A novel industrial process was designed for the highly selective production of ethylbenzene. It comprised of a reactor vessel, vapor phase ethylene feed stream, benzene and transalkylation feed stream. Especially the ...A novel industrial process was designed for the highly selective production of ethylbenzene. It comprised of a reactor vessel, vapor phase ethylene feed stream, benzene and transalkylation feed stream. Especially the product stream containing ethylbenzene was used to heat the reactor vessel, which consisted of an alkylation section, an upper heat exchange section, and a bottom heat exchange section. In such a novel reactor, vapor phase benzene and liquid phase benzene were coexisted due to the heat produced by isothermal reaction between the upper heat exchange section and the bottom heat exchange section. The process was demonstrated by the thermodynamic analysis and experimental results. In fact, during the 1010 hour-life-test of gas phase ethene with gas phase-liquid phase benzene alkylation reaction, the ethene conversion was above 95%, and the ethylbenzene selectivity was above 83% （only benzene feed） and even higher than 99% （benzene plus transalkylation feed）. At the same time, the xylene content in the ethylbenzene was less than 100 ppm when the reaction was carried out under the reaction conditions of 140-185℃ of temperature, 1.6-2.1 MPa of pressure, 3.0-5.5 of benzene/ethylene mole ratio, 4-6 v% of transalkylation feed/（benzene＋transalkylation feed）, 0.19-0.27 h^-1 of ethene space velocity, and 1000 g of 3998 catalyst loaded. Thus, compared with the conventional ethylbenzene synthesis route, the transalkylation reactor could be omitted in this novel industrial process.展开更多
In order to simulate the instability phenomenon of a nonaqueous phase liquid(NAPL) dissolution front in a computational model, the intrinsic characteristic length is commonly used to determine the length scale at whic...In order to simulate the instability phenomenon of a nonaqueous phase liquid(NAPL) dissolution front in a computational model, the intrinsic characteristic length is commonly used to determine the length scale at which the instability of the NAPL dissolution front can be initiated. This will require a huge number of finite elements if a whole NAPL dissolution system is simulated in the computational model. Even though modern supercomputers might be used to tackle this kind of NAPL dissolution problem, it can become prohibitive for commonly-used personal computers to do so. The main purpose of this work is to investigate whether or not the whole NAPL dissolution system of an annular domain can be replaced by a trapezoidal domain, so as to greatly reduce the requirements for computer efforts. The related simulation results have demonstrated that when the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a subcritical state, if the dissolution pattern around the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system.However, if the dissolution pattern away from the vicinity of the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain can be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system. When the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a supercritical state, a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system.展开更多
提出一种基于核主成分分析与多元多尺度能量熵的气液两相流流动特性分析方法。通过电阻层析成像设备采集垂直管道气液两相流实验数据,采用核主成分分析(kernel principal component analysis,KPCA)和主成分分析分别处理原始数据得到低...提出一种基于核主成分分析与多元多尺度能量熵的气液两相流流动特性分析方法。通过电阻层析成像设备采集垂直管道气液两相流实验数据,采用核主成分分析(kernel principal component analysis,KPCA)和主成分分析分别处理原始数据得到低维时间序列,结合多变量经验模态分解方法提取多元多尺度能量熵(multivariate multiscale energy entropy,MMEE)用以对比降维方法影响并分析流体的动态变化。结果表明,KPCA能保留原始数据中非线性特性并显现在MMEE的数据变化与流型转换关系中;结合熵值10尺度均值与5尺度拟合斜率构建的联合分布能实现高效准确的流型辨识。所提方法为气液两相流流动特性分析提供了兼具经济性与效率性的手段,也为更深层次的分析提供了更多元的可靠参数。展开更多
基金This work is supported by the National 973 Project of China (2009CB623501)
文摘A novel industrial process was designed for the highly selective production of ethylbenzene. It comprised of a reactor vessel, vapor phase ethylene feed stream, benzene and transalkylation feed stream. Especially the product stream containing ethylbenzene was used to heat the reactor vessel, which consisted of an alkylation section, an upper heat exchange section, and a bottom heat exchange section. In such a novel reactor, vapor phase benzene and liquid phase benzene were coexisted due to the heat produced by isothermal reaction between the upper heat exchange section and the bottom heat exchange section. The process was demonstrated by the thermodynamic analysis and experimental results. In fact, during the 1010 hour-life-test of gas phase ethene with gas phase-liquid phase benzene alkylation reaction, the ethene conversion was above 95%, and the ethylbenzene selectivity was above 83% （only benzene feed） and even higher than 99% （benzene plus transalkylation feed）. At the same time, the xylene content in the ethylbenzene was less than 100 ppm when the reaction was carried out under the reaction conditions of 140-185℃ of temperature, 1.6-2.1 MPa of pressure, 3.0-5.5 of benzene/ethylene mole ratio, 4-6 v% of transalkylation feed/（benzene＋transalkylation feed）, 0.19-0.27 h^-1 of ethene space velocity, and 1000 g of 3998 catalyst loaded. Thus, compared with the conventional ethylbenzene synthesis route, the transalkylation reactor could be omitted in this novel industrial process.
基金Project(11272359)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to simulate the instability phenomenon of a nonaqueous phase liquid(NAPL) dissolution front in a computational model, the intrinsic characteristic length is commonly used to determine the length scale at which the instability of the NAPL dissolution front can be initiated. This will require a huge number of finite elements if a whole NAPL dissolution system is simulated in the computational model. Even though modern supercomputers might be used to tackle this kind of NAPL dissolution problem, it can become prohibitive for commonly-used personal computers to do so. The main purpose of this work is to investigate whether or not the whole NAPL dissolution system of an annular domain can be replaced by a trapezoidal domain, so as to greatly reduce the requirements for computer efforts. The related simulation results have demonstrated that when the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a subcritical state, if the dissolution pattern around the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system.However, if the dissolution pattern away from the vicinity of the entrance of an annulus domain is of interest, then a trapezoidal domain can be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system. When the NAPL dissolution system under consideration is in a supercritical state, a trapezoidal domain cannot be used to replace an annular domain in the computational simulation of the NAPL dissolution system.
文摘提出一种基于核主成分分析与多元多尺度能量熵的气液两相流流动特性分析方法。通过电阻层析成像设备采集垂直管道气液两相流实验数据,采用核主成分分析(kernel principal component analysis,KPCA)和主成分分析分别处理原始数据得到低维时间序列,结合多变量经验模态分解方法提取多元多尺度能量熵(multivariate multiscale energy entropy,MMEE)用以对比降维方法影响并分析流体的动态变化。结果表明,KPCA能保留原始数据中非线性特性并显现在MMEE的数据变化与流型转换关系中;结合熵值10尺度均值与5尺度拟合斜率构建的联合分布能实现高效准确的流型辨识。所提方法为气液两相流流动特性分析提供了兼具经济性与效率性的手段,也为更深层次的分析提供了更多元的可靠参数。
