Basedonthe 16S mitochondrial partial gene sequences of 29 genera, containing 26 from Oedipodidae and one each from Tanaoceridae, Pyrgomorphidae and Tetrigidae （as outgroups）, the homologus sequences were compared an...Basedonthe 16S mitochondrial partial gene sequences of 29 genera, containing 26 from Oedipodidae and one each from Tanaoceridae, Pyrgomorphidae and Tetrigidae （as outgroups）, the homologus sequences were compared and phylogenetic analyses were performed. A phylogenetic tree was inferred by neighbor-joining （N J）. The results of sequences compared show that： （i） in a total of 574 bp of Oedipodidae, the number of substituted nucleotides was 265 bp and the average percentages ofT, C, A and G were 38.3%, 11.4%, 31.8% and 18.5%, respectively, and the content of A＋T （70.1%） was distinctly richer than that of C＋G （29.9%）; and （ii） the average nucleotide divergence of 16S rDNA sequences among genera of Oedipodidae were 9.0%, among families of Acridoidea were 17.0%, and between superfamilies （Tetrigoidea and Acridoidea） were 23.9%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree indicated： （i） the Oedipodidae was a monophyletic group, which suggested that the taxonomic status of this family was confirmed; （ii） the genus Heteropternis separated from the other Oedipodids first and had another unique sound-producing structure in morphology, which is the type-genus of subfamily Heteropterninae; and （iii） the relative intergeneric relationship within the same continent was closer than that of different continents, and between the Eurasian genera and the African genera, was closer than that between Eurasians and Americans.展开更多
H9N2 avian influenza virus(AIV) has widely circulated in poultry worldwide and sporadic infections in humans and mammals. During our surveillance of chicken from 2019 to 2021 in Shandong Province, China, we isolated 1...H9N2 avian influenza virus(AIV) has widely circulated in poultry worldwide and sporadic infections in humans and mammals. During our surveillance of chicken from 2019 to 2021 in Shandong Province, China, we isolated 11 H9N2AIVs. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the eight gene segments of the 11 isolates were closely related to several sublineages of Eurasian lineage: BJ/94-like clades(HA and NA genes), G1-like clades(PB2 and M genes), and SH/F/98-like clades(PB1, PA, NP and NS genes). The isolates showed mutation sites that preferentially bind to humanlike receptors(HA) and mammalian fitness sites(PB2, PB1 and PA), as well as mutations in antigen and drug resistance sites. Moreover, studies with mice revealed four isolates with varying levels of pathogenicity. The average antibody titer of the H9N2 AIVs was 8.60 log2. Based on our results, the epidemiological surveillance of H9N2 AIVs should be strengthened.展开更多
A new species of Leptobrachella is described from Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality,China.Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences indicated that the new species is g...A new species of Leptobrachella is described from Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality,China.Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences indicated that the new species is genetically divergent from its congeners.It could be identified from its congeners by a combination of followings characters:body size of male 29.1-34.1 mm(n=14),female 34.1-34.9 mm(n=4);dorsal skin rough with large tubercles in size of humeral glands,without conical spines;fringes on toes narrow;ventral body basically floral white with deep grey pigments all over;dorsal body deep greyish brown with smoky black markings;iris gold above,gradually silver bellow;tibia-tarsal articulation reaches the level of the middle of the eye when leg being stretched forward;the main call type with dominant frequency4.08 ± 0.16 kHz(14.1-14.9℃),call duration 170.35± 15.19ms,the number of pulses for the first note in a call 3.50±0.89,and the number of pulses for the second note in a call 5.08±0.77.展开更多
