BACKGROUND There is a need to synthesize the different patterns of fever treatment and phobias in Nigeria and to document these behavioral issues among caregivers.Although,fever is commonly seen in children and this m...BACKGROUND There is a need to synthesize the different patterns of fever treatment and phobias in Nigeria and to document these behavioral issues among caregivers.Although,fever is commonly seen in children and this make the mothers to seek medical care when all effort of theirs have failed.Yet,this behavioral and anxiety disorders among mothers still persists several years after the word“Fever phobia”was coined.AIM To document the knowledge of fever among Nigerian mothers and to determine heterogeneity in these practices across the nation.METHODS A search of articles on fever phobias among mothers or caregivers in Nigeria was performed via the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,PubMed,Google Scholar,and MEDLINE.Articles published between 2008,and 2023 were included in the study.The keywords used in the literature search included fever,phobias,perceptions,mothers,caregivers,perceptions,drugs,knowledge,and practices.Boolean operators were also used in the search for items,such as“fever AND phobia”,“fever AND perception”,“fever AND mothers”,“fevers AND/OR phobia”,“AND OR mothers/caregivers”,to help narrow parameters in the search engine and enhance reproducibility.Studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were presented via the PRISMA model.I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity.RESULTS The studies show wide variation in the reported levels of knowledge about fever,with proportions ranging from as low as 35%to as high as 94%.The pooled proportion estimate using the common effect model is 65%(95%CI:64%-67%),assuming that all studies reflect a single underlying value.However,the random effects model,which accounts for differences among studies,yields a higher estimate of 70%(95%CI:56%-82%).This divergence reflects significant heterogeneity in the data,with a Tau^(2)of 0.7007,I²of 95.7%,and,an H statistic of 4.80,all indicating that most of the variability is due to actual differences among studies rather than random chance.The Q test further confirms this,with a P value less than 0.0001,reinforcing that the variability across studies is statistically significant.The subgroup analysis revealed that studies in Group A(six studies)reported a pooled knowledge proportion of 75%,with a confidence interval ranging from 56%to 88%,and relatively lower heterogeneity(Tau^(2)=0.5709,Tau=0.7556),indicating greater consistency in their findings.In contrast,Group B(four studies)had a lower pooled estimate of 62%,but with a much wider confidence interval(27%to 88%)and greater heterogeneity(Tau^(2)=0.8380,Tau=0.9154),suggesting greater variation across studies in that group.Fear of brain damage,convulsions,witches/wizards,and death was high in many of the studies.Herbal concoctions,and prayers were the mostly used measures to cure fever by mothers.CONCLUSION Mothers’knowledge of fever detection in children is low.There was heterogeneity in the sample size of the studies,which may have affected the knowledge of fever.展开更多
Objectives:To explore the relationship between college students’self-esteem(SE)and their social phobia(SP),as well as the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation(FNE)and the moderating effect of perfectionism.M...Objectives:To explore the relationship between college students’self-esteem(SE)and their social phobia(SP),as well as the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation(FNE)and the moderating effect of perfectionism.Methods:A convenience sampling survey was carried out for 1020 college students from Shandong Province of China,utilizing measures of college students’self-esteem,fear of negative evaluation,perfectionism,and social phobia.Data analysis was performed using the SPSS PROCESS macro.Results:(1)college students’self-esteem significantly and negatively predicts their social phobia(β=−0.31,t=−10.10,p<0.001);(2)fear of negative evaluation partially mediates the relation between self-esteem and social phobia among college students,with the mediating effect accounting for 48.97%of the total effect(TE);(3)the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation is moderated by perfectionism(β=0.18,t=7.75,p<0.001),where higher levels of perfectionism strengthen the mediating effect of fear of negative evaluation.Conclusions:Perfectionism moderates the mediating effect that fear of negative evaluation plays,establishing a moderated mediating model.展开更多
