Phosphorus-based luminescent materials consist of certain phosphorus in the aromatic backbones,endowing a larger nuclear charge(Z,15P),rich valence states for the phosphorus core,and various electron geometries.These ...Phosphorus-based luminescent materials consist of certain phosphorus in the aromatic backbones,endowing a larger nuclear charge(Z,15P),rich valence states for the phosphorus core,and various electron geometries.These features enable promising exploitation for luminescent materials with significant quantum efficiencies and tunable singlet and triplet populations.This mini review focuses on the break-throughs of organic and organometallic phosphorus compounds in advanced circularly polarized fluorescence(CPF)and circularly polarized room-temperature phosphorescence(CP-RTP)by unveiling the structure-function relationships,e.g.,design concept,charge transfer(CT)type,chiral conformation,and excited state transition configuration,and the recent applications in optical information encryption,lighting-displaying,and organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs).By dedicated analysis of current progresses,we hope this work will throw insights into phosphorus-based CPF and CP-RTP behaviors and provide a reference for the rational design of high-performance phosphorus-based emitters.展开更多
Long-life energy storage batteries are integral to energy storage systems and electric vehicles,with lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)currently being the preferred option for extended usage-life energy storage.To further ex...Long-life energy storage batteries are integral to energy storage systems and electric vehicles,with lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)currently being the preferred option for extended usage-life energy storage.To further extend the life span of LIBs,it is essential to intensify investments in battery design,manufacturing processes,and the advancement of ancillary materials.The pursuit of long durability introduces new challenges for battery energy density.The advent of electrode material offers effective support in enhancing the battery’s long-duration performance.Often underestimated as part of the cathode composition,the binder plays a pivotal role in the longevity and electrochemical performance of the electrode.Maintaining the mechanical integrity of the electrode through judicious binder design is a fundamental requirement for achieving consistent long-life cycles and high energy density.This paper primarily concentrates on the commonly employed cathode systems in lithium-ion batteries,elucidates the significance of binders for both,discusses the application status,strengths,and weaknesses of novel binders,and ultimately puts forth corresponding optimization strategies.It underscores the critical function of binders in enhancing battery performance and advancing the sustainable development of lithium-ion batteries,aiming to offer fresh insights and perspectives for the design of high-performance LIBs.展开更多
Layered oxides present compelling potential as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,challenges including interfacial instability and sluggish reaction kinetics critically limit their rate capabilit...Layered oxides present compelling potential as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,challenges including interfacial instability and sluggish reaction kinetics critically limit their rate capability and cycling performance.Herein,we introduce the water-soluble sodium polyacrylate(NaPAA)binder as a promising approach to mitigating these issues in P2-type layered oxides.The NaPAA binder facilitates the formation of a uniform Na^(+) conductive interfacial film,which protects the cathode against electrolyte-induced corrosion and effectively inhibits the dissolution of transition metals in P2-Na_(0.85)Li_(0.12)Ni_(0.22)Mn_(0.66)O_(2)(NLNMO).Furthermore,we elucidate the mechanism by which the NaPAA binder dynamically regulates the coordination of free anions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.This regulation reduces solvent decomposition and promotes the formation of a stable,ionically conductive layer.Consequently,the P2-NLNMO@NaPAA integrated electrode exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance,achieving an 89.2%capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.2 C and delivering an initial capacity of 102.9 mA h g^(-1) even at 0℃.This study advances the fundamental understanding of binder-mediated interface engineering and demonstrates a scalable and eco-friendly manufacturing pathway for high-performance SIBs.展开更多
Studies were carried out on the extraction characters of trivalent rare earths from chloride solutions using organophosphorus acids 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-（2-ethylhexyl） ester （HEHEHP） combined with [di-...Studies were carried out on the extraction characters of trivalent rare earths from chloride solutions using organophosphorus acids 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-（2-ethylhexyl） ester （HEHEHP） combined with [di-（2-ethylhexyl）-phosphoric acid （HDEHP）,isopropylphosphonic acid 1-hexyl-4-ethyloctyl ester （HHEOIPP）,bis（2,4,4-trimethylpentyl）-phosphinic acid （Cyanex 272）,bis（2,4,4-trimethypentyl）-monothiophosphinic acid （Cyanex 302） or bis（2,4,4-trimethypentyl）-dithiophosphinic acid （Cyanex 301）] as extractants. The effect of the equilibrium aqueous acidity on the extraction was studied. According to the corresponding separation factors for adjacent pairs of rare earths,it could be concluded that HEHEHP and Cyanex 272 could be employed for the separation of Tm（Ⅲ）,Yb（Ⅲ）,Lu（Ⅲ） from the other rare earths. Taking Yb（Ⅲ） as an example,based on the different stripping acid,the potential of the stripping was estimated.展开更多
The chemical compositions,mineralogical characteristics,as well as dissemination of iron-and phosphorus-based minerals were studied for the E’xi oolitic hematite from western Hubei Province in China by using chemical...The chemical compositions,mineralogical characteristics,as well as dissemination of iron-and phosphorus-based minerals were studied for the E’xi oolitic hematite from western Hubei Province in China by using chemical analysis,optical microscope,electron probe micro-analyzer(EPMA)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).It is found that this kind of oolitic hematite ore contains 47.71%TFe,10.96%SiO_2,as well as 0.874%P,with hematite as the dominant Fe-bearing minerals,and quartz,chamosite,illite and cellophane as main gangue minerals.The microscope examination showed that the ore has an oolitic structure,with some ooids principally formed by a series of concentric layers of hematite collophanite around nucleus that is hematite in the association with collophanite.Based on the EPMA and EDS analysis,it can be known that some ooids are primarily composed of hematite and collophanite.The separation can be achieved through fine grinding for those collophanite laminae with a higher P content.However,the dissemination of two minerals at the interface will result in the difficulty in effective separation.Besides,some ooids are made of chamosite with some nucleus formed of quartz,which is principally finely disseminated with hematite.In view of the close association and dissemination of iron-and phosphorus-based minerals in the ooids,it is found that the process of stage-grindings and stage-separations can be adopted to effectively increase the iron recovery and decrease the P content in the concentrate to some extent.展开更多
An energetic binder based on hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB),doped with different ratios of nitrocellulose(NC)(10%,20%,30%,and 50%),was developed to study the effect of NC doping on the thermal decomposition b...An energetic binder based on hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB),doped with different ratios of nitrocellulose(NC)(10%,20%,30%,and 50%),was developed to study the effect of NC doping on the thermal decomposition behavior of a composite propellant(CP)comprising ammonium nitrate(AN)as an oxidizer and magnesium(Mg)as a fuel.Optimization of the propellant formulation was conducted using Chemical Equilibrium with Applications-National Aeronautics and Space Administration(CEA-NASA)software,which demonstrated an increase in specific impulse by 12.09 s when the binder contained 50%NC.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)analysis confirmed the excellent compatibility between the components,and density measurements revealed an increase of 6.4%with a higher NC content.Morphological analysis using optical microscopy showed that NC doping improved the uniformity and compactness of the surface,reduced cavities,and achieved a more homogeneous particle distribution.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)analysis indicated a decrease in the decomposition temperature of the propellant as the NC content increased,while kinetic studies revealed a 48.68%reduction in the activation energy when 50%NC was incorporated into the binder.These findings suggest that the addition of NC enhances combustion efficiency and improves overall propellant performance.This study highlights the potential of the new HTPB-NC energetic binder as a promising approach for advancing solid propellant technology.展开更多
