%crude protein and 37.8%,42.1%,53.5%,and 55.4%neutral detergent fiber(NDF)with 10.0%,15.8%,50.1%,and 55.5%particle retention on a 19-mm sieve,and 26.1%,29.6%,38.3%,and 40.0%physically effective NDF(peNDF)for 40F,50F,60F,and 70F,respectively.Dry matter intake(2.71,2.75,1.96,and 1.95 kg/d)and milk yield(2.82,2.71,2.23,and 2.10 kg/d for 40F,50F,60F,and 70F,respectively)were lower(P<0.05)for the two diets highest in forage.Digestion of organic matter was similar among diets(P>0.05),but digestibility of NDF was greater(P<0.05)for 60F and 70F(57.5%,58.4%,68.9%,and 72.2%for 40F,50F,60F,and 70F,respectively).Diet affected(P<0.05)milk fat(3.16%,3.37%,2.93%,and 2.97%)and protein concentrations(2.62%,2.69%,2.58%,and 2.52%for 40F,50F,60F,and 70F,respectively).Milk energy yield was greater(P<0.05)for the two diets lowest in forage(7.51,7.45,5.68,and 5.34 MJ/d),although yield relative to dry matter intake was not affected(P>0.05)by diet and was lower(P<0.05)for primiparous vs.multip-arous goats(2.71 and 3.09 MJ/kg).Ruminal pH and acetate proportion were greater for 60F and 70F than for the other diets and the proportion of butyrate was lower for the two diets highest in fiber.The mean lengths of time spent ruminating,eating,standing,and lying were not affected(P>0.05)by diet or parity,but many interactions involving diet,period,hour,and parity were significant(P<0.05).In conclusion,lactational performance of Alpine goats in early to mid-lactation will be constrained with diets high in forage of moderate quality,peNDF content,and large particle size,which appeared related to limited feed intake.展开更多
We exploit theoretically a class of rectangular cylindrical devices for noise shielding by using acoustic metamateriais. The function of noise shielding is justified by both the far-field and near-field full-wave simu...We exploit theoretically a class of rectangular cylindrical devices for noise shielding by using acoustic metamateriais. The function of noise shielding is justified by both the far-field and near-field full-wave simulations based on the finite element method. The enlargement of equivalent acoustic scattering cross sections is revealed to be the physical mechanism for this function. This work makes it possible to design a window with both noise shielding and air flow.展开更多
Many of the sedimentary basins in western China were formed through the superposition and compounding of at least two previously developed sedimentary basins and in general they can be termed as complex superimposed b...Many of the sedimentary basins in western China were formed through the superposition and compounding of at least two previously developed sedimentary basins and in general they can be termed as complex superimposed basins. The distinct differences between these basins and monotype basins are their discontinuous stratigraphic sedimentation, stratigraphic structure and stratigraphic stress-strain action over geological history. Based on the correlation of chronological age on structural sections, superimposed basins can be divided into five types in this study： （1） continuous sedimentation type superimposed basins, （2） middle and late stratigraphic superimposed basins, （3） early and late stratigraphic superimposed basins, （4） early and middle stratigraphic superimposed basins, and （5） long-term exposed superimposed basins. Multiple source-reservoir-caprock assemblages have developed in such basins. In addition, multi-stage hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, multiple sources, polycyclic hydrocarbon accumulation and multiple-type hydrocarbon reservoirs adjustment, reformation and destruction have occurred in these basins. The complex reservoirs that have been discovered widely in the superimposed basins to date have remarkably different geologic features from primary reservoirs, and the root causes of this are folding, denudation and the fracture effect caused by multiphase tectonic events in the superimposed basins as well as associated seepage, diffusion, spilling, oxidation, degradation and cracking. Based on their genesis characteristics, complex reservoirs are divided into five categories： （1） primary reservoirs, （2） trap adjustment type reservoirs, （3） component variant reservoirs, （4） phase conversion type reservoirs and （5） scale-reformed reservoirs.展开更多