The genus Trachypithecus is the most diverse langur taxon, distributed in southwestern China, south and southeastern Asia. In this study, we include 16 recognized Trachypithecus species to reconstruct the phylogeny wi...The genus Trachypithecus is the most diverse langur taxon, distributed in southwestern China, south and southeastern Asia. In this study, we include 16 recognized Trachypithecus species to reconstruct the phylogeny with particular concern to the taxonomy of the three subspecies of Z phayrei using multiple genes. Our results support a sister-relationship between Z p. phayrei and T p. shanicus. However, the mitochondrial CYT B gene supported T. p. crepuscula as a distinct species, but the nuclear PRMI gene suggested a closer relationship between T p. crepuscula and T p. phayrei. The incongruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes suggests that hybridization may have occurred, a fact that would benefit from re-examination using multiple unlinked nuclear genes.展开更多
In this paper, we explore possible conflict between morphological and molecular interpretations of phylogenetic relationships within the well-known peritrichous genus Zoothamnium. On the basis of morphological evidenc...In this paper, we explore possible conflict between morphological and molecular interpretations of phylogenetic relationships within the well-known peritrichous genus Zoothamnium. On the basis of morphological evidence, for a long time this genus has been believed to be a well-defined monophyletic taxon. Nonetheless, Zoothamnium exhibits higher genetic diversity than the gross morphology of its species. Here, we used all available genetic information for the small subunit of ribosomal RNA （SSU rRNA） and internal transcribed spacer region （ITS1-5.8S-ITS2） for this genus to reconstruct phylogenies for four datasets （SSU rRNA, ITS1, ITS2, and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2） and a combined dataset （SSU rRNA＋ITSI-5.8S- ITS2） using different phylogenetic methods and with consideration of the secondary structure of the genes. Confidence in phylogenetic tree selection was assessed with the approximately unbiased test. The molecular results showed both that Zoothamnium is more likely to be polyphyletic, and morphologically similar genera Zoothamnopsis and Myoschiston were always nested among Zoothamnium species. Accordingly, as with some other groups of ciliates, to understand more fully the correct phylogeny of Zoothamnium there remains a need for additional data from both morphological and molecular studies, covering additional Zoothamnium spp. and members of closely related genera （e.g. Zoothamnopsis, Myoschiston, and Epistylis）.展开更多
A new species of Psychropotidae holothuroid,Benthodytes palauta sp.nov.,was collected from the Kyushu-Palau Ridge at a depth of 2666 m.This new species is characterized by a leathery body wall,red-violet skin,five pai...A new species of Psychropotidae holothuroid,Benthodytes palauta sp.nov.,was collected from the Kyushu-Palau Ridge at a depth of 2666 m.This new species is characterized by a leathery body wall,red-violet skin,five pairs of dorsal papillae,nineteen pairs of tube feet,and a narrow brim.The internal organs include one Polian vesicle,two tufts of gonads,and no respiratory trees.Ventral ossicles are large and spinous,with crosses of four arms with central bipartite apophyses.Papillae ossicles are crosses with four arms with bipartite apophyses.The dorsal ossicles were few and large,and cross-shaped with four arms and central bipartite apophyses.Tentacle ossicles were large and rod-shaped or slender rods.Gonad ossicles were primary crosses of four arms and brim ossicles were cross-shaped with spines.The phylogenetic analyses of this species support that B.palauta sp.nov.belongs to Benthodytes.Furthermore,the paraphyletic relationships were confirmed;however,a revision of the genus Benthodytes is needed to resolve its phylogenetic relationship.展开更多
The genus Trachypithecus is the most diverse langur taxon,distributed in southwestern China,south and southeastern Asia.In this study,we include 16 recognized Trachypithecus species to reconstruct the phylogeny with p...The genus Trachypithecus is the most diverse langur taxon,distributed in southwestern China,south and southeastern Asia.In this study,we include 16 recognized Trachypithecus species to reconstruct the phylogeny with particular concern to the taxonomy of the three subspecies of T.phayrei using multiple genes.Our results support a sister-relationship between T.p.phayrei and T.p.shanicus.However,the mitochondrial CYT B gene supported T.p.crepuscula as a distinct species,but the nuclear PRM1 gene suggested a closer relationship between T.p.crepuscula and T.p.phayrei.The incongruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes suggests that hybridization may have occurred,a fact that would benefit from re-examination using multiple unlinked nuclear genes.展开更多
