To understand the physical meaning of phase time further more, we discuss the reflection phase time of quantum-particles passing though a potential well It is shown that the reflection phase time is equal to the trans...To understand the physical meaning of phase time further more, we discuss the reflection phase time of quantum-particles passing though a potential well It is shown that the reflection phase time is equal to the transmission phase time in value and negative under certain conditions for a square potential well by analyzing While quantum-particles passing through the potential well, we think that this course can be described only with the velocity of energy of quantum mechanics whether or not they are reflected or transmitted eventually展开更多
The phase time of p-polarized light pulses passing through a glass plate is investigated. We do this by converting the problem into a l-dimensional quantum-mechanical counterpart, a potential well with a position-depe...The phase time of p-polarized light pulses passing through a glass plate is investigated. We do this by converting the problem into a l-dimensional quantum-mechanical counterpart, a potential well with a position-dependent effective mass. We find that the phase time and the lateral shift have the negative characteristics.展开更多
The properties of phase time taken for particles to pass through a quantum potential well are investigated. It is found in a 1 dimensional quantum mechanical problem that the phase time is negative when the incident e...The properties of phase time taken for particles to pass through a quantum potential well are investigated. It is found in a 1 dimensional quantum mechanical problem that the phase time is negative when the incident energy and the thickness of potential well satisfy certain conditions. Similar results are also found in a 2 dimensional fully relativistic optical analog. It is shown that the expression of the la teral shift of transmitted optical waves is similar to that of the phase time in the 1 dimensional quantum mechanical problem. The phase time in the 2 dimensional optical problem is also shown to be negative under certain conditions.展开更多
When used for separating multi-component non-stationary signals, the adaptive time-varying filter(ATF) based on multi-scale chirplet sparse signal decomposition(MCSSD) generates phase shift and signal distortion. To o...When used for separating multi-component non-stationary signals, the adaptive time-varying filter(ATF) based on multi-scale chirplet sparse signal decomposition(MCSSD) generates phase shift and signal distortion. To overcome this drawback, the zero phase filter is introduced to the mentioned filter, and a fault diagnosis method for speed-changing gearbox is proposed. Firstly, the gear meshing frequency of each gearbox is estimated by chirplet path pursuit. Then, according to the estimated gear meshing frequencies, an adaptive zero phase time-varying filter(AZPTF) is designed to filter the original signal. Finally, the basis for fault diagnosis is acquired by the envelope order analysis to the filtered signal. The signal consisting of two time-varying amplitude modulation and frequency modulation(AM-FM) signals is respectively analyzed by ATF and AZPTF based on MCSSD. The simulation results show the variances between the original signals and the filtered signals yielded by AZPTF based on MCSSD are 13.67 and 41.14, which are far less than variances (323.45 and 482.86) between the original signals and the filtered signals obtained by ATF based on MCSSD. The experiment results on the vibration signals of gearboxes indicate that the vibration signals of the two speed-changing gearboxes installed on one foundation bed can be separated by AZPTF effectively. Based on the demodulation information of the vibration signal of each gearbox, the fault diagnosis can be implemented. Both simulation and experiment examples prove that the proposed filter can extract a mono-component time-varying AM-FM signal from the multi-component time-varying AM-FM signal without distortion.展开更多
We study the tunneling time of ultracold V-type atoms interacting a high quality microwave cavity. Here atomic coherence is introduced in the system by a strong driving field which couples the two lower states of the ...We study the tunneling time of ultracold V-type atoms interacting a high quality microwave cavity. Here atomic coherence is introduced in the system by a strong driving field which couples the two lower states of the three-level atom. It is found that in the presence of coherence, mazer action or the scattering like nature of the interaction may be examined for extended energies of the incident cold atoms. Our results show that position and amplitudes of the peak values of the phase time(traversal time) may be very effectively controlled by the coherent driving field. Further, here we obtained superclassical values of the phase time corresponding to much higher values of the transmission amplitudes of the tunneling atoms which may be advantageous in the possible experimental realization of the superclassical tunneling time of the traversing cold atoms. In addition, we examine a mirror reflection type symmetry in the phase time curve for a judicious choice of the external driving field.展开更多