Anode binders undergo decomposition during thermal runaway,generating highly flammable and explosive hydrogen,which poses a significant threat to the safety of lithium-ion batteries.However,the binder due to its relat...Anode binders undergo decomposition during thermal runaway,generating highly flammable and explosive hydrogen,which poses a significant threat to the safety of lithium-ion batteries.However,the binder due to its relatively small proportion is often overlooked in terms of its importance.This study elucidates the universal mechanism of hydrogen generation from the decomposition of binders and identifies the hydrogen-containing chemical bonds within the molecular structure of binders as the fundamental sources of hydrogen.The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of six commonly used binders reveals that five of them possess hydrogen-containing chemical bonds,indicating a potential for hydrogen generation,whereas the polytetrafluoroethylene binder lacks such bonds and cannot generate hydrogen.Differential scanning calorimetry is employed to compare the decomposition of these binders and their reaction with lithiated graphite.The results demonstrate that cyclic molecular structures not only enhance thermal stability but also increase the difficulty of hydrogen generation.Moreover,binders devoid of hydrogen atoms exhibit superior thermal stability and completely eliminate the risk of hydrogen generation.These findings provide critical insights into the molecular design of binders,offering promising strategies to mitigate or prevent hydrogen generation from binder decomposition and thereby substantially improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
This review is composed of three main parts each of which is written by well-known top specialists that have been,in a way or other,also the main participants of the majority of the developments reported.Thus,after a ...This review is composed of three main parts each of which is written by well-known top specialists that have been,in a way or other,also the main participants of the majority of the developments reported.Thus,after a general part covering the grand lines and more in-depth views of more recent tannin,lignin,carbohydrate and soy bioadhesives,somemix of the other bio raw materials with soy protein and soy flour and some other differently sourced bioadhesives for wood,this review presents a more in-depth part on starch-based wood adhesives and a more indepth part covering plant protein-based adhesives.It must be kept in mind that the review is focused on completely or almost completely biosourced adhesives,the fashionable adhesives derived from mixes of biosourced materials with synthetic resins having been intentionally excluded.This choice was made as the latter constitute only an intermediate interval,possibly temporary if even for a somewhat long times,towards a final full bioeconomy of scale in this field.This review also focuses on more recent results,mainly obtained in the last 10–20 years,thus on adhesive formulations really innovative and sometimes even non-traditional.In all these fields there is still a lot of possibility of innovation for relevant formulation as this field is still in rapid growth.展开更多
The binder phase performs critically on the comprehensive properties of cemented carbides,especially the hardness(HV)and fracture toughness(K_(IC))relationship.There are strong motivations in both research community a...The binder phase performs critically on the comprehensive properties of cemented carbides,especially the hardness(HV)and fracture toughness(K_(IC))relationship.There are strong motivations in both research community and industry for developing alternative binders to Co in cemented carbide system,due to the reasons such as price instability,property degeneration,and toxicity.Herein,six kinds of high entropy alloys(HEA)including CoCrFeNiMn,CoCrFeMnAl,CoCrFeNiAl,CoCrNiMnAl,CoFeNiMnAl,and CrFeNiMnAl were employed as the alternative binder for the preparation of WC-HEA cemented carbides through mechanical alloying and two-step spark plasma sintering.The impacts of HEA on the microstructures,mechanical properties,and thermal conductivity of WC-HEA hardmetals were determined and discussed.WC-HEA hardmetals exhibited both superior HV and K_(IC)to WC-metal or WC-intermetallic cemented carbides,indicating that HEA alloys were not only harder but also tougher in comparison with traditional metal or intermetallic binders.The HEA bonded hardmetals yielded thermal conductivities much lower than that of traditional WC-Co cemented carbide.The excellent HV-K_(IC)relationship of WC-HEA facilitated the potential engineering structural application of cemented carbides.展开更多
Black phosphorus(BP)is recognized as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high safety and theoretical capacity.However,traditional ball milling methodologies for fabricating BP composite anodes h...Black phosphorus(BP)is recognized as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high safety and theoretical capacity.However,traditional ball milling methodologies for fabricating BP composite anodes have not satisfactorily addressed the challenges of poor rate performance and short cycle life.To fill this scientific gap,we herein pioneer incorporating the sodium fast ionic conductorβ"-Al_(2)O_(3)into ball-milled BP with carbon,which facilitates the formation of three-dimensional mass transfer channels in the resulting composite.To stabilize these channels,we develop a novel and environmentally friendly functional binder that outperforms traditional binders in thermal stability,wettability,and mechanical properties.The newly established binder is capable of remarkably mitigating volume expansion and interfacial side reactions in the BP/β"-Al_(2)O_(3)/C composite anode.Additionally,we identify synergistic effects of the binder interacting with the BP/β"-Al_(2)O_(3)/C composite during cycling,characterized by the in-situ formation of P-O-C bonds,which is the first instance of a strong,durable chemical bond between the binder and the active material to the best of our knowledge.These advancements allow the composite electrode to exhibit exceptional sodium storage,including high initial Coulombic efficiency and long-term cycling stability,which surpasses most previous phosphorus-based anodes fabricated via traditional approaches.Notably,when paired with a Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)P_(2)O_7(NFPP)cathode,the full cell exhibits unexpectedly high energy and power densities,highlighting the BP potential in SIBs.The findings presented in the present work contribute to the promotion of economical and efficient applications of phosphorus-based anode materials.展开更多
Microwave-curing and mechanical grinding of fly ash have both beenadopted as effective methods for improving the early-age strength of alkali-activated fly ash(AAFA)binders.This study combined these two approaches by ...Microwave-curing and mechanical grinding of fly ash have both beenadopted as effective methods for improving the early-age strength of alkali-activated fly ash(AAFA)binders.This study combined these two approaches by synthesizing AAFA using original,medium-fine,and ultrafine fly ash as precursors,and then specimens were cured with a five-stage temperature-controlled microwave.The compressive strength results indicate that the original AAFA develops the highest strength initially during microwave-curing,reaching 28 MPa at stage 2.Medium-fine AAFA exhibits the highest strength of 60 MPa when cured to stage 4-I,which is 26%higher than the peak strength of original AAFA.It is attributed to the significant rise in their specific surface area,which accelerates the dissolution of Si and Al from the precursor and facilitates the subsequent formation of N-A-S-H gels.Additionally,nanoscale zeolite crystals formed as secondary products fill the tiny gaps between amorphous products,thereby significantly improving their microstructure.In contrast,ultrafine fly ash,primarily composed of fragmented particles,necessitated a substantial amount of water,which adversely affects the absorption efficiency for microwave of AAFA specimens.Thus,ultrafine AAFA specimens consistently exhibit the lowest compressive strength.Specifically,at the end of curing,the compressive strength of these three specimens with microwave-curing is approximately 32%,59%,and 172%higher than that of the steam-cured sample,respectively.These findings demonstrate the compatibility of microwave-curing and fly ash refinement in enhancing the early compressive strength development of AAFA.展开更多
1.Introduction.Ni-Mn-X(X=Ga,In,Sn,or Sb)Heusler alloys have versatile properties[1-4],such as shape memory effect[1],superelastic-ity[5],magnetocaloric effect[3],elastocaloric effect[6],and even multicaloric effect[7]...1.Introduction.Ni-Mn-X(X=Ga,In,Sn,or Sb)Heusler alloys have versatile properties[1-4],such as shape memory effect[1],superelastic-ity[5],magnetocaloric effect[3],elastocaloric effect[6],and even multicaloric effect[7],that indicate their potential for use in actu-ators,sensors,micropumps,energy harvesters,and solid-state re-frigeration[8-10].Among the alloys,Ni-Mn-Sn-based alloys are environment-friendly and cost-effective[6,7,11],and hence,they have received widespread attention.展开更多