Gene sequence-based genealogies of scuticociliates are different from those produced by morphological analyses.For this reason,11 representative scuticociliates and two ambiguously related genera were chosen to test t...Gene sequence-based genealogies of scuticociliates are different from those produced by morphological analyses.For this reason,11 representative scuticociliates and two ambiguously related genera were chosen to test the ability of combined phylogenetic analyses using both gene sequences and morphological/morphogenetic characteristics.Analyses of both the SSrRNA gene sequences and the combined datasets revealed a consistent branching pattern.While the terminal branches and the order level relationships were generally well resolved,the family level relationships remain unresolved.However,two other trees based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences and morphological/morphogenetic characters showed limited information,due to a lack of informative sites in these two datasets.Our data suggest,however,that the combined analysis of morphological/morphogenetic characters and gene sequences did produce some changes to the phylogenetic estimates of this group.展开更多
A new species of the genus Liurana is described from Medog,Xizang,China,based on morphological and molecular data.Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial gene COI indicated that this new species rep...A new species of the genus Liurana is described from Medog,Xizang,China,based on morphological and molecular data.Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial gene COI indicated that this new species represented an independent evolutionary lineage.In addition,the uncorrected genetic distance between the new species and its closest congener species,L.alpina,was 9.6%-9.8%for COI.The new species,Liurana namchabarwa sp.nov.Yu,Lin,Wang,Jiang and Xie,could be distinguished from its congeners by following characters:(1)relatively large body size in this genus,SVL=21.2-23.1 mm in adult males(n=3);(2)relatively narrow head(HL/HW=100.5%-104.8%(n=3));(3)digital disc not expanded;(4)relatively long hindlimbs,with tibiotarsal articulation reaching tip of snout when adpressed.展开更多
Beckmannia syzigachne is a noxious weed for rice-wheat rotations in China.The B.syzigachne(AH-02)population evolved metabolic resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl.To investigate the function of GT7...Beckmannia syzigachne is a noxious weed for rice-wheat rotations in China.The B.syzigachne(AH-02)population evolved metabolic resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl.To investigate the function of GT73C1 in this population,the GT73C1 gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and the sequence was 100%consistent with the transcriptome data.Its phylogenetic tree was displayed and annotated using FigTree v1.4.4.The plant overexpression vector of GT73C1 gene was constructed and used to transform Brachypodium distachyon plants.Furthermore,the expression of GT73C1 was significantly induced by fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl,which was consistent with the findings from the whole plant bioassay.These results indicate that GT73C1 is closely related to the metabolic resistance of B.distachyon.展开更多
In Zeng et al.(2024),we employed mitochondrial genome sequencing to investigate the evolutionary history and cryptic diversity within the Erinaceidae family.Our phylogenetic analyses revealed widespread cryptic divers...In Zeng et al.(2024),we employed mitochondrial genome sequencing to investigate the evolutionary history and cryptic diversity within the Erinaceidae family.Our phylogenetic analyses revealed widespread cryptic diversity,particularly within the genus Hylomys of the subfamily Galericinae.This study proposed that several Hylomys subspecies likely merit full species status and identified two potentially unrecognized subspecies:Hylomys suillus ssp.1 and H.suillus ssp.2(Figures 1-3 in Zeng et al.2024).展开更多
