The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled p...The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled phased array antenna system is a necessary trend for the future development of the phased array,and it is also a major focus and difficulty in the current research of integrated microwave photonics.This paper firstly introduces the basic principle and development history of optical true time delay phased array antenna system based on microwave photonics,and briefly introduces the main implementation methods and integration platform of optical true time delay.Then,the application and development prospect of optical true time delay technology in beam control of phased array antenna system are mainly presented.Finally,according to the current research progress,the possible research directions of integrated optically controlled phased array antenna systems in the future are proposed.展开更多
In this paper,three magnetrons with each of them having specifically designed multiple coupling ports,which deliver specific power distribution for developing a magnetron array based on efficient phase locking between...In this paper,three magnetrons with each of them having specifically designed multiple coupling ports,which deliver specific power distribution for developing a magnetron array based on efficient phase locking between them,are proposed to produce high powerμs-level pulses.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the magnetron with one and two coupling ports as a unit for efficient phase locking,we designed experimentally the coupling ports delivering~10%(the power distribution ratio)of the output power of the magnetron for coupling with other magnetron units.The effect of one and two coupling ports on the operating capability,including the power distribution ratio,anode current and frequency,is demonstrated by establishing an equivalent experimental model which can characterize an ideal operation of the array.The experimental results show that the power distribution ratio is~9%for the magnetron with one coupling port,and~12.5%(coupling port 1,2)for the magnetron with two coupling ports.This shows good uniformity of the coupling capability of the two coupling ports and provides guidance for optimizing the power distribution ratio of multiport magnetron units,which are critical for efficient phase locking in the proposed array in future and higher power arrays.展开更多
Deconvolution methods are commonly used to improve the performance of phased array beamforming for sound source localization. However, for coherent sources localization, existing deconvolution methods are either highl...Deconvolution methods are commonly used to improve the performance of phased array beamforming for sound source localization. However, for coherent sources localization, existing deconvolution methods are either highly computationally demanding or sensitive to parameters.A deconvolution method, based on modifications of Clean based on Source Coherence(CLEAN-SC), is proposed for coherent sources localization. This method is called Coherence CLEAN-SC(C–CLEAN-SC). C–CLEAN-SC is able to locate coherent and incoherent sources in simulation and experimental cases. It has a high computational efficiency and does not require pre-set parameters.展开更多
The Hong Kong Observatory(HKO)installed an X-band dual-polarization Phased Array Weather Radar(PAWR)at its wind profiler station at Sha Lo Wan(SLW)in 2021 to monitor high-impact weather in Hong Kong.The PAWR could com...The Hong Kong Observatory(HKO)installed an X-band dual-polarization Phased Array Weather Radar(PAWR)at its wind profiler station at Sha Lo Wan(SLW)in 2021 to monitor high-impact weather in Hong Kong.The PAWR could complete a volume scan in one minute with a spatial resolution of 30 meters.Dual polarimetric variables from the SLW PAWR,including differential reflectivity(ZDR),specific differential phase(KDP),and hydro-classification(HCL)products,were used to diagnose the vertical motion and lightning characteristics of mesoscale convective storms(MCS).Through variational data assimilation,three-dimensional(3-D)wind fields were constructed to validate the SLW PAWR observations.Two MCS events that occurred on 18 September 2022 and 17 June 2023 are central to this study.The findings include(1)negative ZDR serves as a good indicator of the occurrence of intense downdrafts associated with an MCS,a premise further supported by the 3-D wind field analysis results,(2)negative KDP suggested the formation of vertically aligned ice crystals which facilitated cloud electrification,and(3)HCL products indicated the presence of mixed ice crystals and graupel above the 0℃melting layer which promoted active cloud-to-cloud and cloud-to-ground lightning strokes.These results show that the SLW PAWR provides essential observations,which,when coupled with 3-D wind field analysis,can aid in enhancing the understanding of the dynamics and electrification processes within an MCS.展开更多
Objective:To explore the application effect of a phased nursing guidance program in early rehabilitation training for patients after minimally invasive spinal surgery,providing references for clinical rehabilitation n...Objective:To explore the application effect of a phased nursing guidance program in early rehabilitation training for patients after minimally invasive spinal surgery,providing references for clinical rehabilitation nursing.Methods:A total of 148 patients who underwent minimally invasive spinal surgery in our hospital from July 2023 to June 2025 were selected as the study subjects.They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table method,with 74 cases in each group.The control group received conventional nursing guidance after minimally invasive spinal surgery,while the observation group implemented a phased nursing guidance program.The pain levels(VAS scores),spinal function(JOA scores),quality of life(SF-36 