A caricature exhibition on Chinese philosopher Laozi was held in Cairo on July 8, helping promote Chinese culture in Egypt and boost mutual cultural exchanges. The exhibition displayed more than 30 works by 40 artists...A caricature exhibition on Chinese philosopher Laozi was held in Cairo on July 8, helping promote Chinese culture in Egypt and boost mutual cultural exchanges. The exhibition displayed more than 30 works by 40 artists from 18 countries including China, Egypt, Spain, and Brazil. These paintings reflect the admiration and love of people from arround the world for Laozi’s philosophy.展开更多
Compared to the dubbing, the version of subtitling has many defects, including the faults purely in language translation and the inaccuracy in the cultural images. As a media of cultural communication, the translator ...Compared to the dubbing, the version of subtitling has many defects, including the faults purely in language translation and the inaccuracy in the cultural images. As a media of cultural communication, the translator of the subtitling has to pay enough attention to the art of language, and has to take strategies centering on the audience, promoting the cultural communication and reducing the cultural differences.展开更多
Jesse B.Semple,the protagonist in Langston Hughes’s Simple stories is replete with humor.A close examination of the characterization of Simple,some common humorous features can be found.One essential humorous techniq...Jesse B.Semple,the protagonist in Langston Hughes’s Simple stories is replete with humor.A close examination of the characterization of Simple,some common humorous features can be found.One essential humorous technique is cracker-barrel philosophy.Focusing on several stories in Simple Speaks His Mind,this paper analyzes Hughes’s humorous characterization of Simple as a cracker-barrel philosopher.展开更多
Background:This essay mainly explores the theoretical roots of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practice in the Han Dynasty.It places individual small lives in the big life of heaven,earth and the universe and looks a...Background:This essay mainly explores the theoretical roots of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practice in the Han Dynasty.It places individual small lives in the big life of heaven,earth and the universe and looks at life’s occurrence,development and death from a broader cosmology perspective,and thus provide the“Great Harmony between Heaven and Human”in the Huangdi Neijing(Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor)of the Han Dynasty.Methods:This paper mainly uses the analysis method of literature review and philosophical concepts.It uses the image-number logic thinking method of I Ching to compare images with analogy and the holistic thinking method of the three-talent view of heaven,earth,and man to understand life.Results:It is mainly reflected in three aspects:(1)One Yin and one Yang are called Tao((1)Yin Yang as the coherent fabric of nature and mind,exhibited in all existence,(2)Yin Yang as Jiao(interaction)between the waxing and waning of the cosmic and human realms,and(3)Yin Yang as a process of harmonization ensuring a constant,dynamic balance of all things);(2)The way of life in the Book of Changes;and(3)The Unity of the Way of Heaven and the Way of TCM.Conclusion:The main medical thought laid the theoretical foundation of early practice and the development model of life cognition.It is still worthy of continuous exploration,development,and innovation in contemporary philosophy and life sciences.展开更多
Faust,as a classic image in Western literature and philosophy,has been endowed with profound philosophical connotations in Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s epic reconstruction.This article starts from Faust’s dual ident...Faust,as a classic image in Western literature and philosophy,has been endowed with profound philosophical connotations in Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s epic reconstruction.This article starts from Faust’s dual identity as a“seeker”and a“paradoxical person”,revealing the dialectical unity of his philosophical meaning:In the dynamic process of“infinite pursuit”and“self denial”,Faust not only embodies humanity’s eternal questioning of the essence of existence,but also reflects the struggle and transcendence of human spirit in the dilemma of modernity.Through in-depth analysis of the five stages of Faust’s soul conflict and his contractual relationship with the devil,this article clarifies that Faust is not only a spiritual symbol of the Renaissance to the Age of Enlightenment,but also a mirror of modern society under the guidance of technological rationality.展开更多