Based on the dynamic framework of WRF and Morrison 2-moment explicit cloud scheme, a salt-seeding scheme was developed and used to simulate the dissipation of a warm fog event during 6–7 November 2009 in the Beijing ...Based on the dynamic framework of WRF and Morrison 2-moment explicit cloud scheme, a salt-seeding scheme was developed and used to simulate the dissipation of a warm fog event during 6–7 November 2009 in the Beijing and Tianjin area. The seeding effect and its physical mechanism were studied. The results indicate that when seeding fog with salt particles sized 80 μm and at a quantity of 6 gm^（-2） at the fog top, the seeding effect near the ground surface layer is negative in the beginning period, and then a positive seeding effect begins to appear at 18 min, with the best effect appearing at 21 min after seeding operation. The positive effect can last about 35 min. The microphysical mechanism of the warm fog dissipation is because of the evaporation due to the water vapor condensation on the salt particles and coalescence with salt particles.The process of fog water coalescence with salt particles contributed mostly to this warm fog dissipation. Furthermore, two series of sensitivity experiments were performed to study the seeding effect under different seeding amounts and salt particles sizes. The results show that seeding fog with salt particles sized of 80 μm can have the best seeding effect, and the seeding effect is negative when the salt particle size is less than 10 μm. For salt particles sized 80 μm, the best seeding effect, with corresponding visibility of 380 m, can be achieved when the seeding amount is 30 g m^（-2）.展开更多
A numerical model of thermoelectric module （TEM） is created by academic analysis,and the impacts of the resistance ratio and thermoelement size on the output power and thermoelectric efficiency of the TEM are analyz...A numerical model of thermoelectric module （TEM） is created by academic analysis,and the impacts of the resistance ratio and thermoelement size on the output power and thermoelectric efficiency of the TEM are analyzed by the MATLAB numerical calculation.The numerical model is validated by the ANSYS thermal,electrical,and structural coupling simulation.The effects of the variable physical property parameters and contact effect on the output power and thermoelectric efficiency are evaluated,and the concept of aspect ratio optimal domain is proposed,which provides a new design approach for the TEM.展开更多
Hail is a significant meteorological hazard in China,particularly during spring and summer,causing extensive damage to agricultural production.Anti-hail artillery has been widely used to mitigate hail damage,but its p...Hail is a significant meteorological hazard in China,particularly during spring and summer,causing extensive damage to agricultural production.Anti-hail artillery has been widely used to mitigate hail damage,but its physical effects have not been well-supported by field observations.This study evaluates the physical impacts of anti-hail explosions using high-resolution,rapid-scanning X-band dual-polarized phased array radar data from an anti-hail artillery operation in Linfen,Shanxi Province of China.The results show that radar reflectivity,differential reflectivity,and specific differential phase are not highly sensitive to the effects of explosions,but radar reflectivity can indicate cumulative changes in the cloud structure.In contrast,radial velocity,spectral width,and correlation coefficient can effectively reflect the effects of explosions,showing decreased radial velocity,increased spectral width,and decreased correlation coefficient around the explosion site.The variation of correlation coefficient indicated that the horizontal impact range of the explosion was approximately 1 km,while the vertical impact extended around 1.5 km.Continued artillery operations led to a rapid decrease in the 45-d BZ echo top height of the hail cloud,and a relatively weak echo region(RWER)formed beneath the explosion site,which was surrounded by descending strong upperlevel echoes and lower-level strong echoes.Hydrometeors near the explosion site transformed from graupel to dry snow,effectively reducing the availability of hail embryos.展开更多
We apply a recently proposed covariant power counting in nucleon-nucleon interactions to study strangeness S =-1 ΛN-Σ N interactions in chiral effective field theory. At leading order, Lorentz invariance introduces ...We apply a recently proposed covariant power counting in nucleon-nucleon interactions to study strangeness S =-1 ΛN-Σ N interactions in chiral effective field theory. At leading order, Lorentz invariance introduces 12 low energy constants, in contrast to the heavy baryon approach, where only five appear. The Kadyshevsky equation is adopted to resum the potential in order to account for the non-perturbative nature of hyperon-nucleon interactions.A fit to the 36 hyperon-nucleon scattering data points yields χ2 16, which is comparable with the sophisticated phenomenological models and the next-to-leading order heavy baryon approach. However, one cannot achieve a simultaneous description of the nucleon-nucleon phase shifts and strangeness S =-1 hyperon-nucleon scattering data at leading order.展开更多