scores),rehabilitation training compliance,and complication rates of the two groups of patients at different postoperative time points were compared.Results:At 7,14,and 30 days postoperatively,the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(all p<0.001).At 7,14,and 30 days postoperatively,the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(all p<0.0001).Moreover,the JOA scores in both groups gradually increased over time,with a more pronounced increase observed in the observation group.At 30 days postoperatively,the scores in all dimensions of the Short Form-36(SF-36)scale in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(all p<0.001).The compliance rate with rehabilitation training in the observation group was 95.95%,significantly higher than the 82.43%in the control group(χ^(2)=7.008,p<0.05).The complication rate in the observation group was 4.05%,significantly lower than the 14.86%in the control group(χ^(2)=5.049,p<0.05).Conclusion:The phased nursing guidance program can effectively alleviate pain,improve spinal function and quality of life,enhance compliance with rehabilitation training,and reduce the incidence of complications in patients after minimally invasive spinal surgery,making it worthy of clinical promotion and application.展开更多
The growing demand for deployable phased-array antennas in space applications requires innovative solutions to optimize the folded configurations and reduce the computational complexity.Existing methods face limitatio...The growing demand for deployable phased-array antennas in space applications requires innovative solutions to optimize the folded configurations and reduce the computational complexity.Existing methods face limitations due to the low efficiency of traditional algorithms and the lack of effective constraint strategies,resulting in excessive solution spaces.This study proposes forward shannon entropy wave function collapse(FSE-WFC),a novel method for designing panel configurations of one-dimensional deployable phased-array antennas using the wave function collapse algorithm.This addresses two key challenges:the excessive number of panel layout options and high computational costs.First,it analyzes the relationship between the panel connection positions and the folded form to impose constraints on the panel combinations.It then calculates the information entropy of the potential configurations to identify low-entropy solutions,thereby narrowing the solution space.Finally,boundary constraints and interference check were applied to refine the results.This approach significantly reduced the calculation time while improving the folding state and envelope volume of the antenna.The results show that the FSE-WFC algorithm reduces the envelope area by 18.3%for a 350 mm high satellite and 9.0%for a 600 mm high satellite,while satisfying the connectivity constraints.As the first application of the wave-function collapse algorithm to antenna folding design,this study introduces an information entropy-based constraint generation method that provides an efficient solution for deployable antenna optimization.展开更多
Optical phased arrays(OPAs)are crucial in beam-steering applications,particularly as transmitters in light detection and ranging and free-space communication systems.In this paper,we demonstrate a on-chip OPA that emi...Optical phased arrays(OPAs)are crucial in beam-steering applications,particularly as transmitters in light detection and ranging and free-space communication systems.In this paper,we demonstrate a on-chip OPA that emits multiple orbital angular momentum(OAM)beams in different directions,each carrying unique topological charges.By superimposing a forked 1×3 Dammann grating on the grating array,six OAM beams with topological charges of ±3,±4,and±5 can be radiated from the OPA region.The OPA chip was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator platform,and the simultaneous generation of multiple OAM beams was realized experimentally.The directions of these vortices can be steered by adjusting the wavelength of the input light and the bias voltages of the phase shifters,enabling a remarkable field of view(FOV)of 140 deg×40 deg within a 120-nm wavelength range.We pave the way for developing systems with ultrawide FOVs,improving the resolution of remote sensing and broadening the possibilities of free-space communications.展开更多
In this paper,a method for designing supermassive sparse phased arrays(SMSPAs)known as the unitary modified matrix enhancement and matrix pencil(UMMEMP)method is proposed.In this method,an eigenvalue pairing method,wh...In this paper,a method for designing supermassive sparse phased arrays(SMSPAs)known as the unitary modified matrix enhancement and matrix pencil(UMMEMP)method is proposed.In this method,an eigenvalue pairing method,which is inspired by the modified MEMP,effectively pairs the repeated eigenvalues intractable in the unitary matrix pencil method,and it is more effective in determining the locations of elements in the sparse array.Three numerical examples and a full-wave validation are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method,implemented via SMSPA,in achieving low sidelobe level wide-angle scanning radiation patterns,circular flattop radiation patterns,and ultra wide-angle scanning radiation patterns.展开更多
Phase aberration correction for medical ultrasound systems has attracted a great deal of attention. Since phased array techniques are now widely employed for industrial non-destructive testing （NDT） applications in ...Phase aberration correction for medical ultrasound systems has attracted a great deal of attention. Since phased array techniques are now widely employed for industrial non-destructive testing （NDT） applications in various fields, the problem of phase aberrations in the process of NDT testing is considered. The technique of cross-covariance for phase aberration correction is presented. The performance of the technique for phase aberration correction is tested by means of echo signals obtained in practical non-destructive testing experiment. The results show that the technique has the better accuracy of phase correction.展开更多
