An electron-addition, under single-crystal conditions, to pentavalent phosphorus compounds as Cl-P (=O, S) Y, Z with the P-Cl bond as electron-accepting group, is selected as an additional model for SN2(P) like reacti...An electron-addition, under single-crystal conditions, to pentavalent phosphorus compounds as Cl-P (=O, S) Y, Z with the P-Cl bond as electron-accepting group, is selected as an additional model for SN2(P) like reactions. It is demonstrated that the geometric information stored in the tetrahedral configuration (substrate) can be transmitted in the corresponding trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) state for nucleophilic substitution. In this article, we focus on these specific mechanistic aspects of carbon and phosphorus. We consider our study as a contribution to the significance of these (bio)chemical intermediates.展开更多
Exogenous organic input impacts soil phosphorus transformation.Meanwhile,dissolved organic matter(DOM)is crucial for biogeochemical functions.Nevertheless,the interaction between the structural composition of DOM and ...Exogenous organic input impacts soil phosphorus transformation.Meanwhile,dissolved organic matter(DOM)is crucial for biogeochemical functions.Nevertheless,the interaction between the structural composition of DOM and phosphorus during the soil formation process of phosphogypsum(PG)remains unknown.This study explores the interaction between the structural composition of DOM and phosphorus in enhanced PG under the participation of fungal microorganisms through different application amounts of exogenous organic matter and culture time.Results show that application of exogenous organic matter led to varying degrees of increase in dissolved organic carbon(DOC)concentration and humification extent in the soil-like substrate.Additionally,the relative abundance of protein-like component C3 exhibited a trend of initial increase followed by decline over time.The contents of available phosphorus(AP),microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP),and active phosphorus pools(Active-P)in the soil-like substrate are all enhanced overall.Furthermore,a significant correlation exists between DOC and AP as well as MBP.This suggests that DOM is a crucial factor in enhancing the phosphorus availability of the soil-like substrate.The enrichment of known phosphate-solubilizing fungi in culturing favors the decomposition,activation and utilization of hard-to-mineralize phosphorus components in the soil-like substrate.These findings help understand DOM’s biogeochemical behavior and offer insights into PG utilization and the sustainable development of China’s phosphorus industry.展开更多
The increasing global threat of water pollution demands advanced multilayer sensing technologies with efficacy to detect contaminants with high sensitivity and adaptability in complex aquatic environments.In this theo...The increasing global threat of water pollution demands advanced multilayer sensing technologies with efficacy to detect contaminants with high sensitivity and adaptability in complex aquatic environments.In this theoretical analysis,we investigated a novel multilayer surface plasmon resonance(SPR)system as an optical sensing platform to detect water pollutants and salinity concentrations.The proposed sensor comprised silver,barium borate(BBO),and black phosphorus(BP)layers on a Borokon 7(BK7)prism,which formed a tunable and highly responsive configuration under the Kretschmann geometry.It employed the transfer matrix method(TMM)and angular interrogation in the visible regime to evaluate reflectance spectra and key sensing parameters.The outcomes revealed that the sensor exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for refractive index(RI)variations corresponding to polluted water samples,including sodium chloride(NaCl)concentrations.The system exhibited strong plasmonic coupling and interfacial interactions,yielding the maximum sensitivity(138.7°/RIU)and figure of merit(73.57 RIU^(-1))toward water samples with 4%NaCl and chemical contamination,respectively.At refractive index of 1.33 and 1.34,by varying the layers of BBO and BP,the maximum sensitivity achieved was 320°/RIU with six BBO layers and a monolayer of BP.These results demonstrated that the proposed SPR sensor configuration,which successfully differentiated between various water quality levels based on refractive index variations,had tremendous potential for next‐generation real‐time water quality monitoring.展开更多
The continuous supply of phosphorus(P)is indispensable in crop production.However,P resources are non-renewable,and environmental concerns like eutrophication associated with its loss from agroecosystems make the sust...The continuous supply of phosphorus(P)is indispensable in crop production.However,P resources are non-renewable,and environmental concerns like eutrophication associated with its loss from agroecosystems make the sustainable management of P resources essential for ensuring global food security.This study was designed to reduce mineral P inputs through management practices.A field experiment comprising a wheat-maize rotation system was conducted in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province,China from 2018-2023.The eight treatments included CK(without P),FP(conventional P application);RP(recommended P);RP80(20% reduction in RP);SRP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping);ARP80(20% reduction in RP with ammonium sulfate instead of urea);SARP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea);and SARP60(40% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea).Crop yield,P uptake,and P fertilizer use efficiency were measured during harvest and throughout the entire period of the study.At the end of the experiment,P fractions were estimated using the Tiessen-Moir P classification method.The results revealed that the grain yields of all the treatments except for RP80 were significantly increased compared to CK,with increases of 14.9-28.8%.Furthermore,agronomic efficiency,apparent P use efficiency,P recovery rate,and partial factor productivity were significantly improved for the treatments that received 20% less P with straw wrapping.Moreover,the enhancement measures significantly increased labile and moderately labile P in the soil.Therefore,straw wrapping with ammonium sulfate instead of urea is one of the most effective ways to reduce mineral P inputs while increasing the efficiency of P in wheat-maize rotation systems.展开更多
Perovskite oxides are highly promising catalysts for the combustion removal of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)due to their excellent stability,structural flexibility,and compositional versatility.This study presents ...Perovskite oxides are highly promising catalysts for the combustion removal of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)due to their excellent stability,structural flexibility,and compositional versatility.This study presents a novel perovskite oxide that exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and superior durability for toluene combustion at reduced temperatures.This improvement is achieved by phosphorus doping at the B-site of LaCoO_(3-δ)(LC)perovskite oxide,followed by post-synthesis acid etching for a proper time.The resulting catalyst demonstrates increased specific surface area,higher total pore volume,and enhanced oxygen vacancy concentration both in the bulk and on the surface.Additionally,the activity of surface lattice oxygen species is significantly improved,leading to enhanced catalytic performance in toluene combustion.Notably,the optimized catalyst shows an exceptionally low activation energy(E_(a))of 49.3 kJ mol^(-1),with a T90 reduction of over 214℃compared to the phosphorus doped LC and 190℃compared to pristine LC.Phosphorus doping plays a main role in significantly improving the long-term durability,particularly in the presence of CO_(2)and H_(2)O,while acid etching boosts the catalytic activity.This work introduces a rational and innovative strategy for optimizing VOC oxidation by improving the structure and surface chemical states of perovskite catalysts.展开更多
The intrinsic insulation and drastic volume change of the red phosphorus during the 3-electron alloying process greatly limits its widespread applications in sodium-ion batteries.Here,we report a monomicelle-directed ...The intrinsic insulation and drastic volume change of the red phosphorus during the 3-electron alloying process greatly limits its widespread applications in sodium-ion batteries.Here,we report a monomicelle-directed assembly approach for controllable synthesis of monodispersed mesoporous polypyrrole(PPy)nanospheres,which allows for the shape-preserving conversion into N-doped carbon with regular mesoscopic pore and high surface area,thus affording a high dispersion of red phosphorus during melt impregnation process due to the available diffusion apertures and strong molecular chemical anchoring.Moreover,the theoretical calculations further revealed that positively polarized pyridine N atoms in N-doped mesoporous carbon nanospheres can empower comprehensive regulation of red phosphorus adsorption by strong chemical binding.Benefitting from the above advantages,the resultant red phosphorus host for sodium-ion batteries delivered an outstanding reversible capacity of 856 mAh/g with a capacity fading rate of only 0.025%per cycle during 1000 cycles at 1.0 A/g.This work provides an effective approach based on monomicelle-directed assembly engineering of carbon-based phosphorus hosts for advanced energy conversion and storage systems.展开更多