文摘The transition of the barrier-type thyristor （BTH） from blocking to conducting-state occurs between two entirely contrary physical states with great disparity in nature. The physical effects and mechanisms of the transition are studied in depth. The features of the transition snapback point are analyzed in detail. The transition snapback point has duality and is just the position where the barrier is flattened. It has a significant influence on the capture crosssection of the hole and high-level hole lifetime, resulting in the device entering into deep base conductance modulation. The physical nature of the negative differential resistance segment I-V characteristics is studied. It is testified by using experimental data that the deep conductance modulation is the basic feature and the linchpin of the transition process. The conditions and physical mechanisms of conductance modulation are investigated. The related physical subjects, including the flattening of the channel barrier, the buildup of the double injection, the formation of the plasma, the realization of the high-level injection, the elimination of the gate junction depletion region, the deep conductance modulation, and the increase in the hole＇s lifetime are all discussed in this paper.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62073009 and 61573043)。
文摘Phased-Mission Systems(PMS)are widely applied in aerospace,telecommunication and intelligent systems for multiple,consecutive and non-overlapping phases of missions.The phasedependent stresses and system structure cause some difficulties to the reliability analysis of PMSs.In this paper,we analyze the physical isolation effects on the degradation speeds and across-phase damage accumulations of failure mechanisms.And,some corresponding reliability and unreliability formulas are derived.Besides,a hierarchical Binary Decision Diagram(BDD)-based modeling method is proposed for incorporating functional and physical isolation effects into BDD models,and the analytical method with phase algebras is introduced for studying the failure behavior of PMS with functional dependence.In the case study,we evaluate the collision avoidance system of a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle as an example to demonstrate the proposed modeling and analysis method.Results show that the physical isolation effects have significant influences on the degradations of components,which deserves detailed analysis for a more practical and realistic PMS’s failure behavior.
文摘To investigate the effects of different sources of carbohydrates on intake, digestibility, chewing, and performance, nine lactating Holstein dairy cows （day in milk= 100±21 d; body weight=645.7 ± 26.5 kg） were allotted to a 3 × 3 Latin square design at three 23-d periods. The three treatments included 34.91% （B）, 18.87% （BC）, and 18.86% （BB） barley that in treatment B was partially replaced with only corn or corn plus beet pulp in treatments BC and BB, respectively. The concentration of starch and neutral detergent soluble carbohydrate varied （22.2, 20.2, and 14.5; 13.6, 15.9, and 20.1% of DM in treatments B, BC, and BB, respectively）. Cows in treatment BB showed a higher DMI and improved digestibility of DM, NDF, and EE compared with treatments B or BC Ruminal pH was higher in cows fed on BB （6.83） compared with those that received B or BC treatments （6.62 and 6.73, respectively）. A lower proportion of propionate accompanied the higher pH in the BB group; however, a greater proportion of acetate and acetate： propionate ratio was observed compared with cows fed either on the B or BC diet. Moreover, cows fed on the BB diet showed the lowest ruminal passage rate and longest ruminal and total retention time. Eating time did not differ among treatments, rumination time was greater among cows fed on the BB diet compared with the others, whereas total chewing activity was greater than those fed on BC, but similar to those fed on B. The treatments showed no effect on milk yield. Partially replacing barley with corn or beet pulp resulted in an increase in milk fat and a lower protein concentration. Changing dietary NFC with that of a different degradability thus altered intake, chewing activity, ruminal environment, retention time or passage rate, and lactation performance. The results of this study showed that beet pulp with a higher NDF and a detergent-soluble carbohydrate or pectin established a more consistent ruminal mat than barley and corn, thus resulting in higher mean retention time and chewing activity, whereas no changes in 3.5% ECM and milk fat were observed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10575052the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (SRFDP) under Grant No.20050319008the Special Study Foundation of Nanyang Normal University under Grant No.nynu200750
文摘Using the form factors from light-cone sum rules, we study the branching ratios and forward-backward asymmetries （FBAs） of the exclusive decays Bu^＋→π^＋e^＋e^- and Bu^＋ →ρ^＋e^＋e^- （e= e,μ） in the standard model （SM） and the top quark two-Higgs-doublet model （T2HDM）. From the numerical results, we find that the new physics contributions cannot provide very large enhancement to the branching ratios and the theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the SM ones. The T2HDM effects on FBAs of these decays are small. Precision measurements of the dilepton invariant mass distributions, especially in the lower dilepton mass region, and the FBAs in the decays Bu^＋ → π^＋ （ρ^＋ ）e^＋ e^- will greatly help in discriminating among the SM and the new physics models.