The main purpose of this paper is to generalize the effect of two-phased demand and variable deterioration within the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) framework. The rate of deterioration is a linear function of time. Th...The main purpose of this paper is to generalize the effect of two-phased demand and variable deterioration within the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) framework. The rate of deterioration is a linear function of time. The two-phased demand function states the constant function for a certain period and the quadratic function of time for the rest part of the cycle time. No shortages as well as partial backlogging are allowed to occur. The mathematical expressions are derived for determining the optimal cycle time, order quantity and total cost function. An easy-to-use working procedure is provided to calculate the above quantities. A couple of numerical examples are cited to explain the theoretical results and sensitivity analysis of some selected examples is carried out.展开更多
Airborne Distributed Coherent Aperture Radar(ADCAR)is one of the most promising next-generation radars to significantly improve target detection and discrimination abilities.However,time and phase synchronization amon...Airborne Distributed Coherent Aperture Radar(ADCAR)is one of the most promising next-generation radars to significantly improve target detection and discrimination abilities.However,time and phase synchronization among unit radars should be done before an ADCAR is intended to cohere on a potential target.To address this problem,a time and phase synchronization technique using clutter observations is proposed in this paper.Clutter returns from different azimuths and elevations on the surface of the earth are employed to calibrate system uncertainties.Two stages are mainly considered:a scene registration among range-Doppler units from different transmit/receive pairs is performed to enhance the clutter coherence in the first stage,followed by a joint estimation of those synchronization errors in the second stage.To relieve the computational burden,a novel Separable and Sequential Estimation(SSE)method is provided to separate the unknowns at the sacrifice of a range-Doppler unit.Moreover,performance analyses including the clutter coherence ability,estimation lower bound,and signal coherence loss are also performed.Finally,simulation results indicate that ADCAR time and phase synchronization is realized by using our methods.展开更多
AIM To optimize the hepatobiliary phase delay time(HBPDT) of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(GED-MRI) for more efficient identification of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) occurring in different degrees o...AIM To optimize the hepatobiliary phase delay time(HBPDT) of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(GED-MRI) for more efficient identification of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) occurring in different degrees of cirrhosis assessed by Child-Pugh(CP) score.METHODS The liver parenchyma signal intensity(LPSI), the liver parenchyma(LP)/HCC signal ratios, and the visibility of HCC at HBP-DT of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 min(i.e., DT-5, DT-10, DT-15, DT-20, and DT-25) after injection of GdEOB-DTPA were collected and analyzed in 73 patients with cirrhosis of different degrees of severity(including 42 patients suffering from HCC) and 18 healthy adult controls.RESULTS The LPSI increased with HBP-DT more significantly in the healthy group than in the cirrhosis group(F = 17.361, P < 0.001). The LP/HCC signal ratios had a significant difference(F = 12.453, P < 0.001) among various HBP-DT points, as well as between CP-A and CP-B/C subgroups(F = 9.761, P < 0.001). The constituent ratios of HCC foci identified as obvious hypointensity(+++), moderate hypointensity(++), and mild hypointensity or isointensity(+/-) kept stable from DT-10 to DT-25: 90.6%, 9.4%, and 0.0% in the CP-A subgroup; 50.0%, 50.0%, and 0.0% in the CP-B subgroup; and 0.0%, 0.0%, and 100.0% in the CP-C subgroup, respectively.CONCLUSION The severity of liver cirrhosis has significant negative influence on the HCC visualization by GED-MRI. DT-10 is more efficient and practical than other HBP-DT points to identify most of HCC foci emerging in CP-A cirrhosis, as well as in CP-B cirrhosis; but an HBP-DT of 15 min or longer seems more appropriate than DT-10 for visualization of HCC in patients with CP-C cirrhosis.展开更多
In this paper, we investigate the Berry phase of two coupled arbitrary spins driven by a time-varying magnetic field where the Hamiltonian is explicitly tlme-dependent. Using a technique of time-dependent gauge transf...In this paper, we investigate the Berry phase of two coupled arbitrary spins driven by a time-varying magnetic field where the Hamiltonian is explicitly tlme-dependent. Using a technique of time-dependent gauge transform the Berry phase and time-evolution operator are found explicitly in the adiabatic approximation. The general solutions for arbitrary spins are applied to the spin-1/2 system as an example of explanation.展开更多
Global navigation satellite system(GNSS)carrier phase observations are two orders of higher accuracy than pseudo-range observations,and they are less affected by multipath besides.As a result,the time transfer accurac...Global navigation satellite system(GNSS)carrier phase observations are two orders of higher accuracy than pseudo-range observations,and they are less affected by multipath besides.As a result,the time transfer accuracy can reach 0.1 ns,and the frequency transfer stability can reach 1×10^-15 with carrier phase(CP)method,therefore CP method is considered the most accurate and promising time transfer technology.The focus of this paper is to present a comprehensive summary of CP method,with specific attention directed toward day-boundary clock jump,ambiguity resolution(AR),multi-system time transfer and real-time time transfer.Day-boundary clock jump is essentially caused by pseudo-range noise.Several approaches were proposed to solve the problem,such as continuously processing strategy,sliding batch and bidirectional filtering methods which were compared in this study.Additionally,researches on AR in CP method were introduced.Many scholars attempted to fix the single-difference ambiguities to improve the time transfer result,however,owing to the uncalibrated phase delay(UPD)was not considered,the current studies on AR in CP method were still immature.Moreover,because four GNSS systems could be used for time-transfer currently,which was helpful to increase the accuracy and reliability,the researches on multi-system time transfer were reviewed.What’s more,real-time time transfer attracted more attention nowadays,the preliminary research results were presented.展开更多
