To learn the marine phycotoxins(MPTs)contamination status in mariculture areas in the East China Sea(ECS),from May 2020 to October 2021,80 net-concentrated phytoplankton samples were collected from 12 stations in thre...To learn the marine phycotoxins(MPTs)contamination status in mariculture areas in the East China Sea(ECS),from May 2020 to October 2021,80 net-concentrated phytoplankton samples were collected from 12 stations in three typical areas with high incidence of red tides,namely,Gouqi Island,Sandu’ao-Lianjiang,and Zhangzhou-Dongshan Island in ECS,and MPTs of the samples were detected.Six types of toxins were detected in 24 samples from 9 stations.Lipophilic marine toxins(LMTs)were more common and diverse in these areas.Pectenotoxin 2(PTX2)was the main lipophilic marine toxin(LMT)in the concentrated phytoplankton samples and the occurrence showed seasonal differences from north to south.According to the potential risks of pectenotoxin(PTXs)to seafood safety,it is suggested to execute regular monitoring on PTXs in ECS and a mandatory standard should be formulated based on the comprehensive analysis of in-situ monitoring and lab research.Meanwhile,contamination risks of cyclic imine toxins in the north and domoic acid(DA)in the south of ECS should also be paid with attention to.Only 2 paralytic shellfish toxins(PSTs),N-sulfocarbamoyl toxin C2(C2),and decarbamoyl gonyatoxin 3(dcGTX3),were found from spring samples in the north of ECS.As the biggest mussel culture county of China,Gouqi Island showed higher toxin diversity and the toxin detection rate was higher than the other two areas.In Gouqi Island area,PSTs were a serious potential threat in spring,and LMTs instead of PSTs became the main risk in summer-autumn seasons.To ensure the safety of seafood and marine environmental health,it is recommended to conduct long-term targeted tracking and monitoring of MPTs in this and similar mariculture areas.展开更多
A screening of human phycotoxin poisoning symptoms was done in the coastal communities of Nigeria, every quarter for one year, using structured questionnaires. A multi-stage sampling technique consisting of cluster, s...A screening of human phycotoxin poisoning symptoms was done in the coastal communities of Nigeria, every quarter for one year, using structured questionnaires. A multi-stage sampling technique consisting of cluster, snowballing, convenience purposive and random sampling was applied in the study. Based on the responses, a total of 17 Harmful algal toxin-related poisoning symptoms were recorded from respondents, who experienced these symptoms from seafood consumption. The symptoms were Balance difficulty, Breathing difficulty, Burning sensation, Chills, Confusion, Diarrhea, Dizziness, Body itching, Headache, Memory loss, Mouth tingling, Muscle pain, Nausea, Rashes, Abdominal pain, Tiredness and Vomiting. These could be grouped into five categories of diseases namely, Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, Neurological, Dermatological, and Musculo-Skeletal symptoms. The most commonly experienced symptoms were vomiting (24%), mouth tingling (21%), Nausea (14%), diarrhea (11%), headache (10%), tiredness (9%) and body itching (8%) and the least were muscle pain, rashes, confusion, chills, dizziness, balance difficulty burning sensation, breathing difficulty and abdominal pain. Statistical analyses revealed a nexus and significant relationship between visible symptoms and: seafood;season;water colour;habitats/environment of dead seafood and age of respondents. Symptoms enlisted are reminiscent of harmful algal blooms, with grave consequences for public health, commercial fisheries, recreation, tourism, monitoring/management. Therefore, preventive measures, requiring routine monitoring of water bodies, coupled with greater public awareness is suggested for early detection of occurrence of toxin-producing symptoms.展开更多
This paper presents the effects of harmful algae on fish based on the studies in recent years. The results show that the harmful algae can affect the survival, enzyme, cell, tissue and behavior of fish directly or ind...This paper presents the effects of harmful algae on fish based on the studies in recent years. The results show that the harmful algae can affect the survival, enzyme, cell, tissue and behavior of fish directly or indirectly, also the phycotoxin can be accumulated in the tissue and organ of fish, and influence the organisms of higher level. At last, we have discussed the elements that affect the toxicity of harmful algae.展开更多
Background:The One Health concept considers the interconnectivity,interactions and interdependence of humans,animals and the environment.Humans,animals and other organisms are constantly exposed to a wide range of nat...Background:The One Health concept considers the interconnectivity,interactions and interdependence of humans,animals and the environment.Humans,animals and other organisms are constantly exposed to a wide range of natural toxins present in the environment.Thus,there is growing concern about the potential detrimental effects that natural toxins could pose to achieve One Health.Interestingly,alkaloids,steroids and bioactive peptides obtained from natural toxins could be used for the development of therapeutic agents.Methodology:Our literature search focused on the following keywords;toxins,One Health,microbial toxins,mycotoxins,phytotoxins,phycotoxins,insect toxins and toxin effects.Google Scholar,Science Direct,PubMed and Web of Science were the search engines used to obtain primary databases.We chose relevant full-text articles and review papers published in English language only.The research was done between July 2022 and January 2023.Results:Natural toxins are poisonous substances comprising bioactive compounds produced by microorganisms,invertebrates,plants and animals.These compounds possess diverse structures and differ in biological function and toxicity,posing risks to human and animal health through the contamination of the environment,causing disease or death in certain cases.Findings from the articles reviewed revealed that effects of natural toxins on animals and humans gained more attention than the impact of natural toxins on the environment and lower organisms,irrespective of the significant roles that lower organisms play to maintain ecosystem balance.Also,systematic approaches for toxin control in the environment and utilization for beneficial purposes are inadequate in many regions.Remarkably,bioactive compounds present in natural toxins have potential for the development of therapeutic agents.These findings suggest that global,comprehensive and coordinated efforts are required for improved management of natural toxins through an interdisciplinary,One Health approach.Conclusion:Adopting a One Health approach is critical to addressing the effects of natural toxins on the health of humans,animals and the environment.展开更多
