Evaluating Adherence to Safety Standards for Physical Space Design, Equipment, and Patient and Staff Protection in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centers:A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Amirreza Sadeghinasab1, Jafar F...Evaluating Adherence to Safety Standards for Physical Space Design, Equipment, and Patient and Staff Protection in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centers:A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Amirreza Sadeghinasab1, Jafar Fatahiasl2, Mahmoud Mohammadi-Sadr1, Masoud Heydari Kahkesh3, and Marziyeh Tahmasbi2(1.Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;2.Department of Radiologic Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;3.Department of Radiology and Radiotherapy, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)Abstract:Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has revolutionized disease diagnosis and treatment.However, the technology poses safety risks, such as exposure to magnetic fields, RF pulses, and cryogens, necessitating strict adherence to safety protocols to protect patients and healthcare workers.展开更多
Ultrafast optical spectroscopy was successfully introduced decades ago.Its deep relationship with condensed matter physics profoundly enriched the scientific frontier of light–matter interactions.Previously,materials...Ultrafast optical spectroscopy was successfully introduced decades ago.Its deep relationship with condensed matter physics profoundly enriched the scientific frontier of light–matter interactions.Previously,materials such as metals,insulators,semiconductors,and superconductors were investigated,followed by magnetic materials,strongly correlated materials,complex oxides,nano-materials,topological materials,and metamaterials.展开更多
In 2025,I had the honor of delivering keynote speeches at the conferences of the International Society for Diet and Activity Methods in Toronto,Canada,and the International Society of Behavioural Nutrition and Physica...In 2025,I had the honor of delivering keynote speeches at the conferences of the International Society for Diet and Activity Methods in Toronto,Canada,and the International Society of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity in Auckland,Aotearoa,New Zealand.These opportunities prompted deep reflection on scientific research in general,and on physical activity and health research specifically.展开更多
This study evaluated the physical development levels of preschool children across different districts of Chongqing,considering variations in age and gender,with the aim of proposing a differentiated physical education...This study evaluated the physical development levels of preschool children across different districts of Chongqing,considering variations in age and gender,with the aim of proposing a differentiated physical education curriculum implementation plan tailored to the differences in age,gender,and physical fitness levels among this population.A total of 1209 preschool children(46.89%girls)aged 3-6 years were tested on eight items:height,weight,standing long jump,10 m toss,seated forward bend,tennis ball toss,continuous jump on both feet and walking the balance beam.One-way variance,multiple comparisons and t-tests were used to calculate and express differences in their results.Overall,preschoolers(City)performed better than preschoolers(Country)in height and standing long jump,and preschoolers(Country)performed better than preschoolers(City)in continuous jumping on both feet.With the exception of the seated forward bend test,there were significant differences in the fitness levels of preschoolers by grade,with preschoolers of different genders(Boys)performing better than preschoolers(Girls)in height,weight,standing long jump and tennis throw.Preschoolers(Girls)performed better than preschoolers(Boys)in the 10 m toss and bend in a sitting position,and the gender differences were more pronounced with increasing age.展开更多
Conformational entropy,one of the central concepts of polymer physics,is the key to revealing physical characteristics of polymers.Despite an increased repertoire of conformational-entropy effects in the structural fo...Conformational entropy,one of the central concepts of polymer physics,is the key to revealing physical characteristics of polymers.Despite an increased repertoire of conformational-entropy effects in the structural formation,transition,and properties of polymer systems,the physical origin of conformational entropy remains less understood compared to interaction energy and other types of entropy.This review seeks to provide a conceptual framework unveiling several principles and rules of conformational entropy in governing the structures and properties of polymers,from the perspective of fundamental physics and statistical mechanics.First,we focus on the fundamentals of entropy in thermodynamics,leading to the theoretical basis for the elucidation of conformational entropy.Second,we delineate the physical nature of statistics and dissipation of conformational entropy and its essential dependence on the environmental heat bath.Next,we explore the principles of conformational entropy in driving the ordering transitions of various systems of polymers and their nanocomposites,elucidating the emergent and collective behaviors as well as the interplay between energetic interactions and entropy.Moreover,we demonstrate how the concept of conformational entropy is generalized to the biological systems and other soft matters.Finally,we discuss future directions to signify this framework originated from polymers.展开更多
Among the charged leptons,theτelectric dipole moment dτis the least constrained.We show that the Im[d_(τ)]imposes strong constraints on new physics that have yet to be discussed.Motivated in particular by the Super...Among the charged leptons,theτelectric dipole moment dτis the least constrained.We show that the Im[d_(τ)]imposes strong constraints on new physics that have yet to be discussed.Motivated in particular by the Super Tau-Charm Facility(STCF),which will provide a uniquely clean environment for precisionτ-physics,we study the momentum-transfer dependence of d_(τ)(q^(2))and compare the projected sensitivities of STCF and BelleⅡ.Our analysis shows that an axion-like coupling of the τ lepton can induce sizable real and imaginary components of the EDM.The predicted EDM values may approach the present experimental sensitivities,making them accessible to future measurements at Belle II and the STCF.展开更多
In response to the capabilities presented by the High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF) and the Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System(Ci ADS), as well as the proposed Chinese Advanced Nuclear Physics Rese...In response to the capabilities presented by the High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF) and the Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System(Ci ADS), as well as the proposed Chinese Advanced Nuclear Physics Research Facility(CNUF), we are assembling a consortium of experts in relevant disciplines, both domestically and internationally,to delineate high-precision physics experiments that leverage the state-of-the-art research environment afforded by CNUF.Our focus encompasses six primary domains of inquiry: hadron physics—including endeavors such as the super eta factory and investigations into light hadron structures;muon physics;neutrino physics;neutron physics;the testing of fundamental symmetries;and the exploration of quantum effects within nuclear physics, along with the utilization of vortex accelerators.We aim to foster a well-rounded portfolio of large, medium, and small-scale projects, thus unlocking new scientific avenues and optimizing the potential of the Huizhou large scientific facility. The aspiration for international leadership in scientific research will be a guiding principle in our strategic planning. This initiative will serve as a foundational reference for the Institute of Modern Physics in its strategic planning and goal-setting, ensuring alignment with its developmental objectives while striving to secure a competitive edge in technological advancement. Our ambition is to engage in substantive research within these realms of high-precision physics, to pursue groundbreaking discoveries, and to stimulate progress in China's nuclear physics landscape, positioning Huizhou as a preeminent global hub for advanced nuclear physics research.展开更多
Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are promisingcandidates for next-generation energy storagegiven their high energy density and potential low cost.Chemically activated carbon(CAC)is often used fortheir cathodes,because ...Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are promisingcandidates for next-generation energy storagegiven their high energy density and potential low cost.Chemically activated carbon(CAC)is often used fortheir cathodes,because it has a high specific surfacearea for sulfur loading.We have developed a pressurizedphysical activation(PPA)method that producedan activated carbon(PPAC)with a high specific surfacearea comparable to that of CAC.The pore structure of PPAC could be changed and its use as a cathode material for Li–Sbatteries was investigated.Battery tests at different capacity rates(C-rates)showed that it had a much improved high-rate performancewith a discharge capacity of 900 mAh/(g of sulfur)at 1 C,in contrast to only 600 mAh/(g of sulfur)for CAC.Porestructure analyses showed that PPAC prepared at a high activation temperature(1000℃)had unusual channel-like mesoporesbetween the microdomains that are the basic structural units of artificial carbon materials.These are connected to microporesdeveloped in each microdomain,and deliver ions from the surroundings to the internal pores and vice versa.The well-developedmicropores and mesopores of PPAC respectively ensured the high adsorption of lithium polysulfides and a high rate ofion diffusion.Compared to CAC,PPAC is a high-performance,low-cost cathode material that is promising for use in futureLi–S batteries.展开更多
Combining the phase-field method and the moving boundary method,a three-dimensional phase-field simulation was conducted for the growth and grain evolution of Ti films deposited by physical vapor deposition under diff...Combining the phase-field method and the moving boundary method,a three-dimensional phase-field simulation was conducted for the growth and grain evolution of Ti films deposited by physical vapor deposition under different deposition rates and grain orientations.The evolution of grain morphology and grain orientation was also taken into consideration.Simulation results show that at lower deposition rates,the surface of the formed Ti film exhibits a distinct oriented texture structure.The surface roughness of the Ti film is positively correlated with the grain misorientation.Moreover,the surface roughness obtained from the simulation is in good agreement with the experiment results.展开更多
To maintain soil quality under long-term saline water irrigation,the influence of manure on soil physical properties was examined.Long-term saline irrigation has been conducted from 2015 to 2024 at the Nanpi Eco-Agric...To maintain soil quality under long-term saline water irrigation,the influence of manure on soil physical properties was examined.Long-term saline irrigation has been conducted from 2015 to 2024 at the Nanpi Eco-Agricultural Experimental Station of Chinese Academy Sciences in the Low Plain of the North China Plain,comprising four irrigation treatments:irrigation once at the jointing stage for winter wheat with irrigation water containing salt at fresh water,3,4 and 5 g·L^(–1),and maize irrigation at sowing using fresh water.Manure application was conducted under all irrigation treatments,with treatments without manure application used as controls.The results showed that under long-term irrigation with saline water,the application of manure increased the soil organic matter content,exchangeable potassium,available phosphorus,and total nitrogen content in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 46.8%,117.0%,75.7%,and 45.5%,respectively,compared to treatments without manure application.The application of manure reduced soil bulk density.It also increased the proportion of water-stable aggregates and the abundance of bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes in the tillage soil layer compared to the controls.Because of the salt contained in the manure,the application of manure had dual effects on soil salt content.During the winter wheat season,manure application increased soil salt content.The salt content was significantly reduced during the summer maize season,owing to the strong salt-leaching effects under manure application,resulting in a smaller difference in salt content between the manure and non-manure treatments.During the summer rainfall season,improvements in soil structure under manure application increased the soil desalination rate for the 1 m top soil layer.The desalination rate for 0–40 cm and 40–100 cm was averagely by 39.1%and 18.9%higher,respectively,under manure application as compared with that under the nomanure treatments.The yield of winter wheat under manure application was 0.12%lower than that of the control,owing to the higher salt content during the winter wheat season.In contrast,the yield of summer maize improved by 3.9%under manure application,owing to the increased soil nutrient content and effective salt leaching.The results of this study indicated that manure application helped maintain the soil physical structure,which is important for the long-term use of saline water.In practice,using manure with a low salt content is suggested to reduce the adverse effects of saline water irrigation on soil properties and achieve sustainable saline water use.展开更多
Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss...Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.展开更多
Objective:We assessed the risk for physical inactivity due to inadequate health literacy using multivariable analysis in a large middleaged population.Methods:This cross-sectional mail survey using a self-administered...Objective:We assessed the risk for physical inactivity due to inadequate health literacy using multivariable analysis in a large middleaged population.Methods:This cross-sectional mail survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted in 2020 and included 33,902 community residents aged 40-64 years from 5 cities in Osaka Prefecture,Japan.Of these,12,446(36.7%)agreed to participate in the survey.After exclusion of those with regular visits to medical institutions and those with missing data,the analysis included 3742 participants.Health literacy was measured by the communicative and critical health literacy(CCHL)scale,and participants were classified into 3 groups(low,medium,and high health literacy groups)by the tertiles of the CCHL scale score.Physical inactivity was defined as not completing at least 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity throughout the week.Results:After adjustment for age,gender,education level,occupation,economic status,living alone,and stages of health behavior change,the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios(ORs)for physical inactivity were 1.36(95% confidence interval[CI]:1.16-1.59,P<0.001)in the medium health literacy group and 1.70(95%CI:1.36-2.11,P<0.001)in the low health literacy group compared with the high health literacy group.Conclusions:This large-scale study provides compelling evidence that those with inadequate health literacy are at higher risk for physical inactivity among middle-aged adults.展开更多