Introduction The widespread use of cement in concrete leads to increased carbon emissions,so the demand for supplementary cementitious materials increases significantly.Limestone powder and steel slag powder are widel...Introduction The widespread use of cement in concrete leads to increased carbon emissions,so the demand for supplementary cementitious materials increases significantly.Limestone powder and steel slag powder are widely used as supplementary cementitious materials in modern concrete.However,for UHPC and self-compacting concrete,an extremely low water/binder(W/B)ratio is on one hand a key factor in achieving ultra-high strength and ultra-low porosity of the materials,on the other hand,also leads to the deterioration of the rheological properties of the fresh paste.Meanwhile,the existing researches focus on the influence of single limestone powder or steel slag powder on the mechanical properties or microstructure of cement-based materials.Little work on the influence of steel slag powder or limestone powder on the rheological properties of composite paste at an extremely low water/binder ratio has been investigated quantitatively.The mechanism of the effect of steel slag powder or limestone powder on the rheological properties of composite paste at extremely low water/binder ratios is still unclear.In this work,the effects of steel slag powder and limestone powder on the rheological properties of composite paste at different low water/binder ratios were analyzed via determining the flow diameter,setting time,marsh cone flow time,rheological parameters,and total organic carbon content.Methods A composite paste was prepared with P.I 42.5 ordinary Portland cement,steel slag powder,limestone powder,blast furnace slag and silica fume as raw materials in a certain proportion.To achieve the preparation of composite paste with extremely low water/binder ratios,a polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a water/reducing rate of 40%(Jiangsu Subot New Materials Co.,Ltd.,China)was used.The dosage of polycarboxylate superplasticizer for the composite paste with different water/binder ratios of 0.16 and 0.21 was 2%and 0.8%,respectively.Composite pastes with different proportions of steel slag powder or limestone powder at water/binder ratios of 0.16 and 0.21 were prepared.The flow diameter(i.e.,the larger the flow diameter,the better the fluidity),setting time(i.e.,the time when the fluidity is lost)and marsh cone flow time(i.e.,the shorter the flow time,the better the fluidity)were determined to analyze the fluidity of the composite pastes.the rheological properties of composite paste at a water/binder ratio of 0.16 for rheological properties tests were determined,and the rheological parameters were obtained by the H-B model.The adsorption performance of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer was analyzed by testing the TOC content.Results and discussion When the ratio of water/binder is 0.16,both limestone powder and steel slag powder initially increase the flow diameter of the composite paste.However,the fluidity of the composite paste decreases over time,and the reduction is more pronounced with steel slag powder.This is because the nucleation and hydration promotion effect of limestone powder can reduce the loss rate of flow diameter,while the rough particles of steel slag powder increase the internal friction force,resulting in a decrease in the flow diameter of composite paste.Adding limestone powder and steel slag powder both shortens the setting time and marsh cone flow time of the composite paste.However,the steel slag powder addition of 30%delays the final setting time due to its delaying effect.Also,limestone powder can enhance the thixotropy and reduce the yield stress and plastic viscosity,thereby improving the rheological properties.In contrast,steel slag powder can increase the yield stress and plastic viscosity,thereby weakening the rheological properties and thixotropy.Steel slag powder and limestone powder both can enhance the adsorption effect of polycarboxylate superplasticizer.Steel slag powder has a stronger adsorption effect.The composite paste containing limestone powder has a higher free water content.This is because the rough and porous surface of steel slag itself and the uneven particle shape lead to the physical adsorption of polycarboxylate superplasticizer molecules on the surface of steel slag particles,thereby reducing the effective content of the water reducer dispersion.Increasing the water/binder ratio to 0.21 results in a decrease in the flow diameter of the composite paste.Furthermore,the setting time and marsh cone flow time can prolong due to the reduction in the dosage of polycarboxylate superplasticizer.Conclusions The results showed that the fluidity loss rate of composite paste with limestone powder could be lower than that of composite paste with steel slag powder.Compared to steel slag powder,the addition of limestone powder reduced the setting time and marsh cone flow time of the composite paste.The addition of limestone powder could shorten the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the composite paste.Therefore,the composite paste with limestone powder had better rheological properties and stronger thixotropy rather than that with steel slag powder.The addition of limestone powder could improve the rheological properties of the composite paste.Compared to composite paste with limestone powder,a better adsorption effect of polycarboxylate superplasticizer on the surface of the composite binder with steel slag powder could be obtained.The free water content of the composite paste with limestone powder was still higher than that of the composite paste with steel slag powder.The fluidity and rheological properties of the composite paste with limestone powder could be better.The comprehensive analysis indicated that a positive effect of limestone powder on rheological properties of composite paste at an extremely low water/binder ratio could be more dominant than that of steel slag powder.展开更多
Aging plays a critical role in determining the durability and long-term performance of asphalt pavements,as it is influenced by both external factors(e.g.,temperature,ultraviolet(UV)radiation,moisture,oxidative gases)...Aging plays a critical role in determining the durability and long-term performance of asphalt pavements,as it is influenced by both external factors(e.g.,temperature,ultraviolet(UV)radiation,moisture,oxidative gases)and internal factors such as binder composition.Although laboratory simulations of aging are well established for conventional bituminous binders,limited attention has been paid to replicating and evaluating aging processes in bio-based binders.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current laboratory techniques for simulating and assessing binder aging,with a focus on two key areas:aging simulation protocols and evaluation methodologies.The analysis shows that although several efforts have been made to incorporate external aging factors into lab simulations,significant challenges persist,especially in the case of bio-based binders,which are characterized by a high variability in composition and limited understanding of their aging behavior.Current evaluation approaches also exhibit limitations.Improvements are needed in the molecular-level analysis of oxidation(e.g.,through more representative oxidation modelsin molecular dynamicssimulations),in the separation and quantification of binder constituents,and in the application of advanced techniques such as fluorescence microscopy to better characterize polymer dispersion.To enhance the reliability of laboratory simulations,future research should aim to improve the correlation between laboratory and field aging,define robust aging indexes,and refine characterization methods.These advancements are particularly critical for bio-based binders,whose performance is highly sensitive to aging and for which standard test protocols are still underdeveloped.A deeper understanding of aging mechanisms in both polymer-modified and biobased binders,along with improved analytical tools for assessing oxidative degradation and morphological changes,will be essential to support the development of sustainable,high-performance paving materials.展开更多
Silicon(Si)is considered one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity.However,its application is significantly limited by severe volume ...Silicon(Si)is considered one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity.However,its application is significantly limited by severe volume expansion,leading to structural degradation and poor cycling stability.Polymer binders play a critical role in addressing these issues by providing mechanical stabilization.Inspired by the mechanically adaptive architecture of spider webs,where stiff radial threads and extensible spiral threads act in synergy,a dual-thread architecture polymer binder(PALT)with energy dissipation ability enabled by integrating rigid and flexible domains is designed.The rigid poly(acrylic acid lithium)(PAALi)segments offer structural reinforcement,while the soft segments(poly(lipoic acid-tannic acid),LT)introduce dynamic covalent bonds and multiple hydrogen bonds that function as reversible sacrificial bonds,enhancing energy dissipation during cycling.Comprehensive experimental and computational analyses demonstrate effectively reduced stress concentration,improved structural integrity,and stable electrochemical performance over prolonged cycling.The silicon anode incorporating the PALT binder exhibits a satisfying capacity loss per cycle of 0.042% during 350 charge/discharge cycles at 3580 m A g^(-1).This work highlights a bioinspired binder design strategy that combines intrinsic rigidity with dynamic stress adaptability to advance the mechanical and electrochemical stability of silicon anodes.展开更多