“civil discourse”amongst multiple individuals with diverse viewpoints is necessary to move toward truth,to maintain democratic buoyancy,and to get the most accurate read on how best to move forward toward our collec...“civil discourse”amongst multiple individuals with diverse viewpoints is necessary to move toward truth,to maintain democratic buoyancy,and to get the most accurate read on how best to move forward toward our collective good,civil discourse is nonetheless under catastrophic threat by contemporary forces that include the sloppy use of the term“hate speech”;the“libelling by labeling”(aka“cancelling”)in the public square of social media;technologically powered disinformation campaigns;and the growth of“safetyism”in academia.In light of these threats,the goal must be to convince educators,particularly philosophical educators,of the need to adopt a whole new focus in education,namely one that puts a spotlight on the fact that the utilization of the freedom of speech to destroy the freedom of speech of others utterly undermines the positive value of freedom of speech.In order to motivate individuals to turn their back on the dopamine rush of shutting someone down,educators must also spend a great deal of time showcasing the merits of“civil discourse”by providing young people with extensive experience in engaging in facilitated“civil discourse”(aka Communities of Philosophical Inquiry)so that its value can be woven into a personal commitment.展开更多
ropic 1:Regarding sustainable development and global public interests,what should international Al standards focus on?James Ong:Since 2019,I have witnessed the evolution of WAIC and found that a consensus on the philo...ropic 1:Regarding sustainable development and global public interests,what should international Al standards focus on?James Ong:Since 2019,I have witnessed the evolution of WAIC and found that a consensus on the philosophical and ethic level on advocating“AI for humanity”is necessary,since ethics factor carries more weight in standards development.I want to emphasize three points:AI assisting sustainable development,AI empowering a balanced global development,and human-AI coordination for preventing AI risks.展开更多
The article presents an original concept of a universal philosophical language capable of transcending the boundaries between individual sciences and serving as a foundation for transdisciplinary thinking.This approac...The article presents an original concept of a universal philosophical language capable of transcending the boundaries between individual sciences and serving as a foundation for transdisciplinary thinking.This approach,developed by the author since the 1980s,is based on particular and general comparative concepts-concepts of practical mind and categories of pure mind.Therefore,the key element of the concept is the category of"particular and general",which fundamentally differs from the traditional category of"part and whole".This allows for the description of both structural and functional aspects of complex systems not only at the interdisciplinary but also at the transdisciplinary level.The primary categories of thought-Identity,Difference,Correlated,Opposite,and others-are regarded as universal notions that connect levels of reality and ensure the integration of individual sciences.Unlike contemporary transdisciplinary concepts based on Basarab Nicolescu's logic of the included middle and Edgar Morin's dialogics,the author's theory is built on the ultimate general Hegelian notion of"concrete identity"and its differentiation into a multitude of"concrete differences"-comparative concepts.As a result,a unique philosophical language has been developed,presented within the framework of the Philosophical Matrix as a system of categories of pure mind capable of describing the dynamics and wholeness of complex processes at the transdisciplinary level.The article is intended for researchers interested in the philosophical foundations of transdisciplinarity,the theory of complexity,and the development of universal categories of thought.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to analyze risks of transgenic technology. [Method] Discussions on risks of transgenic technologies were conducted from perspective of philosophy. [Result] Mechanistic philosophy and reductioni...[Objective] The aim was to analyze risks of transgenic technology. [Method] Discussions on risks of transgenic technologies were conducted from perspective of philosophy. [Result] Mechanistic philosophy and reductionism are causes of reflection on risks of transgenic technology. Considering transgene is an artificial choice taking place of natural choice, it is inevitable for risks of transgenic technology to be found. In addition, social system constitutes the root for out-of-control of transgenic technology, hence, mechanism risk is the primary cause of transgenic risks. [Conclusion] It is inescapable for science view to be changed from arbitrary and lopsided to reflective and comprehensive and for technology view to be changed from exterminative and genesic to protective and symbiotic.展开更多
The impacts of coronavirus to our planet <span>are</span><span "=""><span> unprecedented;</span><i><span>i.e.</span></i><span>, </span>&...The impacts of coronavirus to our planet <span>are</span><span "=""><span> unprecedented;</span><i><span>i.e.</span></i><span>, </span></span><span>they are</span><span> going to eliminate the entire mankind. Driven by such horrible situation, some philosophical viewpoints have naturally happened. Whether the “World End” must come? If yes, when? During this waiting period, the best way to do science is via the Internet Institute, such as “Gordon Life Science Institute”, and the results thus achieved will be most rewarding.</span>展开更多