Violet phosphorus,a recently explored layered elemental semiconductor,has attracted much attention due to its unique photoelectric,mechanical properties,and high hole mobility.Herein,violet arsenic phosphorus has for ...Violet phosphorus,a recently explored layered elemental semiconductor,has attracted much attention due to its unique photoelectric,mechanical properties,and high hole mobility.Herein,violet arsenic phosphorus has for the first time been synthesized by a molten lead method.The crystal structure of violet arsenic phosphorus(P^(83.4)As_(0.6),CSD-2408761)was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction to have similar structure as that of violet phosphorus,where P12 is occupied by arsenic/phosphorus(As/P)atoms as mixed occupancy sites As1/P12.The arsenic substitution has been demonstrated to tune the band structure of violet phosphorus,switching p-type of violet phosphorus to high-performance n-type violet arsenic phosphorus.The effective electron mass along the<010>direction is significantly reduced from 1.792 to 0.515 m_(0)by arsenic substitution,resulting in an extremely high electron mobility of 2622.503 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1).The field effect transistor built with P_(83.4)As_(0.6)nanosheets was measured to have a high electron mobility(137.06 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1),61.2 nm),even under ambient conditions for 5 h,much higher than the hole mobility of violet phosphorene nanosheets(4.07 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1),73.3 nm).This work provides a new idea for designing phosphorus-based materials for field effect transistors,giving significant potential in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor applications.展开更多
Nanoscale red phosphorus(NRP)was synthesized via a phosphorus-amine dissolution method and immobilized onto mesoporous silica nanospheres(MSNs)to obtain hybrid NRP@MSN particles with improved dispersion stability.Epox...Nanoscale red phosphorus(NRP)was synthesized via a phosphorus-amine dissolution method and immobilized onto mesoporous silica nanospheres(MSNs)to obtain hybrid NRP@MSN particles with improved dispersion stability.Epoxy resin(EP)composites containing 2 wt%fillers were prepared to evaluate their thermal and flame-retardant behaviors.Compared with EP,the NRP@MSNs/EP composite significantly enhanced fire safety,resulting in a 52.8%reduction in the peak heat release rate,a 13.9%decrease in total smoke production,and a 165%increase in char yield.Mechanical testing revealed a notable toughening effect under impact loading.The improved flame retardancy originates from the combined nano-barrier effect of MSNs and the catalytic charring and radical-quenching functions of NRP.This work demonstrates an efficient strategy for stabilizing NRP and highlights its strong potential as an environmentally friendly flame retardant for EP systems.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)leaching in alkaline soils,exacerbated by excessive fertilizer application,represents a significant pathway for P loss.While soil pore structure and texture critically regulate P transport,mechanisms gove...Phosphorus(P)leaching in alkaline soils,exacerbated by excessive fertilizer application,represents a significant pathway for P loss.While soil pore structure and texture critically regulate P transport,mechanisms governing P loss in texturally diverse alkaline soils remain unclear.This study investigated P leaching dynamics and transport parameters across four alkaline soil textures(silty clay,clay loam,loam,sandy loam)using a one-dimensional convective-diffusion equation(CDE)based on column experiments.Results indicated that phosphorus leaching kinetics were predominantly governed by diffusion transport,evidenced by low Peclet numbers(P_(e))(ranged from 0.02 to 0.31)across varying textures and initial P concentrations(C_(0)).Comparative analysis of transport parameters revealed significant textural effects on dispersion coefficient(D),retardation factor(R),pore water velocity(V),P_(e),and diffusion coefficient(λ)(F>523.42,p<0.001).Among these,only D,P_(e) andλexhibited substantial differences in response to variations in C_(0)(F>89.47,p<0.001).Saturated hydraulic conductivity(K_(s))(R^(2)=62.9%,p<0.01)and total pore area(A)(R^(2)=12.4%,p<0.01)emerged as primary regulators of P leaching.Enhanced clay content increased total pore area while reducing average pore diameter,concurrently decreasing pore water velocity and saturated infiltration rates.These textural modifications amplified diffusive P transport within soil matrices.The findings provide mechanistic insights into texturedependent P mobility in alkaline environments,informing targeted strategies for agricultural phosphorus management.展开更多
Urine consists of approximately 95%water,3.5%organic matter,and 1.5%inorganic salts.Membrane distillation(MD)offers a potential approach for urine resource utilization.To some extent,it reduces the loss of nitrogen an...Urine consists of approximately 95%water,3.5%organic matter,and 1.5%inorganic salts.Membrane distillation(MD)offers a potential approach for urine resource utilization.To some extent,it reduces the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus resources.However,MD is also accompanied by problems such as high membrane cost,membrane fouling and membrane wetting.In light of these issues,this study employs polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)as the separation layer and polypropylene(PP)as the support layer to make a distillation membrane.The feasibility and efficiency of the PTFE-PP membrane in intercepting and recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from source-separated urine were investigated.Results obtained through 14 days of continuous operation demonstrated that the recovery rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 95%and 99%,respectively.The dissolved organic carbon recovery rate was 95%,and urea as well as the macromolecular organic matter in dissolved organic matter were significantly intercepted.The phosphorus content in the permeate was 0.022 mg/L,which met theⅡclass standard of China’s surface water and the basic water use standard of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.This finding reduces the pressure on sewage treatment plants.PTFE-PP distillation membrane has important potential in recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from urine and alleviating global water shortage.展开更多
The large volume expansion and rapid capacity attenuation of tin-based electrodes are the main factors limiting their commercial application.The reasonable design of electrode material structure is particularly import...The large volume expansion and rapid capacity attenuation of tin-based electrodes are the main factors limiting their commercial application.The reasonable design of electrode material structure is particularly important for improving its electrochemical performance.Herein,phosphorus-modified graphene encapsulated Sn_(6)O_(4)(OH)_(4)nanoparticles composite(P-Sn_(6)O_(4)(OH)_(4)@RGO)with crystalline-amorphous heterostructure has been successfully designed and prepared.The design of crystalline-amorphous structure has largely enhanced the active sites,and the construction of a graphene encapsulation structure has greatly alleviated volume expansion.Notably,P-Sn_(6)O_(4)(OH)_(4)@RGO obtained an excellent high-rate longterm cycling performance for lithium-ion batteries anode,reaching a high specific capacity of 970 m Ah/g at 1.0 A/g after 1450 cycles.This work demonstrates that restructuring the electrode material's structure and phase through phosphorus modification can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of tin-based electrode materials.展开更多