Beam focusing is one of the unique characteristics of ultrasonic phased array compared with conventional ultrasound.On the basis of two-dimensional radiated sound field of phased array,the three-dimensional radiated s...Beam focusing is one of the unique characteristics of ultrasonic phased array compared with conventional ultrasound.On the basis of two-dimensional radiated sound field of phased array,the three-dimensional radiated sound field was simulated in the paper,and then the effect of different frequencies,different number of array elements and different element spacings on focal spot,the depth of focus and the effect on horizontal and vertical resolution were analyzed.The optimal results of transducer parameters have certain reference value for the design of phased array probe.展开更多
A real-time dwell scheduling model, which takes the time and energy constraints into account is founded from the viewpoint of scheduling gain. Scheduling design is turned into a nonlinear programming procedure. The re...A real-time dwell scheduling model, which takes the time and energy constraints into account is founded from the viewpoint of scheduling gain. Scheduling design is turned into a nonlinear programming procedure. The real-time dwell scheduling algorithm based on the scheduling gain is presented with the help of two heuristic rules. The simulation results demonstrate that compared with the conventional adaptive scheduling method, the algorithm proposed not only increases the scheduling gain and the time utility but also decreases the task drop rate.展开更多
Transducers that are widely applied in cement bond evaluation tools, such as cement bond logs and variable density logs, cannot radiate acoustic energy directionally because of the characteristics of monopole sources....Transducers that are widely applied in cement bond evaluation tools, such as cement bond logs and variable density logs, cannot radiate acoustic energy directionally because of the characteristics of monopole sources. A phased arc array transmitter, which is a novel transducer that differs from monopole and dipole transducers, is presented in this study. To simulate the acoustic field generated by a phased arc array in a fluid-filled cased borehole with different channelings, a 3D finite-difference time-domain method is adopted. The acoustic field generated by a traditional monopole source is also simulated and compared with the field generated by the phased arc array transmitter. Numerical simulation results show that the phased arc array radiates energy directionally in a narrow angular range in the borehole, thereby compressing the acoustic energy into a narrow range in the casing pipe, the cement, and the formation. We present the analyses of first-arrival waveforms and the amplitudes of casing waves at different azimuthal angles for the two different sources. The results indicate that employing a directional source facilitates azimuthal identification and analysis of possible channeling behind the casing pipe.展开更多
This paper addresses the spectral coexistence between LEO constellation and GEO belt for global distributed earth stations. A specific method is introduced to mitigate the in-line interference by tilting the direction...This paper addresses the spectral coexistence between LEO constellation and GEO belt for global distributed earth stations. A specific method is introduced to mitigate the in-line interference by tilting the direction normal of phased array antennas of LEO satellites, and the optimal direction is found by solving a non-linear programming problem. The simulation results prove that the proposed approach leads to greater link availability while guaranteeing the desired received signal level especially for low-latitude earth stations.展开更多
A hybrid method for synthesizing antenna＇s three dimensional （3D） pattern is proposed to obtain the low sidelobe feature of truncated cone conformal phased arrays. In this method, the elements of truncated cone con...A hybrid method for synthesizing antenna＇s three dimensional （3D） pattern is proposed to obtain the low sidelobe feature of truncated cone conformal phased arrays. In this method, the elements of truncated cone conformal phased arrays are projected to the tangent plane in one generatrix of the truncated cone. Then two dimensional （2D） Chebyshev amplitude distribution optimization is respectively used in two mutual vertical directions of the tangent plane. According to the location of the elements, the excitation current amplitude distribution of each element on the conformal structure is derived reversely, then the excitation current amplitude is further optimized by using the genetic algorithm （GA）. A truncated cone problem with 8x8 elements on it, and a 3D pattern desired side lobe level （SLL） up to 35 dB, is studied. By using the hybrid method, the optimal goal is accomplished with acceptable CPU time, which indicates that this hybrid method for the low sidelobe synthesis is feasible.展开更多
The influence of the distorted plane of the active phased array antenna on the electromagnetic performance is of great significance to the research on and development of the high-performance antennas. On the bent and ...The influence of the distorted plane of the active phased array antenna on the electromagnetic performance is of great significance to the research on and development of the high-performance antennas. On the bent and bowl-shape distortion, the model is established of the relationship between the electromagnetic performance and the position error of the radiated elements. The method is presented of analyzing the far-field pattern of the distorted rectangular active phased array antenna. The analysis results of a planar phased array antenna with different distortions grades prove the validity of the model. Therefore, by the method, the antenna designers may set the reasonable requirement on the structural tolerance in manufacturing antenna.展开更多
