Phosphorus(Pi)plays a crucial role in the growth and development of plants.Membrane lipid regulation is one of the main mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to Pi deficiency.Previously,the high tolerance to low-Pi s...Phosphorus(Pi)plays a crucial role in the growth and development of plants.Membrane lipid regulation is one of the main mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to Pi deficiency.Previously,the high tolerance to low-Pi stress was justified in an elite line,MSDZ 109,which was obtained from Malus mandshurica.To better understand the mechanism underlying high adaptation to low-Pi stress,currently,lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis,as well as CRISPR/Cas9 and MmGDPD1-overexpressing methodologies were comprehensively integrated into a strategy for elucidating the high tolerance to low-Pi stress.Totally,770 differential metabolites were identified from the roots between the low-Pi and stress-free,belonging to 21 sub-classes of lipid compounds.Fatty acids(FA)constituted the predominant lipid component,accounting for approximately 50%-60%of the total lipids,and triglycerides(TAG)ranked the second,comprising around 12%of the total,consecutively followed by phosphatidylcholine(PC)and diacylglycerol(DAG)with approximately 10%and 8%of the total,respectively.The synchronous transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant up-regulation of genes related to glycerophospholipid and glycerolipid metabolism,specifically those(e.g.,MmGDPD1,MmDGDG1,MmMGDG1,MmSQDG,etc.)involved in phospholipid and galactosyl synthesis in response to low-Pi stress.GUS fusing reporter assay showed that MmGDPD1 promoter induced GUS gene expression and demonstrated initiation activity.Based on expression analysis,a dual-luciferase reporter assay,as well as yeast one-hybrid(Y1H)identification,MmPHR1 was justified to bind with the MmGDPD1 promoter and positively regulate plant tolerance to low-Pi stress.To further elucidate the role of MmGDPD1,CRISPR/Cas9 and MmGDPD1-overexpressing vectors were successfully introduced into apple(‘Royal Gala')calli.Interestingly,the MmGDPD1-KO line calli exhibited the remarkable decreases in the contents of phosphodiesterase(PDE),activity,as well as the contents of total Pi,and Pi in comparison with those of the wild type.Conversely,MmGDPD1-OE ones demonstrated the significant elevation in Pi accumulations,further justifying its potential role in Pi remobilization in apple.Therefore,MmGDPD1 substantially involves elevating low-Pi tolerance via promoting Pi release in M.mandshurica.展开更多
The continuous supply of phosphorus(P)is indispensable in crop production.However,P resources are non-renewable,and environmental concerns like eutrophication associated with its loss from agroecosystems make the sust...The continuous supply of phosphorus(P)is indispensable in crop production.However,P resources are non-renewable,and environmental concerns like eutrophication associated with its loss from agroecosystems make the sustainable management of P resources essential for ensuring global food security.This study was designed to reduce mineral P inputs through management practices.A field experiment comprising a wheat-maize rotation system was conducted in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province,China from 2018-2023.The eight treatments included CK(without P),FP(conventional P application);RP(recommended P);RP80(20% reduction in RP);SRP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping);ARP80(20% reduction in RP with ammonium sulfate instead of urea);SARP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea);and SARP60(40% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea).Crop yield,P uptake,and P fertilizer use efficiency were measured during harvest and throughout the entire period of the study.At the end of the experiment,P fractions were estimated using the Tiessen-Moir P classification method.The results revealed that the grain yields of all the treatments except for RP80 were significantly increased compared to CK,with increases of 14.9-28.8%.Furthermore,agronomic efficiency,apparent P use efficiency,P recovery rate,and partial factor productivity were significantly improved for the treatments that received 20% less P with straw wrapping.Moreover,the enhancement measures significantly increased labile and moderately labile P in the soil.Therefore,straw wrapping with ammonium sulfate instead of urea is one of the most effective ways to reduce mineral P inputs while increasing the efficiency of P in wheat-maize rotation systems.