Understanding how different vegetation-based restoration practices alter soil chemical and microbial characteristics is crucial,as restoration practices influence phosphorus(P)transformation and fractions and modify P...Understanding how different vegetation-based restoration practices alter soil chemical and microbial characteristics is crucial,as restoration practices influence phosphorus(P)transformation and fractions and modify P adsorption behavior during the restoration process of degraded land.This study investigated the impacts of vegetation-based restoration practices on soil chemical and microbial parameters,P fractions,and patterns of P adsorption and desorption,and highlighted the combined influence on P availability.To evaluate the impact of vegetation-based restoration practices on P fractions and adsorption behavior in the semi-arid degraded land in India,this study compared three distinct tree-based restoration systems,including Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de Wit-based silviculture system(SCS),Acacia nilotica(L.)Willd.ex Delile-based silvopasture system(SPS),and Emblica officinalis Gaertn-based hortipasture system(HPS),with a natural grassland system(NGS)and a degraded fallow system(FS)as control.The soil samples across various soil depths(0-15,15-30,and 30-45 cm)were collected.The findings demonstrated that SCS,SPS,and HPS significantly improved soil organic carbon(SOC)and nutrient availability.Moreover,SCS and SPS resulted in increased microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP)content and phosphatase enzyme activity.The P fractionation analysis revealed that ferrum-associated phosphorus(Fe-P)was the major P fraction,followed by aluminum-associated phosphorus(Al-P),reflecting the dominance of ferrum(Fe)and aluminum(Al)oxides in the semi-arid degraded land.Compared with FS,vegetation-based restoration practices significantly increased various P fractions across soil depths.Additionally,P adsorption and desorption analysis indicated a lower adsorption capacity in tree-based restoration systems than in FS,with FS soils adsorbing higher P quantities in the adsorption phase but releasing less P during the desorption phase.This study revealed that degraded soils responded positively to ecological restoration in terms of P fraction and desorption behavior,influencing the resupply of P in restoration systems.Consequently,litter rich N-fixing tree-based restoration systems(i.e.,SCS and SPS)increased total phosphorus(TP)stock for plants and sustained the potential for long-term P supply in semi-arid ecosystems.With the widespread adoption of restoration practices across degraded landscapes,SCS and SPS would significantly contribute to soil restoration and improve productivity by maintaining the soil P supply in semi-arid ecosystems in India.展开更多
AIM To study the therapeutical effectiveness, dosage range and toxic adverse effects of domestic phosphorus 32 glass microsphere and evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS Ⅰ. Fifty two BALB/*!c tumor bearing mal...AIM To study the therapeutical effectiveness, dosage range and toxic adverse effects of domestic phosphorus 32 glass microsphere and evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS Ⅰ. Fifty two BALB/*!c tumor bearing male nude mice were allocated into treatment group( n =38) and control group( n =14). In the former group different doses of 32 P GMS were injected into the tumor mass, while in the latter 31 P GMS or no treatment was given. The experimental animals were sacrificed in batches, and then the tumors and their nearby tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy. Ⅱ. Through selective catheterization of hepatic artery, 32 P GMS was infused to 5 healthy domestic pigs in a dosage equivalent to the therapeutic dose for human being, and 31 P GMS was infused to another 5 healthy domestic pigs. Two pigs infused with contrast medium served as whole course blank controls. One pig from each group was surrendered to euthanasia at week 1, 4, 8 and 16 respectively. The ultrastructural histopath ological changes in liver tissues taken from different sites were evaluated semiquan titatively. Ⅲ. One hundred and twenty seven times of 32 P GMS intrahepatic artery interventional therapies were performed on 93 patients with hepatic carcinoma, including 79 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma and 14 cases of secondary hepatic carcinoma. 32 P GMS ( n =30), and group B, 32 P GMS and half dose of trans hepatic artery embolization (TAE) ( n =49) , and 18 patients with HCC by TAE only as control group C. Fourteen patients with secondary hepatic carcinoma were treated in the same way as group B or C. RESULTS Ⅰ. Comparing with the control group, the treatment group of tumor bearing nude mice attained the tumor inhibition rates of 59 7%-93 7% ( F =579 62, P <0 01) at 14*!d . At an absorbed dose of 7320Gy, the tumor cells were completely destroyed. When the absorbed doses ranged from 1830Gy to 3660Gy, most of the tumor cells showed the evidences of injury or necrosis, but there appeared some well differentiated tumor cells and enhanced effect of the autoimmunocytes. At an absorbed dose of 366Gy or less, some tumor cells still remained active proliferative ability. The definite anticancer effect appeared as early as 3d after intratumoral injection of 32 P GMS. Ⅱ. The cumulative amount of 32 P GMS in the target tissue after trans hepatic artery instillation attained more than 90% of the total dose administrated. Semiquantitative analysis of ultrastructral morphology in the experimental group showed no statistical difference between the nuclear abnormality (N abn ) and mitochondrial variability (M var ) at week 1 or 2, but revealed prominent difference (χ 2=6 70-9 68, P <0 01 , χ 2=65 09-115 09, P <0 001 ) as compared with those in the other groups. In the experimental group the N abn in tissues showed no significant difference between week 8 and week 16. No apparent changes were found in the stomach, spleen, kidney and lung tissues of the experimental pigs. Ⅲ. The therapeutical results of HCC patients in group A were closely approximated to those of group C, no hematological toxic side effects were noted, and the systemic reaction was mild. In some patients 2*!mos - 3*!mos after treatment some secondary foci appeared around the periphery of the primary lesion. In general better effectiveness was obtained in patients with small lesion. After analyzing by RIDIT method, the therapeutic result in group B was significantly better than that in group C, and secondary foci around the original lesion were rarely seen at 3*!mos after treatment. In group C the collateral circulation was reestablished along the periphery of primary foci and the secondary foci appeared more frequently, and required to undergo several courses of treatment. In group B, 4 cases of HCC were treated surgically as their mass decreased in size after 32 P GMS treatment.展开更多
The brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens(St?l),appeared as a devastating pest of rice in Asia. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of three nutrients,nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K),on BPH ...The brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens(St?l),appeared as a devastating pest of rice in Asia. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of three nutrients,nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K),on BPH and its host rice plants. Biochemical constituents of BPH and rice plants with varying nutrient levels at different growth stages,and changes in relative water content(RWC) of rice plants were determined in the laboratory. Feeding of BPH and the tolerance of rice plants to BPH with different nutrient levels were determined in the nethouse. Concentrations of N and P were found much higher in the BPH body than in its host rice plants,and this elemental mismatch is an inherent constraint on meeting nutritional requirements of BPH. Nitrogen was found as a more limiting element for BPH than other nutrients in rice plants. Application of N fertilizers to the rice plants increased the N concentrations both in rice plants and BPH while application of P and K fertilizers increased their concentrations in plant tissues only but not in BPH. Nitrogen application also increased the level of soluble proteins and decreased silicon content in rice plants,which resulted in increased feeding of BPH with sharp reduction of RWC in rice plants ultimately caused susceptible to the pest. P fertilization increased the concentration of P in rice plant tissues but not changed N,K,Si,free sugar and soluble protein contents,which indicated little importance of P to the feeding of BPH and tolerance of plant against BPH. K fertilization increased K content but reduced N,Si,free sugar and soluble protein contents in the plant tissues which resulted in the minimum reduction of RWC in rice plants after BPH feeding,thereby contributed to higher tolerance of rice plants to brown planthopper.展开更多
