Phthalic acid esters(PAEs)are a group of compounds widespread in the environment.To investigate the occurrence and accumulation characteristics of PAEs,surface water samples were collected from the Three Gorges Reserv...Phthalic acid esters(PAEs)are a group of compounds widespread in the environment.To investigate the occurrence and accumulation characteristics of PAEs,surface water samples were collected from the Three Gorges Reservoir area,China.The total concentrations of∑_(11)analyzed PAEs(11PAEs)in the collected water samples ranging from 197.7 to 1,409.3 ng/L(mean±IQR:583.1±308.4 ng/L).While DEHP was the most frequently detected PAE,DnBP and DnNP were the most predominant PAEs in the analyzed water samples with a mean contribution of 63.3%of the∑_(11)PAEs.The concentrations of the∑_(11)PAEs in the water samples from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were significantly higher than those from themiddle reaches.To better understand the transport and fate of the PAEs,seven detected PAEs were modeled by Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interaction(QWASI).The simulated and measured values were close for most PAEs,and differences are within one order of magnitude even for the worst one.For all simulated PAEs,water and particle inflow were main sources in the reservoir,whereas water outflow and degradation in water were important removal pathways.The contribution ratios of different sources/losses varied fromPAEs,depending on their properties.The calculated risk quotients of DnNP in the Three Gorges Reservoir area whether based onmonitoring or simulating results were all far exceeded the safety threshold value,implying the occurrence of this PAE compound may cause potential adverse effects for the aquatic ecology of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.展开更多
Phthalic acid esters(PAEs)are widely released into the environment due to industrial and agricultural activities.This poses significant risks,not only to crops grown on contaminated soil but also to humans.PAEs enter ...Phthalic acid esters(PAEs)are widely released into the environment due to industrial and agricultural activities.This poses significant risks,not only to crops grown on contaminated soil but also to humans.PAEs enter the human body through the food chain,causing potential health hazards.Endophytic bacteria have demonstrated a significant potential as effective bioremediation agents,with specialized mechanisms of PAEs degradation.Endophytic bacteria such as Rhodococcus,Pseudomonas and Sphingomona recognize root exudates,adhere to and penetrate root surfaces,and ultimately colonize crops.They form symbiotic relationships with crops,obtaining nutrients and habitats from crops,meanwhile,promoting plant growth and health through hormone production,nutrient regulation,and the suppression of pathogenic microorganisms.Furthermore,endophytic bacteria efficiently degrade PAEs in soil-crop systems through synergistic interactions with indigenous rhizosphere microflora and regulatory effects on enzyme activity in crops.Here,we review the role of endophytic bacteria in the bioremediation of PAEs-contaminated crops and soils.In addition,we discuss the scarcity of endophytic bacterial strains with a confirmed ability to degrade PAEs,and underscore the lack of the research on the mechanisms of PAEs degradation by these bacteria.This review also points out that future study should investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between endophytic bacteria and PAEs to offer novel insights and solutions for environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development.展开更多
The pollution from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） and phthalic acid esters（PAEs） in the surface water of the rapidly urbanized Yangtze River Delta region was investigated.Fourteen surface water samples wer...The pollution from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） and phthalic acid esters（PAEs） in the surface water of the rapidly urbanized Yangtze River Delta region was investigated.Fourteen surface water samples were collected in June 2010.Water samples were liquid-liquid extracted using methylene chloride and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Concentrations of PAHs and PAEs ranged 12.9-638.1 ng/L and 61-28550 ng/L,respectively.Fluoranthene,naphthalene,pyrene,phenanthrene,di-2ethylhexyl phthalate,and di-n-butyl phthalate were the most abundant compounds in the samples.The water samples were moderately polluted with benzo[a]pyrene according to China＇s environmental quality standard for surface water.The two highest concentrations of PAHs and PAEs occurred in samples from Taihu Lake,Wuxi City and the western section of Yangchenghu Lake.Potential sources of pollution at S7 were petroleum combustion and the plastics industry,and at Yangchenghu Lake were petroleum combustion and domestic waste.Pollution in samples from the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal originated from diesel engines.There were no obvious sources of pollution for the other water samples.These results can be used as reference levels for future monitoring programs of pollution from PAHs and PAEs.展开更多
Abiotic degradability of four phthalic acid esters （PAEs） in the aquatic phase was evaluated over a wide pH range 5-9. The PAE solutions in glass test tubes were placed either in the dark and under the natural sunli...Abiotic degradability of four phthalic acid esters （PAEs） in the aquatic phase was evaluated over a wide pH range 5-9. The PAE solutions in glass test tubes were placed either in the dark and under the natural sunlight irradiation for evaluating the degradation rate via hydrolysis or photolysis plus hydrolysis, respectively, at ambient temperature for 140 d from autumn to winter in Osaka, Japan. The efficiency of abiotic degradation of the PAEs with relatively short alkyl chains, such as butylbenzyl phthalate （BBP） and di-nbutyl phthalate （DBP）, at neutral pH was significantly lower than that in the acidic or alkaline condition. Photolysis was considered to contribute mainly to the total abiotic degradation at all pH. Neither hydrolysis nor photolysis of di-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP） proceeded significantly at any pH, especially hydrolysis at neutral pH was negligible. On the other hand, the degradation rate of di- isononyl phthalate （DINP） catalyzed mainly by photolysis was much higher than those of the other PAEs, and was almost completely removed during the experimental period at pH 5 and 9. As a whole, according to the half-life （t1/2） obtained in the experiments, the abiotic degradability of the PAEs was in the sequence： DINP （32-140 d） 〉 DBP （50-360 d）, BBP （58-480 d） 〉 DEHP （390-1600 d） under sunlight irradiation （via photolysis plus hydrolysis）. Although the abiotic degradation rates for BBP, DBP, and DEHP are much lower than the biodegradation rates reported, the photolysis rate for DINP is comparable to its biodegradation rate in the acidic or alkaline condition.展开更多