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)is an essential nutrient for primary production and frequently acts as a limiting factor in estuaries.The Changjiang River Estuary,recognized as one of the largest estuaries globally,has experienced signi...Phosphorus(P)is an essential nutrient for primary production and frequently acts as a limiting factor in estuaries.The Changjiang River Estuary,recognized as one of the largest estuaries globally,has experienced significant changes in nutrient dynamics due to anthropogenic activities.The recent reduction in P loading from the Changjiang River may have significant implications for the dynamics of dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP)within this estuarine system.Based on DIP data collected in 2017,2019,and 2023,combined with historical datasets,we aim to identify the drivers of DIP concentration changes in the Changjiang Estuary under the change in river inputs.The results indicate significant spatiotemporal variations in the distribution of DIP in the Changjiang Estuary,with the highest average concentration in winter.DIP exhibits non-conservative behavior along the salinity gradient,primarily influenced by biological utilization.Long-term DIP variations can be divided into three stages:a low-concentration period(1984–1987),a significant increase(1987–2014),and a decline(since 2015),with a current decreasing trend of 0.024μmol/(L·yr)(R^(2)=0.97,P<0.05).A discernible trend of P depletion in estuarine environments is observed,attributed to diminished riverine load and enhanced phytoplankton fixation.The reduction,and in some cases depletion,of DIP in the Changjiang Estuary has significantly altered the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio.The recent changes in total phosphorus(TP)compositions in the Changjiang Estuary are also attributed to a decrease in riverine input.Ongoing terrestrial nutrient management may further lower DIP concentrations,potentially impacting the estuarine ecosystem.展开更多
Perovskite oxides are highly promising catalysts for the combustion removal of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)due to their excellent stability,structural flexibility,and compositional versatility.This study presents ...Perovskite oxides are highly promising catalysts for the combustion removal of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)due to their excellent stability,structural flexibility,and compositional versatility.This study presents a novel perovskite oxide that exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and superior durability for toluene combustion at reduced temperatures.This improvement is achieved by phosphorus doping at the B-site of LaCoO_(3-δ)(LC)perovskite oxide,followed by post-synthesis acid etching for a proper time.The resulting catalyst demonstrates increased specific surface area,higher total pore volume,and enhanced oxygen vacancy concentration both in the bulk and on the surface.Additionally,the activity of surface lattice oxygen species is significantly improved,leading to enhanced catalytic performance in toluene combustion.Notably,the optimized catalyst shows an exceptionally low activation energy(E_(a))of 49.3 kJ mol^(-1),with a T90 reduction of over 214℃compared to the phosphorus doped LC and 190℃compared to pristine LC.Phosphorus doping plays a main role in significantly improving the long-term durability,particularly in the presence of CO_(2)and H_(2)O,while acid etching boosts the catalytic activity.This work introduces a rational and innovative strategy for optimizing VOC oxidation by improving the structure and surface chemical states of perovskite catalysts.展开更多
Exogenous organic input impacts soil phosphorus transformation.Meanwhile,dissolved organic matter(DOM)is crucial for biogeochemical functions.Nevertheless,the interaction between the structural composition of DOM and ...Exogenous organic input impacts soil phosphorus transformation.Meanwhile,dissolved organic matter(DOM)is crucial for biogeochemical functions.Nevertheless,the interaction between the structural composition of DOM and phosphorus during the soil formation process of phosphogypsum(PG)remains unknown.This study explores the interaction between the structural composition of DOM and phosphorus in enhanced PG under the participation of fungal microorganisms through different application amounts of exogenous organic matter and culture time.Results show that application of exogenous organic matter led to varying degrees of increase in dissolved organic carbon(DOC)concentration and humification extent in the soil-like substrate.Additionally,the relative abundance of protein-like component C3 exhibited a trend of initial increase followed by decline over time.The contents of available phosphorus(AP),microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP),and active phosphorus pools(Active-P)in the soil-like substrate are all enhanced overall.Furthermore,a significant correlation exists between DOC and AP as well as MBP.This suggests that DOM is a crucial factor in enhancing the phosphorus availability of the soil-like substrate.The enrichment of known phosphate-solubilizing fungi in culturing favors the decomposition,activation and utilization of hard-to-mineralize phosphorus components in the soil-like substrate.These findings help understand DOM’s biogeochemical behavior and offer insights into PG utilization and the sustainable development of China’s phosphorus industry.展开更多