The authors regret the following changes to the paper:1.The following author is added to this article:Agnieszka Chmielewska-Wysockaa 2.Section 2.1:●“An aqueous binder”should be changed to“A solvent binder”.●Repl...The authors regret the following changes to the paper:1.The following author is added to this article:Agnieszka Chmielewska-Wysockaa 2.Section 2.1:●“An aqueous binder”should be changed to“A solvent binder”.●Replace“a composition of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and ethylene glycol”by“50% binder saturation”.展开更多
The development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries is crucial for advancing sustainable energy storage technologies.However,their widespread application is hindered by Zn corrosion and uncontrolled Zn dendrite growth.One p...The development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries is crucial for advancing sustainable energy storage technologies.However,their widespread application is hindered by Zn corrosion and uncontrolled Zn dendrite growth.One promising approach involves creating a functional organic-inorganic interface on the Zn surface.Traditional binders,such as polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF),fail to regulate water activity and ion migration,limiting the effectiveness of the interface.Herein,we introduce an aqueous dual ionic/electronic conducting binder,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS),to build a water-scarce,Zn^(2+)-enriched interface.Our findings demonstrate that PEDOT:PSS not only facilitates uniform distribution of inorganic fillers,forming a cohesive and compact interface,but also significantly enhances mechanical integrity.Additionally,the sulfonate groups within the binder matrix disrupt the hydrogen bond network of water molecules,reducing water activity and lowering the desolvation energy barrier of Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)^(2+)clusters.Therefore,the transference number of Zn^(2+)is elevated to 0.81(compared to 0.61 with PVDF),mitigating undesirable side reactions and enabling dendrite-less Zn deposition.Consequently,symmetrical Zn||Zn cells with PEDOT:PSS binder demonstrate a lifetime with 4.2 times longer than those with PVDF.This work underscores the critical role of binder chemistry in stabilizing metal anodes for aqueous batteries.展开更多
Presently,many asphalts and modified asphalts fail to satisfy long-term serviceability and durability criteria.Researchers are utilizing several asphalt modifiers to enhance the overall performance of flexible pavemen...Presently,many asphalts and modified asphalts fail to satisfy long-term serviceability and durability criteria.Researchers are utilizing several asphalt modifiers to enhance the overall performance of flexible pavements.This study consolidated findings from multiple research efforts on using nanomaterials for modifying SBS modified asphalt(SBS MA)and conducted a comprehensive literature review.Initially,it discussed the importance of SBS MA within asphalt modification systems and identified the key nanomaterials utilized in SBS modified asphalt.After this,it reviewed their preparation methods,dispersion and characterization techniques,and their impact on the key performance parameters of SBS MA binder and its mixture such as viscosity,rutting resistance,fatigue resistance,ageing and moisture damage etc.Additionally,it highlighted the advantages of nanomaterials over other modifiers.This study also addressed the challenges and limitations of incorporating nanomaterials in SBS MA.The findings indicated that when properly integrated,nanomaterials could significantly improve the performance of SBS MA,making them a promising addition to future road construction and maintenance projects.However,using nanomaterials for SBS MA modifications and mixtures has been challenged by limited practical applications,insufficient life cycle cost analyses,a lack of standardized guidelines,cost-effective nanomaterials and insufficient mixing procedures.Those areas require additional research to realise the potential application of nanomaterials in SBS modified asphalt modifications full.展开更多
High-voltage LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)cathodes are critical for enhancing the energy density of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).The development of binders compatible with high-voltage NCM811 cathode material...High-voltage LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)cathodes are critical for enhancing the energy density of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).The development of binders compatible with high-voltage NCM811 cathode materials is crucial to enhance the electrochemical performance of LIBs.However,the traditional fluoropolymer binder,poly(vinylidene difluoride)(PVDF),can potentially leach components or break down into poly(fluoroalkyl substances)(PFAS)chemicals,thereby contributing to PFAS contamination.A novel fluorine-free polymer,polysulfone-polyamide-polyimide(SPIO),was designed and synthesized as a binder for NCM811 cathodes.The SPIO binder exhibits exceptional mechanical properties and superior electrochemical characteristics.The cathode film fabricated with SPIO demonstrated a remarkable delamination force of 8 N(390 N·m^(-1)),indicating robust adhesion.The Li‖NCM811 cell incorporating the SPIO binder retained 80%of its initial capacity after 300 cycles at a current density of 0.2 C.In comparison,the control cells assem bled with the PVDF binder retained only 52%of their capacities under the same cycling conditions.Furthermore,the SPIO binder exhibited improved compatibility with the electrolyte.Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the cathode films after 100 cycles revealed the formation of a unifo rm,dense,and continuous chemical-electrochemical interface(CEI)by the SPIO binder on the surface of the NCM811 particles,which significantly contributed to the enhancement of the electrochemical performance.These results highlight the potential of SPIO as an advanced binder material for high-perfo rmance lithium-ion batteries.展开更多
Amidst the ever-growing interest in high-mass-loading Li battery electrodes,a persistent challenge has been the insufficient continuity of their ion/electron conduction pathways.Here,we propose cellulose elementary fi...Amidst the ever-growing interest in high-mass-loading Li battery electrodes,a persistent challenge has been the insufficient continuity of their ion/electron conduction pathways.Here,we propose cellulose elementary fibrils(CEFs)as a class of deagglomerated binder for high-mass-loading electrodes.Derived from natural wood,CEF represents the most fundamental unit of cellulose with nanoscale diameter.The preparation of the CEFs involves the modulation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding by the treatment with a proton acceptor and a hydrotropic agent.This elementary deagglomeration of the cellulose fibers increases surface area and anionic charge density,thus promoting uniform dispersion with carbon conductive additives and suppressing interfacial side reactions at electrodes.Consequently,a homogeneous redox reaction is achieved throughout the electrodes.The resulting CEF-based cathode(overlithiated layered oxide(OLO)is chosen as a benchmark electrode active material)exhibits a high areal-mass-loading(50 mg cm^(-2),equivalent to an areal capacity of 12.5 mAh cm^(-2))and a high specific energy density(445.4 Wh kg–1)of a cell,which far exceeds those of previously reported OLO cathodes.This study highlights the viability of the deagglomerated binder in enabling sustainable high-mass-loading electrodes that are difficult to achieve with conventional synthetic polymer binders.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21871133)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20211146)the Science,Technology,and Innovation Commission of Shenzhen Municipality(No.JCYJ20180307153251975)。
文摘Phosphorus-based luminescent materials consist of certain phosphorus in the aromatic backbones,endowing a larger nuclear charge(Z,15P),rich valence states for the phosphorus core,and various electron geometries.These features enable promising exploitation for luminescent materials with significant quantum efficiencies and tunable singlet and triplet populations.This mini review focuses on the break-throughs of organic and organometallic phosphorus compounds in advanced circularly polarized fluorescence(CPF)and circularly polarized room-temperature phosphorescence(CP-RTP)by unveiling the structure-function relationships,e.g.,design concept,charge transfer(CT)type,chiral conformation,and excited state transition configuration,and the recent applications in optical information encryption,lighting-displaying,and organic light emitting diodes(OLEDs).By dedicated analysis of current progresses,we hope this work will throw insights into phosphorus-based CPF and CP-RTP behaviors and provide a reference for the rational design of high-performance phosphorus-based emitters.