Continuous annealing simulation tests were conducted by using a continuous annealing thermomechanical simulator. Holding times of 5, 60, 180, and 480 seconds for an intercritical annealing temperature of 820℃ were ad...Continuous annealing simulation tests were conducted by using a continuous annealing thermomechanical simulator. Holding times of 5, 60, 180, and 480 seconds for an intercritical annealing temperature of 820℃ were adopted to investigate the evolution of the mierostructure and mechanical properties of ferrite-bainite dual-phase steel. The ferrite-bainite dual-phase steel was characterized by high strength and low yield ratio due to the presence of the constituents （polygonal ferrite, bainite, martensite and retained austenite） of the steel microstructure. Specimen 3 exhibits the highest value of A50 （7.67%） and a product of Rm × A50 （10453MPa%） after a 180s holding. This is likely attributed to the presence of a C-enriched retained anstenite in the microstructure. And the effect of martensite islands and carbide precipitate is thought to be able to contribute in strengthening the present steel. It is expected that equilibrium of anstenite fraction would be reached for reasonable intercritical holding period, regardless of the heating temperature. The results suggest that long increasing holding times may not be needed because the major phase of the microstructure does not change very significantly. It is favorable for industrial production of DP steels to shorten holding times. Key words： ferrite-bainite dual-phase steel; holding time; martensite islands; mechanical properties展开更多
Insulation is one of the most important parts in a high voltage equipment.There are gaseous,liquid and solid insulations which are commonly used.In a high voltage transformer for example the insulating materials are a...Insulation is one of the most important parts in a high voltage equipment.There are gaseous,liquid and solid insulations which are commonly used.In a high voltage transformer for example the insulating materials are all used.During operation of a high voltage equipment high electric stress may occur.Under extreme condition failure of the insulation may take place.Excessive electric field in air may cause corona discharges while in liquid insulation discharges may take place in the form of streamer.This paper reports experimental results on the corona and streamer discharges in air and silicone oil.The discharges were artificially generated around a needle tip in a needle-plane electrode system with gap length of 4 mm under sinusoidal and triangular voltages.The needle was made of steel with tip radius of 3 μm and curvature angle of 30°.The needle was made by Ogura Jewelry.The discharge pulses were measured using personal-computer based partial discharge(PD)measurement system with sensitivity of better than 0.5 pC.The system is able to measure discharge in time sequential.Phase-resolved analysis of the discharges was done to interpret the physical processes behind the discharges.The experimental results showed that corona discharges took place at negative half cycles.The discharges were concentrated around 270° of phase angle of applied voltage.The discharge magnitude and discharge number of corona clearly dependent on the instantaneous of applied voltage.These were strongly supported by the application of triangular voltage.Streamer discharges occurred at both positive and negative half cycles.The discharges pulses concentrated around the peak of applied voltage at phase angle of 90° and 270°.Experimental results under sinusoidal and triangular voltages revealed that streamer discharge magnitude as well as probability of occurrence was strongly dependent on the instantaneous applied voltage.展开更多
For poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)(PFO),β phase (coplanar conformation with the intra-chain torsion angle of 165°) has a greater conjugation length and higher degree of order compared to those of α phase, which favo...For poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)(PFO),β phase (coplanar conformation with the intra-chain torsion angle of 165°) has a greater conjugation length and higher degree of order compared to those of α phase, which favors charge carrier transport. However, the highest content of β phase obtained so far is 45%. We propose to increase the content of β phase by promoting the solution aggregation of PFO molecules and extending film-forming time. For this purpose, 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) is added to PFO o-xylene solution, which enhances the interaction of PFO chains and improves the planarity of PFO backbone, resulting in the formation of ordered aggregation. The aggregates act as nucleation centers to promote the formation of β phase. The content of β phase increases with increasing DIO concentration and reaches a platform of 39% as DIO is more than 4 vol%. Furthermore, the film is kept in a sealed environment with oxylene atmosphere for 3 h, thus the PFO molecules have enough time to diffuse to the crystallization front and achieve disorder-order transition. As a result, the crystallinity of PFO is improved significantly and the content of β phase increases to 52%, reaching the highest value reported so far.展开更多