The acoustic tools widely used in borehole well logging and being developed in borehole acoustic reflection imaging do not have the function of azimuthal measurement due to a symmetric source, so they can not be used ...The acoustic tools widely used in borehole well logging and being developed in borehole acoustic reflection imaging do not have the function of azimuthal measurement due to a symmetric source, so they can not be used to evaluate the azimuthal character of borehole formation. In this paper, a 3D finite difference method was used to simulate the acoustic fields in a fluid-filled borehole generated by a traditional monopole source and a phased arc array. Acoustic waveforms were presented for both cases. The analysis of the simulated waveforms showed that different from the monopole source, the acoustic energy generated by the phased arc array transmitter mainly radiated to the borehole in a narrow azimuthal range, which was the key technique to implement azimuthal acoustic well logging. Similar to the monopole source, the waveforms generated by the phased arc array in the fluid-filled borehole also contain compressional （P） waves and shear （S） waves refracted along the borehole, which is the theoretical foundation of phased arc array acoustic well logging.展开更多
A research about the ultrasonic phased array imaging principle from A-scan signal to B-scan image for non-destructive testing （NDT） was conducted in this paper, the ultrasonic phased array inspection imaging system ...A research about the ultrasonic phased array imaging principle from A-scan signal to B-scan image for non-destructive testing （NDT） was conducted in this paper, the ultrasonic phased array inspection imaging system used in industrial field was developed and the experiment was performed on the steel testing block by the system with 64 elements, 5 MHz phased array transducer. Experimental results show that the flaws could be accurately detected and the flaws size could be estimated from the B-scan images, and the B-scan images could clearly show the location of the flaws, but the quality of B-scan images needs to be enhanced by digital signal processing and controlling dynamic focusing for improving the image resolution.展开更多
A search strategy based on the maximal information gain principle is presented for the cued search of phased array radars. First, the method for the determination of the cued search region, arrangement of beam positio...A search strategy based on the maximal information gain principle is presented for the cued search of phased array radars. First, the method for the determination of the cued search region, arrangement of beam positions, and the calculation of the prior probability distribution of each beam position is discussed. And then, two search algorithms based on information gain are proposed using Shannon entropy and Kullback-Leibler entropy, respectively. With the proposed strategy, the information gain of each beam position is predicted before the radar detection, and the observation is made in the beam position with the maximal information gain. Compared with the conventional method of sequential search and confirm search, simulation results show that the proposed search strategy can distinctly improve the search performance and save radar time resources with the same given detection probability.展开更多
Ultrasonic inspection of austenitic steel weld is a great challenge due to skewed and distorted beam in such a highly anisotropic and inhomogeneous material. To improve the ultrasonic measurement in this situation, it...Ultrasonic inspection of austenitic steel weld is a great challenge due to skewed and distorted beam in such a highly anisotropic and inhomogeneous material. To improve the ultrasonic measurement in this situation, it is essential to have an in-depth understanding of ultrasound characteristics in austenitic steel weld. To meet such a need, in the present study we propose a method which combines the weld model, Dijkstra’s path-finding algorithm and Gaussian beam equivalent point source model to calculate the acoustic fields from ultrasonic phased array in such a weld. With this method, the acoustic field in a steel-austenitic weld-steel three-layered structure for a linear phase array transducer is calculated and the propagation characteristics of ultrasound in weld are studied. The research results show that the method proposed here is capable of calculating the acoustic field in austenitic weld. Additionally, beam steering and focusing can be still realized in the austenitic steel weld and the beam distortion is more severe in the middle of weld than at other positions.展开更多
Phased array feeds(PAFs),which illuminate the dish with digitally synthesized beams instead of separated horns,provide the capability for wider and continuous field-of-view surveys.As a promising technology for next g...Phased array feeds(PAFs),which illuminate the dish with digitally synthesized beams instead of separated horns,provide the capability for wider and continuous field-of-view surveys.As a promising technology for next generation radio telescopes,PAFs will provide the Qi Tai Telescope(QTT),which will be next world-class fully steerable radio telescope,an opportunity of reaching several cutting-edge science goals.This paper presents a brief introduction of the wideband PAF for QTT,and the detailed design and simulation of the cryogenic system.Based on this design,a scaled prototype of the spherical vacuum window,which is the key part of the cryogenic system,has been built and the performance is verified.展开更多
基金supported by Fund of State Key Laboratory of IPOC(BUPT)(No.IPOC2021ZT16),China.