A significant association exists between lower urinary tract symptoms and anxiety. Despite the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapies in treating a variety of phobic disorders, there are few published reports about ...A significant association exists between lower urinary tract symptoms and anxiety. Despite the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapies in treating a variety of phobic disorders, there are few published reports about the use of such treatments for urinary problems. We report a case of the phobia of urinary incontinence treated with cognitive behavioral techniques, which involved cognitive restructuring, distraction, relaxation training, and exposure to feared situations.展开更多
Background: Social phobia disrupts students in their academic career. The aim of this research work was to study this anxious disorder impact on the academic performance among students from the University of Parakou (...Background: Social phobia disrupts students in their academic career. The aim of this research work was to study this anxious disorder impact on the academic performance among students from the University of Parakou (UP). Study methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection among 363 students recruited through systematic random sampling from April to June 2015 at the campus of the UP. A questionnaire including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Liebowitz social anxiety intensity evaluation scale and the ASSIST was used for data collection in compliance with recommended ethical principles. Results and Conclusion Social phobia prevalence among students from the campus of University of Parakou was 11. 6% [CI<sub>95%</sub> = 10. 9 - 21. 2]. Its intensity was moderate (66.7%), medium (23.4%), severe (7.1%) and very severe (4.8%) only among female students. Moreover, gender, rural or urban living environment and field of study were statistically associated with this social phobia which reduced academic performance by 57.1%, among the studied population. However, 42.9% were not influenced in any way. Addiction to alcoholic beverages (23.8%) and anxiolytics (9.5%) were used to overcome the disorder. Although the risk of dependency to these substances was low, adverse effects on their health and socio-professional future were to be taken seriously.展开更多
Technology plays an important role in people’s daily life, for they depend on it to perform many tasks. Among the prominent technologies are smartphones and Virtual Reality (VR). Developing mobile apps and integratin...Technology plays an important role in people’s daily life, for they depend on it to perform many tasks. Among the prominent technologies are smartphones and Virtual Reality (VR). Developing mobile apps and integrating VR technology allow users to experience an artificial environment as if it is real such as the simulation of phobias. This research paper proposes a mobile application named Face-Your-Fear (FyF) integrating VR to help any user to live a cybernetic experience, overcome the illness, know about phobia symptoms, and get extra information on two types of phobia: aquaphobia and achluophobia. Its architecture, features, development, interfaces and limitations are presented, including the main results of the qualitative survey to users.展开更多
This case is a complex presentation of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), social phobia and unresolved grief in a 23 year old male with no social support. He appears to have benefitted immensely from a combination of Cog...This case is a complex presentation of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), social phobia and unresolved grief in a 23 year old male with no social support. He appears to have benefitted immensely from a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), antidepressant medication and Occupational Therapy. Identification of patients with BDD presenting in surgical and medical practices is essential and can be facilitated by validated screening tools such as the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ). At the moment, the best evidence-based treatment is CBT and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Nonetheless, novel approaches to therapeutic applications include the investigation of eye-tracking focus on body parts in BDD.展开更多