The“prisoner’s dilemma”illustrates that everyone is rationally thinking about maximizing their own interests and taking their own best strategies,but the end result is counterproductive.In Prisoner’s Dilemma Richa...The“prisoner’s dilemma”illustrates that everyone is rationally thinking about maximizing their own interests and taking their own best strategies,but the end result is counterproductive.In Prisoner’s Dilemma Richard Powers describes multiformareas of dilemma;to lose balance;to make choices;and ask each other:what to do next?It is a master trope for relaying the permanent impasse or dilemma of cooperation versus defection.In most cases,the prisoner's dilemma is more about the number of defeats in the game,and even a major loss of society.Individual rationality is likely to be a collective disregard,and if everyone is acting on the principle of self-interest,it is often the result that everyone is lost.Powers expresses his philosophical insight:Until a cooperative instead of antagonistic solution is collectively agreed upon,we still remain imprisoned in an interminable and oppressive struggle and conflict decided by self-interest and rational control,which is also a moral response to historical consciousness of postmodernism.展开更多
Bob Hale is a philosopher,who has been devoting himself to modality and metaphysics.His research as British Academy Reader was mainly in the philosophy of mathematics.With and during long collaboration with Crispin Wr...Bob Hale is a philosopher,who has been devoting himself to modality and metaphysics.His research as British Academy Reader was mainly in the philosophy of mathematics.With and during long collaboration with Crispin Wright,he developed and defended a position of neo-Fregeanism,according to which mathematical knowledge can be grounded on logic and definitions of fundamental notions.Neo-Fregeanism has been arousing philosophers'serious thought and discussion since 1980s and still inspires philosophers nowadays in the field of philosophy of mathematics,philosophy of language and philosophy of mind.展开更多
Although excluded from the standard account of the history of philosophy, Catharine Trotter Cockbum （1679-1749）avoided the 17th-century bias against female intellectual skills and was an active contributor to the ea...Although excluded from the standard account of the history of philosophy, Catharine Trotter Cockbum （1679-1749）avoided the 17th-century bias against female intellectual skills and was an active contributor to the early modemphilosophical discourse. In her Defence of Mr Locke＇s Essay （1702）, she defended Locke from several criticisms byThomas Burnet （1635-1715）. By analysing three of Bumet＇s main arguments, such as the theory of naturalconscience, his anti-voluntarism, and his belief in the immateriality of the soul, Trotter showed that he oftenmisinterpreted John Locke＇s principles, especially those concerning his moral epistemology.展开更多
This paper presents the keys and reasons for Diogenes Laërtius’ alleged scepticism, based on an analysis of thegeneral design of his work The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers. I believe that it would b...This paper presents the keys and reasons for Diogenes Laërtius’ alleged scepticism, based on an analysis of thegeneral design of his work The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers. I believe that it would be manifestlyerroneous to seek confirmation of this scepticism solely in Book IX without taking into account the overallstructure of the work. A convincing explanation is also provided of one of the most enigmatic and most studiedphrases in this work. What did Diogenes mean when he said that Apollonides of Nicaea was ὁ παρ’ ἡμῶν (“one ofus”)?展开更多
Which is the true religion？ In the Middle Ages, the parable of the three rings, in all its versions, is a subtle answer to this question, which uses a persuasive allegory. The allegory of the three rings refers to a ...Which is the true religion？ In the Middle Ages, the parable of the three rings, in all its versions, is a subtle answer to this question, which uses a persuasive allegory. The allegory of the three rings refers to a previous allegory, represented by three gems, one real and two fakes. The religion of the philosophers was born from the hidden meaning of the same allegory： universalism, brotherhood of men as children of the one and only God, the transcendence of a single God that cannot be reduced to any particular representation, and love for one＇s neighbors. The three sons who receive the inheritance of the ring, given by their father, are all loved by him and all three receive a gem that could be the real one. The similarity of the position of the three sons is equivalent to the moral element shared by the three religions： All those who believe in God and his justice put into practice the fundamental teachings of the philosophers. The meaning of the allegory is evident： None of the three sons can claim with certainty the possession of the real ring, but precisely because of this their faith can remain clear, removed from the temptation of pursuing someone because of that person＇s religion.展开更多