文摘The integrated optical true time delay phased array antenna system has the advantages of high bandwidth,small size,low loss and strong antiinterference capability,etc.The high integration of the optically controlled phased array antenna system is a necessary trend for the future development of the phased array,and it is also a major focus and difficulty in the current research of integrated microwave photonics.This paper firstly introduces the basic principle and development history of optical true time delay phased array antenna system based on microwave photonics,and briefly introduces the main implementation methods and integration platform of optical true time delay.Then,the application and development prospect of optical true time delay technology in beam control of phased array antenna system are mainly presented.Finally,according to the current research progress,the possible research directions of integrated optically controlled phased array antenna systems in the future are proposed.
基金This work is supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62401125)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2023NSFSC1376)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.ZYGX2024J008)。
文摘In this paper,three magnetrons with each of them having specifically designed multiple coupling ports,which deliver specific power distribution for developing a magnetron array based on efficient phase locking between them,are proposed to produce high powerμs-level pulses.To demonstrate the effectiveness of the magnetron with one and two coupling ports as a unit for efficient phase locking,we designed experimentally the coupling ports delivering~10%(the power distribution ratio)of the output power of the magnetron for coupling with other magnetron units.The effect of one and two coupling ports on the operating capability,including the power distribution ratio,anode current and frequency,is demonstrated by establishing an equivalent experimental model which can characterize an ideal operation of the array.The experimental results show that the power distribution ratio is~9%for the magnetron with one coupling port,and~12.5%(coupling port 1,2)for the magnetron with two coupling ports.This shows good uniformity of the coupling capability of the two coupling ports and provides guidance for optimizing the power distribution ratio of multiport magnetron units,which are critical for efficient phase locking in the proposed array in future and higher power arrays.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China (No. 2017-II-003–0015)。
文摘Deconvolution methods are commonly used to improve the performance of phased array beamforming for sound source localization. However, for coherent sources localization, existing deconvolution methods are either highly computationally demanding or sensitive to parameters.A deconvolution method, based on modifications of Clean based on Source Coherence(CLEAN-SC), is proposed for coherent sources localization. This method is called Coherence CLEAN-SC(C–CLEAN-SC). C–CLEAN-SC is able to locate coherent and incoherent sources in simulation and experimental cases. It has a high computational efficiency and does not require pre-set parameters.
文摘The Hong Kong Observatory(HKO)installed an X-band dual-polarization Phased Array Weather Radar(PAWR)at its wind profiler station at Sha Lo Wan(SLW)in 2021 to monitor high-impact weather in Hong Kong.The PAWR could complete a volume scan in one minute with a spatial resolution of 30 meters.Dual polarimetric variables from the SLW PAWR,including differential reflectivity(ZDR),specific differential phase(KDP),and hydro-classification(HCL)products,were used to diagnose the vertical motion and lightning characteristics of mesoscale convective storms(MCS).Through variational data assimilation,three-dimensional(3-D)wind fields were constructed to validate the SLW PAWR observations.Two MCS events that occurred on 18 September 2022 and 17 June 2023 are central to this study.The findings include(1)negative ZDR serves as a good indicator of the occurrence of intense downdrafts associated with an MCS,a premise further supported by the 3-D wind field analysis results,(2)negative KDP suggested the formation of vertically aligned ice crystals which facilitated cloud electrification,and(3)HCL products indicated the presence of mixed ice crystals and graupel above the 0℃melting layer which promoted active cloud-to-cloud and cloud-to-ground lightning strokes.These results show that the SLW PAWR provides essential observations,which,when coupled with 3-D wind field analysis,can aid in enhancing the understanding of the dynamics and electrification processes within an MCS.