A 60-day pot experiment was carried out using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a typical organic pollutant phthalic ester and cowpea (Vigna sinensis) as the host plant to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorr...A 60-day pot experiment was carried out using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a typical organic pollutant phthalic ester and cowpea (Vigna sinensis) as the host plant to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth and degradation of DEHP in two contaminated soils, a yellow-brown soil and a red soil. The air-dried soils were uniformly sprayed with different concentrations of DEHP, inoculated or left uninoculated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, and planted with…展开更多
After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir（TGR）, the hydrological situation of the reservoir has changed greatly. The concentration and distribution of typical persistent organic pollutants in water and sed...After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir（TGR）, the hydrological situation of the reservoir has changed greatly. The concentration and distribution of typical persistent organic pollutants in water and sediment have also changed accordingly. In this study, the concentration, distribution and potential sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） and 6 phthalic acid esters（PAEs） during the water drawdown and impoundment periods were investigated in water and sediment from the TGR. According to our results, PAHs and PAEs showed temporal and spatial variations. The mean ΣPAH and ΣPAE concentrations in water and sediment were both higher during the water impoundment period than during the water drawdown period. The water samples from the main stream showed larger ΣPAH concentration fluctuations than those from tributaries. Both the PAH and PAE concentrations meet the Chinese national water environmental quality standard（GB 3838-2002）. PAH monomers with 2–3 rings and 4 rings were dominant in water, and 4-ring and 5–6-ring PAHs were dominant in sediment. Di-n-butyl phthalate（DBP） and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate（DEHP）were the dominant PAE pollutants in the TGR. DBP and DEHP had the highest concentrations in water and sediment, respectively. The main source of PAHs in water from the TGR was petroleum and emissions from coal and biomass combustion, whereas the main sources of PAHs in sediments included coal and biomass combustion, petroleum, and petroleum combustion. The main source of PAEs in water was domestic waste, and the plastics and heavy chemical industries were the main sources of PAEs in sediment.展开更多
Biodegradability of di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）, butylbenzyl phthalate （BBP）, di-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP）, and di-isononyl phthalate （DINP） under an anaerobic condition was evaluated using three natural sedi...Biodegradability of di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）, butylbenzyl phthalate （BBP）, di-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP）, and di-isononyl phthalate （DINP） under an anaerobic condition was evaluated using three natural sediment microcosms obtained from ponds in Osaka, which had not been significantly polluted by the chemicals. The degradabilities of the four phthalic acid esters（PAEs） were analyzed by a first-order kinetic model with a lag phase and ranked as DBP〉BBP〉〉DEHP〉DINP. The PAEs with shorter alkyl-chains, DBP and BBP, were degraded with quite short lag phases near to zero and short half-lives of a few days. The PAEs with longer alkyl-chains, DEHP and DINP, were degraded with lag phases of 5-30 d and the quite long half-lives of a couple of hundred days. Although no data was available on the anaerobic biodegradability of D1NP before this study, it was clarified that DINP can be degraded with slow degradation rates. The fact that all the three intact sediments were capable of biodegradation of the PAEs suggests that potential of anaerobic biodegradation of PAEs is widespread in the aquatic environment.展开更多
Au/FeOx-TiO2,prepared by deposition-precipitation method,is an efficient and stable catalyst for the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of phthalic anhydride to phthalide under mild reaction conditions.
A novel series of para-diiodobenzene derivatives, 3,6-diiodo-4,5-dialkyl-phthalic acid dimethyl esters, were prepared via cycloaddition of two TMS-substituted alkynes and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, which was med...A novel series of para-diiodobenzene derivatives, 3,6-diiodo-4,5-dialkyl-phthalic acid dimethyl esters, were prepared via cycloaddition of two TMS-substituted alkynes and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, which was mediated by zirconocene. After iodination, three new compounds of 3,6-diiodo-4,5-dimethyl（dipropyl, dibutyl）-phthalic acid dimethyl esters （3a, 3b, 3c） were synthesized in high region-selectivity and yields, and characterized by NMR. The crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of 3a （C12H121204, Mr = 474.02） belongs to the triclinic system, space group Pi with a = 7.6238（10）, b = 9.4571（12）, c = 10.8221（14） A, a = 66.611（10）, fl = 88.511（12）, 7 ： 77.604（11）% V= 697.93（16） A3, Z= 2, F（000） = 444, Dc = 2.256 mg/m3, g = 4.509 mm-1, T=133（2） K, S = 1.014, R = 0.0229 and wR = 0.0547 for 2644 observed reflections with I 〉 20（/）; the crystal of 3b （C16H201204, Mr - 530.12） is of triclinic system, space group Pi with a = 9.4122（19）, b = 10.626（2）, c = 11.353（2） A, a = 97.90（3）, fl = 113.83（3）, y = 110.22（3）°, V= 922.6（3） A3, Z- 2, F（000） = 508, Dc - 1.908 mg/m3, g = 3.422 mm-1, T = 113（2） K, S = 1.115, R = 0.0428 and wR = 0.1072 for 3971 observed reflections with I〉 20（/）; the crystal of 3c （ClsH241204, Mr = 558.17） belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 26.396（2）, b = 8.7560（8）, c = 25.7970（18） A, fl = 91.721（4）o, V= 5959.6（8） A3, Z = 12, F（000） = 3240, Dc = 1.866 mg/m3,/z = 3.184 mm-l, T= 113（2） K, S = 1.154, R = 0.0424 and wR = 0.0766 for 13056 observed reflections with I 〉 20（/）.展开更多