The intrinsic insulation and drastic volume change of the red phosphorus during the 3-electron alloying process greatly limits its widespread applications in sodium-ion batteries.Here,we report a monomicelle-directed ...The intrinsic insulation and drastic volume change of the red phosphorus during the 3-electron alloying process greatly limits its widespread applications in sodium-ion batteries.Here,we report a monomicelle-directed assembly approach for controllable synthesis of monodispersed mesoporous polypyrrole(PPy)nanospheres,which allows for the shape-preserving conversion into N-doped carbon with regular mesoscopic pore and high surface area,thus affording a high dispersion of red phosphorus during melt impregnation process due to the available diffusion apertures and strong molecular chemical anchoring.Moreover,the theoretical calculations further revealed that positively polarized pyridine N atoms in N-doped mesoporous carbon nanospheres can empower comprehensive regulation of red phosphorus adsorption by strong chemical binding.Benefitting from the above advantages,the resultant red phosphorus host for sodium-ion batteries delivered an outstanding reversible capacity of 856 mAh/g with a capacity fading rate of only 0.025%per cycle during 1000 cycles at 1.0 A/g.This work provides an effective approach based on monomicelle-directed assembly engineering of carbon-based phosphorus hosts for advanced energy conversion and storage systems.展开更多
Violet phosphorus,a recently explored layered elemental semiconductor,has attracted much attention due to its unique photoelectric,mechanical properties,and high hole mobility.Herein,violet arsenic phosphorus has for ...Violet phosphorus,a recently explored layered elemental semiconductor,has attracted much attention due to its unique photoelectric,mechanical properties,and high hole mobility.Herein,violet arsenic phosphorus has for the first time been synthesized by a molten lead method.The crystal structure of violet arsenic phosphorus(P^(83.4)As_(0.6),CSD-2408761)was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction to have similar structure as that of violet phosphorus,where P12 is occupied by arsenic/phosphorus(As/P)atoms as mixed occupancy sites As1/P12.The arsenic substitution has been demonstrated to tune the band structure of violet phosphorus,switching p-type of violet phosphorus to high-performance n-type violet arsenic phosphorus.The effective electron mass along the<010>direction is significantly reduced from 1.792 to 0.515 m_(0)by arsenic substitution,resulting in an extremely high electron mobility of 2622.503 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1).The field effect transistor built with P_(83.4)As_(0.6)nanosheets was measured to have a high electron mobility(137.06 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1),61.2 nm),even under ambient conditions for 5 h,much higher than the hole mobility of violet phosphorene nanosheets(4.07 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1),73.3 nm).This work provides a new idea for designing phosphorus-based materials for field effect transistors,giving significant potential in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor applications.展开更多
Nanoscale red phosphorus(NRP)was synthesized via a phosphorus-amine dissolution method and immobilized onto mesoporous silica nanospheres(MSNs)to obtain hybrid NRP@MSN particles with improved dispersion stability.Epox...Nanoscale red phosphorus(NRP)was synthesized via a phosphorus-amine dissolution method and immobilized onto mesoporous silica nanospheres(MSNs)to obtain hybrid NRP@MSN particles with improved dispersion stability.Epoxy resin(EP)composites containing 2 wt%fillers were prepared to evaluate their thermal and flame-retardant behaviors.Compared with EP,the NRP@MSNs/EP composite significantly enhanced fire safety,resulting in a 52.8%reduction in the peak heat release rate,a 13.9%decrease in total smoke production,and a 165%increase in char yield.Mechanical testing revealed a notable toughening effect under impact loading.The improved flame retardancy originates from the combined nano-barrier effect of MSNs and the catalytic charring and radical-quenching functions of NRP.This work demonstrates an efficient strategy for stabilizing NRP and highlights its strong potential as an environmentally friendly flame retardant for EP systems.