文摘Objective:To explore the application effect of a phased nursing guidance program in early rehabilitation training for patients after minimally invasive spinal surgery,providing references for clinical rehabilitation nursing.Methods:A total of 148 patients who underwent minimally invasive spinal surgery in our hospital from July 2023 to June 2025 were selected as the study subjects.They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group using a random number table method,with 74 cases in each group.The control group received conventional nursing guidance after minimally invasive spinal surgery,while the observation group implemented a phased nursing guidance program.The pain levels(VAS scores),spinal function(JOA scores),quality of life(SF-36 scores),rehabilitation training compliance,and complication rates of the two groups of patients at different postoperative time points were compared.Results:At 7,14,and 30 days postoperatively,the Visual Analogue Scale(VAS)scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(all p<0.001).At 7,14,and 30 days postoperatively,the Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)scores in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(all p<0.0001).Moreover,the JOA scores in both groups gradually increased over time,with a more pronounced increase observed in the observation group.At 30 days postoperatively,the scores in all dimensions of the Short Form-36(SF-36)scale in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group(all p<0.001).The compliance rate with rehabilitation training in the observation group was 95.95%,significantly higher than the 82.43%in the control group(χ^(2)=7.008,p<0.05).The complication rate in the observation group was 4.05%,significantly lower than the 14.86%in the control group(χ^(2)=5.049,p<0.05).Conclusion:The phased nursing guidance program can effectively alleviate pain,improve spinal function and quality of life,enhance compliance with rehabilitation training,and reduce the incidence of complications in patients after minimally invasive spinal surgery,making it worthy of clinical promotion and application.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52105035,62203094)Special Central Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development(Grant No.236Z1801G)+2 种基金Higher Education Youth Top Talent Project of Hebei Province of China(Grant No.BJK2024042)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(Grant Nos.E2021203109,F2023501021)Graduate Student Innovation Capability Training and Support Project of Hebei Province(Grant No.CXZZBS2024053).
文摘The growing demand for deployable phased-array antennas in space applications requires innovative solutions to optimize the folded configurations and reduce the computational complexity.Existing methods face limitations due to the low efficiency of traditional algorithms and the lack of effective constraint strategies,resulting in excessive solution spaces.This study proposes forward shannon entropy wave function collapse(FSE-WFC),a novel method for designing panel configurations of one-dimensional deployable phased-array antennas using the wave function collapse algorithm.This addresses two key challenges:the excessive number of panel layout options and high computational costs.First,it analyzes the relationship between the panel connection positions and the folded form to impose constraints on the panel combinations.It then calculates the information entropy of the potential configurations to identify low-entropy solutions,thereby narrowing the solution space.Finally,boundary constraints and interference check were applied to refine the results.This approach significantly reduced the calculation time while improving the folding state and envelope volume of the antenna.The results show that the FSE-WFC algorithm reduces the envelope area by 18.3%for a 350 mm high satellite and 9.0%for a 600 mm high satellite,while satisfying the connectivity constraints.As the first application of the wave-function collapse algorithm to antenna folding design,this study introduces an information entropy-based constraint generation method that provides an efficient solution for deployable antenna optimization.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62341508 and 62105203)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.BH0300071).
文摘Optical phased arrays(OPAs)are crucial in beam-steering applications,particularly as transmitters in light detection and ranging and free-space communication systems.In this paper,we demonstrate a on-chip OPA that emits multiple orbital angular momentum(OAM)beams in different directions,each carrying unique topological charges.By superimposing a forked 1×3 Dammann grating on the grating array,six OAM beams with topological charges of ±3,±4,and±5 can be radiated from the OPA region.The OPA chip was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator platform,and the simultaneous generation of multiple OAM beams was realized experimentally.The directions of these vortices can be steered by adjusting the wavelength of the input light and the bias voltages of the phase shifters,enabling a remarkable field of view(FOV)of 140 deg×40 deg within a 120-nm wavelength range.We pave the way for developing systems with ultrawide FOVs,improving the resolution of remote sensing and broadening the possibilities of free-space communications.