Coal is the vital resource of energy in China,but abandoned coal ash and gangue lead to the degradation of vegetation cover and reduce soil quality.Both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing ba...Coal is the vital resource of energy in China,but abandoned coal ash and gangue lead to the degradation of vegetation cover and reduce soil quality.Both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) play a key role in biogeochemical cycle such as soil organic matter decomposition,nutrition release,and energy flow.To improve and reclamation the soil quality and ecological efficiency of the coal mining waste,we investigated the effects of an AMF strain (Glomus mosseae) and a PSB strain (Pantoesstewarti) on phytate mineralization and subsequent transfer to the host plant (Medicago sativa L.) using a two-compartment microcosm with a central 30 mm nylon mesh barrier.The results showed that significantly higher available P (AP),above ground biomass (AGB) and underground biomass (UGB) were in combined inoculation of AMF-PSB than other treatments in root and hyphae compartment.The microbial inoculum of the AMF or PSB had a significant influence on soil acid phosphatase activities (ACP).AMF-PSB enhanced phytate mineralization,improved plant biomass.AP and ACP positively influenced the AGB and UGB.AMF-PSB could be used as bioinoculant to enhance sustainable production of the plant in abandoned solid waste of coal mine.展开更多
The plant phosphorus (P) uptake by Italian ryegrass using organic wastes such as sewage sludge, biochar, composted sewage sludge and spent wetland filters as fertilizer was investigated in pot experiments after manipu...The plant phosphorus (P) uptake by Italian ryegrass using organic wastes such as sewage sludge, biochar, composted sewage sludge and spent wetland filters as fertilizer was investigated in pot experiments after manipulating the wastes pH by mixing with other wastes giving acidification by acetic acid and compost leachate, and liming by concrete waste and lime. Pots with no fertilizer and with mineral fertilizer served as control. Available P was measured both with passive diffuse gradient thin film (DGT) samplers and by P uptake in the grass. The pH in the treated waste was about 4 in the acid treatment, and more than 11 in the high pH treatment. The pH in the pot during the grass production was adjusted to normal levels. The P uptake increased up to 56% after pH treatment of the waste. The P uptake responded both to the high and low pH treatments, probably due to the prevalence of different P species. The more extreme pH treatments gave the highest uptake. The DGT uptake gave the same broad picture in the pots fertilized with biochar but not in pots with sludge, and, also, without the separation between high and low treatments. The passive samplers correlated relatively well with the measured grass uptake. A principal component (PCA) analysis showed that the P uptake as measured by the DGT correlated with P, potassium (K) and silicon (Si) concentrations, at to a lower degrade with iron (Fe) and lead (Pb), and was uncorrelated with nickel (Ni) and cupper (Cu). In summary we can say that the pH treatment of the different organic wastes increased the plant P availability. The smallest increase was in the wetland filter that also had the lowest P total uptake. Also the lupin treatment increased the plant P uptake.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)is an essential nutrient for primary production and frequently acts as a limiting factor in estuaries.The Changjiang River Estuary,recognized as one of the largest estuaries globally,has experienced signi...Phosphorus(P)is an essential nutrient for primary production and frequently acts as a limiting factor in estuaries.The Changjiang River Estuary,recognized as one of the largest estuaries globally,has experienced significant changes in nutrient dynamics due to anthropogenic activities.The recent reduction in P loading from the Changjiang River may have significant implications for the dynamics of dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP)within this estuarine system.Based on DIP data collected in 2017,2019,and 2023,combined with historical datasets,we aim to identify the drivers of DIP concentration changes in the Changjiang Estuary under the change in river inputs.The results indicate significant spatiotemporal variations in the distribution of DIP in the Changjiang Estuary,with the highest average concentration in winter.DIP exhibits non-conservative behavior along the salinity gradient,primarily influenced by biological utilization.Long-term DIP variations can be divided into three stages:a low-concentration period(1984–1987),a significant increase(1987–2014),and a decline(since 2015),with a current decreasing trend of 0.024μmol/(L·yr)(R^(2)=0.97,P<0.05).A discernible trend of P depletion in estuarine environments is observed,attributed to diminished riverine load and enhanced phytoplankton fixation.The reduction,and in some cases depletion,of DIP in the Changjiang Estuary has significantly altered the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio.The recent changes in total phosphorus(TP)compositions in the Changjiang Estuary are also attributed to a decrease in riverine input.Ongoing terrestrial nutrient management may further lower DIP concentrations,potentially impacting the estuarine ecosystem.展开更多
The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) was applied to obtain high-resolution vertical profiles of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in sediment porewater of Lake Chaohu, a shallow eutrophication la...The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) was applied to obtain high-resolution vertical profiles of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in sediment porewater of Lake Chaohu, a shallow eutrophication lake. Three kinds of DGT probes (with three thicknesses of diffusive gel: 0.38 mm, 0.78 mm and 1.18 mm) measured vertical concentration and induced flux from solid to solution phase which had intricate variations with depth. The results indicated that higher concentrations and induced fluxes of DRP were achieved by using DGT probe with thicker diffusion layer (CDGT1.18 > CDGT0.78 > CDGT0.38) and relatively stable DRP concentration profiles using DGT probes with 0.78 mm diffusive gel were obtained in each sediment core. The DRP concentrations displayed a clear gradient from Core C1 to Core C3 in sediment porewaters due to different sources and exchange degrees of reactive phosphorus. Compared to the concentrations obtained by the centrifugation technique, the concentrations of DRP resulting from the DGT technique were higher because some dissolved reactive phosphorus compounds have always been neglected using conventional centrifugation method.展开更多
Simple cubic black phosphorus(BP)has been recognized as a strategic material due to its exceptional structural stability under extreme conditions.In this investigation,simple cubic BP was successfully synthesized thro...Simple cubic black phosphorus(BP)has been recognized as a strategic material due to its exceptional structural stability under extreme conditions.In this investigation,simple cubic BP was successfully synthesized through shock-induced phase transformation,utilizing amorphous red phosphorus as the precursor material.The phase evolution process was systematically investigated using plane shock loading apparatus,with shock pressure and temperature parameters being precisely controlled to optimize transformation kinetics.Comprehensive phase characterization revealed the correlation between thermodynamic loading profiles and cubic BP formation efficiency.Precursor modification strategies were implemented through orthorhombic BP utilization,resulting in enhanced cubic phase yield and crystallinity.The synthesized cubic BP variants are considered promising candidates for advanced protective material systems,particularly where combinations of mechanical resilience and thermal stability are required under extreme operational conditions.This research provides critical insights into shock-induced phase transformation mechanics,while establishing foundational protocols for manufacturing non-equilibrium materials with potential applications in next-generation defensive technologies.展开更多
文摘An electron-addition, under single-crystal conditions, to pentavalent phosphorus compounds as Cl-P (=O, S) Y, Z with the P-Cl bond as electron-accepting group, is selected as an additional model for SN2(P) like reactions. It is demonstrated that the geometric information stored in the tetrahedral configuration (substrate) can be transmitted in the corresponding trigonal bipyramidal (TBP) state for nucleophilic substitution. In this article, we focus on these specific mechanistic aspects of carbon and phosphorus. We consider our study as a contribution to the significance of these (bio)chemical intermediates.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Major Program of Yunnan(No.202402AG0500103)the Industrial Innovation Talent Project of Yunnan(No.XDYC-CYCX-2023007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3709100).