Odorant-binding proteins(OBPs)are crucial in insect's olfactory perception,which participate in the initial step of odorant molecules transporting from the external environment to olfactory receptor neurons.To bet...Odorant-binding proteins(OBPs)are crucial in insect's olfactory perception,which participate in the initial step of odorant molecules transporting from the external environment to olfactory receptor neurons.To better understand the roles for OBPs in olfactory perception in Cotesia vestalis,a solitary larval endoparasitoid of diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella,we have comprehensively screened the genome of C.vestalis,and obtained 20 CvesOBPs,including 18 classic OBPs and two minus-C OBPs.Motif-pattern analysis indicates that the motifs of C.vestalis OBPs are highly conserved in Hymenoptera.The results of tissue expression analysis show that five OBPs(CvesOBP1/11/12/14/16)are highly expressed in male antennae,whereas six other OBP genes(CvesOBP7/8/13/17/18/19)are significantly transcriptionally enriched in female antennae.The results of RNA interference experiments for three most highly expressed OBP genes(CvesOBP17/18/19)in female antennae demonstrate that they are likely involved in parasitic processes of female wasps,as the wasps take a longer time to target the hosts when they are knoc ked down.展开更多
The subclass Peritrichia,containing two orders Sessilida and Mobilida,is a major group of ciliates with worldwide distribution and high species diversity.Several studies have investigated the phylogeny of peritrichs;h...The subclass Peritrichia,containing two orders Sessilida and Mobilida,is a major group of ciliates with worldwide distribution and high species diversity.Several studies have investigated the phylogeny of peritrichs;however,the evolutionary relationships and classification of some families and genera within the Sessilida remain unclear.In the present study,we isolated and identified 22 peritrich populations representing four families and six genera and obtained 64 rDNA sequences to perform phylogenetic analyses and assess their systematic relationships.Ancestral character reconstruction was also carried out to infer evolutionary routes within the Sessilida.The results indicate:(1)family Vaginicolidae is monophyletic and acquisition of the typical peritrich lorica represents a single evolutionary divergence;(2)core epistylidids evolved from a Zoothamnium-like ancestor and experienced spasmoneme loss during evolution;(3)Campanella clusters with species in the basal clade and shows stable morphological differences with other epistylidids,supporting its assignment to a separate family;(4)the structure of the peristomial lip may be a genus-level character rather than a diagnostic character for discriminating Epistylididae and Operculariidae,thus a redefinition of Operculariidae should be carried out when more species have been investigated;(5)some characters,such as lifestyle(solitary or colonial),spasmoneme and living habit(sessile or free-swimming),evolved repeatedly among sessilids indicating that species with non-contractile stalks or that are free-swimming have multiple evolutionary routes and might derive from any sessilid lineage without a lorica.The close phylogenetic relationships of some morphologically distinct sessilids imply that the diagnoses of some genera and families should be improved.展开更多
Chromite mine soil is highly contaminated with different heavy metals like chromium,cadmium,lead,and arsenic.In the present study,42 numbers of metal-tolerant bacteria(Cr-14,Cd-9,Pb-11,and As-8)were isolated from thre...Chromite mine soil is highly contaminated with different heavy metals like chromium,cadmium,lead,and arsenic.In the present study,42 numbers of metal-tolerant bacteria(Cr-14,Cd-9,Pb-11,and As-8)were isolated from three soil samples collected from chromite mine soils of Sukinda,Odisha using nutrient broth medium supplemented with 50 mg/L of each of the above four metals.The isolated metal-tolerant bacteria were screened using increased above mentioned metal ion concentrations(50,100 ppm,200,500,700,and 1000 mg/L)to know the maximum resistance of the bacteria towards a particular metal.Out of the 42 predominant bacterial isolates,4 bacteria(CrS_(2)C_(7),PbS_(1)M_(1),CdS_(2)M_(1) and AsS_(1)M_(2))showing high resistance to respective metal