基金The project partly supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10575052 and the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education （SRFDP） under Grant No. 20050319008.Acknowledgments 0ne of the authors Lin-Xia Lü would like to thank Prof. C.S. Huang for his valuable help.
文摘We calculate the new physics contributions to the neutral Bd^o and Ba^o meson mass splitting △Md and △Ma induced by the box diagrams involving the charged-Higgs bosons in the top quark two-Higgs doublet model （T2HDM）. Using the precision data, we obtain the bounds on the parameter space of the T2HDM： （a） For fixed MH = 400 GeV and 5= [0°, 60°], the upper bound on tan β is tan β≤ 30 after the inclusion of major theoretical uncertainties; （b） For the case of tan β≤ 20, a light charged Higgs boson with a mass around 300 GeV is allowed; and （c） The bounds on tan β and MH are strongly correlated： a smaller （larger） tan β means a lighter （heavier） charged Higgs boson.
文摘The MOSFETs are built on SIMOX material, the chide positive charge, interface state, threshold voltage and leakage current of MOSFETs/SOI after 60Co-rirradiation are measured with I-V technique. The results indicate that the accumulation rate of chide charge density is more than that of interface state density in dose range of 0-3×104Gy (Si), and the 'on' radiation bias is worst case for NMOSFET and PMOSFET.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51772170,51572155,and 11504389)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB1102201)the Young Scholars Program(Grant No.2018WLJH67).
文摘The anisotropic physical property is the most noteworthy feature of crystals.In this paper,the subscript change method is used to analyze the sign changes of different tensors describing physical properties in uniaxial crystals.The distribution of some physical properties in special point groups exhibits non-symmetry in eight quadrants,which should attract the attention of crystal research.The difference between the crystallographic and physical coordinate systems and the lack of crystal symmetry operations are considered to be the origins of the non-symmetry.To avoid ambiguities and difficulties in characterizing and applying crystal physical properties,eight quadrants in space should be clarified.Hence,we proposed the use of piezoelectric properties to define the positive direction of the optical coordinate axis prior to the research and applications of optical properties.
文摘By means of a representation of the elementary objects by the Lagrange density and by the commutators of the communication relations, correlations can be formed using the Fourier transform, which under the conditions of the Hamilton principle, describes correlation structures of the elementary objects with oscillator properties. The correlation structures obtained in this way are characterized by physical information, the essential component of which is the action. The correlation structures describe the physical properties and their interactions under the sole condition of the Hamilton’s principle. The structure, the properties and the interactions of elementary objects can be led back in this way to a fundamental four dimensional structure, which is therefore in their different modifications the building block of nature. With the presented method, an alternative interpretation of elementary physical effects to quantum mechanics is obtained. This report provides an overview of the fundamentals and statements of physical information theory and its consequences for understanding the nature of elementary objects.
基金financially supported by the Certificate of postdoctoral research grant in Henan province,the Natural Science Foundation of Henan province(Grant No.212300410281)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.21975225).
文摘Lithium-sulfur batteries(LSBs)with high energy densities have been demonstrated the potential for energy-intensive demand applications.However,their commercial applicability is hampered by hysteretic electrode reaction kinetics and the shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs).In this work,an interlayer consisting of high-entropy metal oxide(Cu_(0.7)Fe_(0.6)Mn_(0.4)Ni_(0.6)Sn_(0.5))O_(4) grown on carbon nanofibers(HEO/CNFs)is designed for LSBs.The CNFs with highly porous networks provide transport pathways for Li^(+) and e^(-),as well as a physical sieve effect to limit LiPSs crossover.In particular,the grapevine-like HEO nanoparticles generate metal-sulfur bonds with LiPSs,efficiently anchoring active materials.The unique structure and function of the interlayer enable the LSBs with superior electrochemical performance,i.e.,the high specific capacity of 1381 mAh g^(-1) at 0.1 C and 561 mAh g^(-1) at 6 C.This work presents a facile strategy for exploiting high-performance LSBs.
基金supported by the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture,Evans-Allen Project OKLUGOETSCH2017(Accession Number 1012650)Capacity Building Grant OKLUPUCHALA2018(Accession Number 1018078)the USDA NIFA Evans-Allen Project OKLUWANG2023(Accession Number 7004023).