文摘Exogenous organic input impacts soil phosphorus transformation.Meanwhile,dissolved organic matter(DOM)is crucial for biogeochemical functions.Nevertheless,the interaction between the structural composition of DOM and phosphorus during the soil formation process of phosphogypsum(PG)remains unknown.This study explores the interaction between the structural composition of DOM and phosphorus in enhanced PG under the participation of fungal microorganisms through different application amounts of exogenous organic matter and culture time.Results show that application of exogenous organic matter led to varying degrees of increase in dissolved organic carbon(DOC)concentration and humification extent in the soil-like substrate.Additionally,the relative abundance of protein-like component C3 exhibited a trend of initial increase followed by decline over time.The contents of available phosphorus(AP),microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP),and active phosphorus pools(Active-P)in the soil-like substrate are all enhanced overall.Furthermore,a significant correlation exists between DOC and AP as well as MBP.This suggests that DOM is a crucial factor in enhancing the phosphorus availability of the soil-like substrate.The enrichment of known phosphate-solubilizing fungi in culturing favors the decomposition,activation and utilization of hard-to-mineralize phosphorus components in the soil-like substrate.These findings help understand DOM’s biogeochemical behavior and offer insights into PG utilization and the sustainable development of China’s phosphorus industry.
文摘The increasing global threat of water pollution demands advanced multilayer sensing technologies with efficacy to detect contaminants with high sensitivity and adaptability in complex aquatic environments.In this theoretical analysis,we investigated a novel multilayer surface plasmon resonance(SPR)system as an optical sensing platform to detect water pollutants and salinity concentrations.The proposed sensor comprised silver,barium borate(BBO),and black phosphorus(BP)layers on a Borokon 7(BK7)prism,which formed a tunable and highly responsive configuration under the Kretschmann geometry.It employed the transfer matrix method(TMM)and angular interrogation in the visible regime to evaluate reflectance spectra and key sensing parameters.The outcomes revealed that the sensor exhibited high sensitivity and selectivity for refractive index(RI)variations corresponding to polluted water samples,including sodium chloride(NaCl)concentrations.The system exhibited strong plasmonic coupling and interfacial interactions,yielding the maximum sensitivity(138.7°/RIU)and figure of merit(73.57 RIU^(-1))toward water samples with 4%NaCl and chemical contamination,respectively.At refractive index of 1.33 and 1.34,by varying the layers of BBO and BP,the maximum sensitivity achieved was 320°/RIU with six BBO layers and a monolayer of BP.These results demonstrated that the proposed SPR sensor configuration,which successfully differentiated between various water quality levels based on refractive index variations,had tremendous potential for next‐generation real‐time water quality monitoring.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1900300 and 2017YFD0200205)the Agricultural Key-scientific and Core-technological Project of Shaanxi Province,China(2024NYGG011)。
文摘The continuous supply of phosphorus(P)is indispensable in crop production.However,P resources are non-renewable,and environmental concerns like eutrophication associated with its loss from agroecosystems make the sustainable management of P resources essential for ensuring global food security.This study was designed to reduce mineral P inputs through management practices.A field experiment comprising a wheat-maize rotation system was conducted in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province,China from 2018-2023.The eight treatments included CK(without P),FP(conventional P application);RP(recommended P);RP80(20% reduction in RP);SRP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping);ARP80(20% reduction in RP with ammonium sulfate instead of urea);SARP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea);and SARP60(40% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea).Crop yield,P uptake,and P fertilizer use efficiency were measured during harvest and throughout the entire period of the study.At the end of the experiment,P fractions were estimated using the Tiessen-Moir P classification method.The results revealed that the grain yields of all the treatments except for RP80 were significantly increased compared to CK,with increases of 14.9-28.8%.Furthermore,agronomic efficiency,apparent P use efficiency,P recovery rate,and partial factor productivity were significantly improved for the treatments that received 20% less P with straw wrapping.Moreover,the enhancement measures significantly increased labile and moderately labile P in the soil.Therefore,straw wrapping with ammonium sulfate instead of urea is one of the most effective ways to reduce mineral P inputs while increasing the efficiency of P in wheat-maize rotation systems.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project No.2018YFB1502903).
文摘Perovskite oxides are highly promising catalysts for the combustion removal of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)due to their excellent stability,structural flexibility,and compositional versatility.This study presents a novel perovskite oxide that exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and superior durability for toluene combustion at reduced temperatures.This improvement is achieved by phosphorus doping at the B-site of LaCoO_(3-δ)(LC)perovskite oxide,followed by post-synthesis acid etching for a proper time.The resulting catalyst demonstrates increased specific surface area,higher total pore volume,and enhanced oxygen vacancy concentration both in the bulk and on the surface.Additionally,the activity of surface lattice oxygen species is significantly improved,leading to enhanced catalytic performance in toluene combustion.Notably,the optimized catalyst shows an exceptionally low activation energy(E_(a))of 49.3 kJ mol^(-1),with a T90 reduction of over 214℃compared to the phosphorus doped LC and 190℃compared to pristine LC.Phosphorus doping plays a main role in significantly improving the long-term durability,particularly in the presence of CO_(2)and H_(2)O,while acid etching boosts the catalytic activity.This work introduces a rational and innovative strategy for optimizing VOC oxidation by improving the structure and surface chemical states of perovskite catalysts.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52373208 and 61831021)the Shanghai Undergraduate Training Program on Innovation and Entrepreneurship(No.202310269131S).