基金We would like to show gratitude to the Yunnan Province Basic Research Major Project(202501BC070006(Y.Wang))Key Industry Science and Technology Projects for University Services in Yunnan Province(FWCY ZNT2024002(Y.Wang))+3 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279070(L.Wang))and(U21A20170(X.He))the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019YFA0705703(L.Wang))Beijing Natural Science Foundation(L242005(X.He))Key Industry Science and Technology Projects for University Services in Yunnan Province(FWCY BSPY2024011(T.Lai)).
文摘Long-life energy storage batteries are integral to energy storage systems and electric vehicles,with lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)currently being the preferred option for extended usage-life energy storage.To further extend the life span of LIBs,it is essential to intensify investments in battery design,manufacturing processes,and the advancement of ancillary materials.The pursuit of long durability introduces new challenges for battery energy density.The advent of electrode material offers effective support in enhancing the battery’s long-duration performance.Often underestimated as part of the cathode composition,the binder plays a pivotal role in the longevity and electrochemical performance of the electrode.Maintaining the mechanical integrity of the electrode through judicious binder design is a fundamental requirement for achieving consistent long-life cycles and high energy density.This paper primarily concentrates on the commonly employed cathode systems in lithium-ion batteries,elucidates the significance of binders for both,discusses the application status,strengths,and weaknesses of novel binders,and ultimately puts forth corresponding optimization strategies.It underscores the critical function of binders in enhancing battery performance and advancing the sustainable development of lithium-ion batteries,aiming to offer fresh insights and perspectives for the design of high-performance LIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52374311)National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFE0203000)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi(2023KXJ-262,2025SYS-SYSZD-035)the Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing in NPU(2025-TS-10)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(D5000250277)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities。
文摘Layered oxides present compelling potential as cathode materials for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs).However,challenges including interfacial instability and sluggish reaction kinetics critically limit their rate capability and cycling performance.Herein,we introduce the water-soluble sodium polyacrylate(NaPAA)binder as a promising approach to mitigating these issues in P2-type layered oxides.The NaPAA binder facilitates the formation of a uniform Na^(+) conductive interfacial film,which protects the cathode against electrolyte-induced corrosion and effectively inhibits the dissolution of transition metals in P2-Na_(0.85)Li_(0.12)Ni_(0.22)Mn_(0.66)O_(2)(NLNMO).Furthermore,we elucidate the mechanism by which the NaPAA binder dynamically regulates the coordination of free anions at the electrode-electrolyte interface.This regulation reduces solvent decomposition and promotes the formation of a stable,ionically conductive layer.Consequently,the P2-NLNMO@NaPAA integrated electrode exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance,achieving an 89.2%capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.2 C and delivering an initial capacity of 102.9 mA h g^(-1) even at 0℃.This study advances the fundamental understanding of binder-mediated interface engineering and demonstrates a scalable and eco-friendly manufacturing pathway for high-performance SIBs.
基金Project supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (B20094007)Wuhan Mu-nicipal Institutions of Scientific Project (2008K018)
文摘Studies were carried out on the extraction characters of trivalent rare earths from chloride solutions using organophosphorus acids 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono-（2-ethylhexyl） ester （HEHEHP） combined with [di-（2-ethylhexyl）-phosphoric acid （HDEHP）,isopropylphosphonic acid 1-hexyl-4-ethyloctyl ester （HHEOIPP）,bis（2,4,4-trimethylpentyl）-phosphinic acid （Cyanex 272）,bis（2,4,4-trimethypentyl）-monothiophosphinic acid （Cyanex 302） or bis（2,4,4-trimethypentyl）-dithiophosphinic acid （Cyanex 301）] as extractants. The effect of the equilibrium aqueous acidity on the extraction was studied. According to the corresponding separation factors for adjacent pairs of rare earths,it could be concluded that HEHEHP and Cyanex 272 could be employed for the separation of Tm（Ⅲ）,Yb（Ⅲ）,Lu（Ⅲ） from the other rare earths. Taking Yb（Ⅲ） as an example,based on the different stripping acid,the potential of the stripping was estimated.
基金Project(51474161)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The chemical compositions,mineralogical characteristics,as well as dissemination of iron-and phosphorus-based minerals were studied for the E’xi oolitic hematite from western Hubei Province in China by using chemical analysis,optical microscope,electron probe micro-analyzer(EPMA)and energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS).It is found that this kind of oolitic hematite ore contains 47.71%TFe,10.96%SiO_2,as well as 0.874%P,with hematite as the dominant Fe-bearing minerals,and quartz,chamosite,illite and cellophane as main gangue minerals.The microscope examination showed that the ore has an oolitic structure,with some ooids principally formed by a series of concentric layers of hematite collophanite around nucleus that is hematite in the association with collophanite.Based on the EPMA and EDS analysis,it can be known that some ooids are primarily composed of hematite and collophanite.The separation can be achieved through fine grinding for those collophanite laminae with a higher P content.However,the dissemination of two minerals at the interface will result in the difficulty in effective separation.Besides,some ooids are made of chamosite with some nucleus formed of quartz,which is principally finely disseminated with hematite.In view of the close association and dissemination of iron-and phosphorus-based minerals in the ooids,it is found that the process of stage-grindings and stage-separations can be adopted to effectively increase the iron recovery and decrease the P content in the concentrate to some extent.