Transformations of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) have been investigated in anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A/A/O) leachate treatment processes. Although the DBP removal processes are different w...Transformations of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) have been investigated in anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A/A/O) leachate treatment processes. Although the DBP removal processes are different when the DBP initial concentration is different, the overall system DBP removal efficiencies are high(N 94%).DEHP is much more difficult to remove than DBP. The removal efficiency of DEHP is approximately 75%–78%.The results of mass balance calculations indicate that approximately 33.7%–50.7% of the DBP is degraded by the activated sludge, 48.9%–64.9% accumulates in the system, and 0.4%–1.4% is contained in the final effluent. Approximately 15.0%–19.0% of the DEHP is degraded by activated microcosms, 75.8%–79.0% accumulates in the system, and 5.2%–6.0% is contained in the final effluent. Biodegradation and adsorption to the activated sludge are the main mechanisms for DBP removal and adsorption to the activated sludge is the main mechanism for DEHP removal. The different removal mechanisms of the two PAEs may be related to their different molecular structures. However, PAEs are not really removed when they adsorb onto the sludge. Therefore, methods for decreasing PAEs adsorption and increasing the biodegradation efficiencies of the leachate treatment processes should be further investigated.展开更多
We succeeded in designing an effective catalyst, V2O5-P2O5-K2O/Al2O3. SiO2, by which a high yield of PA,105wt% can be gained in middle-sized industrial fluidized bed apparatus without addition of any promoting gas.The...We succeeded in designing an effective catalyst, V2O5-P2O5-K2O/Al2O3. SiO2, by which a high yield of PA,105wt% can be gained in middle-sized industrial fluidized bed apparatus without addition of any promoting gas.The mechanisms of effects of P2O5, K2O and Al2O3 on the surface properties of V2O5 were investigated by means of TPD and XRD. And the selectivity of oxidation are explained.Addition of a great deal of P2O5 restrains the activity of donating surface oxygen from V2O5, but increases the number of sites which donate surface oxygen. Addition of K2O promotes donation of surface oxygen from V2O6, and decreases the number of sites of donating oxygen, on the other hand, addition of K|O makes the surface structure of V2O5 catalysts more stable. Coating a small amount of Al2O2 onto support, SiO2, restrains the activity of donating oxygen and increases the number of sites of donating surface oxygen from V2O5.展开更多
Five new coordination polymers Cu（phen）（H2O）（phth）·CH3OH（1）, [Cu（2,2′-bipy）（H2O）]（phth）·3.5H2O（2）, Zn（phen）（phth）（H2O）·1.125H2O（3） and [M（4,4′-bipy）（H2O）2]（phth）·2H2...Five new coordination polymers Cu（phen）（H2O）（phth）·CH3OH（1）, [Cu（2,2′-bipy）（H2O）]（phth）·3.5H2O（2）, Zn（phen）（phth）（H2O）·1.125H2O（3） and [M（4,4′-bipy）（H2O）2]（phth）·2H2O[M=Zn（4）, Mn（5）]（H2phth=phthalic acid, bipy=bipyridine, phen=1,10-phenanthroline） have been synthesized from the amino acid derivatives（phthalyl-l- valine, H2L） and structurally characterized. H2L was hydrolyzed into phth2- group during the reaction, but the strucure feature was different from that of the complex directly synthesized from H2phth in the reported literature, revealing that H2L played an important role in composing the novel compounds. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 are all 1D chains, but the differences are that compound 1 is further hydrogen-bonded into 2D networks, and compound 2 is further extended into 3D supramolecular network through π-π stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions. However, compound 3 is a 1D helix chain structure and further links into 2D networks through π-π stacking. Compounds 4 and 5 are isostructural and exhibit the same 2D layers, which are further connected by hydrogen-bonding interactions to form 3D supramolecular network. Antiferromagnetic superexchange was observed for compounds 1, 2 and 5.展开更多
Based on quantitative structure-property relationship （QSPR） of organic compounds, the molecular connectivity indices of 21 phthalic acid ester compounds were extracted. Relationship between the physicochemical prop...Based on quantitative structure-property relationship （QSPR） of organic compounds, the molecular connectivity indices of 21 phthalic acid ester compounds were extracted. Relationship between the physicochemical properties （n-octanol/air partition coefficient, vapor pressure, water solubility） and the molecular connectivity indices of phthalic acid ester compounds have been established by multiple linear regression （MLR） method. The results showed that the zero-order valence connectivity index （0Xu） is the topology parameter which affects octanol/water partition coefficient and water solubility, and the topology parameter which affects vapor pressure is the first-order connectivity index （1X）. This indicated to a certain extent_that the molecular connectivity indices can be well used to express the quantitative relationship between the physicochemical properties and structure descriptions of phthalic acid ester compounds. The models constructed have good robustness and highly predictive capability.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate the therapeutic effects of Red Liriope platyphylla(RLP) on atopic dermatitis(AD), alterations in the luciferase(Luc) signal and general phenotype biomarkers were compared in phtha...OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate the therapeutic effects of Red Liriope platyphylla(RLP) on atopic dermatitis(AD), alterations in the luciferase(Luc) signal and general phenotype biomarkers were compared in phthalic anhydride(PA) treated Interleukin-4(IL-4)/Luc/Consensus non-coding sequence-1(CNS-1) transgenic(Tg) mice following treatment with aqueous extract of RLP(AEt RLP) for4 weeks.METHODS: Alterations in AD phenotypes were measured in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice following treatment with AEt RLP using inflammation parameter analysis, bioluminescence imaging analysis, histological analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis.RESULTS: RLP contained high concentrations of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid compounds and 5-HNE related to AD therapy. The Luc signal was only detected in the abdominal region and the submandibular lymph node(SL), mesenteric lymph node(ML), thymus and pancreas of the PA treated group. This signal was significantly decreased by 28%-73% throughout the body and in the four organs in PA + AEt RLP treated group. Furthermore, the lymph node weight, immunoglobulin E concentration and dermal thickness were decreased by 37%-67% in the PA + AEt RLP treated group.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the therapeutic effect of AEt RLP on PA induced AD could be successfully quantified by comparison of Luc signals and AD phenotype markers in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1Tg mice, and that the Luc signal was as sensitive as the general AD phenotypes, enabling detection of effects without euthanasia.展开更多