文摘The intrinsic insulation and drastic volume change of the red phosphorus during the 3-electron alloying process greatly limits its widespread applications in sodium-ion batteries.Here,we report a monomicelle-directed assembly approach for controllable synthesis of monodispersed mesoporous polypyrrole(PPy)nanospheres,which allows for the shape-preserving conversion into N-doped carbon with regular mesoscopic pore and high surface area,thus affording a high dispersion of red phosphorus during melt impregnation process due to the available diffusion apertures and strong molecular chemical anchoring.Moreover,the theoretical calculations further revealed that positively polarized pyridine N atoms in N-doped mesoporous carbon nanospheres can empower comprehensive regulation of red phosphorus adsorption by strong chemical binding.Benefitting from the above advantages,the resultant red phosphorus host for sodium-ion batteries delivered an outstanding reversible capacity of 856 mAh/g with a capacity fading rate of only 0.025%per cycle during 1000 cycles at 1.0 A/g.This work provides an effective approach based on monomicelle-directed assembly engineering of carbon-based phosphorus hosts for advanced energy conversion and storage systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22175136)the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(Grant No.EIPE23127)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xtr052024009,xtr052025002).
文摘Violet phosphorus,a recently explored layered elemental semiconductor,has attracted much attention due to its unique photoelectric,mechanical properties,and high hole mobility.Herein,violet arsenic phosphorus has for the first time been synthesized by a molten lead method.The crystal structure of violet arsenic phosphorus(P^(83.4)As_(0.6),CSD-2408761)was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction to have similar structure as that of violet phosphorus,where P12 is occupied by arsenic/phosphorus(As/P)atoms as mixed occupancy sites As1/P12.The arsenic substitution has been demonstrated to tune the band structure of violet phosphorus,switching p-type of violet phosphorus to high-performance n-type violet arsenic phosphorus.The effective electron mass along the<010>direction is significantly reduced from 1.792 to 0.515 m_(0)by arsenic substitution,resulting in an extremely high electron mobility of 2622.503 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1).The field effect transistor built with P_(83.4)As_(0.6)nanosheets was measured to have a high electron mobility(137.06 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1),61.2 nm),even under ambient conditions for 5 h,much higher than the hole mobility of violet phosphorene nanosheets(4.07 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1),73.3 nm).This work provides a new idea for designing phosphorus-based materials for field effect transistors,giving significant potential in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22175167 and 22375195)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Anhui Province(No.2308085J05)This work was also partially carried out at the Instruments Center for Physical Science,University of Science and Technology of China,and partially performed using the services from Scientific Compass(www.shiyanjia.com).
文摘Nanoscale red phosphorus(NRP)was synthesized via a phosphorus-amine dissolution method and immobilized onto mesoporous silica nanospheres(MSNs)to obtain hybrid NRP@MSN particles with improved dispersion stability.Epoxy resin(EP)composites containing 2 wt%fillers were prepared to evaluate their thermal and flame-retardant behaviors.Compared with EP,the NRP@MSNs/EP composite significantly enhanced fire safety,resulting in a 52.8%reduction in the peak heat release rate,a 13.9%decrease in total smoke production,and a 165%increase in char yield.Mechanical testing revealed a notable toughening effect under impact loading.The improved flame retardancy originates from the combined nano-barrier effect of MSNs and the catalytic charring and radical-quenching functions of NRP.This work demonstrates an efficient strategy for stabilizing NRP and highlights its strong potential as an environmentally friendly flame retardant for EP systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077067,42277329)the Projects of Talents Recruitment of GDUPT(No.XJ2005000301)。
文摘Phosphorus(P)leaching in alkaline soils,exacerbated by excessive fertilizer application,represents a significant pathway for P loss.While soil pore structure and texture critically regulate P transport,mechanisms governing P loss in texturally diverse alkaline soils remain unclear.This study investigated P leaching dynamics and transport parameters across four alkaline soil textures(silty clay,clay loam,loam,sandy loam)using a one-dimensional convective-diffusion equation(CDE)based on column experiments.Results indicated that phosphorus leaching kinetics were predominantly governed by diffusion transport,evidenced by low Peclet numbers(P_(e))(ranged from 0.02 to 0.31)across varying textures and initial P concentrations(C_(0)).Comparative analysis of transport parameters revealed significant textural effects on dispersion coefficient(D),retardation factor(R),pore water velocity(V),P_(e),and diffusion coefficient(λ)(F>523.42,p<0.001).Among these,only D,P_(e) andλexhibited substantial differences in response to variations in C_(0)(F>89.47,p<0.001).Saturated hydraulic conductivity(K_(s))(R^(2)=62.9%,p<0.01)and total pore area(A)(R^(2)=12.4%,p<0.01)emerged as primary regulators of P leaching.Enhanced clay content increased total pore area while reducing average pore diameter,concurrently decreasing pore water velocity and saturated infiltration rates.These textural modifications amplified diffusive P transport within soil matrices.The findings provide mechanistic insights into texturedependent P mobility in alkaline environments,informing targeted strategies for agricultural phosphorus management.
基金supported by the Joint Research Program for Ecological Conservation and High Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin(No.2022-YRUC-01-0203).
文摘Urine consists of approximately 95%water,3.5%organic matter,and 1.5%inorganic salts.Membrane distillation(MD)offers a potential approach for urine resource utilization.To some extent,it reduces the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus resources.However,MD is also accompanied by problems such as high membrane cost,membrane fouling and membrane wetting.In light of these issues,this study employs polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)as the separation layer and polypropylene(PP)as the support layer to make a distillation membrane.The feasibility and efficiency of the PTFE-PP membrane in intercepting and recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from source-separated urine were investigated.Results obtained through 14 days of continuous operation demonstrated that the recovery rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 95%and 99%,respectively.The dissolved organic carbon recovery rate was 95%,and urea as well as the macromolecular organic matter in dissolved organic matter were significantly intercepted.The phosphorus content in the permeate was 0.022 mg/L,which met theⅡclass standard of China’s surface water and the basic water use standard of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.This finding reduces the pressure on sewage treatment plants.PTFE-PP distillation membrane has important potential in recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from urine and alleviating global water shortage.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2024QE450,ZR2024QB302 and ZR2024QB004)the Taishan Scholars and Young Experts Program of Shandong Province(No.tsqn202211249)Research Program of Qilu Institute of Technology(Nos.QIT 23TP019,QIT23TP010 and QIT24NN007)。
文摘The large volume expansion and rapid capacity attenuation of tin-based electrodes are the main factors limiting their commercial application.The reasonable design of electrode material structure is particularly important for improving its electrochemical performance.Herein,phosphorus-modified graphene encapsulated Sn_(6)O_(4)(OH)_(4)nanoparticles composite(P-Sn_(6)O_(4)(OH)_(4)@RGO)with crystalline-amorphous heterostructure has been successfully designed and prepared.The design of crystalline-amorphous structure has largely enhanced the active sites,and the construction of a graphene encapsulation structure has greatly alleviated volume expansion.Notably,P-Sn_(6)O_(4)(OH)_(4)@RGO obtained an excellent high-rate longterm cycling performance for lithium-ion batteries anode,reaching a high specific capacity of 970 m Ah/g at 1.0 A/g after 1450 cycles.This work demonstrates that restructuring the electrode material's structure and phase through phosphorus modification can effectively improve the electrochemical performance of tin-based electrode materials.