ions were subjected to biochemical characterization followed by 16S rRNA sequencing and identified as Pseudomonas argentinensis(CrS_(2)C_(7)),Bacillus subtilis(PbS_(1)M_(1)),Bacillus thuringiensis(CdS_(2)M_(1)),and Bacillus fungorum(AsS_(1)M_(2)).Further,the Cr^(+6) biosorption potential of these 4 bacteria(CrS_(2)C_(7),PbS_(1)M_(1),AsS_(1)M_(2),and CdS_(2)M_(1))were evaluated using 100 mg/L K2Cr_(2)O_(7) metal solution.Out of the above four isolates,P.argentinensis showed highest biosorption of 73.4%for Cr^(+6) metal ion solution The present finding of Cr^(+6) biosorption by P.argentinensis indicates that it can be used as an effective biosorbent for biosorption of Cr^(+6) from chromate contaminated aqueous environment.展开更多
文摘Basedonthe 16S mitochondrial partial gene sequences of 29 genera, containing 26 from Oedipodidae and one each from Tanaoceridae, Pyrgomorphidae and Tetrigidae （as outgroups）, the homologus sequences were compared and phylogenetic analyses were performed. A phylogenetic tree was inferred by neighbor-joining （N J）. The results of sequences compared show that： （i） in a total of 574 bp of Oedipodidae, the number of substituted nucleotides was 265 bp and the average percentages ofT, C, A and G were 38.3%, 11.4%, 31.8% and 18.5%, respectively, and the content of A＋T （70.1%） was distinctly richer than that of C＋G （29.9%）; and （ii） the average nucleotide divergence of 16S rDNA sequences among genera of Oedipodidae were 9.0%, among families of Acridoidea were 17.0%, and between superfamilies （Tetrigoidea and Acridoidea） were 23.9%, respectively. The phylogenetic tree indicated： （i） the Oedipodidae was a monophyletic group, which suggested that the taxonomic status of this family was confirmed; （ii） the genus Heteropternis separated from the other Oedipodids first and had another unique sound-producing structure in morphology, which is the type-genus of subfamily Heteropterninae; and （iii） the relative intergeneric relationship within the same continent was closer than that of different continents, and between the Eurasian genera and the African genera, was closer than that between Eurasians and Americans.
文摘H9N2 avian influenza virus(AIV) has widely circulated in poultry worldwide and sporadic infections in humans and mammals. During our surveillance of chicken from 2019 to 2021 in Shandong Province, China, we isolated 11 H9N2AIVs. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the eight gene segments of the 11 isolates were closely related to several sublineages of Eurasian lineage: BJ/94-like clades(HA and NA genes), G1-like clades(PB2 and M genes), and SH/F/98-like clades(PB1, PA, NP and NS genes). The isolates showed mutation sites that preferentially bind to humanlike receptors(HA) and mammalian fitness sites(PB2, PB1 and PA), as well as mutations in antigen and drug resistance sites. Moreover, studies with mice revealed four isolates with varying levels of pathogenicity. The average antibody titer of the H9N2 AIVs was 8.60 log2. Based on our results, the epidemiological surveillance of H9N2 AIVs should be strengthened.
基金supported by West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.2021XBZG_XBQNXZ_A_006)National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:32270498 and 32070426)China Biodiversity Observation Networks(Sino BON-Amphibian and Reptile)。
文摘A new species of Leptobrachella is described from Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality,China.Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences indicated that the new species is genetically divergent from its congeners.It could be identified from its congeners by a combination of followings characters:body size of male 29.1-34.1 mm(n=14),female 34.1-34.9 mm(n=4);dorsal skin rough with large tubercles in size of humeral glands,without conical spines;fringes on toes narrow;ventral body basically floral white with deep grey pigments all over;dorsal body deep greyish brown with smoky black markings;iris gold above,gradually silver bellow;tibia-tarsal articulation reaches the level of the middle of the eye when leg being stretched forward;the main call type with dominant frequency4.08 ± 0.16 kHz(14.1-14.9℃),call duration 170.35± 15.19ms,the number of pulses for the first note in a call 3.50±0.89,and the number of pulses for the second note in a call 5.08±0.77.