Most small bodies in the solar system have low orbital inclinations,concentrated near the ecliptic plane.However,some small bodies exhibit high orbital inclinations(i>20°)and are referred to as high-inclinatio...Most small bodies in the solar system have low orbital inclinations,concentrated near the ecliptic plane.However,some small bodies exhibit high orbital inclinations(i>20°)and are referred to as high-inclination small bodies.The discovery and study of these high-inclination objects are reshaping traditional understanding and challenging classical dynamical models.With the advancement of wide-field sky survey projects,an increasing number of small bodies with high-inclination and even retrograde orbits have been observed.Their unique orbital configurations suggest complex formation mechanisms and evolutionary histories.High-inclination small bodies differ significantly from ecliptic plane objects in terms of surface composition,size distribution,and dynamical behavior.Their formation mechanisms involve various pathways,such as gravitational perturbations and planetary scattering,resonance capture and inclination excitation,and the influence of potential Planet Nine.These objects not only serve as"fossil records"of the early evolution of the solar system but also provide new research perspectives for planetary formation theories,interstellar material exchange,and deep-space resource exploration.展开更多
Background:Although light-intensity physical activity(LPA)has been suggested to be associated with a lower risk of mortality,the minimal and optimal volumes of LPA remain unclear.We aimed to examine the minimal and op...Background:Although light-intensity physical activity(LPA)has been suggested to be associated with a lower risk of mortality,the minimal and optimal volumes of LPA remain unclear.We aimed to examine the minimal and optimal volumes of LPA associated with the risks of mortality and disease incidence(i.e.,cardiovascular diseases and cancer).Methods:Data were derived from the population-based UK Biobank cohort study,including 69,492 adults aged 43-78 years.Accelerometermeasured LPA was defined using a validated,published machine learning-based Random Forest activity method,which was categorized into 4 quartile groups.All-cause and cause-specific mortality(cardiovascular disease-and cancer-specific)were determined according to the International Classification of Diseases,10th version codes.Disease incidence was defined based on primary care,hospitalization,or death records.Results:During a median follow-up period of 8.04 years,2024 adults died from all causes,539 from cardiovascular disease,and 1175 from cancer.For all-cause mortality,compared with participants in the lowest quartile of LPA(<3.9 h/day),the hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were 0.82(95%CI:0.73-0.93)for those with 3.9 to<5.0 h/day,0.75(95%CI:0.66-0.85)for those with 5.0 to<6.1 h/day,and 0.77(95%CI:0.68-0.88)for those with≥6.1 h/day,respectively.There was an inverse non-linear dose-response association between LPA and all-cause mortality,with an optimal dose of 5.72 h/day(95%CI:5.45-6.41;HR=0.63,95%CI:0.56-0.71)and a minimal dose of 3.59 h/day(95%CI:3.53-8.56;HR=0.81,95%CI:0.78-0.86),with the 5th percentile as the reference.Similar patterns were observed for cause-specific mortality and disease incidence(cardiovascular disease and cancer).Conclusion:Engaging in LPA for~3.5 h/day was conservatively associated with lower risk of mortality and disease incidence,with further risk reductions observed up to an optimal dose of~6.0 h/day.These findings suggest that sufficient LPA offers important health benefits,which can inform the development of future PA guidelines.展开更多
Glassy polymers are widely used in biomedical applications in a solvent environment,yet their long-term performance is governed by the competing effects of physical aging and solvent-induced plasticization.Here,we dev...Glassy polymers are widely used in biomedical applications in a solvent environment,yet their long-term performance is governed by the competing effects of physical aging and solvent-induced plasticization.Here,we develop a constitutive model that explicitly couples the solvent concentration,structural relaxation,and mechanical response.This framework is built on a multiplicative decomposition of deformation and an Eyring-type flow rule,with structural evolution described by an effective temperature.A generalized shift factor is introduced to quantify how the solvent concentration and effective temperature jointly affect the relaxation time,thereby integrating physical aging and plasticization.The model is subsequently applied to methacrylate(MA)-based copolymer networks immersed in phosphate-buffered saline for up to nine months.Simulations accurately capture key experimental features,including the strong softening of highly swellable networks,the partial recovery due to aging,and the mitigating role of hydrophobic crosslinking in reducing solvent uptake.While the current single-mode description cannot reproduce the full relaxation spectrum,it establishes an efficient framework for predicting the long-term mechanical performance under coupled environmental and mechanical loading.This study provides a constitutive description of solvent-swollen glassy polymers,offering mechanistic insight into the interplay between plasticization and aging.Beyond biomedical MA networks,this framework establishes a foundation for predicting the long-term performance of polymer glasses under coupled aqueous environmental and mechanical loading.展开更多
The increasing complexity of intelligent sensing environments,driven by the growth of Internet of Things technologies,has created a strong demand for neuromorphic systems capable of real-time,low-power multisensory pe...The increasing complexity of intelligent sensing environments,driven by the growth of Internet of Things technologies,has created a strong demand for neuromorphic systems capable of real-time,low-power multisensory perception.Traditional sensory architectures,constrained by single-modal processing and centralized computing,struggle to meet the requirements of diverse and dynamic input conditions.Multisensory neuromorphic devices offer a promising solution by mimicking the distributed,event-driven processing of biological systems.Recent efforts have explored synaptic devices and material systems that respond to various input modalities,including visual,tactile,thermal,and chemical stimuli.However,challenges remain in signal conversion,encoding compatibility,and the fusion of heterogeneous inputs without loss of unisensory information.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physical mechanisms,device behaviors,and integration strategies that underpin signal processing in neuromorphic hardware.We highlight synaptic mechanisms conducive to cross-modal interaction,analyze representative signal fusion approaches at the device level,and discuss future directions for constructing efficient,scalable,and biologically inspired multisensory neuromorphic systems.展开更多