A new nickel coordination polymer {[Ni（dpa）（bpe）（H2O）]2}n（1） has been hydro-thermally synthesized, and structurally characterized by UV spectroscopy, elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction（H2...A new nickel coordination polymer {[Ni（dpa）（bpe）（H2O）]2}n（1） has been hydro-thermally synthesized, and structurally characterized by UV spectroscopy, elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction（H2dpa=3-（4-hydroxypyridinium-1-yl） phthalic acid, bpe=μ-1,2-di（4-pyridyl） ethylene）. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a=8.779（2）, b=10.909（3）, c=12.739（3）, α=72.45（2）, β=75.13（2）, γ=86.47（2）°, V=1124.1（5） 3, Z=2, Mr=516.14, Dc=1.525 g/cm3, μ=0.912 mm-1, Rint=0.0532, F（000）=532, the final R=0.0523 and wR=0.1089 for 3949 observed reflections（I〉2σ（I））. The coordination around the Ni center is a distorted octahedron coordination geometry involving two protonated H2dpa ligands, two bpe ligands, and one coordinated H2O molecule. The dpa2- anion, as a bridging ligand, connects two Ni centers to form binuclear units, which are linked together by the bpe ligands to form two-dimensional layers, and the interlayer hydrogen bonding further extends the 2D sheet into a 3D supramolecular framework.展开更多
A method is developed for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and Phthalic Acid Esters(PAEs) in soil samples. Ultrasonic Wave Extraction under airtight circumstances is adopted to extract the analytes ...A method is developed for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and Phthalic Acid Esters(PAEs) in soil samples. Ultrasonic Wave Extraction under airtight circumstances is adopted to extract the analytes in soil samples with n-hexane–acetone(V:V=1:1) as extraction solvent. This method has several advantages, including high extraction efficiency, short time, convenience and simplicity. It can be used to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and Phthalic Acid Esters(PAEs) in soil.展开更多
The intramolecular energy transfer of ortho-phthalic acid-terbium[Tb(phth)_3]and ortho-toluic acid-terbium[Tb(tolu)_3],the intermolecular energy transfer from Tb(phth)_3 to Eu^(3+) in solution and their luminescent pr...The intramolecular energy transfer of ortho-phthalic acid-terbium[Tb(phth)_3]and ortho-toluic acid-terbium[Tb(tolu)_3],the intermolecular energy transfer from Tb(phth)_3 to Eu^(3+) in solution and their luminescent property have been studied by absorption,Infrared,fluorescence and time-resolved emission spectroscopic method.The influences of solvents and pH of the media on the emission intensity and the lifetime are discussed as well.展开更多
In order to enrich the degrading microbial resources for phthalic acid esters(PAEs)under cadmium stress,a degrading bacterium B-7 for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)was screened from the strains stored in the laborato...In order to enrich the degrading microbial resources for phthalic acid esters(PAEs)under cadmium stress,a degrading bacterium B-7 for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)was screened from the strains stored in the laboratory by means of inorganic salt liquid medium containing DEHP and cadmium,and the characteristics of the strain were studied.Strain B-7 was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,which had high biosafety and excellent degradability to DEHP.The optimum temperature for degradation was 25–40℃,and the optimum pH value was 6–8.Strain B-7 was cultured in inorganic salt medium(MSM)with an initial DEHP concentration of 400 mg/L and cadmium content of 10 mmol/L for 4 d,and its degradation rate of DEHP was up to 93.1%.In addition,the strain had a strong degradation ability to dimethyl phthalate(DMP),diethyl phthalate(DEP),and dibutyl phthalate(DBP).In soil contaminated by cadmium and DEHP,the synergic degradation of B-7 and indigenous microorganisms in soil significantly increased the degradation rate of DEHP,indicating that this strain had potential application value in the field of microbial remediation of soil contaminated by cadmium and PAEs.展开更多
Phthalic acid is a main pollutant, which is also an important reason for the continuous cropping effect of tobacco. In order to degrade the phthalic acid accumulated in the environment and relieve the obstacle effect ...Phthalic acid is a main pollutant, which is also an important reason for the continuous cropping effect of tobacco. In order to degrade the phthalic acid accumulated in the environment and relieve the obstacle effect of tobacco continuous cropping caused by the accumulation of phthalic acid in the soil. In this study, phthalate degrading bacteria B3 is screened from continuous cropping tobacco soil. The results of biochemical identification and 16sDNA comparison show that the homology between degrading bacterium B3 and Enterobacter sp. is 99%. At the same time, the growth of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. B3 and the degradation of phthalic acid under different environmental conditions are studied. The results show that the environment with a temperature of 30˚C, PH of 7, and inoculation amount of not less than 1.2%, which is the optimal growth conditions for Enterobacter sp. B3. In an environment with a concentration of phthalic acid not exceeding 500 mg/L, Enterobacter sp. B3 has a better effect on phthalic acid degradation, and the degradation rate can reach 77% in 7 d. The results of indoor potting experiments on tobacco show that the degradation rate of phthalic acid by Enterobacter B3 in the soil is about 45%, which can reduce the inhibitory effect of phthalic acid on the growth of tobacco seedlings. This study enriches the microbial resources for degrading phthalic acid and provides a theoretical basis for alleviating tobacco continuous cropping obstacles.展开更多
Tetrahydro-b-carbolines with strictosamide skeleton have been synthesized via intermolecular condensation, selective reduction, and intramolecular cyclization starting from phthalic anhydrides and tryptamine. The reac...Tetrahydro-b-carbolines with strictosamide skeleton have been synthesized via intermolecular condensation, selective reduction, and intramolecular cyclization starting from phthalic anhydrides and tryptamine. The reactions are carried out under mild conditions with a wide range of substrates and functional groups.展开更多
基金supported by the Innovation Fund of Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science,Ministry of Ecology and Environment,China(No.ZX2023QT003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22306130)+1 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(No.2022ZB789)the Ecological Environment Research Project of Jiangsu Province,China(No.2022014).