文摘Thirty-two primiparous and 31 multiparous Alpine goats were used to determine influences of diets varying in level and source of forage on performance in early to mid-lactation for 16 wk.Diets consisted of 40%,50%,60%,and 70%forage(designated as 40F,50F,60F,and 70F,respectively)with 60F and 70F containing coarsely ground grass hay(primarily orchardgrass)and 40F and 50F containing cottonseed hulls,alfalfa pellets,and coarsely ground wheat hay.Diets contained 15.9%to 16.3%crude protein and 37.8%,42.1%,53.5%,and 55.4%neutral detergent fiber(NDF)with 10.0%,15.8%,50.1%,and 55.5%particle retention on a 19-mm sieve,and 26.1%,29.6%,38.3%,and 40.0%physically effective NDF(peNDF)for 40F,50F,60F,and 70F,respectively.Dry matter intake(2.71,2.75,1.96,and 1.95 kg/d)and milk yield(2.82,2.71,2.23,and 2.10 kg/d for 40F,50F,60F,and 70F,respectively)were lower(P<0.05)for the two diets highest in forage.Digestion of organic matter was similar among diets(P>0.05),but digestibility of NDF was greater(P<0.05)for 60F and 70F(57.5%,58.4%,68.9%,and 72.2%for 40F,50F,60F,and 70F,respectively).Diet affected(P<0.05)milk fat(3.16%,3.37%,2.93%,and 2.97%)and protein concentrations(2.62%,2.69%,2.58%,and 2.52%for 40F,50F,60F,and 70F,respectively).Milk energy yield was greater(P<0.05)for the two diets lowest in forage(7.51,7.45,5.68,and 5.34 MJ/d),although yield relative to dry matter intake was not affected(P>0.05)by diet and was lower(P<0.05)for primiparous vs.multip-arous goats(2.71 and 3.09 MJ/kg).Ruminal pH and acetate proportion were greater for 60F and 70F than for the other diets and the proportion of butyrate was lower for the two diets highest in fiber.The mean lengths of time spent ruminating,eating,standing,and lying were not affected(P>0.05)by diet or parity,but many interactions involving diet,period,hour,and parity were significant(P<0.05).In conclusion,lactational performance of Alpine goats in early to mid-lactation will be constrained with diets high in forage of moderate quality,peNDF content,and large particle size,which appeared related to limited feed intake.
基金Support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10604014 and 10874025by Chinese National Key Basic Research Special Fund under Grant No. 2006CB921706
文摘We exploit theoretically a class of rectangular cylindrical devices for noise shielding by using acoustic metamateriais. The function of noise shielding is justified by both the far-field and near-field full-wave simulations based on the finite element method. The enlargement of equivalent acoustic scattering cross sections is revealed to be the physical mechanism for this function. This work makes it possible to design a window with both noise shielding and air flow.
基金the National Key Fundamental Research Plan "973" Project(2006CB202308) for funds for this paper
文摘Many of the sedimentary basins in western China were formed through the superposition and compounding of at least two previously developed sedimentary basins and in general they can be termed as complex superimposed basins. The distinct differences between these basins and monotype basins are their discontinuous stratigraphic sedimentation, stratigraphic structure and stratigraphic stress-strain action over geological history. Based on the correlation of chronological age on structural sections, superimposed basins can be divided into five types in this study： （1） continuous sedimentation type superimposed basins, （2） middle and late stratigraphic superimposed basins, （3） early and late stratigraphic superimposed basins, （4） early and middle stratigraphic superimposed basins, and （5） long-term exposed superimposed basins. Multiple source-reservoir-caprock assemblages have developed in such basins. In addition, multi-stage hydrocarbon generation and expulsion, multiple sources, polycyclic hydrocarbon accumulation and multiple-type hydrocarbon reservoirs adjustment, reformation and destruction have occurred in these basins. The complex reservoirs that have been discovered widely in the superimposed basins to date have remarkably different geologic features from primary reservoirs, and the root causes of this are folding, denudation and the fracture effect caused by multiphase tectonic events in the superimposed basins as well as associated seepage, diffusion, spilling, oxidation, degradation and cracking. Based on their genesis characteristics, complex reservoirs are divided into five categories： （1） primary reservoirs, （2） trap adjustment type reservoirs, （3） component variant reservoirs, （4） phase conversion type reservoirs and （5） scale-reformed reservoirs.