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)leaching in alkaline soils,exacerbated by excessive fertilizer application,represents a significant pathway for P loss.While soil pore structure and texture critically regulate P transport,mechanisms gove...Phosphorus(P)leaching in alkaline soils,exacerbated by excessive fertilizer application,represents a significant pathway for P loss.While soil pore structure and texture critically regulate P transport,mechanisms governing P loss in texturally diverse alkaline soils remain unclear.This study investigated P leaching dynamics and transport parameters across four alkaline soil textures(silty clay,clay loam,loam,sandy loam)using a one-dimensional convective-diffusion equation(CDE)based on column experiments.Results indicated that phosphorus leaching kinetics were predominantly governed by diffusion transport,evidenced by low Peclet numbers(P_(e))(ranged from 0.02 to 0.31)across varying textures and initial P concentrations(C_(0)).Comparative analysis of transport parameters revealed significant textural effects on dispersion coefficient(D),retardation factor(R),pore water velocity(V),P_(e),and diffusion coefficient(λ)(F>523.42,p<0.001).Among these,only D,P_(e) andλexhibited substantial differences in response to variations in C_(0)(F>89.47,p<0.001).Saturated hydraulic conductivity(K_(s))(R^(2)=62.9%,p<0.01)and total pore area(A)(R^(2)=12.4%,p<0.01)emerged as primary regulators of P leaching.Enhanced clay content increased total pore area while reducing average pore diameter,concurrently decreasing pore water velocity and saturated infiltration rates.These textural modifications amplified diffusive P transport within soil matrices.The findings provide mechanistic insights into texturedependent P mobility in alkaline environments,informing targeted strategies for agricultural phosphorus management.展开更多
Urine consists of approximately 95%water,3.5%organic matter,and 1.5%inorganic salts.Membrane distillation(MD)offers a potential approach for urine resource utilization.To some extent,it reduces the loss of nitrogen an...Urine consists of approximately 95%water,3.5%organic matter,and 1.5%inorganic salts.Membrane distillation(MD)offers a potential approach for urine resource utilization.To some extent,it reduces the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus resources.However,MD is also accompanied by problems such as high membrane cost,membrane fouling and membrane wetting.In light of these issues,this study employs polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)as the separation layer and polypropylene(PP)as the support layer to make a distillation membrane.The feasibility and efficiency of the PTFE-PP membrane in intercepting and recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from source-separated urine were investigated.Results obtained through 14 days of continuous operation demonstrated that the recovery rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 95%and 99%,respectively.The dissolved organic carbon recovery rate was 95%,and urea as well as the macromolecular organic matter in dissolved organic matter were significantly intercepted.The phosphorus content in the permeate was 0.022 mg/L,which met theⅡclass standard of China’s surface water and the basic water use standard of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.This finding reduces the pressure on sewage treatment plants.PTFE-PP distillation membrane has important potential in recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from urine and alleviating global water shortage.展开更多
A thorny problem in the miscible Ti/Fe system is the unavoidable formation of numerous brittle intermetallic compounds(IMCs).Adding H62 interlayer is an essential method to reduce the brittle IMCs or decrease the brit...A thorny problem in the miscible Ti/Fe system is the unavoidable formation of numerous brittle intermetallic compounds(IMCs).Adding H62 interlayer is an essential method to reduce the brittle IMCs or decrease the brittleness.A joint with good formability and tensile properties was obtained.The microstructure and element distribution of the joint were observed by metallographic microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis.The shear resistance exhibited an initial increase,followed by a subsequent decrease,with an increase in heat input.It reached a maximum value of 2470 N at a welding energy of 267 kJ/m.The Fe-Ti brittle IMCs in TC4/DP780 joints are replaced by Fe-Cu phase and Cu-Ti phase,which reduces the brittleness at TC4/DP780 interface.The results show that the TC4/DP780 joint forms numerousα-Cu andγ-Fe solid solutions through the mutual diffusion and solid solution between H62 and TC4 layers of metals,which effectively inhibits the diffusion of Ti atoms and reduces the formation of brittle Ti-Fe IMCs.At the H62/TC4 interface,a composite layer composed of Cu-Ti IMCs and Cu-based solid solutions is formed.The composite layer grows dendritically from the TC4 alloy to the H62 interlayer.The microstructure at the TC4/DP780 interface changes from fine dendrites to coarse dendrites with the increase in Ti content and heat input.When the heat input is lower,the interfacial elements do not react sufficiently.When the heat input is excessive,microcracks appear at the TC4/DP780 interface,which limits the improvement of mechanical properties of TC4/DP780 joint.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Guidance Foundation for Local Science and Technology Development of China(Grant No.2023-009)the Department of Science and Technology of Guizhou Province(Grant No.qiankehezhicheng-[2020]1Y025)。