文摘The genus Trachypithecus is the most diverse langur taxon, distributed in southwestern China, south and southeastern Asia. In this study, we include 16 recognized Trachypithecus species to reconstruct the phylogeny with particular concern to the taxonomy of the three subspecies of Z phayrei using multiple genes. Our results support a sister-relationship between Z p. phayrei and T p. shanicus. However, the mitochondrial CYT B gene supported T. p. crepuscula as a distinct species, but the nuclear PRMI gene suggested a closer relationship between T p. crepuscula and T p. phayrei. The incongruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes suggests that hybridization may have occurred, a fact that would benefit from re-examination using multiple unlinked nuclear genes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31071898,31111120437)the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars,State Education Ministry of China+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Mariculture(KLM),Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,the Research Group Project(No.RGP-VPP-083)the King Saud University Deanship of Scientific Research
文摘In this paper, we explore possible conflict between morphological and molecular interpretations of phylogenetic relationships within the well-known peritrichous genus Zoothamnium. On the basis of morphological evidence, for a long time this genus has been believed to be a well-defined monophyletic taxon. Nonetheless, Zoothamnium exhibits higher genetic diversity than the gross morphology of its species. Here, we used all available genetic information for the small subunit of ribosomal RNA （SSU rRNA） and internal transcribed spacer region （ITS1-5.8S-ITS2） for this genus to reconstruct phylogenies for four datasets （SSU rRNA, ITS1, ITS2, and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2） and a combined dataset （SSU rRNA＋ITSI-5.8S- ITS2） using different phylogenetic methods and with consideration of the secondary structure of the genes. Confidence in phylogenetic tree selection was assessed with the approximately unbiased test. The molecular results showed both that Zoothamnium is more likely to be polyphyletic, and morphologically similar genera Zoothamnopsis and Myoschiston were always nested among Zoothamnium species. Accordingly, as with some other groups of ciliates, to understand more fully the correct phylogeny of Zoothamnium there remains a need for additional data from both morphological and molecular studies, covering additional Zoothamnium spp. and members of closely related genera （e.g. Zoothamnopsis, Myoschiston, and Epistylis）.
基金The Foundation of the China Ocean Mineral Resources R&D Association under contract Nos DY135-E2-2-03 and DY-XZ-02
文摘A new species of Psychropotidae holothuroid,Benthodytes palauta sp.nov.,was collected from the Kyushu-Palau Ridge at a depth of 2666 m.This new species is characterized by a leathery body wall,red-violet skin,five pairs of dorsal papillae,nineteen pairs of tube feet,and a narrow brim.The internal organs include one Polian vesicle,two tufts of gonads,and no respiratory trees.Ventral ossicles are large and spinous,with crosses of four arms with central bipartite apophyses.Papillae ossicles are crosses with four arms with bipartite apophyses.The dorsal ossicles were few and large,and cross-shaped with four arms and central bipartite apophyses.Tentacle ossicles were large and rod-shaped or slender rods.Gonad ossicles were primary crosses of four arms and brim ossicles were cross-shaped with spines.The phylogenetic analyses of this species support that B.palauta sp.nov.belongs to Benthodytes.Furthermore,the paraphyletic relationships were confirmed;however,a revision of the genus Benthodytes is needed to resolve its phylogenetic relationship.