Delineating sweet spots is critical for the exploration and production of oil and gas in deep and tight sand reservoirs.The lack of advanced and reliable methods makes this a challenge for geologists and geophysicists...Delineating sweet spots is critical for the exploration and production of oil and gas in deep and tight sand reservoirs.The lack of advanced and reliable methods makes this a challenge for geologists and geophysicists.This study introduces,for the first time,an integrated workflow that combines pre-stack seismic inversion with rock physics modeling to predict reservoir porosity and shale volume(V-shale)for sweet spot identification in tight sand reservoirs.A new elastic parameter,the density calculation index(DCI),is introduced which links acoustic and shear impedance for seismic density inversion,thereby addressing the long-standing problem of poor density inversion accuracy.A novel combined Sun–Walsh rock physics model,developed as part of this study,significantly improves V-shale evaluation from seismic data.The proposed three-step seismic inversion approach includes:(1)deriving acoustic and shear impedance from angle-stack seismic data using model-based inversion;(2)calculating density using shear impedance constrained by DCI,followed by porosity estimation from the density–porosity relation;and(3)evaluating V-shale using theα-parameter derived from the Sun–Walsh model and pre-stack inversion results.This integrated workflow provides an effective tool for building accurate 3D reservoir models,and is especially applicable to deep,low-porosity,tight sand reservoirs worldwide.展开更多
The Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Depression,Beibu Gulf Basin,southern China,is one of the key stratigraphic units for offshore shale oil exploration in the country.The shale oil reservoirs in the formation are...The Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Depression,Beibu Gulf Basin,southern China,is one of the key stratigraphic units for offshore shale oil exploration in the country.The shale oil reservoirs in the formation are characterized by low porosity,low permeability and strong heterogeneity,which constrain the precise evaluation of reservoir properties,the accurate prediction of sweet spots,and efficient development.This study integrates core observation,mineralogical analysis,and multi-scale pore characterization to systematically clarify the variations in reservoir properties and their controlling mechanisms.The results show that the physical properties of matrix-type,lamina-type,and interlayer-type reservoirs exhibit distinct stepwise variations:Among these,interlayer-type reservoirs show the greatest development potential(quartz content 65%,average porosity 15%,permeability>10 mD,and mobile fluid saturation 60%),whereas matrix-type reservoirs are the least favorable(dominated by 40 nm nanoscale pores,and clay content 45%).Mineral composition,sedimentary-diagenetic processes,and fault systems collectively control reservoir property heterogeneity.Quartz-rich rigid frameworks resist compaction,resulting in a porosity increase by approximately 2% for every 10%rise in q uartz content.The transformation of clay minerals induces stratified porosity zoning within the layered reservoirs,while fault systems enhance heterogeneity through the development of fracture networks and acid-induced dissolution.This study provides theoretical support for the evaluation and development of shale oil sweet spots in the Weixinan Depression and holds practical significance for the commercial development of shale oil in China's offshore areas.展开更多
Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for it...Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity,particularly in aging brains.However,the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear.Adiponectin,a cell-secreted protein hormone,has recently been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and mediate the antidepressant effects of physical exercise.Studies on the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin have revealed potential innovative treatments for Alzheimer's disease.Here,we reviewed the functions of adiponectin and its receptor in the brains of human and animal models of cognitive impairment.We summarized the role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease,focusing on its impact on energy metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammation.We also discuss how exercise increases adiponectin secretion and its potential benefits for learning and memory.Finally,we highlight the latest research on chemical compounds that mimic exerciseenhanced secretion of adiponectin and its receptor in Alzheimer's disease.展开更多
Background:Depression is a growing public health concern among Chinese children and adolescents,with substantial healthcare costs.Physical activity(PA)and organized sport are modifiable behaviours protective against d...Background:Depression is a growing public health concern among Chinese children and adolescents,with substantial healthcare costs.Physical activity(PA)and organized sport are modifiable behaviours protective against depression.This study,therefore,estimated the healthcare costs of depression attributable to insufficient PA and organized sport participation.Methods:A cost-of-illness approach with population attributable fraction(PAF)was applied.Relative risks were derived from longitudinal evidence,prevalence estimates from national Chinese surveys,and depression case numbers from the Global Burden of Disease 2021.Direct healthcare costs were extrapolated from European Union estimates,adjusted to 2024 US dollars(USD),and Chinese expenditure.Sex-stratified analyses were conducted.Results:Estimated depression-related healthcare costs attributable to insufficient PA were approximately 81 million USD,compared with around 84 million USD attributable to insufficient organized sport participation.At the population level,the economic burden attributable to insufficient PA and organized sport was of a similar order of magnitude.Among boys,costs attributable to insufficient organized sport participation(approximately 57 million USD)exceeded those attributable to insufficient PA(around 39 million USD),whereas among girls,costs attributable to insufficient PA(approximately 42 million USD)were higher than those related to organized sport(around 27 million USD).These sex-specific patterns were consistent across sensitivity analyses examining uncertainty in key model parameters.Conclusions:Both insufficient PA and organized sport contribute substantially to depression-related healthcare costs,with sex-specific differences.Policies should prioritise promoting overall PA in girls and organized sport in boys to reduce depression burden and associated expenditures.The magnitude of these attributable costs indicates an economically meaningful burden that is potentially modifiable through behavioural interventions.展开更多
文摘Evaluating Adherence to Safety Standards for Physical Space Design, Equipment, and Patient and Staff Protection in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centers:A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study Amirreza Sadeghinasab1, Jafar Fatahiasl2, Mahmoud Mohammadi-Sadr1, Masoud Heydari Kahkesh3, and Marziyeh Tahmasbi2(1.Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;2.Department of Radiologic Technology, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran;3.Department of Radiology and Radiotherapy, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran)Abstract:Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has revolutionized disease diagnosis and treatment.However, the technology poses safety risks, such as exposure to magnetic fields, RF pulses, and cryogens, necessitating strict adherence to safety protocols to protect patients and healthcare workers.