文摘Phosphorus(Pi)plays a crucial role in the growth and development of plants.Membrane lipid regulation is one of the main mechanisms underlying plant adaptation to Pi deficiency.Previously,the high tolerance to low-Pi stress was justified in an elite line,MSDZ 109,which was obtained from Malus mandshurica.To better understand the mechanism underlying high adaptation to low-Pi stress,currently,lipidomic and transcriptomic analysis,as well as CRISPR/Cas9 and MmGDPD1-overexpressing methodologies were comprehensively integrated into a strategy for elucidating the high tolerance to low-Pi stress.Totally,770 differential metabolites were identified from the roots between the low-Pi and stress-free,belonging to 21 sub-classes of lipid compounds.Fatty acids(FA)constituted the predominant lipid component,accounting for approximately 50%-60%of the total lipids,and triglycerides(TAG)ranked the second,comprising around 12%of the total,consecutively followed by phosphatidylcholine(PC)and diacylglycerol(DAG)with approximately 10%and 8%of the total,respectively.The synchronous transcriptomic analysis revealed a significant up-regulation of genes related to glycerophospholipid and glycerolipid metabolism,specifically those(e.g.,MmGDPD1,MmDGDG1,MmMGDG1,MmSQDG,etc.)involved in phospholipid and galactosyl synthesis in response to low-Pi stress.GUS fusing reporter assay showed that MmGDPD1 promoter induced GUS gene expression and demonstrated initiation activity.Based on expression analysis,a dual-luciferase reporter assay,as well as yeast one-hybrid(Y1H)identification,MmPHR1 was justified to bind with the MmGDPD1 promoter and positively regulate plant tolerance to low-Pi stress.To further elucidate the role of MmGDPD1,CRISPR/Cas9 and MmGDPD1-overexpressing vectors were successfully introduced into apple(‘Royal Gala')calli.Interestingly,the MmGDPD1-KO line calli exhibited the remarkable decreases in the contents of phosphodiesterase(PDE),activity,as well as the contents of total Pi,and Pi in comparison with those of the wild type.Conversely,MmGDPD1-OE ones demonstrated the significant elevation in Pi accumulations,further justifying its potential role in Pi remobilization in apple.Therefore,MmGDPD1 substantially involves elevating low-Pi tolerance via promoting Pi release in M.mandshurica.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1900300 and 2017YFD0200205)the Agricultural Key-scientific and Core-technological Project of Shaanxi Province,China(2024NYGG011)。
文摘The continuous supply of phosphorus(P)is indispensable in crop production.However,P resources are non-renewable,and environmental concerns like eutrophication associated with its loss from agroecosystems make the sustainable management of P resources essential for ensuring global food security.This study was designed to reduce mineral P inputs through management practices.A field experiment comprising a wheat-maize rotation system was conducted in the Guanzhong Plain of Shaanxi Province,China from 2018-2023.The eight treatments included CK(without P),FP(conventional P application);RP(recommended P);RP80(20% reduction in RP);SRP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping);ARP80(20% reduction in RP with ammonium sulfate instead of urea);SARP80(20% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea);and SARP60(40% reduction in RP with straw wrapping and ammonium sulfate instead of urea).Crop yield,P uptake,and P fertilizer use efficiency were measured during harvest and throughout the entire period of the study.At the end of the experiment,P fractions were estimated using the Tiessen-Moir P classification method.The results revealed that the grain yields of all the treatments except for RP80 were significantly increased compared to CK,with increases of 14.9-28.8%.Furthermore,agronomic efficiency,apparent P use efficiency,P recovery rate,and partial factor productivity were significantly improved for the treatments that received 20% less P with straw wrapping.Moreover,the enhancement measures significantly increased labile and moderately labile P in the soil.Therefore,straw wrapping with ammonium sulfate instead of urea is one of the most effective ways to reduce mineral P inputs while increasing the efficiency of P in wheat-maize rotation systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42176048)Qingdao Postdoctoral Applied Research Project(No.QDBSH20230102100)Shandong Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.SDCX-ZG-202303054).