英语中有个单词 phobia,意思是“恐惧症,恐怖症”,可以用于a phobia of water(恐水症),a phobia of poison(恐毒症)等搭配。 phobia 也可以用作组合形式,构成各种名词,表示“恐惧、憎恶”的意思。例如,a phobia of water可以写成 hydrop...英语中有个单词 phobia,意思是“恐惧症,恐怖症”,可以用于a phobia of water(恐水症),a phobia of poison(恐毒症)等搭配。 phobia 也可以用作组合形式,构成各种名词,表示“恐惧、憎恶”的意思。例如,a phobia of water可以写成 hydrophobia(恐水症)。人们可能对各种自然现象产生恐惧,例如。展开更多
英语后缀-phobia来自希腊文phobos,是"恐惧;憎恶"的意思。在Mrs. Byrne S Dic-tionary中,以-phobia为后缀的词竟多达130多个。这里列举一些有趣的以-phobia为后缀的词。对狗的恐惧叫cynophobia(恐狗症)。cyno-来自拉丁文canis...英语后缀-phobia来自希腊文phobos,是"恐惧;憎恶"的意思。在Mrs. Byrne S Dic-tionary中,以-phobia为后缀的词竟多达130多个。这里列举一些有趣的以-phobia为后缀的词。对狗的恐惧叫cynophobia(恐狗症)。cyno-来自拉丁文canis(狗)。对蛇的恐惧叫ophidiophobia(恐蛇症)。希腊文中ophis指蛇。"蛇学"叫ophiology。展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND There is a need to synthesize the different patterns of fever treatment and phobias in Nigeria and to document these behavioral issues among caregivers.Although,fever is commonly seen in children and this make the mothers to seek medical care when all effort of theirs have failed.Yet,this behavioral and anxiety disorders among mothers still persists several years after the word“Fever phobia”was coined.AIM To document the knowledge of fever among Nigerian mothers and to determine heterogeneity in these practices across the nation.METHODS A search of articles on fever phobias among mothers or caregivers in Nigeria was performed via the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews,PubMed,Google Scholar,and MEDLINE.Articles published between 2008,and 2023 were included in the study.The keywords used in the literature search included fever,phobias,perceptions,mothers,caregivers,perceptions,drugs,knowledge,and practices.Boolean operators were also used in the search for items,such as“fever AND phobia”,“fever AND perception”,“fever AND mothers”,“fevers AND/OR phobia”,“AND OR mothers/caregivers”,to help narrow parameters in the search engine and enhance reproducibility.Studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were presented via the PRISMA model.I2 statistics were used to assess heterogeneity.RESULTS The studies show wide variation in the reported levels of knowledge about fever,with proportions ranging from as low as 35%to as high as 94%.The pooled proportion estimate using the common effect model is 65%(95%CI:64%-67%),assuming that all studies reflect a single underlying value.However,the random effects model,which accounts for differences among studies,yields a higher estimate of 70%(95%CI:56%-82%).This divergence reflects significant heterogeneity in the data,with a Tau^(2)of 0.7007,I²of 95.7%,and,an H statistic of 4.80,all indicating that most of the variability is due to actual differences among studies rather than random chance.The Q test further confirms this,with a P value less than 0.0001,reinforcing that the variability across studies is statistically significant.The subgroup analysis revealed that studies in Group A(six studies)reported a pooled knowledge proportion of 75%,with a confidence interval ranging from 56%to 88%,and relatively lower heterogeneity(Tau^(2)=0.5709,Tau=0.7556),indicating greater consistency in their findings.In contrast,Group B(four studies)had a lower pooled estimate of 62%,but with a much wider confidence interval(27%to 88%)and greater heterogeneity(Tau^(2)=0.8380,Tau=0.9154),suggesting greater variation across studies in that group.Fear of brain damage,convulsions,witches/wizards,and death was high in many of the studies.Herbal concoctions,and prayers were the mostly used measures to cure fever by mothers.CONCLUSION Mothers’knowledge of fever detection in children is low.There was heterogeneity in the sample size of the studies,which may have affected the knowledge of fever.
基金the Key Special Project of the Shandong Provincial Federation of Social Sciences on Humanities and Social Sciences“Risk Assessment and Prevention Mechanisms of‘Social Phobias’Phenomenon among College Students from the Perspective of Healthy China”(No.2023-zkzd-030)Special Task Project of Humanities and Social Science Research of the Ministry of Education in 2023(Research on University Counselors)(No.23JDSZ3080).