基金Supported by the Science&Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China(No.2018FY100200)the Central Public-interest Scientifi c Institution Basal Research Fund(No.2020TD68)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFC2601305)。
文摘To learn the marine phycotoxins(MPTs)contamination status in mariculture areas in the East China Sea(ECS),from May 2020 to October 2021,80 net-concentrated phytoplankton samples were collected from 12 stations in three typical areas with high incidence of red tides,namely,Gouqi Island,Sandu’ao-Lianjiang,and Zhangzhou-Dongshan Island in ECS,and MPTs of the samples were detected.Six types of toxins were detected in 24 samples from 9 stations.Lipophilic marine toxins(LMTs)were more common and diverse in these areas.Pectenotoxin 2(PTX2)was the main lipophilic marine toxin(LMT)in the concentrated phytoplankton samples and the occurrence showed seasonal differences from north to south.According to the potential risks of pectenotoxin(PTXs)to seafood safety,it is suggested to execute regular monitoring on PTXs in ECS and a mandatory standard should be formulated based on the comprehensive analysis of in-situ monitoring and lab research.Meanwhile,contamination risks of cyclic imine toxins in the north and domoic acid(DA)in the south of ECS should also be paid with attention to.Only 2 paralytic shellfish toxins(PSTs),N-sulfocarbamoyl toxin C2(C2),and decarbamoyl gonyatoxin 3(dcGTX3),were found from spring samples in the north of ECS.As the biggest mussel culture county of China,Gouqi Island showed higher toxin diversity and the toxin detection rate was higher than the other two areas.In Gouqi Island area,PSTs were a serious potential threat in spring,and LMTs instead of PSTs became the main risk in summer-autumn seasons.To ensure the safety of seafood and marine environmental health,it is recommended to conduct long-term targeted tracking and monitoring of MPTs in this and similar mariculture areas.
文摘A screening of human phycotoxin poisoning symptoms was done in the coastal communities of Nigeria, every quarter for one year, using structured questionnaires. A multi-stage sampling technique consisting of cluster, snowballing, convenience purposive and random sampling was applied in the study. Based on the responses, a total of 17 Harmful algal toxin-related poisoning symptoms were recorded from respondents, who experienced these symptoms from seafood consumption. The symptoms were Balance difficulty, Breathing difficulty, Burning sensation, Chills, Confusion, Diarrhea, Dizziness, Body itching, Headache, Memory loss, Mouth tingling, Muscle pain, Nausea, Rashes, Abdominal pain, Tiredness and Vomiting. These could be grouped into five categories of diseases namely, Respiratory, Gastrointestinal, Neurological, Dermatological, and Musculo-Skeletal symptoms. The most commonly experienced symptoms were vomiting (24%), mouth tingling (21%), Nausea (14%), diarrhea (11%), headache (10%), tiredness (9%) and body itching (8%) and the least were muscle pain, rashes, confusion, chills, dizziness, balance difficulty burning sensation, breathing difficulty and abdominal pain. Statistical analyses revealed a nexus and significant relationship between visible symptoms and: seafood;season;water colour;habitats/environment of dead seafood and age of respondents. Symptoms enlisted are reminiscent of harmful algal blooms, with grave consequences for public health, commercial fisheries, recreation, tourism, monitoring/management. Therefore, preventive measures, requiring routine monitoring of water bodies, coupled with greater public awareness is suggested for early detection of occurrence of toxin-producing symptoms.
文摘This paper presents the effects of harmful algae on fish based on the studies in recent years. The results show that the harmful algae can affect the survival, enzyme, cell, tissue and behavior of fish directly or indirectly, also the phycotoxin can be accumulated in the tissue and organ of fish, and influence the organisms of higher level. At last, we have discussed the elements that affect the toxicity of harmful algae.
基金supported by The Africa Education Initiative(NEF),USA and the National Veterinary Research Institute Vom,Nigeria.
文摘Background:The One Health concept considers the interconnectivity,interactions and interdependence of humans,animals and the environment.Humans,animals and other organisms are constantly exposed to a wide range of natural toxins present in the environment.Thus,there is growing concern about the potential detrimental effects that natural toxins could pose to achieve One Health.Interestingly,alkaloids,steroids and bioactive peptides obtained from natural toxins could be used for the development of therapeutic agents.Methodology:Our literature search focused on the following keywords;toxins,One Health,microbial toxins,mycotoxins,phytotoxins,phycotoxins,insect toxins and toxin effects.Google Scholar,Science Direct,PubMed and Web of Science were the search engines used to obtain primary databases.We chose relevant full-text articles and review papers published in English language only.The research was done between July 2022 and January 2023.Results:Natural toxins are poisonous substances comprising bioactive compounds produced by microorganisms,invertebrates,plants and animals.These compounds possess diverse structures and differ in biological function and toxicity,posing risks to human and animal health through the contamination of the environment,causing disease or death in certain cases.Findings from the articles reviewed revealed that effects of natural toxins on animals and humans gained more attention than the impact of natural toxins on the environment and lower organisms,irrespective of the significant roles that lower organisms play to maintain ecosystem balance.Also,systematic approaches for toxin control in the environment and utilization for beneficial purposes are inadequate in many regions.Remarkably,bioactive compounds present in natural toxins have potential for the development of therapeutic agents.These findings suggest that global,comprehensive and coordinated efforts are required for improved management of natural toxins through an interdisciplinary,One Health approach.Conclusion:Adopting a One Health approach is critical to addressing the effects of natural toxins on the health of humans,animals and the environment.