文摘Ultrafast optical spectroscopy was successfully introduced decades ago.Its deep relationship with condensed matter physics profoundly enriched the scientific frontier of light–matter interactions.Previously,materials such as metals,insulators,semiconductors,and superconductors were investigated,followed by magnetic materials,strongly correlated materials,complex oxides,nano-materials,topological materials,and metamaterials.
文摘In 2025,I had the honor of delivering keynote speeches at the conferences of the International Society for Diet and Activity Methods in Toronto,Canada,and the International Society of Behavioural Nutrition and Physical Activity in Auckland,Aotearoa,New Zealand.These opportunities prompted deep reflection on scientific research in general,and on physical activity and health research specifically.
基金2024 Chongqing Vocational Education Teaching Reform Research Project(Project No.:Z2241594)2025 Project of The Science and Technology Research Program of the Chongqing Education Commission in China(Project No.:KJZD-K202502902)。
文摘This study evaluated the physical development levels of preschool children across different districts of Chongqing,considering variations in age and gender,with the aim of proposing a differentiated physical education curriculum implementation plan tailored to the differences in age,gender,and physical fitness levels among this population.A total of 1209 preschool children(46.89%girls)aged 3-6 years were tested on eight items:height,weight,standing long jump,10 m toss,seated forward bend,tennis ball toss,continuous jump on both feet and walking the balance beam.One-way variance,multiple comparisons and t-tests were used to calculate and express differences in their results.Overall,preschoolers(City)performed better than preschoolers(Country)in height and standing long jump,and preschoolers(Country)performed better than preschoolers(City)in continuous jumping on both feet.With the exception of the seated forward bend test,there were significant differences in the fitness levels of preschoolers by grade,with preschoolers of different genders(Boys)performing better than preschoolers(Girls)in height,weight,standing long jump and tennis throw.Preschoolers(Girls)performed better than preschoolers(Boys)in the 10 m toss and bend in a sitting position,and the gender differences were more pronounced with increasing age.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22533003 and 22025302)financial support from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (No. 2022YFA1203203)State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (No. SKL-ChE23T01).
文摘Conformational entropy,one of the central concepts of polymer physics,is the key to revealing physical characteristics of polymers.Despite an increased repertoire of conformational-entropy effects in the structural formation,transition,and properties of polymer systems,the physical origin of conformational entropy remains less understood compared to interaction energy and other types of entropy.This review seeks to provide a conceptual framework unveiling several principles and rules of conformational entropy in governing the structures and properties of polymers,from the perspective of fundamental physics and statistical mechanics.First,we focus on the fundamentals of entropy in thermodynamics,leading to the theoretical basis for the elucidation of conformational entropy.Second,we delineate the physical nature of statistics and dissipation of conformational entropy and its essential dependence on the environmental heat bath.Next,we explore the principles of conformational entropy in driving the ordering transitions of various systems of polymers and their nanocomposites,elucidating the emergent and collective behaviors as well as the interplay between energetic interactions and entropy.Moreover,we demonstrate how the concept of conformational entropy is generalized to the biological systems and other soft matters.Finally,we discuss future directions to signify this framework originated from polymers.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12090064,12205063,12375088,and W2441004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesin part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2020YFC2201501)。
文摘Among the charged leptons,theτelectric dipole moment dτis the least constrained.We show that the Im[d_(τ)]imposes strong constraints on new physics that have yet to be discussed.Motivated in particular by the Super Tau-Charm Facility(STCF),which will provide a uniquely clean environment for precisionτ-physics,we study the momentum-transfer dependence of d_(τ)(q^(2))and compare the projected sensitivities of STCF and BelleⅡ.Our analysis shows that an axion-like coupling of the τ lepton can induce sizable real and imaginary components of the EDM.The predicted EDM values may approach the present experimental sensitivities,making them accessible to future measurements at Belle II and the STCF.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12075326)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No.2025A1515010669)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangzhou (Grant No.2024A04J6243)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in Sun Yat-sen University (No.23xkjc017)the Innovation Training Program for bachelor students in Sun Yat-sen University。
文摘In response to the capabilities presented by the High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility(HIAF) and the Accelerator-Driven Subcritical System(Ci ADS), as well as the proposed Chinese Advanced Nuclear Physics Research Facility(CNUF), we are assembling a consortium of experts in relevant disciplines, both domestically and internationally,to delineate high-precision physics experiments that leverage the state-of-the-art research environment afforded by CNUF.Our focus encompasses six primary domains of inquiry: hadron physics—including endeavors such as the super eta factory and investigations into light hadron structures;muon physics;neutrino physics;neutron physics;the testing of fundamental symmetries;and the exploration of quantum effects within nuclear physics, along with the utilization of vortex accelerators.We aim to foster a well-rounded portfolio of large, medium, and small-scale projects, thus unlocking new scientific avenues and optimizing the potential of the Huizhou large scientific facility. The aspiration for international leadership in scientific research will be a guiding principle in our strategic planning. This initiative will serve as a foundational reference for the Institute of Modern Physics in its strategic planning and goal-setting, ensuring alignment with its developmental objectives while striving to secure a competitive edge in technological advancement. Our ambition is to engage in substantive research within these realms of high-precision physics, to pursue groundbreaking discoveries, and to stimulate progress in China's nuclear physics landscape, positioning Huizhou as a preeminent global hub for advanced nuclear physics research.