基金the Fund of State Key Laboratory of Genetics Resources and Evolution,Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(GREKF12-06)。
文摘The genus Trachypithecus is the most diverse langur taxon,distributed in southwestern China,south and southeastern Asia.In this study,we include 16 recognized Trachypithecus species to reconstruct the phylogeny with particular concern to the taxonomy of the three subspecies of T.phayrei using multiple genes.Our results support a sister-relationship between T.p.phayrei and T.p.shanicus.However,the mitochondrial CYT B gene supported T.p.crepuscula as a distinct species,but the nuclear PRM1 gene suggested a closer relationship between T.p.crepuscula and T.p.phayrei.The incongruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes suggests that hybridization may have occurred,a fact that would benefit from re-examination using multiple unlinked nuclear genes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30870280)a grant from the Center of Excellence in Biodiversity,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
文摘Gene sequence-based genealogies of scuticociliates are different from those produced by morphological analyses.For this reason,11 representative scuticociliates and two ambiguously related genera were chosen to test the ability of combined phylogenetic analyses using both gene sequences and morphological/morphogenetic characteristics.Analyses of both the SSrRNA gene sequences and the combined datasets revealed a consistent branching pattern.While the terminal branches and the order level relationships were generally well resolved,the family level relationships remain unresolved.However,two other trees based on ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region sequences and morphological/morphogenetic characters showed limited information,due to a lack of informative sites in these two datasets.Our data suggest,however,that the combined analysis of morphological/morphogenetic characters and gene sequences did produce some changes to the phylogenetic estimates of this group.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(2019QZKK05010203)the Survey of Wildlife Resources in Key Areas of Xizang(Phase II,ZL202303601)Program of conservation measures study on amphibians and reptiles of Grand Canyon National Nature Reserve,and China Biodiversity Observation Networks(Sino BON).
文摘A new species of the genus Liurana is described from Medog,Xizang,China,based on morphological and molecular data.Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on the mitochondrial gene COI indicated that this new species represented an independent evolutionary lineage.In addition,the uncorrected genetic distance between the new species and its closest congener species,L.alpina,was 9.6%-9.8%for COI.The new species,Liurana namchabarwa sp.nov.Yu,Lin,Wang,Jiang and Xie,could be distinguished from its congeners by following characters:(1)relatively large body size in this genus,SVL=21.2-23.1 mm in adult males(n=3);(2)relatively narrow head(HL/HW=100.5%-104.8%(n=3));(3)digital disc not expanded;(4)relatively long hindlimbs,with tibiotarsal articulation reaching tip of snout when adpressed.
基金Scientific Research Foundation for Ph.D.Programs of Zaozhuang University(21/1020708)Science and Technology Program of Zaozhuang(2020NS20)+1 种基金Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program(J18KA134)Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2019PC011).
文摘Beckmannia syzigachne is a noxious weed for rice-wheat rotations in China.The B.syzigachne(AH-02)population evolved metabolic resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl.To investigate the function of GT73C1 in this population,the GT73C1 gene was amplified by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,and the sequence was 100%consistent with the transcriptome data.Its phylogenetic tree was displayed and annotated using FigTree v1.4.4.The plant overexpression vector of GT73C1 gene was constructed and used to transform Brachypodium distachyon plants.Furthermore,the expression of GT73C1 was significantly induced by fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and mesosulfuron-methyl,which was consistent with the findings from the whole plant bioassay.These results indicate that GT73C1 is closely related to the metabolic resistance of B.distachyon.
文摘In Zeng et al.(2024),we employed mitochondrial genome sequencing to investigate the evolutionary history and cryptic diversity within the Erinaceidae family.Our phylogenetic analyses revealed widespread cryptic diversity,particularly within the genus Hylomys of the subfamily Galericinae.This study proposed that several Hylomys subspecies likely merit full species status and identified two potentially unrecognized subspecies:Hylomys suillus ssp.1 and H.suillus ssp.2(Figures 1-3 in Zeng et al.2024).
基金the National Science Foundation of China(31630060,31672079 and 31772522)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LR 18C140001).
文摘Odorant-binding proteins(OBPs)are crucial in insect's olfactory perception,which participate in the initial step of odorant molecules transporting from the external environment to olfactory receptor neurons.To better understand the roles for OBPs in olfactory perception in Cotesia vestalis,a solitary larval endoparasitoid of diamondback moth,Plutella xylostella,we have comprehensively screened the genome of C.vestalis,and obtained 20 CvesOBPs,including 18 classic OBPs and two minus-C OBPs.Motif-pattern analysis indicates that the motifs of C.vestalis OBPs are highly conserved in Hymenoptera.The results of tissue expression analysis show that five OBPs(CvesOBP1/11/12/14/16)are highly expressed in male antennae,whereas six other OBP genes(CvesOBP7/8/13/17/18/19)are significantly transcriptionally enriched in female antennae.The results of RNA interference experiments for three most highly expressed OBP genes(CvesOBP17/18/19)in female antennae demonstrate that they are likely involved in parasitic processes of female wasps,as the wasps take a longer time to target the hosts when they are knoc ked down.