文摘An energetic binder based on hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene(HTPB),doped with different ratios of nitrocellulose(NC)(10%,20%,30%,and 50%),was developed to study the effect of NC doping on the thermal decomposition behavior of a composite propellant(CP)comprising ammonium nitrate(AN)as an oxidizer and magnesium(Mg)as a fuel.Optimization of the propellant formulation was conducted using Chemical Equilibrium with Applications-National Aeronautics and Space Administration(CEA-NASA)software,which demonstrated an increase in specific impulse by 12.09 s when the binder contained 50%NC.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR)analysis confirmed the excellent compatibility between the components,and density measurements revealed an increase of 6.4%with a higher NC content.Morphological analysis using optical microscopy showed that NC doping improved the uniformity and compactness of the surface,reduced cavities,and achieved a more homogeneous particle distribution.Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)analysis indicated a decrease in the decomposition temperature of the propellant as the NC content increased,while kinetic studies revealed a 48.68%reduction in the activation energy when 50%NC was incorporated into the binder.These findings suggest that the addition of NC enhances combustion efficiency and improves overall propellant performance.This study highlights the potential of the new HTPB-NC energetic binder as a promising approach for advancing solid propellant technology.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.92372111 and 22179070)the Fundame ntal Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.RF1028623157)the SEU Innovation Capability Enhancement Plan for Doctoral Students(CXJH_SEU 24063)。
文摘Anode binders undergo decomposition during thermal runaway,generating highly flammable and explosive hydrogen,which poses a significant threat to the safety of lithium-ion batteries.However,the binder due to its relatively small proportion is often overlooked in terms of its importance.This study elucidates the universal mechanism of hydrogen generation from the decomposition of binders and identifies the hydrogen-containing chemical bonds within the molecular structure of binders as the fundamental sources of hydrogen.The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of six commonly used binders reveals that five of them possess hydrogen-containing chemical bonds,indicating a potential for hydrogen generation,whereas the polytetrafluoroethylene binder lacks such bonds and cannot generate hydrogen.Differential scanning calorimetry is employed to compare the decomposition of these binders and their reaction with lithiated graphite.The results demonstrate that cyclic molecular structures not only enhance thermal stability but also increase the difficulty of hydrogen generation.Moreover,binders devoid of hydrogen atoms exhibit superior thermal stability and completely eliminate the risk of hydrogen generation.These findings provide critical insights into the molecular design of binders,offering promising strategies to mitigate or prevent hydrogen generation from binder decomposition and thereby substantially improve the safety of lithium-ion batteries.
文摘This review is composed of three main parts each of which is written by well-known top specialists that have been,in a way or other,also the main participants of the majority of the developments reported.Thus,after a general part covering the grand lines and more in-depth views of more recent tannin,lignin,carbohydrate and soy bioadhesives,somemix of the other bio raw materials with soy protein and soy flour and some other differently sourced bioadhesives for wood,this review presents a more in-depth part on starch-based wood adhesives and a more indepth part covering plant protein-based adhesives.It must be kept in mind that the review is focused on completely or almost completely biosourced adhesives,the fashionable adhesives derived from mixes of biosourced materials with synthetic resins having been intentionally excluded.This choice was made as the latter constitute only an intermediate interval,possibly temporary if even for a somewhat long times,towards a final full bioeconomy of scale in this field.This review also focuses on more recent results,mainly obtained in the last 10–20 years,thus on adhesive formulations really innovative and sometimes even non-traditional.In all these fields there is still a lot of possibility of innovation for relevant formulation as this field is still in rapid growth.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52375451)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Nos.ZR2023YQ052 and ZR2023ME087)+5 种基金the Shandong Provincial Technological SME Innovation Capability Promotion Project,China(No.2023TSGC0375)the Young Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,China(No.tsqn202306041)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2023A1515010044)the Shandong Provincial Youth Innovation Team,China(No.2022KJ038)the Open project of State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication,China(No.LSL-22-11)Qilu Youth Scholar Project Funding of Shandong University,China.
文摘The binder phase performs critically on the comprehensive properties of cemented carbides,especially the hardness(HV)and fracture toughness(K_(IC))relationship.There are strong motivations in both research community and industry for developing alternative binders to Co in cemented carbide system,due to the reasons such as price instability,property degeneration,and toxicity.Herein,six kinds of high entropy alloys(HEA)including CoCrFeNiMn,CoCrFeMnAl,CoCrFeNiAl,CoCrNiMnAl,CoFeNiMnAl,and CrFeNiMnAl were employed as the alternative binder for the preparation of WC-HEA cemented carbides through mechanical alloying and two-step spark plasma sintering.The impacts of HEA on the microstructures,mechanical properties,and thermal conductivity of WC-HEA hardmetals were determined and discussed.WC-HEA hardmetals exhibited both superior HV and K_(IC)to WC-metal or WC-intermetallic cemented carbides,indicating that HEA alloys were not only harder but also tougher in comparison with traditional metal or intermetallic binders.The HEA bonded hardmetals yielded thermal conductivities much lower than that of traditional WC-Co cemented carbide.The excellent HV-K_(IC)relationship of WC-HEA facilitated the potential engineering structural application of cemented carbides.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFB3807700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072217,22179071,51772169,and 52104313)+3 种基金the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2023AFB618 and 2024AFB993)the Hubei Natural Science Foundation Innovation Group Project(2022CFA020)the Joint Funds of the Hubei Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development(2022CFD034)the Major Technological Innovation Project of Hubei Science and Technology Department(2019AAA164)。
文摘Black phosphorus(BP)is recognized as a promising anode for sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)due to its high safety and theoretical capacity.However,traditional ball milling methodologies for fabricating BP composite anodes have not satisfactorily addressed the challenges of poor rate performance and short cycle life.To fill this scientific gap,we herein pioneer incorporating the sodium fast ionic conductorβ"-Al_(2)O_(3)into ball-milled BP with carbon,which facilitates the formation of three-dimensional mass transfer channels in the resulting composite.To stabilize these channels,we develop a novel and environmentally friendly functional binder that outperforms traditional binders in thermal stability,wettability,and mechanical properties.The newly established binder is capable of remarkably mitigating volume expansion and interfacial side reactions in the BP/β"-Al_(2)O_(3)/C composite anode.Additionally,we identify synergistic effects of the binder interacting with the BP/β"-Al_(2)O_(3)/C composite during cycling,characterized by the in-situ formation of P-O-C bonds,which is the first instance of a strong,durable chemical bond between the binder and the active material to the best of our knowledge.These advancements allow the composite electrode to exhibit exceptional sodium storage,including high initial Coulombic efficiency and long-term cycling stability,which surpasses most previous phosphorus-based anodes fabricated via traditional approaches.Notably,when paired with a Na_(4)Fe_(3)(PO_(4))_(2)P_(2)O_7(NFPP)cathode,the full cell exhibits unexpectedly high energy and power densities,highlighting the BP potential in SIBs.The findings presented in the present work contribute to the promotion of economical and efficient applications of phosphorus-based anode materials.
文摘Microwave-curing and mechanical grinding of fly ash have both beenadopted as effective methods for improving the early-age strength of alkali-activated fly ash(AAFA)binders.This study combined these two approaches by synthesizing AAFA using original,medium-fine,and ultrafine fly ash as precursors,and then specimens were cured with a five-stage temperature-controlled microwave.The compressive strength results indicate that the original AAFA develops the highest strength initially during microwave-curing,reaching 28 MPa at stage 2.Medium-fine AAFA exhibits the highest strength of 60 MPa when cured to stage 4-I,which is 26%higher than the peak strength of original AAFA.It is attributed to the significant rise in their specific surface area,which accelerates the dissolution of Si and Al from the precursor and facilitates the subsequent formation of N-A-S-H gels.Additionally,nanoscale zeolite crystals formed as secondary products fill the tiny gaps between amorphous products,thereby significantly improving their microstructure.In contrast,ultrafine fly ash,primarily composed of fragmented particles,necessitated a substantial amount of water,which adversely affects the absorption efficiency for microwave of AAFA specimens.Thus,ultrafine AAFA specimens consistently exhibit the lowest compressive strength.Specifically,at the end of curing,the compressive strength of these three specimens with microwave-curing is approximately 32%,59%,and 172%higher than that of the steam-cured sample,respectively.These findings demonstrate the compatibility of microwave-curing and fly ash refinement in enhancing the early compressive strength development of AAFA.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Pro-gram of China(No.2022YFB3805701)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.52371182,51701052,52192592,52192593)+1 种基金Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(No.2019QNRC001)the Heilongjiang Touyan Innovation Team Program.
