This paper proposes an advanced voltage source converter(VSC)-driven model for soft open points(SOPs)and battery energy storage systems(BESSs)to actively balance three-phase distribution networks.The proposed model ad...This paper proposes an advanced voltage source converter(VSC)-driven model for soft open points(SOPs)and battery energy storage systems(BESSs)to actively balance three-phase distribution networks.The proposed model addresses the phase imbalance caused by the increasing integration of renewable energy and distributed generation.Unlike traditional models,which mainly focus on AC capacity constraints,the proposed model explores the complexities of the DC-link.This allows for a thorough examination of the interactions between active and reactive power,as well as the voltage levels on both the AC and DC sides of VSCs.The relationship between pulse width modulation(PWM)control configurations and VSC power outputs is discussed,enhancing control on both sides of the converters.This improvement also facilitates better cross-phase power transfer through SOPs and enhances the overall balance among the three phases.In addition,the proposed model incorporates the cooperative functionality of VSC-driven BESSs to sustain the phase balance.To further optimize the load distribution,phase-specific dispatching(PSD)is introduced,allowing for the flexible allocation of individual loads to distinct phases.Together,these coordinated technical solutions constitute a systematic optimization strategy.An algorithm is developed to harmonize the VSC-driven modeling for SOPs and BESSs with PSD,thereby improving the computational efficiency in managing power flow and phase balance.The results show that the proposed model significantly reduces losses and enhances the phase balance.展开更多
Anther development from stamen primordium to pollen dispersal is complex and essential to sexual reproduction.How this highly dynamic and complex developmental process is controlled genetically is not well understood,...Anther development from stamen primordium to pollen dispersal is complex and essential to sexual reproduction.How this highly dynamic and complex developmental process is controlled genetically is not well understood,especially for genes involved in specific key developmental phases.Here we generated RNA sequencing libraries spanning 10 key stages across the entirety of anther development in maize(Zea mays).Global transcriptome analyses revealed distinct phases of cell division and expansion,meiosis,pollen maturation,and mature pollen,for which we detected 50,245,42,and 414 phase-specific marker genes,respectively.Phase-specific transcription factor genes were significantly enriched in the phase of meiosis.The phase-specific expression of these marker genes was highly conserved among the maize lines Chang7-2 and W23,indicating they might have important roles in anther development.We explored a desiccationrelated protein gene,ZmDRP1,which was exclusively expressed in the tapetum from the tetrad to the uninucleate microspore stage,by generating knockout mutants.Notably,mutants in ZmDRP1 were completely male-sterile,with abnormal Ubisch bodies and defective pollen exine.Our work provides a glimpse into the gene expression dynamics and a valuable resource for exploring the roles of key phase-specific genes that regulate anther development.展开更多
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.5400-202455203A-1-1-ZN).
文摘This paper proposes an advanced voltage source converter(VSC)-driven model for soft open points(SOPs)and battery energy storage systems(BESSs)to actively balance three-phase distribution networks.The proposed model addresses the phase imbalance caused by the increasing integration of renewable energy and distributed generation.Unlike traditional models,which mainly focus on AC capacity constraints,the proposed model explores the complexities of the DC-link.This allows for a thorough examination of the interactions between active and reactive power,as well as the voltage levels on both the AC and DC sides of VSCs.The relationship between pulse width modulation(PWM)control configurations and VSC power outputs is discussed,enhancing control on both sides of the converters.This improvement also facilitates better cross-phase power transfer through SOPs and enhances the overall balance among the three phases.In addition,the proposed model incorporates the cooperative functionality of VSC-driven BESSs to sustain the phase balance.To further optimize the load distribution,phase-specific dispatching(PSD)is introduced,allowing for the flexible allocation of individual loads to distinct phases.Together,these coordinated technical solutions constitute a systematic optimization strategy.An algorithm is developed to harmonize the VSC-driven modeling for SOPs and BESSs with PSD,thereby improving the computational efficiency in managing power flow and phase balance.The results show that the proposed model significantly reduces losses and enhances the phase balance.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24010106)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072075)National Center for Biotechnology Information’s Short Read Archive under BioProject accession PRJNA750514。
文摘Anther development from stamen primordium to pollen dispersal is complex and essential to sexual reproduction.How this highly dynamic and complex developmental process is controlled genetically is not well understood,especially for genes involved in specific key developmental phases.Here we generated RNA sequencing libraries spanning 10 key stages across the entirety of anther development in maize(Zea mays).Global transcriptome analyses revealed distinct phases of cell division and expansion,meiosis,pollen maturation,and mature pollen,for which we detected 50,245,42,and 414 phase-specific marker genes,respectively.Phase-specific transcription factor genes were significantly enriched in the phase of meiosis.The phase-specific expression of these marker genes was highly conserved among the maize lines Chang7-2 and W23,indicating they might have important roles in anther development.We explored a desiccationrelated protein gene,ZmDRP1,which was exclusively expressed in the tapetum from the tetrad to the uninucleate microspore stage,by generating knockout mutants.Notably,mutants in ZmDRP1 were completely male-sterile,with abnormal Ubisch bodies and defective pollen exine.Our work provides a glimpse into the gene expression dynamics and a valuable resource for exploring the roles of key phase-specific genes that regulate anther development.