文摘Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries are promisingcandidates for next-generation energy storagegiven their high energy density and potential low cost.Chemically activated carbon(CAC)is often used fortheir cathodes,because it has a high specific surfacearea for sulfur loading.We have developed a pressurizedphysical activation(PPA)method that producedan activated carbon(PPAC)with a high specific surfacearea comparable to that of CAC.The pore structure of PPAC could be changed and its use as a cathode material for Li–Sbatteries was investigated.Battery tests at different capacity rates(C-rates)showed that it had a much improved high-rate performancewith a discharge capacity of 900 mAh/(g of sulfur)at 1 C,in contrast to only 600 mAh/(g of sulfur)for CAC.Porestructure analyses showed that PPAC prepared at a high activation temperature(1000℃)had unusual channel-like mesoporesbetween the microdomains that are the basic structural units of artificial carbon materials.These are connected to microporesdeveloped in each microdomain,and deliver ions from the surroundings to the internal pores and vice versa.The well-developedmicropores and mesopores of PPAC respectively ensured the high adsorption of lithium polysulfides and a high rate ofion diffusion.Compared to CAC,PPAC is a high-performance,low-cost cathode material that is promising for use in futureLi–S batteries.
基金National MCF Energy R&D Program of China(2018YFE0306100)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province for Distinguished Young Scholars(2021JJ10062)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52101028)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M703628)。
文摘Combining the phase-field method and the moving boundary method,a three-dimensional phase-field simulation was conducted for the growth and grain evolution of Ti films deposited by physical vapor deposition under different deposition rates and grain orientations.The evolution of grain morphology and grain orientation was also taken into consideration.Simulation results show that at lower deposition rates,the surface of the formed Ti film exhibits a distinct oriented texture structure.The surface roughness of the Ti film is positively correlated with the grain misorientation.Moreover,the surface roughness obtained from the simulation is in good agreement with the experiment results.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2022YFD1900104)。
文摘To maintain soil quality under long-term saline water irrigation,the influence of manure on soil physical properties was examined.Long-term saline irrigation has been conducted from 2015 to 2024 at the Nanpi Eco-Agricultural Experimental Station of Chinese Academy Sciences in the Low Plain of the North China Plain,comprising four irrigation treatments:irrigation once at the jointing stage for winter wheat with irrigation water containing salt at fresh water,3,4 and 5 g·L^(–1),and maize irrigation at sowing using fresh water.Manure application was conducted under all irrigation treatments,with treatments without manure application used as controls.The results showed that under long-term irrigation with saline water,the application of manure increased the soil organic matter content,exchangeable potassium,available phosphorus,and total nitrogen content in the 0–20 cm soil layer by 46.8%,117.0%,75.7%,and 45.5%,respectively,compared to treatments without manure application.The application of manure reduced soil bulk density.It also increased the proportion of water-stable aggregates and the abundance of bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes in the tillage soil layer compared to the controls.Because of the salt contained in the manure,the application of manure had dual effects on soil salt content.During the winter wheat season,manure application increased soil salt content.The salt content was significantly reduced during the summer maize season,owing to the strong salt-leaching effects under manure application,resulting in a smaller difference in salt content between the manure and non-manure treatments.During the summer rainfall season,improvements in soil structure under manure application increased the soil desalination rate for the 1 m top soil layer.The desalination rate for 0–40 cm and 40–100 cm was averagely by 39.1%and 18.9%higher,respectively,under manure application as compared with that under the nomanure treatments.The yield of winter wheat under manure application was 0.12%lower than that of the control,owing to the higher salt content during the winter wheat season.In contrast,the yield of summer maize improved by 3.9%under manure application,owing to the increased soil nutrient content and effective salt leaching.The results of this study indicated that manure application helped maintain the soil physical structure,which is important for the long-term use of saline water.In practice,using manure with a low salt content is suggested to reduce the adverse effects of saline water irrigation on soil properties and achieve sustainable saline water use.
基金supported by the National Institutes of Health for the Kansas Center for Metabolism and Obesity Research(award No.P20GM144269)support from the Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.KL2TR002367)supported by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health(award No.TL1TR002368)。
文摘Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns worldwide due to their association with many chronic health conditions.This has resulted in the development of various interventions focused on weight loss to reduce the associated health burden.Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior associated with enhanced health.Evidence supports that many of the benefits of physical activity are realized independent of initial weight status or whether weight loss is achieved,with some benefits additive to what is achieved with weight loss alone.These benefits include enhanced cardiometabolic,brain,cognitive and psychological health,and others.Moreover,in adults with overweight or obesity,physical activity has independent effects on cardiorespiratory fitness,muscular strength,physical function,and mobility.There are also benefits to body composition,with physical activity improving the quality of key tissues,such as skeletal muscle,which may not occur with diet-induced weight loss.Therefore,physical activity is an important public health target for adults with overweight or obesity to provide a wide range of health benefits that extend beyond those of weight loss alone.However,physical activity recommendations and programming efforts should consider the unique characteristics of adults with overweight or obesity to be most effective,and should support a focus on mobility,physical function,and other health outcomes.
基金supported by the Fund for Health Promotion from Osaka Prefecture。
文摘Objective:We assessed the risk for physical inactivity due to inadequate health literacy using multivariable analysis in a large middleaged population.Methods:This cross-sectional mail survey using a self-administered questionnaire was conducted in 2020 and included 33,902 community residents aged 40-64 years from 5 cities in Osaka Prefecture,Japan.Of these,12,446(36.7%)agreed to participate in the survey.After exclusion of those with regular visits to medical institutions and those with missing data,the analysis included 3742 participants.Health literacy was measured by the communicative and critical health literacy(CCHL)scale,and participants were classified into 3 groups(low,medium,and high health literacy groups)by the tertiles of the CCHL scale score.Physical inactivity was defined as not completing at least 150 min of moderate-intensity physical activity throughout the week.Results:After adjustment for age,gender,education level,occupation,economic status,living alone,and stages of health behavior change,the multivariable-adjusted odds ratios(ORs)for physical inactivity were 1.36(95% confidence interval[CI]:1.16-1.59,P<0.001)in the medium health literacy group and 1.70(95%CI:1.36-2.11,P<0.001)in the low health literacy group compared with the high health literacy group.Conclusions:This large-scale study provides compelling evidence that those with inadequate health literacy are at higher risk for physical inactivity among middle-aged adults.