文摘1.Introduction.Ni-Mn-X(X=Ga,In,Sn,or Sb)Heusler alloys have versatile properties[1-4],such as shape memory effect[1],superelastic-ity[5],magnetocaloric effect[3],elastocaloric effect[6],and even multicaloric effect[7],that indicate their potential for use in actu-ators,sensors,micropumps,energy harvesters,and solid-state re-frigeration[8-10].Among the alloys,Ni-Mn-Sn-based alloys are environment-friendly and cost-effective[6,7,11],and hence,they have received widespread attention.
文摘Introduction The widespread use of cement in concrete leads to increased carbon emissions,so the demand for supplementary cementitious materials increases significantly.Limestone powder and steel slag powder are widely used as supplementary cementitious materials in modern concrete.However,for UHPC and self-compacting concrete,an extremely low water/binder(W/B)ratio is on one hand a key factor in achieving ultra-high strength and ultra-low porosity of the materials,on the other hand,also leads to the deterioration of the rheological properties of the fresh paste.Meanwhile,the existing researches focus on the influence of single limestone powder or steel slag powder on the mechanical properties or microstructure of cement-based materials.Little work on the influence of steel slag powder or limestone powder on the rheological properties of composite paste at an extremely low water/binder ratio has been investigated quantitatively.The mechanism of the effect of steel slag powder or limestone powder on the rheological properties of composite paste at extremely low water/binder ratios is still unclear.In this work,the effects of steel slag powder and limestone powder on the rheological properties of composite paste at different low water/binder ratios were analyzed via determining the flow diameter,setting time,marsh cone flow time,rheological parameters,and total organic carbon content.Methods A composite paste was prepared with P.I 42.5 ordinary Portland cement,steel slag powder,limestone powder,blast furnace slag and silica fume as raw materials in a certain proportion.To achieve the preparation of composite paste with extremely low water/binder ratios,a polycarboxylate superplasticizer with a water/reducing rate of 40%(Jiangsu Subot New Materials Co.,Ltd.,China)was used.The dosage of polycarboxylate superplasticizer for the composite paste with different water/binder ratios of 0.16 and 0.21 was 2%and 0.8%,respectively.Composite pastes with different proportions of steel slag powder or limestone powder at water/binder ratios of 0.16 and 0.21 were prepared.The flow diameter(i.e.,the larger the flow diameter,the better the fluidity),setting time(i.e.,the time when the fluidity is lost)and marsh cone flow time(i.e.,the shorter the flow time,the better the fluidity)were determined to analyze the fluidity of the composite pastes.the rheological properties of composite paste at a water/binder ratio of 0.16 for rheological properties tests were determined,and the rheological parameters were obtained by the H-B model.The adsorption performance of the polycarboxylate superplasticizer was analyzed by testing the TOC content.Results and discussion When the ratio of water/binder is 0.16,both limestone powder and steel slag powder initially increase the flow diameter of the composite paste.However,the fluidity of the composite paste decreases over time,and the reduction is more pronounced with steel slag powder.This is because the nucleation and hydration promotion effect of limestone powder can reduce the loss rate of flow diameter,while the rough particles of steel slag powder increase the internal friction force,resulting in a decrease in the flow diameter of composite paste.Adding limestone powder and steel slag powder both shortens the setting time and marsh cone flow time of the composite paste.However,the steel slag powder addition of 30%delays the final setting time due to its delaying effect.Also,limestone powder can enhance the thixotropy and reduce the yield stress and plastic viscosity,thereby improving the rheological properties.In contrast,steel slag powder can increase the yield stress and plastic viscosity,thereby weakening the rheological properties and thixotropy.Steel slag powder and limestone powder both can enhance the adsorption effect of polycarboxylate superplasticizer.Steel slag powder has a stronger adsorption effect.The composite paste containing limestone powder has a higher free water content.This is because the rough and porous surface of steel slag itself and the uneven particle shape lead to the physical adsorption of polycarboxylate superplasticizer molecules on the surface of steel slag particles,thereby reducing the effective content of the water reducer dispersion.Increasing the water/binder ratio to 0.21 results in a decrease in the flow diameter of the composite paste.Furthermore,the setting time and marsh cone flow time can prolong due to the reduction in the dosage of polycarboxylate superplasticizer.Conclusions The results showed that the fluidity loss rate of composite paste with limestone powder could be lower than that of composite paste with steel slag powder.Compared to steel slag powder,the addition of limestone powder reduced the setting time and marsh cone flow time of the composite paste.The addition of limestone powder could shorten the yield stress and plastic viscosity of the composite paste.Therefore,the composite paste with limestone powder had better rheological properties and stronger thixotropy rather than that with steel slag powder.The addition of limestone powder could improve the rheological properties of the composite paste.Compared to composite paste with limestone powder,a better adsorption effect of polycarboxylate superplasticizer on the surface of the composite binder with steel slag powder could be obtained.The free water content of the composite paste with limestone powder was still higher than that of the composite paste with steel slag powder.The fluidity and rheological properties of the composite paste with limestone powder could be better.The comprehensive analysis indicated that a positive effect of limestone powder on rheological properties of composite paste at an extremely low water/binder ratio could be more dominant than that of steel slag powder.
文摘Aging plays a critical role in determining the durability and long-term performance of asphalt pavements,as it is influenced by both external factors(e.g.,temperature,ultraviolet(UV)radiation,moisture,oxidative gases)and internal factors such as binder composition.Although laboratory simulations of aging are well established for conventional bituminous binders,limited attention has been paid to replicating and evaluating aging processes in bio-based binders.This review provides a comprehensive analysis of current laboratory techniques for simulating and assessing binder aging,with a focus on two key areas:aging simulation protocols and evaluation methodologies.The analysis shows that although several efforts have been made to incorporate external aging factors into lab simulations,significant challenges persist,especially in the case of bio-based binders,which are characterized by a high variability in composition and limited understanding of their aging behavior.Current evaluation approaches also exhibit limitations.Improvements are needed in the molecular-level analysis of oxidation(e.g.,through more representative oxidation modelsin molecular dynamicssimulations),in the separation and quantification of binder constituents,and in the application of advanced techniques such as fluorescence microscopy to better characterize polymer dispersion.To enhance the reliability of laboratory simulations,future research should aim to improve the correlation between laboratory and field aging,define robust aging indexes,and refine characterization methods.These advancements are particularly critical for bio-based binders,whose performance is highly sensitive to aging and for which standard test protocols are still underdeveloped.A deeper understanding of aging mechanisms in both polymer-modified and biobased binders,along with improved analytical tools for assessing oxidative degradation and morphological changes,will be essential to support the development of sustainable,high-performance paving materials.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201497)for the financial support of this research。
文摘Silicon(Si)is considered one of the most promising anode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity.However,its application is significantly limited by severe volume expansion,leading to structural degradation and poor cycling stability.Polymer binders play a critical role in addressing these issues by providing mechanical stabilization.Inspired by the mechanically adaptive architecture of spider webs,where stiff radial threads and extensible spiral threads act in synergy,a dual-thread architecture polymer binder(PALT)with energy dissipation ability enabled by integrating rigid and flexible domains is designed.The rigid poly(acrylic acid lithium)(PAALi)segments offer structural reinforcement,while the soft segments(poly(lipoic acid-tannic acid),LT)introduce dynamic covalent bonds and multiple hydrogen bonds that function as reversible sacrificial bonds,enhancing energy dissipation during cycling.Comprehensive experimental and computational analyses demonstrate effectively reduced stress concentration,improved structural integrity,and stable electrochemical performance over prolonged cycling.The silicon anode incorporating the PALT binder exhibits a satisfying capacity loss per cycle of 0.042% during 350 charge/discharge cycles at 3580 m A g^(-1).This work highlights a bioinspired binder design strategy that combines intrinsic rigidity with dynamic stress adaptability to advance the mechanical and electrochemical stability of silicon anodes.