The theory of four elements(or roots)was the first plural attempt to explain life and change and was based on the combination of four different roots that give rise to life and matter.The four elements(fire,air,water ...The theory of four elements(or roots)was the first plural attempt to explain life and change and was based on the combination of four different roots that give rise to life and matter.The four elements(fire,air,water and earth)were thought to be the building blocks of all substances.This theory was derived from observation and reason and it might be viewed as a material or substancialist theory.Its development brought important concepts such as equilibrium,proportion and combination to chemistry and medicine.The aim of the present paper is to describe the theory of four elements,its origin and development from Empedocles and Aristotle to Roulle and Beeckman.Although the conception of the chemical elementsin modern chemistry is different from the theory of four elements,that theory was valuable as an intellectual effort to understand nature and transmutation and to conciliate reason and senses,besides being the first theory postulating the pluralism of matter’s composition,in opposition to monism.I argue that chemistry has a past and it is important to know the theory of the four elements for its historical value because it can be considered an introductory chapter of chemistry,introducing the concepts of indestructible elements and the proportional combination of them in Western thought.展开更多
As one of the best-known literary works of the American novelist Ursula K.Le Guin,The Left Hand of Darkness is not only successful in its splendid plots and beautiful language but also in the important function of its...As one of the best-known literary works of the American novelist Ursula K.Le Guin,The Left Hand of Darkness is not only successful in its splendid plots and beautiful language but also in the important function of its readers in reading.In the thesis,one of its themes,coexistence of opposites,is analyzed in the reader response perspective in order to reveal Le Guin's reader-consciousness.The theme exists on a higher level in the novel and expresses Le Guin's attitude towards life and universe.Le Guin unified her own philosophy in the novel and tried to call for the reader's resonance.展开更多
文摘A caricature exhibition on Chinese philosopher Laozi was held in Cairo on July 8, helping promote Chinese culture in Egypt and boost mutual cultural exchanges. The exhibition displayed more than 30 works by 40 artists from 18 countries including China, Egypt, Spain, and Brazil. These paintings reflect the admiration and love of people from arround the world for Laozi’s philosophy.
文摘Compared to the dubbing, the version of subtitling has many defects, including the faults purely in language translation and the inaccuracy in the cultural images. As a media of cultural communication, the translator of the subtitling has to pay enough attention to the art of language, and has to take strategies centering on the audience, promoting the cultural communication and reducing the cultural differences.
文摘Jesse B.Semple,the protagonist in Langston Hughes’s Simple stories is replete with humor.A close examination of the characterization of Simple,some common humorous features can be found.One essential humorous technique is cracker-barrel philosophy.Focusing on several stories in Simple Speaks His Mind,this paper analyzes Hughes’s humorous characterization of Simple as a cracker-barrel philosopher.
基金The National Social Science Foundation Project“Research on Chinese Life Wisdom from the Perspective of Creative Transformation and Innovative Development”(22ZDA082).
文摘Background:This essay mainly explores the theoretical roots of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)practice in the Han Dynasty.It places individual small lives in the big life of heaven,earth and the universe and looks at life’s occurrence,development and death from a broader cosmology perspective,and thus provide the“Great Harmony between Heaven and Human”in the Huangdi Neijing(Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor)of the Han Dynasty.Methods:This paper mainly uses the analysis method of literature review and philosophical concepts.It uses the image-number logic thinking method of I Ching to compare images with analogy and the holistic thinking method of the three-talent view of heaven,earth,and man to understand life.Results:It is mainly reflected in three aspects:(1)One Yin and one Yang are called Tao((1)Yin Yang as the coherent fabric of nature and mind,exhibited in all existence,(2)Yin Yang as Jiao(interaction)between the waxing and waning of the cosmic and human realms,and(3)Yin Yang as a process of harmonization ensuring a constant,dynamic balance of all things);(2)The way of life in the Book of Changes;and(3)The Unity of the Way of Heaven and the Way of TCM.Conclusion:The main medical thought laid the theoretical foundation of early practice and the development model of life cognition.It is still worthy of continuous exploration,development,and innovation in contemporary philosophy and life sciences.
文摘Faust,as a classic image in Western literature and philosophy,has been endowed with profound philosophical connotations in Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s epic reconstruction.This article starts from Faust’s dual identity as a“seeker”and a“paradoxical person”,revealing the dialectical unity of his philosophical meaning:In the dynamic process of“infinite pursuit”and“self denial”,Faust not only embodies humanity’s eternal questioning of the essence of existence,but also reflects the struggle and transcendence of human spirit in the dilemma of modernity.Through in-depth analysis of the five stages of Faust’s soul conflict and his contractual relationship with the devil,this article clarifies that Faust is not only a spiritual symbol of the Renaissance to the Age of Enlightenment,but also a mirror of modern society under the guidance of technological rationality.