基金supported by the Operation,Maintenance and Upgrading Fund for Astronomical Telescopes and Facility Instruments,budgeted from the Ministry of Finance of China(MOF)and administrated by the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12173093 and 11973094)the science research grants from the China Manned Space Project(No.CMS-CSST-2021-B08).
文摘Most small bodies in the solar system have low orbital inclinations,concentrated near the ecliptic plane.However,some small bodies exhibit high orbital inclinations(i>20°)and are referred to as high-inclination small bodies.The discovery and study of these high-inclination objects are reshaping traditional understanding and challenging classical dynamical models.With the advancement of wide-field sky survey projects,an increasing number of small bodies with high-inclination and even retrograde orbits have been observed.Their unique orbital configurations suggest complex formation mechanisms and evolutionary histories.High-inclination small bodies differ significantly from ecliptic plane objects in terms of surface composition,size distribution,and dynamical behavior.Their formation mechanisms involve various pathways,such as gravitational perturbations and planetary scattering,resonance capture and inclination excitation,and the influence of potential Planet Nine.These objects not only serve as"fossil records"of the early evolution of the solar system but also provide new research perspectives for planetary formation theories,interstellar material exchange,and deep-space resource exploration.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan:Real-Time Intelligent Active Intervention on Integration of Ten Important Chronic Diseases(2020YFC2003504-2,to BX)。
文摘Background:Although light-intensity physical activity(LPA)has been suggested to be associated with a lower risk of mortality,the minimal and optimal volumes of LPA remain unclear.We aimed to examine the minimal and optimal volumes of LPA associated with the risks of mortality and disease incidence(i.e.,cardiovascular diseases and cancer).Methods:Data were derived from the population-based UK Biobank cohort study,including 69,492 adults aged 43-78 years.Accelerometermeasured LPA was defined using a validated,published machine learning-based Random Forest activity method,which was categorized into 4 quartile groups.All-cause and cause-specific mortality(cardiovascular disease-and cancer-specific)were determined according to the International Classification of Diseases,10th version codes.Disease incidence was defined based on primary care,hospitalization,or death records.Results:During a median follow-up period of 8.04 years,2024 adults died from all causes,539 from cardiovascular disease,and 1175 from cancer.For all-cause mortality,compared with participants in the lowest quartile of LPA(<3.9 h/day),the hazard ratios(HRs)and 95%confidence intervals(95%CIs)were 0.82(95%CI:0.73-0.93)for those with 3.9 to<5.0 h/day,0.75(95%CI:0.66-0.85)for those with 5.0 to<6.1 h/day,and 0.77(95%CI:0.68-0.88)for those with≥6.1 h/day,respectively.There was an inverse non-linear dose-response association between LPA and all-cause mortality,with an optimal dose of 5.72 h/day(95%CI:5.45-6.41;HR=0.63,95%CI:0.56-0.71)and a minimal dose of 3.59 h/day(95%CI:3.53-8.56;HR=0.81,95%CI:0.78-0.86),with the 5th percentile as the reference.Similar patterns were observed for cause-specific mortality and disease incidence(cardiovascular disease and cancer).Conclusion:Engaging in LPA for~3.5 h/day was conservatively associated with lower risk of mortality and disease incidence,with further risk reductions observed up to an optimal dose of~6.0 h/day.These findings suggest that sufficient LPA offers important health benefits,which can inform the development of future PA guidelines.
基金the funding support from the Smart Medicine and Engineering Interdisciplinary Innovation Project of Ningbo University(No.ZHYG003)。
文摘Glassy polymers are widely used in biomedical applications in a solvent environment,yet their long-term performance is governed by the competing effects of physical aging and solvent-induced plasticization.Here,we develop a constitutive model that explicitly couples the solvent concentration,structural relaxation,and mechanical response.This framework is built on a multiplicative decomposition of deformation and an Eyring-type flow rule,with structural evolution described by an effective temperature.A generalized shift factor is introduced to quantify how the solvent concentration and effective temperature jointly affect the relaxation time,thereby integrating physical aging and plasticization.The model is subsequently applied to methacrylate(MA)-based copolymer networks immersed in phosphate-buffered saline for up to nine months.Simulations accurately capture key experimental features,including the strong softening of highly swellable networks,the partial recovery due to aging,and the mitigating role of hydrophobic crosslinking in reducing solvent uptake.While the current single-mode description cannot reproduce the full relaxation spectrum,it establishes an efficient framework for predicting the long-term mechanical performance under coupled environmental and mechanical loading.This study provides a constitutive description of solvent-swollen glassy polymers,offering mechanistic insight into the interplay between plasticization and aging.Beyond biomedical MA networks,this framework establishes a foundation for predicting the long-term performance of polymer glasses under coupled aqueous environmental and mechanical loading.
基金the financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB4400100)the NSFC under Grant Nos.92477102 and 62122084the open research fund of Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory 2023SLABFK09。
文摘The increasing complexity of intelligent sensing environments,driven by the growth of Internet of Things technologies,has created a strong demand for neuromorphic systems capable of real-time,low-power multisensory perception.Traditional sensory architectures,constrained by single-modal processing and centralized computing,struggle to meet the requirements of diverse and dynamic input conditions.Multisensory neuromorphic devices offer a promising solution by mimicking the distributed,event-driven processing of biological systems.Recent efforts have explored synaptic devices and material systems that respond to various input modalities,including visual,tactile,thermal,and chemical stimuli.However,challenges remain in signal conversion,encoding compatibility,and the fusion of heterogeneous inputs without loss of unisensory information.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the physical mechanisms,device behaviors,and integration strategies that underpin signal processing in neuromorphic hardware.We highlight synaptic mechanisms conducive to cross-modal interaction,analyze representative signal fusion approaches at the device level,and discuss future directions for constructing efficient,scalable,and biologically inspired multisensory neuromorphic systems.