With the help of the time-dependent gauge transformation technique, we have studied the geometric phase of a spin-half particle in a rotating magnetic field. We have found that the slow but finite frequency of the rot...With the help of the time-dependent gauge transformation technique, we have studied the geometric phase of a spin-half particle in a rotating magnetic field. We have found that the slow but finite frequency of the rotating magnetic field will make the difference between the adiabatic geometric phase and the exact geometric phase. When the frequency is much smaller than the energy space and the adiabatic condition is perfectly guaranteed, the adiabatic approximation geometric phase is exactly consistent with the adiabatic geometric phase. A simple relation for the accuracy of the adiabatic approximation is given in terms of the changing rate of the frequency of the rotating magnetic field and the energy level space.展开更多
This paper investigates the correlation between stochastic resonance （SR） and the average phase-synchronization time which is between the input signal and the output signal in a bistable system driven by colour-corr...This paper investigates the correlation between stochastic resonance （SR） and the average phase-synchronization time which is between the input signal and the output signal in a bistable system driven by colour-correlated noises. The results show that the output signal-to-noise ratio can reach a maximum with the increase of the average phase- synchronization time, which may be helpful for understanding the principle of SR from the point of synchronization; however, SR and the maximum of the average phase-synchronization time appear at different optimal noise level, moreover, the effects on them of additive and multiplicative noise are different.展开更多
The problem of reconstructing a signalφ（x） from its magnitude ｜φ（x）] isof considerable interest to engineers and physicists. This article concerns the problem of determining a time-limited signal f with period ...The problem of reconstructing a signalφ（x） from its magnitude ｜φ（x）] isof considerable interest to engineers and physicists. This article concerns the problem of determining a time-limited signal f with period 2π when ｜f（eix）l is known for x∈[-π,π]. It is shown that the conditions ｜g（eix）｜ = ｜f（eix）｜ and ｜g（ci（x＋b）） -g（eix）｜ =f（ei（x＋b）） - f（eix）｜, b ≠ 27π, together imply that either g = wf or g = v f, where both w and v have period b. Furthermore, if b/2π is irrational then the functions w and v b is rational then w takes the form reduce to some constants c1 and c2, respectively; ifb/2π is rational then w takes the form w=elexB1（e1x）B2（elx）and v takes the form ei（x2πN/b＋a）B1（elx）B2（elx）,where B1 and B2 are Blaschke products.展开更多
Background: Obstacle crossing is the common reason of falling in older adults. Anticipatory postural adjustments phase (APAP) and reaction time phase (RTP) are two important factors in falling prediction. According to...Background: Obstacle crossing is the common reason of falling in older adults. Anticipatory postural adjustments phase (APAP) and reaction time phase (RTP) are two important factors in falling prediction. According to previous studies, these parameters increase in older adults at high risk falling. This study explored the effect of aging on APAP and RTP in obstacle negotiation. Method: Nineteen older adults (mean age: 66.73 ± 3.38 years) and twelve young adults (mean age: 26.5 ± 4.37 years), participated in this study. Participants take part in gait initiation task from a starting position on a force platform under two conditions, unobstructed and obstructed (obstacle placed at 1 m from the initial position). RTP and APAP were measured and Timed “Up” & “Go” test (TUG) as a functional test, recorded for all participants. Results: There was no significant difference between healthy young and older adults in RTP and APAP in the unobstructed and obstructed conditions. TUG test was the most sensitive indicator of falling between two groups. Conclusion: Information processing capacity for motor planning and proper strategy selection in pre crossing phase of obstacle negotiation did not have significant difference in healthy old and young groups. Maybe in respect to select healthy older adults without any neurological disorders and cognitive impairments, low attention demand of well learned walking and obstacle negotiation tasks, lead to perform both postural task more automatically and without any significant difference detection.展开更多
This paper introduces a real-time high precision measurement of phase difference based on Field Programmable Gate Array（FPGA） technology,which has been successfully applied to laser grating interference measurement ...This paper introduces a real-time high precision measurement of phase difference based on Field Programmable Gate Array（FPGA） technology,which has been successfully applied to laser grating interference measurement and real-time feedback of plasma electron density in HL-2A tokamak.It can track the changes of electron density while setting the starting point of the density curve to zero.In a laboratory test,the measuring accuracy of phase difference is less than 0.1°,the time resolution is 80 ns,and the feedback delay is 180 μs.展开更多
In the gravitational field of central mass with electric and magnetic charges and magnetic moment （CM spacetime）, this paper calculates the interference phase of mass neutrino along geodesic in the radial direction,...In the gravitational field of central mass with electric and magnetic charges and magnetic moment （CM spacetime）, this paper calculates the interference phase of mass neutrino along geodesic in the radial direction, and discusses the contribution of the electric and magnetic charges and magnetic moment of the central mass to the phase.展开更多
Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) is a key block used as the phase/frequency detector in an All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL). Usually, it occupies a large proportion of ADPLL's total power consumption up to abo...Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) is a key block used as the phase/frequency detector in an All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL). Usually, it occupies a large proportion of ADPLL's total power consumption up to about 30% to 40%. In this paper, the detailed power consumption of different components in the TDC is analyzed. A Power Management Block (PMB) is presented for the TDC to reduce its power consumption. A 24-bits TDC core with the proposed PMB is implemented in HJTC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Simulation results show that up to 84% power reduction is achieved using our proposed technique.展开更多
文摘To understand the physical meaning of phase time further more, we discuss the reflection phase time of quantum-particles passing though a potential well It is shown that the reflection phase time is equal to the transmission phase time in value and negative under certain conditions for a square potential well by analyzing While quantum-particles passing through the potential well, we think that this course can be described only with the velocity of energy of quantum mechanics whether or not they are reflected or transmitted eventually
文摘The phase time of p-polarized light pulses passing through a glass plate is investigated. We do this by converting the problem into a l-dimensional quantum-mechanical counterpart, a potential well with a position-dependent effective mass. We find that the phase time and the lateral shift have the negative characteristics.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China!( 6 9870 0 9)by the Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipal
文摘The properties of phase time taken for particles to pass through a quantum potential well are investigated. It is found in a 1 dimensional quantum mechanical problem that the phase time is negative when the incident energy and the thickness of potential well satisfy certain conditions. Similar results are also found in a 2 dimensional fully relativistic optical analog. It is shown that the expression of the la teral shift of transmitted optical waves is similar to that of the phase time in the 1 dimensional quantum mechanical problem. The phase time in the 2 dimensional optical problem is also shown to be negative under certain conditions.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71271078)National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program, Grant No. 2009AA04Z414)Integration of Industry, Education and Research of Guangdong Province, and Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 2009B090300312)
文摘When used for separating multi-component non-stationary signals, the adaptive time-varying filter(ATF) based on multi-scale chirplet sparse signal decomposition(MCSSD) generates phase shift and signal distortion. To overcome this drawback, the zero phase filter is introduced to the mentioned filter, and a fault diagnosis method for speed-changing gearbox is proposed. Firstly, the gear meshing frequency of each gearbox is estimated by chirplet path pursuit. Then, according to the estimated gear meshing frequencies, an adaptive zero phase time-varying filter(AZPTF) is designed to filter the original signal. Finally, the basis for fault diagnosis is acquired by the envelope order analysis to the filtered signal. The signal consisting of two time-varying amplitude modulation and frequency modulation(AM-FM) signals is respectively analyzed by ATF and AZPTF based on MCSSD. The simulation results show the variances between the original signals and the filtered signals yielded by AZPTF based on MCSSD are 13.67 and 41.14, which are far less than variances (323.45 and 482.86) between the original signals and the filtered signals obtained by ATF based on MCSSD. The experiment results on the vibration signals of gearboxes indicate that the vibration signals of the two speed-changing gearboxes installed on one foundation bed can be separated by AZPTF effectively. Based on the demodulation information of the vibration signal of each gearbox, the fault diagnosis can be implemented. Both simulation and experiment examples prove that the proposed filter can extract a mono-component time-varying AM-FM signal from the multi-component time-varying AM-FM signal without distortion.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11750110411 and 11274132
文摘We study the tunneling time of ultracold V-type atoms interacting a high quality microwave cavity. Here atomic coherence is introduced in the system by a strong driving field which couples the two lower states of the three-level atom. It is found that in the presence of coherence, mazer action or the scattering like nature of the interaction may be examined for extended energies of the incident cold atoms. Our results show that position and amplitudes of the peak values of the phase time(traversal time) may be very effectively controlled by the coherent driving field. Further, here we obtained superclassical values of the phase time corresponding to much higher values of the transmission amplitudes of the tunneling atoms which may be advantageous in the possible experimental realization of the superclassical tunneling time of the traversing cold atoms. In addition, we examine a mirror reflection type symmetry in the phase time curve for a judicious choice of the external driving field.