文摘Phthalic acid esters(PAEs)are a group of compounds widespread in the environment.To investigate the occurrence and accumulation characteristics of PAEs,surface water samples were collected from the Three Gorges Reservoir area,China.The total concentrations of∑_(11)analyzed PAEs(11PAEs)in the collected water samples ranging from 197.7 to 1,409.3 ng/L(mean±IQR:583.1±308.4 ng/L).While DEHP was the most frequently detected PAE,DnBP and DnNP were the most predominant PAEs in the analyzed water samples with a mean contribution of 63.3%of the∑_(11)PAEs.The concentrations of the∑_(11)PAEs in the water samples from the upper reaches of the Yangtze River were significantly higher than those from themiddle reaches.To better understand the transport and fate of the PAEs,seven detected PAEs were modeled by Quantitative Water Air Sediment Interaction(QWASI).The simulated and measured values were close for most PAEs,and differences are within one order of magnitude even for the worst one.For all simulated PAEs,water and particle inflow were main sources in the reservoir,whereas water outflow and degradation in water were important removal pathways.The contribution ratios of different sources/losses varied fromPAEs,depending on their properties.The calculated risk quotients of DnNP in the Three Gorges Reservoir area whether based onmonitoring or simulating results were all far exceeded the safety threshold value,implying the occurrence of this PAE compound may cause potential adverse effects for the aquatic ecology of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22161132011)Jiangsu Provincial Special Fund for S&T Innovation in Carbon Emission Peak and Neutrality(No.20220013)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFE0110800 and 2023YFC3708100)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.QTPY2024001).
文摘Phthalic acid esters(PAEs)are widely released into the environment due to industrial and agricultural activities.This poses significant risks,not only to crops grown on contaminated soil but also to humans.PAEs enter the human body through the food chain,causing potential health hazards.Endophytic bacteria have demonstrated a significant potential as effective bioremediation agents,with specialized mechanisms of PAEs degradation.Endophytic bacteria such as Rhodococcus,Pseudomonas and Sphingomona recognize root exudates,adhere to and penetrate root surfaces,and ultimately colonize crops.They form symbiotic relationships with crops,obtaining nutrients and habitats from crops,meanwhile,promoting plant growth and health through hormone production,nutrient regulation,and the suppression of pathogenic microorganisms.Furthermore,endophytic bacteria efficiently degrade PAEs in soil-crop systems through synergistic interactions with indigenous rhizosphere microflora and regulatory effects on enzyme activity in crops.Here,we review the role of endophytic bacteria in the bioremediation of PAEs-contaminated crops and soils.In addition,we discuss the scarcity of endophytic bacterial strains with a confirmed ability to degrade PAEs,and underscore the lack of the research on the mechanisms of PAEs degradation by these bacteria.This review also points out that future study should investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the interaction between endophytic bacteria and PAEs to offer novel insights and solutions for environmental protection and sustainable agricultural development.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (No. 2009CB421602)the Water Pollution Control and Treatment Special Project (No.2009ZX07527-001)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology (No. KF2010-20)the Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry on Environmental Protection (No. 2009467109)
文摘The pollution from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） and phthalic acid esters（PAEs） in the surface water of the rapidly urbanized Yangtze River Delta region was investigated.Fourteen surface water samples were collected in June 2010.Water samples were liquid-liquid extracted using methylene chloride and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.Concentrations of PAHs and PAEs ranged 12.9-638.1 ng/L and 61-28550 ng/L,respectively.Fluoranthene,naphthalene,pyrene,phenanthrene,di-2ethylhexyl phthalate,and di-n-butyl phthalate were the most abundant compounds in the samples.The water samples were moderately polluted with benzo[a]pyrene according to China＇s environmental quality standard for surface water.The two highest concentrations of PAHs and PAEs occurred in samples from Taihu Lake,Wuxi City and the western section of Yangchenghu Lake.Potential sources of pollution at S7 were petroleum combustion and the plastics industry,and at Yangchenghu Lake were petroleum combustion and domestic waste.Pollution in samples from the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal originated from diesel engines.There were no obvious sources of pollution for the other water samples.These results can be used as reference levels for future monitoring programs of pollution from PAHs and PAEs.