文摘The authors regret the following changes to the paper:1.The following author is added to this article:Agnieszka Chmielewska-Wysockaa 2.Section 2.1:●“An aqueous binder”should be changed to“A solvent binder”.●Replace“a composition of ethylene glycol monobutyl ether and ethylene glycol”by“50% binder saturation”.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22461142135,22479046)the Key Programs funded by Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Provincial Government(Grant:No.2024GX-YBXM-336)+2 种基金the Xi’an Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology(Grant:No.2023JHGXRC-0097)the Yulin Science and Technology Bureau(Grant:No.2024-CXY-161)the Xi’an Beilin District Science and Technology and Industrial Information Bureau(Grant:No.GX2440)。
文摘The development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries is crucial for advancing sustainable energy storage technologies.However,their widespread application is hindered by Zn corrosion and uncontrolled Zn dendrite growth.One promising approach involves creating a functional organic-inorganic interface on the Zn surface.Traditional binders,such as polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF),fail to regulate water activity and ion migration,limiting the effectiveness of the interface.Herein,we introduce an aqueous dual ionic/electronic conducting binder,poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate(PEDOT:PSS),to build a water-scarce,Zn^(2+)-enriched interface.Our findings demonstrate that PEDOT:PSS not only facilitates uniform distribution of inorganic fillers,forming a cohesive and compact interface,but also significantly enhances mechanical integrity.Additionally,the sulfonate groups within the binder matrix disrupt the hydrogen bond network of water molecules,reducing water activity and lowering the desolvation energy barrier of Zn(H_(2)O)_(6)^(2+)clusters.Therefore,the transference number of Zn^(2+)is elevated to 0.81(compared to 0.61 with PVDF),mitigating undesirable side reactions and enabling dendrite-less Zn deposition.Consequently,symmetrical Zn||Zn cells with PEDOT:PSS binder demonstrate a lifetime with 4.2 times longer than those with PVDF.This work underscores the critical role of binder chemistry in stabilizing metal anodes for aqueous batteries.
基金supported by the Key R&D Project in Shaanxi Province(No.2024GX-YBXM-371)Shaanxi Qinchuangyuan“Scientists+Engineers”Team Construction Project(2025QCY-KXJ-141).
文摘Presently,many asphalts and modified asphalts fail to satisfy long-term serviceability and durability criteria.Researchers are utilizing several asphalt modifiers to enhance the overall performance of flexible pavements.This study consolidated findings from multiple research efforts on using nanomaterials for modifying SBS modified asphalt(SBS MA)and conducted a comprehensive literature review.Initially,it discussed the importance of SBS MA within asphalt modification systems and identified the key nanomaterials utilized in SBS modified asphalt.After this,it reviewed their preparation methods,dispersion and characterization techniques,and their impact on the key performance parameters of SBS MA binder and its mixture such as viscosity,rutting resistance,fatigue resistance,ageing and moisture damage etc.Additionally,it highlighted the advantages of nanomaterials over other modifiers.This study also addressed the challenges and limitations of incorporating nanomaterials in SBS MA.The findings indicated that when properly integrated,nanomaterials could significantly improve the performance of SBS MA,making them a promising addition to future road construction and maintenance projects.However,using nanomaterials for SBS MA modifications and mixtures has been challenged by limited practical applications,insufficient life cycle cost analyses,a lack of standardized guidelines,cost-effective nanomaterials and insufficient mixing procedures.Those areas require additional research to realise the potential application of nanomaterials in SBS modified asphalt modifications full.
基金supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(No.JCYJ20220818100407016)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22275059)+1 种基金Guangdong Special Support Program(No.2021TX06L775)high-level special funds(No.G03050K002)。
文摘High-voltage LiNi_(0.8)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)O_(2)(NCM811)cathodes are critical for enhancing the energy density of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).The development of binders compatible with high-voltage NCM811 cathode materials is crucial to enhance the electrochemical performance of LIBs.However,the traditional fluoropolymer binder,poly(vinylidene difluoride)(PVDF),can potentially leach components or break down into poly(fluoroalkyl substances)(PFAS)chemicals,thereby contributing to PFAS contamination.A novel fluorine-free polymer,polysulfone-polyamide-polyimide(SPIO),was designed and synthesized as a binder for NCM811 cathodes.The SPIO binder exhibits exceptional mechanical properties and superior electrochemical characteristics.The cathode film fabricated with SPIO demonstrated a remarkable delamination force of 8 N(390 N·m^(-1)),indicating robust adhesion.The Li‖NCM811 cell incorporating the SPIO binder retained 80%of its initial capacity after 300 cycles at a current density of 0.2 C.In comparison,the control cells assem bled with the PVDF binder retained only 52%of their capacities under the same cycling conditions.Furthermore,the SPIO binder exhibited improved compatibility with the electrolyte.Transmission electron microscopy analysis of the cathode films after 100 cycles revealed the formation of a unifo rm,dense,and continuous chemical-electrochemical interface(CEI)by the SPIO binder on the surface of the NCM811 particles,which significantly contributed to the enhancement of the electrochemical performance.These results highlight the potential of SPIO as an advanced binder material for high-perfo rmance lithium-ion batteries.
基金supported by the Institute of Civil Military Technology Cooperation funded by the Defense Acquisition Program Administration and Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy of Korean government under grant No 23-CM-AI-08.
文摘Amidst the ever-growing interest in high-mass-loading Li battery electrodes,a persistent challenge has been the insufficient continuity of their ion/electron conduction pathways.Here,we propose cellulose elementary fibrils(CEFs)as a class of deagglomerated binder for high-mass-loading electrodes.Derived from natural wood,CEF represents the most fundamental unit of cellulose with nanoscale diameter.The preparation of the CEFs involves the modulation of intermolecular hydrogen bonding by the treatment with a proton acceptor and a hydrotropic agent.This elementary deagglomeration of the cellulose fibers increases surface area and anionic charge density,thus promoting uniform dispersion with carbon conductive additives and suppressing interfacial side reactions at electrodes.Consequently,a homogeneous redox reaction is achieved throughout the electrodes.The resulting CEF-based cathode(overlithiated layered oxide(OLO)is chosen as a benchmark electrode active material)exhibits a high areal-mass-loading(50 mg cm^(-2),equivalent to an areal capacity of 12.5 mAh cm^(-2))and a high specific energy density(445.4 Wh kg–1)of a cell,which far exceeds those of previously reported OLO cathodes.This study highlights the viability of the deagglomerated binder in enabling sustainable high-mass-loading electrodes that are difficult to achieve with conventional synthetic polymer binders.