文摘The main purpose of this paper is to generalize the effect of two-phased demand and variable deterioration within the EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) framework. The rate of deterioration is a linear function of time. The two-phased demand function states the constant function for a certain period and the quadratic function of time for the rest part of the cycle time. No shortages as well as partial backlogging are allowed to occur. The mathematical expressions are derived for determining the optimal cycle time, order quantity and total cost function. An easy-to-use working procedure is provided to calculate the above quantities. A couple of numerical examples are cited to explain the theoretical results and sensitivity analysis of some selected examples is carried out.
文摘Airborne Distributed Coherent Aperture Radar(ADCAR)is one of the most promising next-generation radars to significantly improve target detection and discrimination abilities.However,time and phase synchronization among unit radars should be done before an ADCAR is intended to cohere on a potential target.To address this problem,a time and phase synchronization technique using clutter observations is proposed in this paper.Clutter returns from different azimuths and elevations on the surface of the earth are employed to calibrate system uncertainties.Two stages are mainly considered:a scene registration among range-Doppler units from different transmit/receive pairs is performed to enhance the clutter coherence in the first stage,followed by a joint estimation of those synchronization errors in the second stage.To relieve the computational burden,a novel Separable and Sequential Estimation(SSE)method is provided to separate the unknowns at the sacrifice of a range-Doppler unit.Moreover,performance analyses including the clutter coherence ability,estimation lower bound,and signal coherence loss are also performed.Finally,simulation results indicate that ADCAR time and phase synchronization is realized by using our methods.
文摘AIM To optimize the hepatobiliary phase delay time(HBPDT) of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(GED-MRI) for more efficient identification of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) occurring in different degrees of cirrhosis assessed by Child-Pugh(CP) score.METHODS The liver parenchyma signal intensity(LPSI), the liver parenchyma(LP)/HCC signal ratios, and the visibility of HCC at HBP-DT of 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 min(i.e., DT-5, DT-10, DT-15, DT-20, and DT-25) after injection of GdEOB-DTPA were collected and analyzed in 73 patients with cirrhosis of different degrees of severity(including 42 patients suffering from HCC) and 18 healthy adult controls.RESULTS The LPSI increased with HBP-DT more significantly in the healthy group than in the cirrhosis group(F = 17.361, P < 0.001). The LP/HCC signal ratios had a significant difference(F = 12.453, P < 0.001) among various HBP-DT points, as well as between CP-A and CP-B/C subgroups(F = 9.761, P < 0.001). The constituent ratios of HCC foci identified as obvious hypointensity(+++), moderate hypointensity(++), and mild hypointensity or isointensity(+/-) kept stable from DT-10 to DT-25: 90.6%, 9.4%, and 0.0% in the CP-A subgroup; 50.0%, 50.0%, and 0.0% in the CP-B subgroup; and 0.0%, 0.0%, and 100.0% in the CP-C subgroup, respectively.CONCLUSION The severity of liver cirrhosis has significant negative influence on the HCC visualization by GED-MRI. DT-10 is more efficient and practical than other HBP-DT points to identify most of HCC foci emerging in CP-A cirrhosis, as well as in CP-B cirrhosis; but an HBP-DT of 15 min or longer seems more appropriate than DT-10 for visualization of HCC in patients with CP-C cirrhosis.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No 10475053）
文摘In this paper, we investigate the Berry phase of two coupled arbitrary spins driven by a time-varying magnetic field where the Hamiltonian is explicitly tlme-dependent. Using a technique of time-dependent gauge transform the Berry phase and time-evolution operator are found explicitly in the adiabatic approximation. The general solutions for arbitrary spins are applied to the spin-1/2 system as an example of explanation.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB0800401)in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants Nos.61621003,61532020&11472290)。
文摘Global navigation satellite system(GNSS)carrier phase observations are two orders of higher accuracy than pseudo-range observations,and they are less affected by multipath besides.As a result,the time transfer accuracy can reach 0.1 ns,and the frequency transfer stability can reach 1×10^-15 with carrier phase(CP)method,therefore CP method is considered the most accurate and promising time transfer technology.The focus of this paper is to present a comprehensive summary of CP method,with specific attention directed toward day-boundary clock jump,ambiguity resolution(AR),multi-system time transfer and real-time time transfer.Day-boundary clock jump is essentially caused by pseudo-range noise.Several approaches were proposed to solve the problem,such as continuously processing strategy,sliding batch and bidirectional filtering methods which were compared in this study.Additionally,researches on AR in CP method were introduced.Many scholars attempted to fix the single-difference ambiguities to improve the time transfer result,however,owing to the uncalibrated phase delay(UPD)was not considered,the current studies on AR in CP method were still immature.Moreover,because four GNSS systems could be used for time-transfer currently,which was helpful to increase the accuracy and reliability,the researches on multi-system time transfer were reviewed.What’s more,real-time time transfer attracted more attention nowadays,the preliminary research results were presented.