基金supported by the Laoshan Laboratory(No.LSKJ202203201)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFD0900303)+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(project numbers:32030015,32000300,32270481,32100382)Hubei Agricultural Sciences and Technology Innovation Center(2021-620-000-001-33)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(project numbers:2022M711922,2021M701993)the Researchers Supporting Project(Project number RSP2022R10)of King Saud University,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The subclass Peritrichia,containing two orders Sessilida and Mobilida,is a major group of ciliates with worldwide distribution and high species diversity.Several studies have investigated the phylogeny of peritrichs;however,the evolutionary relationships and classification of some families and genera within the Sessilida remain unclear.In the present study,we isolated and identified 22 peritrich populations representing four families and six genera and obtained 64 rDNA sequences to perform phylogenetic analyses and assess their systematic relationships.Ancestral character reconstruction was also carried out to infer evolutionary routes within the Sessilida.The results indicate:(1)family Vaginicolidae is monophyletic and acquisition of the typical peritrich lorica represents a single evolutionary divergence;(2)core epistylidids evolved from a Zoothamnium-like ancestor and experienced spasmoneme loss during evolution;(3)Campanella clusters with species in the basal clade and shows stable morphological differences with other epistylidids,supporting its assignment to a separate family;(4)the structure of the peristomial lip may be a genus-level character rather than a diagnostic character for discriminating Epistylididae and Operculariidae,thus a redefinition of Operculariidae should be carried out when more species have been investigated;(5)some characters,such as lifestyle(solitary or colonial),spasmoneme and living habit(sessile or free-swimming),evolved repeatedly among sessilids indicating that species with non-contractile stalks or that are free-swimming have multiple evolutionary routes and might derive from any sessilid lineage without a lorica.The close phylogenetic relationships of some morphologically distinct sessilids imply that the diagnoses of some genera and families should be improved.
文摘Chromite mine soil is highly contaminated with different heavy metals like chromium,cadmium,lead,and arsenic.In the present study,42 numbers of metal-tolerant bacteria(Cr-14,Cd-9,Pb-11,and As-8)were isolated from three soil samples collected from chromite mine soils of Sukinda,Odisha using nutrient broth medium supplemented with 50 mg/L of each of the above four metals.The isolated metal-tolerant bacteria were screened using increased above mentioned metal ion concentrations(50,100 ppm,200,500,700,and 1000 mg/L)to know the maximum resistance of the bacteria towards a particular metal.Out of the 42 predominant bacterial isolates,4 bacteria(CrS_(2)C_(7),PbS_(1)M_(1),CdS_(2)M_(1) and AsS_(1)M_(2))showing high resistance to respective metal ions were subjected to biochemical characterization followed by 16S rRNA sequencing and identified as Pseudomonas argentinensis(CrS_(2)C_(7)),Bacillus subtilis(PbS_(1)M_(1)),Bacillus thuringiensis(CdS_(2)M_(1)),and Bacillus fungorum(AsS_(1)M_(2)).Further,the Cr^(+6) biosorption potential of these 4 bacteria(CrS_(2)C_(7),PbS_(1)M_(1),AsS_(1)M_(2),and CdS_(2)M_(1))were evaluated using 100 mg/L K2Cr_(2)O_(7) metal solution.Out of the above four isolates,P.argentinensis showed highest biosorption of 73.4%for Cr^(+6) metal ion solution The present finding of Cr^(+6) biosorption by P.argentinensis indicates that it can be used as an effective biosorbent for biosorption of Cr^(+6) from chromate contaminated aqueous environment.