文摘Abiotic degradability of four phthalic acid esters （PAEs） in the aquatic phase was evaluated over a wide pH range 5-9. The PAE solutions in glass test tubes were placed either in the dark and under the natural sunlight irradiation for evaluating the degradation rate via hydrolysis or photolysis plus hydrolysis, respectively, at ambient temperature for 140 d from autumn to winter in Osaka, Japan. The efficiency of abiotic degradation of the PAEs with relatively short alkyl chains, such as butylbenzyl phthalate （BBP） and di-nbutyl phthalate （DBP）, at neutral pH was significantly lower than that in the acidic or alkaline condition. Photolysis was considered to contribute mainly to the total abiotic degradation at all pH. Neither hydrolysis nor photolysis of di-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP） proceeded significantly at any pH, especially hydrolysis at neutral pH was negligible. On the other hand, the degradation rate of di- isononyl phthalate （DINP） catalyzed mainly by photolysis was much higher than those of the other PAEs, and was almost completely removed during the experimental period at pH 5 and 9. As a whole, according to the half-life （t1/2） obtained in the experiments, the abiotic degradability of the PAEs was in the sequence： DINP （32-140 d） 〉 DBP （50-360 d）, BBP （58-480 d） 〉 DEHP （390-1600 d） under sunlight irradiation （via photolysis plus hydrolysis）. Although the abiotic degradation rates for BBP, DBP, and DEHP are much lower than the biodegradation rates reported, the photolysis rate for DINP is comparable to its biodegradation rate in the acidic or alkaline condition.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40101015) the National Key Basic Research Support foundation of China (No. G1999011806)
文摘A 60-day pot experiment was carried out using di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) as a typical organic pollutant phthalic ester and cowpea (Vigna sinensis) as the host plant to determine the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculation on plant growth and degradation of DEHP in two contaminated soils, a yellow-brown soil and a red soil. The air-dried soils were uniformly sprayed with different concentrations of DEHP, inoculated or left uninoculated with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus, and planted with…
基金supported by the Public Interest Scientific Research Fund of the Ministry of Water Resource of China(No.201501042)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51309019,51379016)+3 种基金the Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2015QNRC001)the State-level Public Welfare Scientific Research Institutes Basic Scientific Research Business Project of China(No.CKSF2017062/SH)the Technology Demonstration Project of the Ministry of Water Resources of China(No.SF-201602)supported by the Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems,Georgia Institute of Technology(Georgia Tech Hightower No.1365802)
文摘After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir（TGR）, the hydrological situation of the reservoir has changed greatly. The concentration and distribution of typical persistent organic pollutants in water and sediment have also changed accordingly. In this study, the concentration, distribution and potential sources of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（PAHs） and 6 phthalic acid esters（PAEs） during the water drawdown and impoundment periods were investigated in water and sediment from the TGR. According to our results, PAHs and PAEs showed temporal and spatial variations. The mean ΣPAH and ΣPAE concentrations in water and sediment were both higher during the water impoundment period than during the water drawdown period. The water samples from the main stream showed larger ΣPAH concentration fluctuations than those from tributaries. Both the PAH and PAE concentrations meet the Chinese national water environmental quality standard（GB 3838-2002）. PAH monomers with 2–3 rings and 4 rings were dominant in water, and 4-ring and 5–6-ring PAHs were dominant in sediment. Di-n-butyl phthalate（DBP） and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate（DEHP）were the dominant PAE pollutants in the TGR. DBP and DEHP had the highest concentrations in water and sediment, respectively. The main source of PAHs in water from the TGR was petroleum and emissions from coal and biomass combustion, whereas the main sources of PAHs in sediments included coal and biomass combustion, petroleum, and petroleum combustion. The main source of PAEs in water was domestic waste, and the plastics and heavy chemical industries were the main sources of PAEs in sediment.
文摘Biodegradability of di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP）, butylbenzyl phthalate （BBP）, di-ethylhexyl phthalate （DEHP）, and di-isononyl phthalate （DINP） under an anaerobic condition was evaluated using three natural sediment microcosms obtained from ponds in Osaka, which had not been significantly polluted by the chemicals. The degradabilities of the four phthalic acid esters（PAEs） were analyzed by a first-order kinetic model with a lag phase and ranked as DBP〉BBP〉〉DEHP〉DINP. The PAEs with shorter alkyl-chains, DBP and BBP, were degraded with quite short lag phases near to zero and short half-lives of a few days. The PAEs with longer alkyl-chains, DEHP and DINP, were degraded with lag phases of 5-30 d and the quite long half-lives of a couple of hundred days. Although no data was available on the anaerobic biodegradability of D1NP before this study, it was clarified that DINP can be degraded with slow degradation rates. The fact that all the three intact sediments were capable of biodegradation of the PAEs suggests that potential of anaerobic biodegradation of PAEs is widespread in the aquatic environment.
基金support provided by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.Y405108)the Department of Education of Zhejiang Province of China(No.20051409)
文摘Au/FeOx-TiO2,prepared by deposition-precipitation method,is an efficient and stable catalyst for the liquid phase selective hydrogenation of phthalic anhydride to phthalide under mild reaction conditions.
文摘A novel series of para-diiodobenzene derivatives, 3,6-diiodo-4,5-dialkyl-phthalic acid dimethyl esters, were prepared via cycloaddition of two TMS-substituted alkynes and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate, which was mediated by zirconocene. After iodination, three new compounds of 3,6-diiodo-4,5-dimethyl（dipropyl, dibutyl）-phthalic acid dimethyl esters （3a, 3b, 3c） were synthesized in high region-selectivity and yields, and characterized by NMR. The crystal structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal of 3a （C12H121204, Mr = 474.02） belongs to the triclinic system, space group Pi with a = 7.6238（10）, b = 9.4571（12）, c = 10.8221（14） A, a = 66.611（10）, fl = 88.511（12）, 7 ： 77.604（11）% V= 697.93（16） A3, Z= 2, F（000） = 444, Dc = 2.256 mg/m3, g = 4.509 mm-1, T=133（2） K, S = 1.014, R = 0.0229 and wR = 0.0547 for 2644 observed reflections with I 〉 20（/）; the crystal of 3b （C16H201204, Mr - 530.12） is of triclinic system, space group Pi with a = 9.4122（19）, b = 10.626（2）, c = 11.353（2） A, a = 97.90（3）, fl = 113.83（3）, y = 110.22（3）°, V= 922.6（3） A3, Z- 2, F（000） = 508, Dc - 1.908 mg/m3, g = 3.422 mm-1, T = 113（2） K, S = 1.115, R = 0.0428 and wR = 0.1072 for 3971 observed reflections with I〉 20（/）; the crystal of 3c （ClsH241204, Mr = 558.17） belongs to the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 26.396（2）, b = 8.7560（8）, c = 25.7970（18） A, fl = 91.721（4）o, V= 5959.6（8） A3, Z = 12, F（000） = 3240, Dc = 1.866 mg/m3,/z = 3.184 mm-l, T= 113（2） K, S = 1.154, R = 0.0424 and wR = 0.0766 for 13056 observed reflections with I 〉 20（/）.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51678531,51878617).