基金partially supported by the National Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41205100,41375136 and 41405127)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Project No.Z141100001014017)the National Department of Public Benefit Research Foundation of China(Grant No.GYHY201306065)
文摘Based on the dynamic framework of WRF and Morrison 2-moment explicit cloud scheme, a salt-seeding scheme was developed and used to simulate the dissipation of a warm fog event during 6–7 November 2009 in the Beijing and Tianjin area. The seeding effect and its physical mechanism were studied. The results indicate that when seeding fog with salt particles sized 80 μm and at a quantity of 6 gm^（-2） at the fog top, the seeding effect near the ground surface layer is negative in the beginning period, and then a positive seeding effect begins to appear at 18 min, with the best effect appearing at 21 min after seeding operation. The positive effect can last about 35 min. The microphysical mechanism of the warm fog dissipation is because of the evaporation due to the water vapor condensation on the salt particles and coalescence with salt particles.The process of fog water coalescence with salt particles contributed mostly to this warm fog dissipation. Furthermore, two series of sensitivity experiments were performed to study the seeding effect under different seeding amounts and salt particles sizes. The results show that seeding fog with salt particles sized of 80 μm can have the best seeding effect, and the seeding effect is negative when the salt particle size is less than 10 μm. For salt particles sized 80 μm, the best seeding effect, with corresponding visibility of 380 m, can be achieved when the seeding amount is 30 g m^（-2）.
基金Funded by Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (No.00355991220615019)
文摘A numerical model of thermoelectric module （TEM） is created by academic analysis,and the impacts of the resistance ratio and thermoelement size on the output power and thermoelectric efficiency of the TEM are analyzed by the MATLAB numerical calculation.The numerical model is validated by the ANSYS thermal,electrical,and structural coupling simulation.The effects of the variable physical property parameters and contact effect on the output power and thermoelectric efficiency are evaluated,and the concept of aspect ratio optimal domain is proposed,which provides a new design approach for the TEM.
基金Supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0760402)State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology(2024QN12)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(42475208)National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China(42105127)Central Regional Weather Modification Capacity Building Project(ZQC-T22254)Guizhou Science and Technology Program Project Qiankehe Support[(2022)No.206]。
文摘Hail is a significant meteorological hazard in China,particularly during spring and summer,causing extensive damage to agricultural production.Anti-hail artillery has been widely used to mitigate hail damage,but its physical effects have not been well-supported by field observations.This study evaluates the physical impacts of anti-hail explosions using high-resolution,rapid-scanning X-band dual-polarized phased array radar data from an anti-hail artillery operation in Linfen,Shanxi Province of China.The results show that radar reflectivity,differential reflectivity,and specific differential phase are not highly sensitive to the effects of explosions,but radar reflectivity can indicate cumulative changes in the cloud structure.In contrast,radial velocity,spectral width,and correlation coefficient can effectively reflect the effects of explosions,showing decreased radial velocity,increased spectral width,and decreased correlation coefficient around the explosion site.The variation of correlation coefficient indicated that the horizontal impact range of the explosion was approximately 1 km,while the vertical impact extended around 1.5 km.Continued artillery operations led to a rapid decrease in the 45-d BZ echo top height of the hail cloud,and a relatively weak echo region(RWER)formed beneath the explosion site,which was surrounded by descending strong upperlevel echoes and lower-level strong echoes.Hydrometeors near the explosion site transformed from graupel to dry snow,effectively reducing the availability of hail embryos.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11375024,11522539,11375120)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M600845,2017T100008)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘We apply a recently proposed covariant power counting in nucleon-nucleon interactions to study strangeness S =-1 ΛN-Σ N interactions in chiral effective field theory. At leading order, Lorentz invariance introduces 12 low energy constants, in contrast to the heavy baryon approach, where only five appear. The Kadyshevsky equation is adopted to resum the potential in order to account for the non-perturbative nature of hyperon-nucleon interactions.A fit to the 36 hyperon-nucleon scattering data points yields χ2 16, which is comparable with the sophisticated phenomenological models and the next-to-leading order heavy baryon approach. However, one cannot achieve a simultaneous description of the nucleon-nucleon phase shifts and strangeness S =-1 hyperon-nucleon scattering data at leading order.