文摘In this paper,a method for designing supermassive sparse phased arrays(SMSPAs)known as the unitary modified matrix enhancement and matrix pencil(UMMEMP)method is proposed.In this method,an eigenvalue pairing method,which is inspired by the modified MEMP,effectively pairs the repeated eigenvalues intractable in the unitary matrix pencil method,and it is more effective in determining the locations of elements in the sparse array.Three numerical examples and a full-wave validation are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method,implemented via SMSPA,in achieving low sidelobe level wide-angle scanning radiation patterns,circular flattop radiation patterns,and ultra wide-angle scanning radiation patterns.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61201412)Ntural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(No.2012021011-5)
文摘Phase aberration correction for medical ultrasound systems has attracted a great deal of attention. Since phased array techniques are now widely employed for industrial non-destructive testing （NDT） applications in various fields, the problem of phase aberrations in the process of NDT testing is considered. The technique of cross-covariance for phase aberration correction is presented. The performance of the technique for phase aberration correction is tested by means of echo signals obtained in practical non-destructive testing experiment. The results show that the technique has the better accuracy of phase correction.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61201412)Shanxi Province Fundation for Science and Technology Research(No.2012021011-5)Program for Top Young Academic Leaders of Higher Learning Institution in Shanxi Province
文摘Beam focusing is one of the unique characteristics of ultrasonic phased array compared with conventional ultrasound.On the basis of two-dimensional radiated sound field of phased array,the three-dimensional radiated sound field was simulated in the paper,and then the effect of different frequencies,different number of array elements and different element spacings on focal spot,the depth of focus and the effect on horizontal and vertical resolution were analyzed.The optimal results of transducer parameters have certain reference value for the design of phased array probe.
文摘A real-time dwell scheduling model, which takes the time and energy constraints into account is founded from the viewpoint of scheduling gain. Scheduling design is turned into a nonlinear programming procedure. The real-time dwell scheduling algorithm based on the scheduling gain is presented with the help of two heuristic rules. The simulation results demonstrate that compared with the conventional adaptive scheduling method, the algorithm proposed not only increases the scheduling gain and the time utility but also decreases the task drop rate.
基金supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (Grant Nos. 11204380, 11374371, 11134011 and 61102102)National Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2011ZX05020-009)PetroChina Innovation Foundation (2013D-5006-0304)
文摘Transducers that are widely applied in cement bond evaluation tools, such as cement bond logs and variable density logs, cannot radiate acoustic energy directionally because of the characteristics of monopole sources. A phased arc array transmitter, which is a novel transducer that differs from monopole and dipole transducers, is presented in this study. To simulate the acoustic field generated by a phased arc array in a fluid-filled cased borehole with different channelings, a 3D finite-difference time-domain method is adopted. The acoustic field generated by a traditional monopole source is also simulated and compared with the field generated by the phased arc array transmitter. Numerical simulation results show that the phased arc array radiates energy directionally in a narrow angular range in the borehole, thereby compressing the acoustic energy into a narrow range in the casing pipe, the cement, and the formation. We present the analyses of first-arrival waveforms and the amplitudes of casing waves at different azimuthal angles for the two different sources. The results indicate that employing a directional source facilitates azimuthal identification and analysis of possible channeling behind the casing pipe.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 91738101 and 91438206)
文摘This paper addresses the spectral coexistence between LEO constellation and GEO belt for global distributed earth stations. A specific method is introduced to mitigate the in-line interference by tilting the direction normal of phased array antennas of LEO satellites, and the optimal direction is found by solving a non-linear programming problem. The simulation results prove that the proposed approach leads to greater link availability while guaranteeing the desired received signal level especially for low-latitude earth stations.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(YWF-13D2-XX-13)the National High-tech Research and Development Program(863 Program)(2008AA121802)
文摘A hybrid method for synthesizing antenna＇s three dimensional （3D） pattern is proposed to obtain the low sidelobe feature of truncated cone conformal phased arrays. In this method, the elements of truncated cone conformal phased arrays are projected to the tangent plane in one generatrix of the truncated cone. Then two dimensional （2D） Chebyshev amplitude distribution optimization is respectively used in two mutual vertical directions of the tangent plane. According to the location of the elements, the excitation current amplitude distribution of each element on the conformal structure is derived reversely, then the excitation current amplitude is further optimized by using the genetic algorithm （GA）. A truncated cone problem with 8x8 elements on it, and a 3D pattern desired side lobe level （SLL） up to 35 dB, is studied. By using the hybrid method, the optimal goal is accomplished with acceptable CPU time, which indicates that this hybrid method for the low sidelobe synthesis is feasible.
基金supported partly by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(50805111)the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(SJ08E_203.)