基金funded by Indian Council of Agricultural Research,Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare,India(AGRIL.EDN/1/1/2022-EXAM CELL).
文摘Understanding how different vegetation-based restoration practices alter soil chemical and microbial characteristics is crucial,as restoration practices influence phosphorus(P)transformation and fractions and modify P adsorption behavior during the restoration process of degraded land.This study investigated the impacts of vegetation-based restoration practices on soil chemical and microbial parameters,P fractions,and patterns of P adsorption and desorption,and highlighted the combined influence on P availability.To evaluate the impact of vegetation-based restoration practices on P fractions and adsorption behavior in the semi-arid degraded land in India,this study compared three distinct tree-based restoration systems,including Leucaena leucocephala(Lam.)de Wit-based silviculture system(SCS),Acacia nilotica(L.)Willd.ex Delile-based silvopasture system(SPS),and Emblica officinalis Gaertn-based hortipasture system(HPS),with a natural grassland system(NGS)and a degraded fallow system(FS)as control.The soil samples across various soil depths(0-15,15-30,and 30-45 cm)were collected.The findings demonstrated that SCS,SPS,and HPS significantly improved soil organic carbon(SOC)and nutrient availability.Moreover,SCS and SPS resulted in increased microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP)content and phosphatase enzyme activity.The P fractionation analysis revealed that ferrum-associated phosphorus(Fe-P)was the major P fraction,followed by aluminum-associated phosphorus(Al-P),reflecting the dominance of ferrum(Fe)and aluminum(Al)oxides in the semi-arid degraded land.Compared with FS,vegetation-based restoration practices significantly increased various P fractions across soil depths.Additionally,P adsorption and desorption analysis indicated a lower adsorption capacity in tree-based restoration systems than in FS,with FS soils adsorbing higher P quantities in the adsorption phase but releasing less P during the desorption phase.This study revealed that degraded soils responded positively to ecological restoration in terms of P fraction and desorption behavior,influencing the resupply of P in restoration systems.Consequently,litter rich N-fixing tree-based restoration systems(i.e.,SCS and SPS)increased total phosphorus(TP)stock for plants and sustained the potential for long-term P supply in semi-arid ecosystems.With the widespread adoption of restoration practices across degraded landscapes,SCS and SPS would significantly contribute to soil restoration and improve productivity by maintaining the soil P supply in semi-arid ecosystems in India.
基金Supparted by the Science and Technol ogy Commissian of Jiangsu Province,No.BI93077Sponsored by Project No.863 of National High-Tech Research and Devel opnent Program No.7150020200.
文摘AIM To study the therapeutical effectiveness, dosage range and toxic adverse effects of domestic phosphorus 32 glass microsphere and evaluate its clinical significance. METHODS Ⅰ. Fifty two BALB/*!c tumor bearing male nude mice were allocated into treatment group( n =38) and control group( n =14). In the former group different doses of 32 P GMS were injected into the tumor mass, while in the latter 31 P GMS or no treatment was given. The experimental animals were sacrificed in batches, and then the tumors and their nearby tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy. Ⅱ. Through selective catheterization of hepatic artery, 32 P GMS was infused to 5 healthy domestic pigs in a dosage equivalent to the therapeutic dose for human being, and 31 P GMS was infused to another 5 healthy domestic pigs. Two pigs infused with contrast medium served as whole course blank controls. One pig from each group was surrendered to euthanasia at week 1, 4, 8 and 16 respectively. The ultrastructural histopath ological changes in liver tissues taken from different sites were evaluated semiquan titatively. Ⅲ. One hundred and twenty seven times of 32 P GMS intrahepatic artery interventional therapies were performed on 93 patients with hepatic carcinoma, including 79 cases of primary hepatic carcinoma and 14 cases of secondary hepatic carcinoma. 32 P GMS ( n =30), and group B, 32 P GMS and half dose of trans hepatic artery embolization (TAE) ( n =49) , and 18 patients with HCC by TAE only as control group C. Fourteen patients with secondary hepatic carcinoma were treated in the same way as group B or C. RESULTS Ⅰ. Comparing with the control group, the treatment group of tumor bearing nude mice attained the tumor inhibition rates of 59 7%-93 7% ( F =579 62, P <0 01) at 14*!d . At an absorbed dose of 7320Gy, the tumor cells were completely destroyed. When the absorbed doses ranged from 1830Gy to 3660Gy, most of the tumor cells showed the evidences of injury or necrosis, but there appeared some well differentiated tumor cells and enhanced effect of the autoimmunocytes. At an absorbed dose of 366Gy or less, some tumor cells still remained active proliferative ability. The definite anticancer effect appeared as early as 3d after intratumoral injection of 32 P GMS. Ⅱ. The cumulative amount of 32 P GMS in the target tissue after trans hepatic artery instillation attained more than 90% of the total dose administrated. Semiquantitative analysis of ultrastructral morphology in the experimental group showed no statistical difference between the nuclear abnormality (N abn ) and mitochondrial variability (M var ) at week 1 or 2, but revealed prominent difference (χ 2=6 70-9 68, P <0 01 , χ 2=65 09-115 09, P <0 001 ) as compared with those in the other groups. In the experimental group the N abn in tissues showed no significant difference between week 8 and week 16. No apparent changes were found in the stomach, spleen, kidney and lung tissues of the experimental pigs. Ⅲ. The therapeutical results of HCC patients in group A were closely approximated to those of group C, no hematological toxic side effects were noted, and the systemic reaction was mild. In some patients 2*!mos - 3*!mos after treatment some secondary foci appeared around the periphery of the primary lesion. In general better effectiveness was obtained in patients with small lesion. After analyzing by RIDIT method, the therapeutic result in group B was significantly better than that in group C, and secondary foci around the original lesion were rarely seen at 3*!mos after treatment. In group C the collateral circulation was reestablished along the periphery of primary foci and the secondary foci appeared more frequently, and required to undergo several courses of treatment. In group B, 4 cases of HCC were treated surgically as their mass decreased in size after 32 P GMS treatment.
文摘The brown planthopper(BPH),Nilaparvata lugens(St?l),appeared as a devastating pest of rice in Asia. Experiments were conducted to study the effects of three nutrients,nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K),on BPH and its host rice plants. Biochemical constituents of BPH and rice plants with varying nutrient levels at different growth stages,and changes in relative water content(RWC) of rice plants were determined in the laboratory. Feeding of BPH and the tolerance of rice plants to BPH with different nutrient levels were determined in the nethouse. Concentrations of N and P were found much higher in the BPH body than in its host rice plants,and this elemental mismatch is an inherent constraint on meeting nutritional requirements of BPH. Nitrogen was found as a more limiting element for BPH than other nutrients in rice plants. Application of N fertilizers to the rice plants increased the N concentrations both in rice plants and BPH while application of P and K fertilizers increased their concentrations in plant tissues only but not in BPH. Nitrogen application also increased the level of soluble proteins and decreased silicon content in rice plants,which resulted in increased feeding of BPH with sharp reduction of RWC in rice plants ultimately caused susceptible to the pest. P fertilization increased the concentration of P in rice plant tissues but not changed N,K,Si,free sugar and soluble protein contents,which indicated little importance of P to the feeding of BPH and tolerance of plant against BPH. K fertilization increased K content but reduced N,Si,free sugar and soluble protein contents in the plant tissues which resulted in the minimum reduction of RWC in rice plants after BPH feeding,thereby contributed to higher tolerance of rice plants to brown planthopper.