基金Founded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51004037)Shenyang City Application Basic Research Project(No.F13-316-1-15)State Key Laboratory Opening Project of Northeastern University(No.12SYS05)
文摘Continuous annealing simulation tests were conducted by using a continuous annealing thermomechanical simulator. Holding times of 5, 60, 180, and 480 seconds for an intercritical annealing temperature of 820℃ were adopted to investigate the evolution of the mierostructure and mechanical properties of ferrite-bainite dual-phase steel. The ferrite-bainite dual-phase steel was characterized by high strength and low yield ratio due to the presence of the constituents （polygonal ferrite, bainite, martensite and retained austenite） of the steel microstructure. Specimen 3 exhibits the highest value of A50 （7.67%） and a product of Rm × A50 （10453MPa%） after a 180s holding. This is likely attributed to the presence of a C-enriched retained anstenite in the microstructure. And the effect of martensite islands and carbide precipitate is thought to be able to contribute in strengthening the present steel. It is expected that equilibrium of anstenite fraction would be reached for reasonable intercritical holding period, regardless of the heating temperature. The results suggest that long increasing holding times may not be needed because the major phase of the microstructure does not change very significantly. It is favorable for industrial production of DP steels to shorten holding times. Key words： ferrite-bainite dual-phase steel; holding time; martensite islands; mechanical properties
文摘Insulation is one of the most important parts in a high voltage equipment.There are gaseous,liquid and solid insulations which are commonly used.In a high voltage transformer for example the insulating materials are all used.During operation of a high voltage equipment high electric stress may occur.Under extreme condition failure of the insulation may take place.Excessive electric field in air may cause corona discharges while in liquid insulation discharges may take place in the form of streamer.This paper reports experimental results on the corona and streamer discharges in air and silicone oil.The discharges were artificially generated around a needle tip in a needle-plane electrode system with gap length of 4 mm under sinusoidal and triangular voltages.The needle was made of steel with tip radius of 3 μm and curvature angle of 30°.The needle was made by Ogura Jewelry.The discharge pulses were measured using personal-computer based partial discharge(PD)measurement system with sensitivity of better than 0.5 pC.The system is able to measure discharge in time sequential.Phase-resolved analysis of the discharges was done to interpret the physical processes behind the discharges.The experimental results showed that corona discharges took place at negative half cycles.The discharges were concentrated around 270° of phase angle of applied voltage.The discharge magnitude and discharge number of corona clearly dependent on the instantaneous of applied voltage.These were strongly supported by the application of triangular voltage.Streamer discharges occurred at both positive and negative half cycles.The discharges pulses concentrated around the peak of applied voltage at phase angle of 90° and 270°.Experimental results under sinusoidal and triangular voltages revealed that streamer discharge magnitude as well as probability of occurrence was strongly dependent on the instantaneous applied voltage.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51890871, 91833306, and 51573185)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB12020300)
文摘For poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)(PFO),β phase (coplanar conformation with the intra-chain torsion angle of 165°) has a greater conjugation length and higher degree of order compared to those of α phase, which favors charge carrier transport. However, the highest content of β phase obtained so far is 45%. We propose to increase the content of β phase by promoting the solution aggregation of PFO molecules and extending film-forming time. For this purpose, 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) is added to PFO o-xylene solution, which enhances the interaction of PFO chains and improves the planarity of PFO backbone, resulting in the formation of ordered aggregation. The aggregates act as nucleation centers to promote the formation of β phase. The content of β phase increases with increasing DIO concentration and reaches a platform of 39% as DIO is more than 4 vol%. Furthermore, the film is kept in a sealed environment with oxylene atmosphere for 3 h, thus the PFO molecules have enough time to diffuse to the crystallization front and achieve disorder-order transition. As a result, the crystallinity of PFO is improved significantly and the content of β phase increases to 52%, reaching the highest value reported so far.
基金Project supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China （Grant No 2006CB921603）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 10444002 and 10674087）7 the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province （Grant No 2006011004）7 the Shanxi Provincial Foundation for Returned Scholars the Scientific Research Foundation of the State Human Resource Ministry for Returned Chinese Scholars, and the Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned 0verseas Chinese Scholars, Ministry of Education of China.