文摘Transformations of di-n-butyl phthalate(DBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate(DEHP) have been investigated in anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A/A/O) leachate treatment processes. Although the DBP removal processes are different when the DBP initial concentration is different, the overall system DBP removal efficiencies are high(N 94%).DEHP is much more difficult to remove than DBP. The removal efficiency of DEHP is approximately 75%–78%.The results of mass balance calculations indicate that approximately 33.7%–50.7% of the DBP is degraded by the activated sludge, 48.9%–64.9% accumulates in the system, and 0.4%–1.4% is contained in the final effluent. Approximately 15.0%–19.0% of the DEHP is degraded by activated microcosms, 75.8%–79.0% accumulates in the system, and 5.2%–6.0% is contained in the final effluent. Biodegradation and adsorption to the activated sludge are the main mechanisms for DBP removal and adsorption to the activated sludge is the main mechanism for DEHP removal. The different removal mechanisms of the two PAEs may be related to their different molecular structures. However, PAEs are not really removed when they adsorb onto the sludge. Therefore, methods for decreasing PAEs adsorption and increasing the biodegradation efficiencies of the leachate treatment processes should be further investigated.
文摘We succeeded in designing an effective catalyst, V2O5-P2O5-K2O/Al2O3. SiO2, by which a high yield of PA,105wt% can be gained in middle-sized industrial fluidized bed apparatus without addition of any promoting gas.The mechanisms of effects of P2O5, K2O and Al2O3 on the surface properties of V2O5 were investigated by means of TPD and XRD. And the selectivity of oxidation are explained.Addition of a great deal of P2O5 restrains the activity of donating surface oxygen from V2O5, but increases the number of sites which donate surface oxygen. Addition of K2O promotes donation of surface oxygen from V2O6, and decreases the number of sites of donating oxygen, on the other hand, addition of K|O makes the surface structure of V2O5 catalysts more stable. Coating a small amount of Al2O2 onto support, SiO2, restrains the activity of donating oxygen and increases the number of sites of donating surface oxygen from V2O5.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20601007, 20773034)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province, China (No.B2008000143)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Education Department, China(No. ZH2006002)the Doctoral Foundation of Hebei Normal University, China (No.103261)
文摘Five new coordination polymers Cu（phen）（H2O）（phth）·CH3OH（1）, [Cu（2,2′-bipy）（H2O）]（phth）·3.5H2O（2）, Zn（phen）（phth）（H2O）·1.125H2O（3） and [M（4,4′-bipy）（H2O）2]（phth）·2H2O[M=Zn（4）, Mn（5）]（H2phth=phthalic acid, bipy=bipyridine, phen=1,10-phenanthroline） have been synthesized from the amino acid derivatives（phthalyl-l- valine, H2L） and structurally characterized. H2L was hydrolyzed into phth2- group during the reaction, but the strucure feature was different from that of the complex directly synthesized from H2phth in the reported literature, revealing that H2L played an important role in composing the novel compounds. Compounds 1, 2 and 3 are all 1D chains, but the differences are that compound 1 is further hydrogen-bonded into 2D networks, and compound 2 is further extended into 3D supramolecular network through π-π stacking and hydrogen-bonding interactions. However, compound 3 is a 1D helix chain structure and further links into 2D networks through π-π stacking. Compounds 4 and 5 are isostructural and exhibit the same 2D layers, which are further connected by hydrogen-bonding interactions to form 3D supramolecular network. Antiferromagnetic superexchange was observed for compounds 1, 2 and 5.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LY12B07013,LY12C03009)Public Technology Research Project(Analysis and Measurement)of Zhejiang Province(2013C37098)Science and Technology Project of Zhejiang Province(2009C33163)
文摘Based on quantitative structure-property relationship （QSPR） of organic compounds, the molecular connectivity indices of 21 phthalic acid ester compounds were extracted. Relationship between the physicochemical properties （n-octanol/air partition coefficient, vapor pressure, water solubility） and the molecular connectivity indices of phthalic acid ester compounds have been established by multiple linear regression （MLR） method. The results showed that the zero-order valence connectivity index （0Xu） is the topology parameter which affects octanol/water partition coefficient and water solubility, and the topology parameter which affects vapor pressure is the first-order connectivity index （1X）. This indicated to a certain extent_that the molecular connectivity indices can be well used to express the quantitative relationship between the physicochemical properties and structure descriptions of phthalic acid ester compounds. The models constructed have good robustness and highly predictive capability.
基金supported by grants to Dr. Dae Youn Hwang from the Korea Institute of Planning Evaluation for Technology of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (116027-032-HD030)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To quantitatively evaluate the therapeutic effects of Red Liriope platyphylla(RLP) on atopic dermatitis(AD), alterations in the luciferase(Luc) signal and general phenotype biomarkers were compared in phthalic anhydride(PA) treated Interleukin-4(IL-4)/Luc/Consensus non-coding sequence-1(CNS-1) transgenic(Tg) mice following treatment with aqueous extract of RLP(AEt RLP) for4 weeks.METHODS: Alterations in AD phenotypes were measured in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1 Tg mice following treatment with AEt RLP using inflammation parameter analysis, bioluminescence imaging analysis, histological analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analysis.RESULTS: RLP contained high concentrations of total phenolic compounds, total flavonoid compounds and 5-HNE related to AD therapy. The Luc signal was only detected in the abdominal region and the submandibular lymph node(SL), mesenteric lymph node(ML), thymus and pancreas of the PA treated group. This signal was significantly decreased by 28%-73% throughout the body and in the four organs in PA + AEt RLP treated group. Furthermore, the lymph node weight, immunoglobulin E concentration and dermal thickness were decreased by 37%-67% in the PA + AEt RLP treated group.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the therapeutic effect of AEt RLP on PA induced AD could be successfully quantified by comparison of Luc signals and AD phenotype markers in IL-4/Luc/CNS-1Tg mice, and that the Luc signal was as sensitive as the general AD phenotypes, enabling detection of effects without euthanasia.