文摘The influence of the distorted plane of the active phased array antenna on the electromagnetic performance is of great significance to the research on and development of the high-performance antennas. On the bent and bowl-shape distortion, the model is established of the relationship between the electromagnetic performance and the position error of the radiated elements. The method is presented of analyzing the far-field pattern of the distorted rectangular active phased array antenna. The analysis results of a planar phased array antenna with different distortions grades prove the validity of the model. Therefore, by the method, the antenna designers may set the reasonable requirement on the structural tolerance in manufacturing antenna.
基金supported by the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(Grant Nos.10534040,40574049 and 40874097)the Research Fund for the Doctoral Programof Higher Education(Grant No.20070425028)the Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resourceand Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(Grant No.PRPDX2008-08).
文摘The acoustic tools widely used in borehole well logging and being developed in borehole acoustic reflection imaging do not have the function of azimuthal measurement due to a symmetric source, so they can not be used to evaluate the azimuthal character of borehole formation. In this paper, a 3D finite difference method was used to simulate the acoustic fields in a fluid-filled borehole generated by a traditional monopole source and a phased arc array. Acoustic waveforms were presented for both cases. The analysis of the simulated waveforms showed that different from the monopole source, the acoustic energy generated by the phased arc array transmitter mainly radiated to the borehole in a narrow azimuthal range, which was the key technique to implement azimuthal acoustic well logging. Similar to the monopole source, the waveforms generated by the phased arc array in the fluid-filled borehole also contain compressional （P） waves and shear （S） waves refracted along the borehole, which is the theoretical foundation of phased arc array acoustic well logging.
基金Funded by"863"of The High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (No.2003AA602230).
文摘A research about the ultrasonic phased array imaging principle from A-scan signal to B-scan image for non-destructive testing （NDT） was conducted in this paper, the ultrasonic phased array inspection imaging system used in industrial field was developed and the experiment was performed on the steel testing block by the system with 64 elements, 5 MHz phased array transducer. Experimental results show that the flaws could be accurately detected and the flaws size could be estimated from the B-scan images, and the B-scan images could clearly show the location of the flaws, but the quality of B-scan images needs to be enhanced by digital signal processing and controlling dynamic focusing for improving the image resolution.
基金the High Technology Research and Development Programme of China (2003AA134030)
文摘A search strategy based on the maximal information gain principle is presented for the cued search of phased array radars. First, the method for the determination of the cued search region, arrangement of beam positions, and the calculation of the prior probability distribution of each beam position is discussed. And then, two search algorithms based on information gain are proposed using Shannon entropy and Kullback-Leibler entropy, respectively. With the proposed strategy, the information gain of each beam position is predicted before the radar detection, and the observation is made in the beam position with the maximal information gain. Compared with the conventional method of sequential search and confirm search, simulation results show that the proposed search strategy can distinctly improve the search performance and save radar time resources with the same given detection probability.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474308,11574343,and 11774377)
文摘Ultrasonic inspection of austenitic steel weld is a great challenge due to skewed and distorted beam in such a highly anisotropic and inhomogeneous material. To improve the ultrasonic measurement in this situation, it is essential to have an in-depth understanding of ultrasound characteristics in austenitic steel weld. To meet such a need, in the present study we propose a method which combines the weld model, Dijkstra’s path-finding algorithm and Gaussian beam equivalent point source model to calculate the acoustic fields from ultrasonic phased array in such a weld. With this method, the acoustic field in a steel-austenitic weld-steel three-layered structure for a linear phase array transducer is calculated and the propagation characteristics of ultrasound in weld are studied. The research results show that the method proposed here is capable of calculating the acoustic field in austenitic weld. Additionally, beam steering and focusing can be still realized in the austenitic steel weld and the beam distortion is more severe in the middle of weld than at other positions.
基金supported by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Grant No.2017D04013)。
文摘Phased array feeds(PAFs),which illuminate the dish with digitally synthesized beams instead of separated horns,provide the capability for wider and continuous field-of-view surveys.As a promising technology for next generation radio telescopes,PAFs will provide the Qi Tai Telescope(QTT),which will be next world-class fully steerable radio telescope,an opportunity of reaching several cutting-edge science goals.This paper presents a brief introduction of the wideband PAF for QTT,and the detailed design and simulation of the cryogenic system.Based on this design,a scaled prototype of the spherical vacuum window,which is the key part of the cryogenic system,has been built and the performance is verified.