文摘Objectives:To explore the relationship between college students’self-esteem(SE)and their social phobia(SP),as well as the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation(FNE)and the moderating effect of perfectionism.Methods:A convenience sampling survey was carried out for 1020 college students from Shandong Province of China,utilizing measures of college students’self-esteem,fear of negative evaluation,perfectionism,and social phobia.Data analysis was performed using the SPSS PROCESS macro.Results:(1)college students’self-esteem significantly and negatively predicts their social phobia(β=−0.31,t=−10.10,p<0.001);(2)fear of negative evaluation partially mediates the relation between self-esteem and social phobia among college students,with the mediating effect accounting for 48.97%of the total effect(TE);(3)the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation is moderated by perfectionism(β=0.18,t=7.75,p<0.001),where higher levels of perfectionism strengthen the mediating effect of fear of negative evaluation.Conclusions:Perfectionism moderates the mediating effect that fear of negative evaluation plays,establishing a moderated mediating model.
文摘A significant association exists between lower urinary tract symptoms and anxiety. Despite the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapies in treating a variety of phobic disorders, there are few published reports about the use of such treatments for urinary problems. We report a case of the phobia of urinary incontinence treated with cognitive behavioral techniques, which involved cognitive restructuring, distraction, relaxation training, and exposure to feared situations.
文摘Background: Social phobia disrupts students in their academic career. The aim of this research work was to study this anxious disorder impact on the academic performance among students from the University of Parakou (UP). Study methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection among 363 students recruited through systematic random sampling from April to June 2015 at the campus of the UP. A questionnaire including the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), the Liebowitz social anxiety intensity evaluation scale and the ASSIST was used for data collection in compliance with recommended ethical principles. Results and Conclusion Social phobia prevalence among students from the campus of University of Parakou was 11. 6% [CI<sub>95%</sub> = 10. 9 - 21. 2]. Its intensity was moderate (66.7%), medium (23.4%), severe (7.1%) and very severe (4.8%) only among female students. Moreover, gender, rural or urban living environment and field of study were statistically associated with this social phobia which reduced academic performance by 57.1%, among the studied population. However, 42.9% were not influenced in any way. Addiction to alcoholic beverages (23.8%) and anxiolytics (9.5%) were used to overcome the disorder. Although the risk of dependency to these substances was low, adverse effects on their health and socio-professional future were to be taken seriously.
文摘Technology plays an important role in people’s daily life, for they depend on it to perform many tasks. Among the prominent technologies are smartphones and Virtual Reality (VR). Developing mobile apps and integrating VR technology allow users to experience an artificial environment as if it is real such as the simulation of phobias. This research paper proposes a mobile application named Face-Your-Fear (FyF) integrating VR to help any user to live a cybernetic experience, overcome the illness, know about phobia symptoms, and get extra information on two types of phobia: aquaphobia and achluophobia. Its architecture, features, development, interfaces and limitations are presented, including the main results of the qualitative survey to users.
文摘This case is a complex presentation of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD), social phobia and unresolved grief in a 23 year old male with no social support. He appears to have benefitted immensely from a combination of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), antidepressant medication and Occupational Therapy. Identification of patients with BDD presenting in surgical and medical practices is essential and can be facilitated by validated screening tools such as the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ). At the moment, the best evidence-based treatment is CBT and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Nonetheless, novel approaches to therapeutic applications include the investigation of eye-tracking focus on body parts in BDD.
文摘英语中有个单词 phobia,意思是“恐惧症,恐怖症”,可以用于a phobia of water(恐水症),a phobia of poison(恐毒症)等搭配。 phobia 也可以用作组合形式,构成各种名词,表示“恐惧、憎恶”的意思。例如,a phobia of water可以写成 hydrophobia(恐水症)。人们可能对各种自然现象产生恐惧,例如。
文摘英语后缀-phobia来自希腊文phobos,是"恐惧;憎恶"的意思。在Mrs. Byrne S Dic-tionary中,以-phobia为后缀的词竟多达130多个。这里列举一些有趣的以-phobia为后缀的词。对狗的恐惧叫cynophobia(恐狗症)。cyno-来自拉丁文canis(狗)。对蛇的恐惧叫ophidiophobia(恐蛇症)。希腊文中ophis指蛇。"蛇学"叫ophiology。