文摘Delineating sweet spots is critical for the exploration and production of oil and gas in deep and tight sand reservoirs.The lack of advanced and reliable methods makes this a challenge for geologists and geophysicists.This study introduces,for the first time,an integrated workflow that combines pre-stack seismic inversion with rock physics modeling to predict reservoir porosity and shale volume(V-shale)for sweet spot identification in tight sand reservoirs.A new elastic parameter,the density calculation index(DCI),is introduced which links acoustic and shear impedance for seismic density inversion,thereby addressing the long-standing problem of poor density inversion accuracy.A novel combined Sun–Walsh rock physics model,developed as part of this study,significantly improves V-shale evaluation from seismic data.The proposed three-step seismic inversion approach includes:(1)deriving acoustic and shear impedance from angle-stack seismic data using model-based inversion;(2)calculating density using shear impedance constrained by DCI,followed by porosity estimation from the density–porosity relation;and(3)evaluating V-shale using theα-parameter derived from the Sun–Walsh model and pre-stack inversion results.This integrated workflow provides an effective tool for building accurate 3D reservoir models,and is especially applicable to deep,low-porosity,tight sand reservoirs worldwide.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42474156)the Technical Service Project of China Oilfield Services Limited(YJB23YF001)。
文摘The Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Depression,Beibu Gulf Basin,southern China,is one of the key stratigraphic units for offshore shale oil exploration in the country.The shale oil reservoirs in the formation are characterized by low porosity,low permeability and strong heterogeneity,which constrain the precise evaluation of reservoir properties,the accurate prediction of sweet spots,and efficient development.This study integrates core observation,mineralogical analysis,and multi-scale pore characterization to systematically clarify the variations in reservoir properties and their controlling mechanisms.The results show that the physical properties of matrix-type,lamina-type,and interlayer-type reservoirs exhibit distinct stepwise variations:Among these,interlayer-type reservoirs show the greatest development potential(quartz content 65%,average porosity 15%,permeability>10 mD,and mobile fluid saturation 60%),whereas matrix-type reservoirs are the least favorable(dominated by 40 nm nanoscale pores,and clay content 45%).Mineral composition,sedimentary-diagenetic processes,and fault systems collectively control reservoir property heterogeneity.Quartz-rich rigid frameworks resist compaction,resulting in a porosity increase by approximately 2% for every 10%rise in q uartz content.The transformation of clay minerals induces stratified porosity zoning within the layered reservoirs,while fault systems enhance heterogeneity through the development of fracture networks and acid-induced dissolution.This study provides theoretical support for the evaluation and development of shale oil sweet spots in the Weixinan Depression and holds practical significance for the commercial development of shale oil in China's offshore areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82072529(to HWHT)Key Laboratory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes,No.2021KSYS009(to HWHT)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2022M720907(to HHG)。
文摘Alzheimer's disease is the primary cause of dementia and imposes a significant socioeconomic burden globally.Physical exercise,as an effective strategy for improving general health,has been largely reported for its effectiveness in slowing neurodegeneration and increasing brain functional plasticity,particularly in aging brains.However,the underlying mechanisms of exercise in cognitive aging remain largely unclear.Adiponectin,a cell-secreted protein hormone,has recently been found to regulate synaptic plasticity and mediate the antidepressant effects of physical exercise.Studies on the neuroprotective effects of adiponectin have revealed potential innovative treatments for Alzheimer's disease.Here,we reviewed the functions of adiponectin and its receptor in the brains of human and animal models of cognitive impairment.We summarized the role of adiponectin in Alzheimer's disease,focusing on its impact on energy metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammation.We also discuss how exercise increases adiponectin secretion and its potential benefits for learning and memory.Finally,we highlight the latest research on chemical compounds that mimic exerciseenhanced secretion of adiponectin and its receptor in Alzheimer's disease.
文摘Background:Depression is a growing public health concern among Chinese children and adolescents,with substantial healthcare costs.Physical activity(PA)and organized sport are modifiable behaviours protective against depression.This study,therefore,estimated the healthcare costs of depression attributable to insufficient PA and organized sport participation.Methods:A cost-of-illness approach with population attributable fraction(PAF)was applied.Relative risks were derived from longitudinal evidence,prevalence estimates from national Chinese surveys,and depression case numbers from the Global Burden of Disease 2021.Direct healthcare costs were extrapolated from European Union estimates,adjusted to 2024 US dollars(USD),and Chinese expenditure.Sex-stratified analyses were conducted.Results:Estimated depression-related healthcare costs attributable to insufficient PA were approximately 81 million USD,compared with around 84 million USD attributable to insufficient organized sport participation.At the population level,the economic burden attributable to insufficient PA and organized sport was of a similar order of magnitude.Among boys,costs attributable to insufficient organized sport participation(approximately 57 million USD)exceeded those attributable to insufficient PA(around 39 million USD),whereas among girls,costs attributable to insufficient PA(approximately 42 million USD)were higher than those related to organized sport(around 27 million USD).These sex-specific patterns were consistent across sensitivity analyses examining uncertainty in key model parameters.Conclusions:Both insufficient PA and organized sport contribute substantially to depression-related healthcare costs,with sex-specific differences.Policies should prioritise promoting overall PA in girls and organized sport in boys to reduce depression burden and associated expenditures.The magnitude of these attributable costs indicates an economically meaningful burden that is potentially modifiable through behavioural interventions.