基金Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry of Pingdingshan University for financial support
文摘A new nickel coordination polymer {[Ni（dpa）（bpe）（H2O）]2}n（1） has been hydro-thermally synthesized, and structurally characterized by UV spectroscopy, elemental analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction（H2dpa=3-（4-hydroxypyridinium-1-yl） phthalic acid, bpe=μ-1,2-di（4-pyridyl） ethylene）. It crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1 with a=8.779（2）, b=10.909（3）, c=12.739（3）, α=72.45（2）, β=75.13（2）, γ=86.47（2）°, V=1124.1（5） 3, Z=2, Mr=516.14, Dc=1.525 g/cm3, μ=0.912 mm-1, Rint=0.0532, F（000）=532, the final R=0.0523 and wR=0.1089 for 3949 observed reflections（I〉2σ（I））. The coordination around the Ni center is a distorted octahedron coordination geometry involving two protonated H2dpa ligands, two bpe ligands, and one coordinated H2O molecule. The dpa2- anion, as a bridging ligand, connects two Ni centers to form binuclear units, which are linked together by the bpe ligands to form two-dimensional layers, and the interlayer hydrogen bonding further extends the 2D sheet into a 3D supramolecular framework.
基金support from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (SK201204)
文摘A method is developed for detection of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and Phthalic Acid Esters(PAEs) in soil samples. Ultrasonic Wave Extraction under airtight circumstances is adopted to extract the analytes in soil samples with n-hexane–acetone(V:V=1:1) as extraction solvent. This method has several advantages, including high extraction efficiency, short time, convenience and simplicity. It can be used to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) and Phthalic Acid Esters(PAEs) in soil.
文摘The intramolecular energy transfer of ortho-phthalic acid-terbium[Tb(phth)_3]and ortho-toluic acid-terbium[Tb(tolu)_3],the intermolecular energy transfer from Tb(phth)_3 to Eu^(3+) in solution and their luminescent property have been studied by absorption,Infrared,fluorescence and time-resolved emission spectroscopic method.The influences of solvents and pH of the media on the emission intensity and the lifetime are discussed as well.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2020JJ5321,2021JJ30412)。
文摘In order to enrich the degrading microbial resources for phthalic acid esters(PAEs)under cadmium stress,a degrading bacterium B-7 for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate(DEHP)was screened from the strains stored in the laboratory by means of inorganic salt liquid medium containing DEHP and cadmium,and the characteristics of the strain were studied.Strain B-7 was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens,which had high biosafety and excellent degradability to DEHP.The optimum temperature for degradation was 25–40℃,and the optimum pH value was 6–8.Strain B-7 was cultured in inorganic salt medium(MSM)with an initial DEHP concentration of 400 mg/L and cadmium content of 10 mmol/L for 4 d,and its degradation rate of DEHP was up to 93.1%.In addition,the strain had a strong degradation ability to dimethyl phthalate(DMP),diethyl phthalate(DEP),and dibutyl phthalate(DBP).In soil contaminated by cadmium and DEHP,the synergic degradation of B-7 and indigenous microorganisms in soil significantly increased the degradation rate of DEHP,indicating that this strain had potential application value in the field of microbial remediation of soil contaminated by cadmium and PAEs.
文摘Phthalic acid is a main pollutant, which is also an important reason for the continuous cropping effect of tobacco. In order to degrade the phthalic acid accumulated in the environment and relieve the obstacle effect of tobacco continuous cropping caused by the accumulation of phthalic acid in the soil. In this study, phthalate degrading bacteria B3 is screened from continuous cropping tobacco soil. The results of biochemical identification and 16sDNA comparison show that the homology between degrading bacterium B3 and Enterobacter sp. is 99%. At the same time, the growth of Enterobacter hormaechei subsp. B3 and the degradation of phthalic acid under different environmental conditions are studied. The results show that the environment with a temperature of 30˚C, PH of 7, and inoculation amount of not less than 1.2%, which is the optimal growth conditions for Enterobacter sp. B3. In an environment with a concentration of phthalic acid not exceeding 500 mg/L, Enterobacter sp. B3 has a better effect on phthalic acid degradation, and the degradation rate can reach 77% in 7 d. The results of indoor potting experiments on tobacco show that the degradation rate of phthalic acid by Enterobacter B3 in the soil is about 45%, which can reduce the inhibitory effect of phthalic acid on the growth of tobacco seedlings. This study enriches the microbial resources for degrading phthalic acid and provides a theoretical basis for alleviating tobacco continuous cropping obstacles.
基金the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT1174)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.20872118,30070905)+1 种基金the Key Lab Fund of Shaanxi Province of China(Nos.2010JS097,11JS090,12JS110)the Foundation of the Education Department of Shaanxi Province(No.12JK1010)
文摘Tetrahydro-b-carbolines with strictosamide skeleton have been synthesized via intermolecular condensation, selective reduction, and intramolecular cyclization starting from phthalic anhydrides and tryptamine. The reactions are carried out under mild conditions with a wide range of substrates and functional groups.