文摘With the help of the time-dependent gauge transformation technique, we have studied the geometric phase of a spin-half particle in a rotating magnetic field. We have found that the slow but finite frequency of the rotating magnetic field will make the difference between the adiabatic geometric phase and the exact geometric phase. When the frequency is much smaller than the energy space and the adiabatic condition is perfectly guaranteed, the adiabatic approximation geometric phase is exactly consistent with the adiabatic geometric phase. A simple relation for the accuracy of the adiabatic approximation is given in terms of the changing rate of the frequency of the rotating magnetic field and the energy level space.
文摘This paper investigates the correlation between stochastic resonance （SR） and the average phase-synchronization time which is between the input signal and the output signal in a bistable system driven by colour-correlated noises. The results show that the output signal-to-noise ratio can reach a maximum with the increase of the average phase- synchronization time, which may be helpful for understanding the principle of SR from the point of synchronization; however, SR and the maximum of the average phase-synchronization time appear at different optimal noise level, moreover, the effects on them of additive and multiplicative noise are different.
基金Supported by Foundation of Hubei Educational Committee (Q20091004)NSFC (10771053)+1 种基金the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (SRFDP) (20060512001)Natural Science 373 Foundation of Hubei Province (2007ABA139)
文摘The problem of reconstructing a signalφ（x） from its magnitude ｜φ（x）] isof considerable interest to engineers and physicists. This article concerns the problem of determining a time-limited signal f with period 2π when ｜f（eix）l is known for x∈[-π,π]. It is shown that the conditions ｜g（eix）｜ = ｜f（eix）｜ and ｜g（ci（x＋b）） -g（eix）｜ =f（ei（x＋b）） - f（eix）｜, b ≠ 27π, together imply that either g = wf or g = v f, where both w and v have period b. Furthermore, if b/2π is irrational then the functions w and v b is rational then w takes the form reduce to some constants c1 and c2, respectively; ifb/2π is rational then w takes the form w=elexB1（e1x）B2（elx）and v takes the form ei（x2πN/b＋a）B1（elx）B2（elx）,where B1 and B2 are Blaschke products.
文摘Background: Obstacle crossing is the common reason of falling in older adults. Anticipatory postural adjustments phase (APAP) and reaction time phase (RTP) are two important factors in falling prediction. According to previous studies, these parameters increase in older adults at high risk falling. This study explored the effect of aging on APAP and RTP in obstacle negotiation. Method: Nineteen older adults (mean age: 66.73 ± 3.38 years) and twelve young adults (mean age: 26.5 ± 4.37 years), participated in this study. Participants take part in gait initiation task from a starting position on a force platform under two conditions, unobstructed and obstructed (obstacle placed at 1 m from the initial position). RTP and APAP were measured and Timed “Up” & “Go” test (TUG) as a functional test, recorded for all participants. Results: There was no significant difference between healthy young and older adults in RTP and APAP in the unobstructed and obstructed conditions. TUG test was the most sensitive indicator of falling between two groups. Conclusion: Information processing capacity for motor planning and proper strategy selection in pre crossing phase of obstacle negotiation did not have significant difference in healthy old and young groups. Maybe in respect to select healthy older adults without any neurological disorders and cognitive impairments, low attention demand of well learned walking and obstacle negotiation tasks, lead to perform both postural task more automatically and without any significant difference detection.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11375195,11075048)the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(No.2013GB104003)
文摘This paper introduces a real-time high precision measurement of phase difference based on Field Programmable Gate Array（FPGA） technology,which has been successfully applied to laser grating interference measurement and real-time feedback of plasma electron density in HL-2A tokamak.It can track the changes of electron density while setting the starting point of the density curve to zero.In a laboratory test,the measuring accuracy of phase difference is less than 0.1°,the time resolution is 80 ns,and the feedback delay is 180 μs.
基金Project supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No 2003CB716300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 10873004)+1 种基金the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (Grant No 08B051)the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Normal University
文摘In the gravitational field of central mass with electric and magnetic charges and magnetic moment （CM spacetime）, this paper calculates the interference phase of mass neutrino along geodesic in the radial direction, and discusses the contribution of the electric and magnetic charges and magnetic moment of the central mass to the phase.
基金Supported by the Tsinghua National Laboratory for Information Science and Technology(TNList)Cross-Discipline Foundationthe National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2010ZX03006-003-01)
文摘Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) is a key block used as the phase/frequency detector in an All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL). Usually, it occupies a large proportion of ADPLL's total power consumption up to about 30% to 40%. In this paper, the detailed power consumption of different components in the TDC is analyzed. A Power Management Block (PMB) is presented for the TDC to reduce its power consumption. A 24-bits TDC core with the proposed PMB is implemented in HJTC 0.18 μm CMOS technology. Simulation results show that up to 84% power reduction is achieved using our proposed technique.