文摘Phosphorus(P)is an essential nutrient for primary production and frequently acts as a limiting factor in estuaries.The Changjiang River Estuary,recognized as one of the largest estuaries globally,has experienced significant changes in nutrient dynamics due to anthropogenic activities.The recent reduction in P loading from the Changjiang River may have significant implications for the dynamics of dissolved inorganic phosphorus(DIP)within this estuarine system.Based on DIP data collected in 2017,2019,and 2023,combined with historical datasets,we aim to identify the drivers of DIP concentration changes in the Changjiang Estuary under the change in river inputs.The results indicate significant spatiotemporal variations in the distribution of DIP in the Changjiang Estuary,with the highest average concentration in winter.DIP exhibits non-conservative behavior along the salinity gradient,primarily influenced by biological utilization.Long-term DIP variations can be divided into three stages:a low-concentration period(1984–1987),a significant increase(1987–2014),and a decline(since 2015),with a current decreasing trend of 0.024μmol/(L·yr)(R^(2)=0.97,P<0.05).A discernible trend of P depletion in estuarine environments is observed,attributed to diminished riverine load and enhanced phytoplankton fixation.The reduction,and in some cases depletion,of DIP in the Changjiang Estuary has significantly altered the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio.The recent changes in total phosphorus(TP)compositions in the Changjiang Estuary are also attributed to a decrease in riverine input.Ongoing terrestrial nutrient management may further lower DIP concentrations,potentially impacting the estuarine ecosystem.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Project No.2018YFB1502903).
文摘Perovskite oxides are highly promising catalysts for the combustion removal of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)due to their excellent stability,structural flexibility,and compositional versatility.This study presents a novel perovskite oxide that exhibits enhanced catalytic activity and superior durability for toluene combustion at reduced temperatures.This improvement is achieved by phosphorus doping at the B-site of LaCoO_(3-δ)(LC)perovskite oxide,followed by post-synthesis acid etching for a proper time.The resulting catalyst demonstrates increased specific surface area,higher total pore volume,and enhanced oxygen vacancy concentration both in the bulk and on the surface.Additionally,the activity of surface lattice oxygen species is significantly improved,leading to enhanced catalytic performance in toluene combustion.Notably,the optimized catalyst shows an exceptionally low activation energy(E_(a))of 49.3 kJ mol^(-1),with a T90 reduction of over 214℃compared to the phosphorus doped LC and 190℃compared to pristine LC.Phosphorus doping plays a main role in significantly improving the long-term durability,particularly in the presence of CO_(2)and H_(2)O,while acid etching boosts the catalytic activity.This work introduces a rational and innovative strategy for optimizing VOC oxidation by improving the structure and surface chemical states of perovskite catalysts.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Major Program of Yunnan(No.202402AG0500103)the Industrial Innovation Talent Project of Yunnan(No.XDYC-CYCX-2023007)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3709100).
文摘Exogenous organic input impacts soil phosphorus transformation.Meanwhile,dissolved organic matter(DOM)is crucial for biogeochemical functions.Nevertheless,the interaction between the structural composition of DOM and phosphorus during the soil formation process of phosphogypsum(PG)remains unknown.This study explores the interaction between the structural composition of DOM and phosphorus in enhanced PG under the participation of fungal microorganisms through different application amounts of exogenous organic matter and culture time.Results show that application of exogenous organic matter led to varying degrees of increase in dissolved organic carbon(DOC)concentration and humification extent in the soil-like substrate.Additionally,the relative abundance of protein-like component C3 exhibited a trend of initial increase followed by decline over time.The contents of available phosphorus(AP),microbial biomass phosphorus(MBP),and active phosphorus pools(Active-P)in the soil-like substrate are all enhanced overall.Furthermore,a significant correlation exists between DOC and AP as well as MBP.This suggests that DOM is a crucial factor in enhancing the phosphorus availability of the soil-like substrate.The enrichment of known phosphate-solubilizing fungi in culturing favors the decomposition,activation and utilization of hard-to-mineralize phosphorus components in the soil-like substrate.These findings help understand DOM’s biogeochemical behavior and offer insights into PG utilization and the sustainable development of China’s phosphorus industry.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52373208 and 61831021)the Shanghai Undergraduate Training Program on Innovation and Entrepreneurship(No.202310269131S).