文摘“civil discourse”amongst multiple individuals with diverse viewpoints is necessary to move toward truth,to maintain democratic buoyancy,and to get the most accurate read on how best to move forward toward our collective good,civil discourse is nonetheless under catastrophic threat by contemporary forces that include the sloppy use of the term“hate speech”;the“libelling by labeling”(aka“cancelling”)in the public square of social media;technologically powered disinformation campaigns;and the growth of“safetyism”in academia.In light of these threats,the goal must be to convince educators,particularly philosophical educators,of the need to adopt a whole new focus in education,namely one that puts a spotlight on the fact that the utilization of the freedom of speech to destroy the freedom of speech of others utterly undermines the positive value of freedom of speech.In order to motivate individuals to turn their back on the dopamine rush of shutting someone down,educators must also spend a great deal of time showcasing the merits of“civil discourse”by providing young people with extensive experience in engaging in facilitated“civil discourse”(aka Communities of Philosophical Inquiry)so that its value can be woven into a personal commitment.
文摘ropic 1:Regarding sustainable development and global public interests,what should international Al standards focus on?James Ong:Since 2019,I have witnessed the evolution of WAIC and found that a consensus on the philosophical and ethic level on advocating“AI for humanity”is necessary,since ethics factor carries more weight in standards development.I want to emphasize three points:AI assisting sustainable development,AI empowering a balanced global development,and human-AI coordination for preventing AI risks.
文摘The article presents an original concept of a universal philosophical language capable of transcending the boundaries between individual sciences and serving as a foundation for transdisciplinary thinking.This approach,developed by the author since the 1980s,is based on particular and general comparative concepts-concepts of practical mind and categories of pure mind.Therefore,the key element of the concept is the category of"particular and general",which fundamentally differs from the traditional category of"part and whole".This allows for the description of both structural and functional aspects of complex systems not only at the interdisciplinary but also at the transdisciplinary level.The primary categories of thought-Identity,Difference,Correlated,Opposite,and others-are regarded as universal notions that connect levels of reality and ensure the integration of individual sciences.Unlike contemporary transdisciplinary concepts based on Basarab Nicolescu's logic of the included middle and Edgar Morin's dialogics,the author's theory is built on the ultimate general Hegelian notion of"concrete identity"and its differentiation into a multitude of"concrete differences"-comparative concepts.As a result,a unique philosophical language has been developed,presented within the framework of the Philosophical Matrix as a system of categories of pure mind capable of describing the dynamics and wholeness of complex processes at the transdisciplinary level.The article is intended for researchers interested in the philosophical foundations of transdisciplinarity,the theory of complexity,and the development of universal categories of thought.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to analyze risks of transgenic technology. [Method] Discussions on risks of transgenic technologies were conducted from perspective of philosophy. [Result] Mechanistic philosophy and reductionism are causes of reflection on risks of transgenic technology. Considering transgene is an artificial choice taking place of natural choice, it is inevitable for risks of transgenic technology to be found. In addition, social system constitutes the root for out-of-control of transgenic technology, hence, mechanism risk is the primary cause of transgenic risks. [Conclusion] It is inescapable for science view to be changed from arbitrary and lopsided to reflective and comprehensive and for technology view to be changed from exterminative and genesic to protective and symbiotic.
文摘The impacts of coronavirus to our planet <span>are</span><span "=""><span> unprecedented;</span><i><span>i.e.</span></i><span>, </span></span><span>they are</span><span> going to eliminate the entire mankind. Driven by such horrible situation, some philosophical viewpoints have naturally happened. Whether the “World End” must come? If yes, when? During this waiting period, the best way to do science is via the Internet Institute, such as “Gordon Life Science Institute”, and the results thus achieved will be most rewarding.</span>
文摘The“prisoner’s dilemma”illustrates that everyone is rationally thinking about maximizing their own interests and taking their own best strategies,but the end result is counterproductive.In Prisoner’s Dilemma Richard Powers describes multiformareas of dilemma;to lose balance;to make choices;and ask each other:what to do next?It is a master trope for relaying the permanent impasse or dilemma of cooperation versus defection.In most cases,the prisoner's dilemma is more about the number of defeats in the game,and even a major loss of society.Individual rationality is likely to be a collective disregard,and if everyone is acting on the principle of self-interest,it is often the result that everyone is lost.Powers expresses his philosophical insight:Until a cooperative instead of antagonistic solution is collectively agreed upon,we still remain imprisoned in an interminable and oppressive struggle and conflict decided by self-interest and rational control,which is also a moral response to historical consciousness of postmodernism.