基金We gratefully acknowledge the State Key Research Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0501106)and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project 51574253).
文摘Coal is the vital resource of energy in China,but abandoned coal ash and gangue lead to the degradation of vegetation cover and reduce soil quality.Both arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) play a key role in biogeochemical cycle such as soil organic matter decomposition,nutrition release,and energy flow.To improve and reclamation the soil quality and ecological efficiency of the coal mining waste,we investigated the effects of an AMF strain (Glomus mosseae) and a PSB strain (Pantoesstewarti) on phytate mineralization and subsequent transfer to the host plant (Medicago sativa L.) using a two-compartment microcosm with a central 30 mm nylon mesh barrier.The results showed that significantly higher available P (AP),above ground biomass (AGB) and underground biomass (UGB) were in combined inoculation of AMF-PSB than other treatments in root and hyphae compartment.The microbial inoculum of the AMF or PSB had a significant influence on soil acid phosphatase activities (ACP).AMF-PSB enhanced phytate mineralization,improved plant biomass.AP and ACP positively influenced the AGB and UGB.AMF-PSB could be used as bioinoculant to enhance sustainable production of the plant in abandoned solid waste of coal mine.
文摘The plant phosphorus (P) uptake by Italian ryegrass using organic wastes such as sewage sludge, biochar, composted sewage sludge and spent wetland filters as fertilizer was investigated in pot experiments after manipulating the wastes pH by mixing with other wastes giving acidification by acetic acid and compost leachate, and liming by concrete waste and lime. Pots with no fertilizer and with mineral fertilizer served as control. Available P was measured both with passive diffuse gradient thin film (DGT) samplers and by P uptake in the grass. The pH in the treated waste was about 4 in the acid treatment, and more than 11 in the high pH treatment. The pH in the pot during the grass production was adjusted to normal levels. The P uptake increased up to 56% after pH treatment of the waste. The P uptake responded both to the high and low pH treatments, probably due to the prevalence of different P species. The more extreme pH treatments gave the highest uptake. The DGT uptake gave the same broad picture in the pots fertilized with biochar but not in pots with sludge, and, also, without the separation between high and low treatments. The passive samplers correlated relatively well with the measured grass uptake. A principal component (PCA) analysis showed that the P uptake as measured by the DGT correlated with P, potassium (K) and silicon (Si) concentrations, at to a lower degrade with iron (Fe) and lead (Pb), and was uncorrelated with nickel (Ni) and cupper (Cu). In summary we can say that the pH treatment of the different organic wastes increased the plant P availability. The smallest increase was in the wetland filter that also had the lowest P total uptake. Also the lupin treatment increased the plant P uptake.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42176048)Qingdao Postdoctoral Applied Research Project(No.QDBSH20230102100)Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCX-ZG-202303054).
文摘Phosphorus(P)is an essential nutrient for primary production and frequently acts as a limiting factor in estuaries.The Changjiang River Estuary,recognized as one of the largest estuaries globally,has experienced significant changes in nutrient dynamics due to anthropogenic activities.The recent reduction in P loading from the Changjiang River may have significant implications for the dynamics of dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP)within this estuarine system.Based on DIP data collected in 2017,2019,and 2023,combined with historical datasets,we aim to identify the drivers of DIP concentration changes in the Changjiang Estuary under the change in river inputs.The results indicate significant spatiotemporal variations in the distribution of DIP in the Changjiang Estuary,with the highest average concentration in winter.DIP exhibits non-conservative behavior along the salinity gradient,primarily influenced by biological utilization.Long-term DIP variations can be divided into three stages:a low-concentration period(1984–1987),a significant increase(1987–2014),and a decline(since 2015),with a current decreasing trend of 0.024μmol/(L·yr)(R^(2)=0.97,P<0.05).A discernible trend of P depletion in estuarine environments is observed,attributed to diminished riverine load and enhanced phytoplankton fixation.The reduction,and in some cases depletion,of DIP in the Changjiang Estuary has significantly altered the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio.The recent changes in total phosphorus(TP)compositions in the Changjiang Estuary are also attributed to a decrease in riverine input.Ongoing terrestrial nutrient management may further lower DIP concentrations,potentially impacting the estuarine ecosystem.
文摘The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) was applied to obtain high-resolution vertical profiles of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in sediment porewater of Lake Chaohu, a shallow eutrophication lake. Three kinds of DGT probes (with three thicknesses of diffusive gel: 0.38 mm, 0.78 mm and 1.18 mm) measured vertical concentration and induced flux from solid to solution phase which had intricate variations with depth. The results indicated that higher concentrations and induced fluxes of DRP were achieved by using DGT probe with thicker diffusion layer (CDGT1.18 > CDGT0.78 > CDGT0.38) and relatively stable DRP concentration profiles using DGT probes with 0.78 mm diffusive gel were obtained in each sediment core. The DRP concentrations displayed a clear gradient from Core C1 to Core C3 in sediment porewaters due to different sources and exchange degrees of reactive phosphorus. Compared to the concentrations obtained by the centrifugation technique, the concentrations of DRP resulting from the DGT technique were higher because some dissolved reactive phosphorus compounds have always been neglected using conventional centrifugation method.
基金supported by the Youth Project of the Independent Subject of the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection,Beijing Institute of Technology(Grant Nos.QNKT25-13 and QNKT24-02)the 76th batch of Project funded by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M764116)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12002048,12072037,12102050,and 12202067)the Science and Technology Commission,China(Grant No.2019-jcjc-zd-011-00)the Project supported by the Open Funds of Kui Yuan Laboratory(Grant No.KY202431)the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection(Grant No.KFJJ25-21M)。
文摘Simple cubic black phosphorus(BP)has been recognized as a strategic material due to its exceptional structural stability under extreme conditions.In this investigation,simple cubic BP was successfully synthesized through shock-induced phase transformation,utilizing amorphous red phosphorus as the precursor material.The phase evolution process was systematically investigated using plane shock loading apparatus,with shock pressure and temperature parameters being precisely controlled to optimize transformation kinetics.Comprehensive phase characterization revealed the correlation between thermodynamic loading profiles and cubic BP formation efficiency.Precursor modification strategies were implemented through orthorhombic BP utilization,resulting in enhanced cubic phase yield and crystallinity.The synthesized cubic BP variants are considered promising candidates for advanced protective material systems,particularly where combinations of mechanical resilience and thermal stability are required under extreme operational conditions.This research provides critical insights into shock-induced phase transformation mechanics,while establishing foundational protocols for manufacturing non-equilibrium materials with potential applications in next-generation defensive technologies.