文摘The intrinsic insulation and drastic volume change of the red phosphorus during the 3-electron alloying process greatly limits its widespread applications in sodium-ion batteries.Here,we report a monomicelle-directed assembly approach for controllable synthesis of monodispersed mesoporous polypyrrole(PPy)nanospheres,which allows for the shape-preserving conversion into N-doped carbon with regular mesoscopic pore and high surface area,thus affording a high dispersion of red phosphorus during melt impregnation process due to the available diffusion apertures and strong molecular chemical anchoring.Moreover,the theoretical calculations further revealed that positively polarized pyridine N atoms in N-doped mesoporous carbon nanospheres can empower comprehensive regulation of red phosphorus adsorption by strong chemical binding.Benefitting from the above advantages,the resultant red phosphorus host for sodium-ion batteries delivered an outstanding reversible capacity of 856 mAh/g with a capacity fading rate of only 0.025%per cycle during 1000 cycles at 1.0 A/g.This work provides an effective approach based on monomicelle-directed assembly engineering of carbon-based phosphorus hosts for advanced energy conversion and storage systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22175136)the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(Grant No.EIPE23127)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(xtr052024009,xtr052025002).
文摘Violet phosphorus,a recently explored layered elemental semiconductor,has attracted much attention due to its unique photoelectric,mechanical properties,and high hole mobility.Herein,violet arsenic phosphorus has for the first time been synthesized by a molten lead method.The crystal structure of violet arsenic phosphorus(P^(83.4)As_(0.6),CSD-2408761)was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction to have similar structure as that of violet phosphorus,where P12 is occupied by arsenic/phosphorus(As/P)atoms as mixed occupancy sites As1/P12.The arsenic substitution has been demonstrated to tune the band structure of violet phosphorus,switching p-type of violet phosphorus to high-performance n-type violet arsenic phosphorus.The effective electron mass along the<010>direction is significantly reduced from 1.792 to 0.515 m_(0)by arsenic substitution,resulting in an extremely high electron mobility of 2622.503 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1).The field effect transistor built with P_(83.4)As_(0.6)nanosheets was measured to have a high electron mobility(137.06 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1),61.2 nm),even under ambient conditions for 5 h,much higher than the hole mobility of violet phosphorene nanosheets(4.07 cm^(2)V^(-1)s^(-1),73.3 nm).This work provides a new idea for designing phosphorus-based materials for field effect transistors,giving significant potential in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor applications.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22175167 and 22375195)the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Anhui Province(No.2308085J05)This work was also partially carried out at the Instruments Center for Physical Science,University of Science and Technology of China,and partially performed using the services from Scientific Compass(www.shiyanjia.com).