文摘Bob Hale is a philosopher,who has been devoting himself to modality and metaphysics.His research as British Academy Reader was mainly in the philosophy of mathematics.With and during long collaboration with Crispin Wright,he developed and defended a position of neo-Fregeanism,according to which mathematical knowledge can be grounded on logic and definitions of fundamental notions.Neo-Fregeanism has been arousing philosophers'serious thought and discussion since 1980s and still inspires philosophers nowadays in the field of philosophy of mathematics,philosophy of language and philosophy of mind.
文摘Although excluded from the standard account of the history of philosophy, Catharine Trotter Cockbum （1679-1749）avoided the 17th-century bias against female intellectual skills and was an active contributor to the early modemphilosophical discourse. In her Defence of Mr Locke＇s Essay （1702）, she defended Locke from several criticisms byThomas Burnet （1635-1715）. By analysing three of Bumet＇s main arguments, such as the theory of naturalconscience, his anti-voluntarism, and his belief in the immateriality of the soul, Trotter showed that he oftenmisinterpreted John Locke＇s principles, especially those concerning his moral epistemology.
基金Article is a deliverable of the Research Project I+D+i FFI2016-32989 on skepticism financed by the Ministry of Economics and Competitivity.
文摘This paper presents the keys and reasons for Diogenes Laërtius’ alleged scepticism, based on an analysis of thegeneral design of his work The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers. I believe that it would be manifestlyerroneous to seek confirmation of this scepticism solely in Book IX without taking into account the overallstructure of the work. A convincing explanation is also provided of one of the most enigmatic and most studiedphrases in this work. What did Diogenes mean when he said that Apollonides of Nicaea was ὁ παρ’ ἡμῶν (“one ofus”)?
文摘Which is the true religion？ In the Middle Ages, the parable of the three rings, in all its versions, is a subtle answer to this question, which uses a persuasive allegory. The allegory of the three rings refers to a previous allegory, represented by three gems, one real and two fakes. The religion of the philosophers was born from the hidden meaning of the same allegory： universalism, brotherhood of men as children of the one and only God, the transcendence of a single God that cannot be reduced to any particular representation, and love for one＇s neighbors. The three sons who receive the inheritance of the ring, given by their father, are all loved by him and all three receive a gem that could be the real one. The similarity of the position of the three sons is equivalent to the moral element shared by the three religions： All those who believe in God and his justice put into practice the fundamental teachings of the philosophers. The meaning of the allegory is evident： None of the three sons can claim with certainty the possession of the real ring, but precisely because of this their faith can remain clear, removed from the temptation of pursuing someone because of that person＇s religion.
文摘The theory of four elements(or roots)was the first plural attempt to explain life and change and was based on the combination of four different roots that give rise to life and matter.The four elements(fire,air,water and earth)were thought to be the building blocks of all substances.This theory was derived from observation and reason and it might be viewed as a material or substancialist theory.Its development brought important concepts such as equilibrium,proportion and combination to chemistry and medicine.The aim of the present paper is to describe the theory of four elements,its origin and development from Empedocles and Aristotle to Roulle and Beeckman.Although the conception of the chemical elementsin modern chemistry is different from the theory of four elements,that theory was valuable as an intellectual effort to understand nature and transmutation and to conciliate reason and senses,besides being the first theory postulating the pluralism of matter’s composition,in opposition to monism.I argue that chemistry has a past and it is important to know the theory of the four elements for its historical value because it can be considered an introductory chapter of chemistry,introducing the concepts of indestructible elements and the proportional combination of them in Western thought.
文摘As one of the best-known literary works of the American novelist Ursula K.Le Guin,The Left Hand of Darkness is not only successful in its splendid plots and beautiful language but also in the important function of its readers in reading.In the thesis,one of its themes,coexistence of opposites,is analyzed in the reader response perspective in order to reveal Le Guin's reader-consciousness.The theme exists on a higher level in the novel and expresses Le Guin's attitude towards life and universe.Le Guin unified her own philosophy in the novel and tried to call for the reader's resonance.