文摘Nanoscale red phosphorus(NRP)was synthesized via a phosphorus-amine dissolution method and immobilized onto mesoporous silica nanospheres(MSNs)to obtain hybrid NRP@MSN particles with improved dispersion stability.Epoxy resin(EP)composites containing 2 wt%fillers were prepared to evaluate their thermal and flame-retardant behaviors.Compared with EP,the NRP@MSNs/EP composite significantly enhanced fire safety,resulting in a 52.8%reduction in the peak heat release rate,a 13.9%decrease in total smoke production,and a 165%increase in char yield.Mechanical testing revealed a notable toughening effect under impact loading.The improved flame retardancy originates from the combined nano-barrier effect of MSNs and the catalytic charring and radical-quenching functions of NRP.This work demonstrates an efficient strategy for stabilizing NRP and highlights its strong potential as an environmentally friendly flame retardant for EP systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077067,42277329)the Projects of Talents Recruitment of GDUPT(No.XJ2005000301)。
文摘Phosphorus(P)leaching in alkaline soils,exacerbated by excessive fertilizer application,represents a significant pathway for P loss.While soil pore structure and texture critically regulate P transport,mechanisms governing P loss in texturally diverse alkaline soils remain unclear.This study investigated P leaching dynamics and transport parameters across four alkaline soil textures(silty clay,clay loam,loam,sandy loam)using a one-dimensional convective-diffusion equation(CDE)based on column experiments.Results indicated that phosphorus leaching kinetics were predominantly governed by diffusion transport,evidenced by low Peclet numbers(P_(e))(ranged from 0.02 to 0.31)across varying textures and initial P concentrations(C_(0)).Comparative analysis of transport parameters revealed significant textural effects on dispersion coefficient(D),retardation factor(R),pore water velocity(V),P_(e),and diffusion coefficient(λ)(F>523.42,p<0.001).Among these,only D,P_(e) andλexhibited substantial differences in response to variations in C_(0)(F>89.47,p<0.001).Saturated hydraulic conductivity(K_(s))(R^(2)=62.9%,p<0.01)and total pore area(A)(R^(2)=12.4%,p<0.01)emerged as primary regulators of P leaching.Enhanced clay content increased total pore area while reducing average pore diameter,concurrently decreasing pore water velocity and saturated infiltration rates.These textural modifications amplified diffusive P transport within soil matrices.The findings provide mechanistic insights into texturedependent P mobility in alkaline environments,informing targeted strategies for agricultural phosphorus management.
基金supported by the Joint Research Program for Ecological Conservation and High Quality Development of the Yellow River Basin(No.2022-YRUC-01-0203).
文摘Urine consists of approximately 95%water,3.5%organic matter,and 1.5%inorganic salts.Membrane distillation(MD)offers a potential approach for urine resource utilization.To some extent,it reduces the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus resources.However,MD is also accompanied by problems such as high membrane cost,membrane fouling and membrane wetting.In light of these issues,this study employs polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)as the separation layer and polypropylene(PP)as the support layer to make a distillation membrane.The feasibility and efficiency of the PTFE-PP membrane in intercepting and recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from source-separated urine were investigated.Results obtained through 14 days of continuous operation demonstrated that the recovery rates of nitrogen and phosphorus were 95%and 99%,respectively.The dissolved organic carbon recovery rate was 95%,and urea as well as the macromolecular organic matter in dissolved organic matter were significantly intercepted.The phosphorus content in the permeate was 0.022 mg/L,which met theⅡclass standard of China’s surface water and the basic water use standard of the United States Environmental Protection Agency.This finding reduces the pressure on sewage treatment plants.PTFE-PP distillation membrane has important potential in recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from urine and alleviating global water shortage.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52001141 and 52475360).
文摘A thorny problem in the miscible Ti/Fe system is the unavoidable formation of numerous brittle intermetallic compounds(IMCs).Adding H62 interlayer is an essential method to reduce the brittle IMCs or decrease the brittleness.A joint with good formability and tensile properties was obtained.The microstructure and element distribution of the joint were observed by metallographic microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis.The shear resistance exhibited an initial increase,followed by a subsequent decrease,with an increase in heat input.It reached a maximum value of 2470 N at a welding energy of 267 kJ/m.The Fe-Ti brittle IMCs in TC4/DP780 joints are replaced by Fe-Cu phase and Cu-Ti phase,which reduces the brittleness at TC4/DP780 interface.The results show that the TC4/DP780 joint forms numerousα-Cu andγ-Fe solid solutions through the mutual diffusion and solid solution between H62 and TC4 layers of metals,which effectively inhibits the diffusion of Ti atoms and reduces the formation of brittle Ti-Fe IMCs.At the H62/TC4 interface,a composite layer composed of Cu-Ti IMCs and Cu-based solid solutions is formed.The composite layer grows dendritically from the TC4 alloy to the H62 interlayer.The microstructure at the TC4/DP780 interface changes from fine dendrites to coarse dendrites with the increase in Ti content and heat input.When the heat input is lower,the interfacial elements do not react sufficiently.When the heat input is excessive,microcracks appear at the TC4/DP780 interface,which limits the improvement of mechanical properties of TC4/DP780 joint.
