Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin, this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differen...Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin, this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differences in geochemical features. According to the characteristics and differences in oil and gas phase, the petroleum system can be divided into five categories： oil reservoir, wet gas reservoir, condensate gas-rich reservoir, condensate gas-poor reservoir and dry gas reservoir. The causes for the diversities in oil and gas phases include diversities of the sources of parent material, maturity of natural gas and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation of different hydrocarbon phases. On the whole, the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial source rocks are the main sources for the hydrocarbon in the Kuqa Depression. The small differences in parent material may cause diversities in oil and gas amount, but the impact is small. The differences in oil and gas phase are mainly affected by maturity and the accumulation process, which closely relates with each other. Oil and gas at different thermal evolution stage can be captured in different accumulation process.展开更多
The phase states of the catalytic system of FeCl3-Al（i-Bu）3-pyridine are studied in the paper by means of the Tyndall effect, electron microscopy and super-filtration. It is found that the catalyst dispersing in the...The phase states of the catalytic system of FeCl3-Al（i-Bu）3-pyridine are studied in the paper by means of the Tyndall effect, electron microscopy and super-filtration. It is found that the catalyst dispersing in the butadienehydrogasoline solution exists in small particles and the size of particle is 30 nm or so in diameter. The catalyst belongs to a multi-phase catalytic system. The active center of catalyst lies on the surface of nanometer particles, which are amorphous. The ratios of different components of catalyst affect the formation of the particles. With the optimum ratio, nanometer particles, which disperse more uniformly and are of highly catalytic activity, can be obtained.展开更多
Deep and ultra-deep layers in the petroliferous basins of China are characterized by large temperature difference and complicated thermal evolution history.The control effects of temperature and thermal evolution hist...Deep and ultra-deep layers in the petroliferous basins of China are characterized by large temperature difference and complicated thermal evolution history.The control effects of temperature and thermal evolution history on the differences of hydrocarbon phase states and the hydrocarbon generation history in deep and ultra-deep layers are researched less and unsystematically.To deal with this situation,based on a large number of temperature and pressure data of deeplayers and combined with the complicated historical situation of deep layer evolution in the oil and gas basins of China,the effects of temperature,heating time and pressure on the hydrocarbon formation temperature and phase state were analyzed,and the types of temperature and pressure relationships were classified.Finally,based on the classification of thermal evolution history of deep and ultra-deep layers,We discussed the control effects of basin thermal evolution history on the hydrocarbon generation and phase state,and the following research results were obtained.First,the hydrocarbon phase states of deep layers in different basins and regions are greatly different,and they are mainly affected by temperature,heating time,heating rate,pressure,source rock types and other factors.And temperature is the most important factor controlling hydrocarbon generation and phase state distribution.Second,under the conditions of rapid temperature increasing and short heating time,there still maybe oil reservoirs and condensate gas reservoirs in deep and ultra-deep layersin thecase ofhigh temperature.Third,overpressureinhibitshydrocarbon generationand pyrolysis.Fourth,thereis a closerelationship betweentemperature and formation pressure of deeplayers,whichcan be divided into three types,i.e.,lowemedium temperature and high pressure type,high temperature and high pressure type,and medium temperature and lowemedium pressure type.Fifth,the thermal evolution history of deep and ultra-deep layers can be divided into four types,namely the late rapid subsidence,heating and low geothermal gradient type,the late rapid subsidence,heating and high geothermal gradient type,the middleelate rapid heating and late uplifting and cooling type,and the early great subsidence and rapid heating and middleelate great uplift erosion and cooling type.In conclusion,deep and ultra-deep layers in the basins with different types of thermal history are different in hydrocarbon phase states,accumulation stages and prospects.展开更多
We show that the Susskind-Glogower phase state is a limiting case of a kind of SU（1,1） coherent states. By analogy, based on the bipartite entangled state representation （ESR） we demonstrate that an appropriate SU...We show that the Susskind-Glogower phase state is a limiting case of a kind of SU（1,1） coherent states. By analogy, based on the bipartite entangled state representation （ESR） we demonstrate that an appropriate SU（1,1） coherent state composed of the two-mode unitary phase operator e^i also leads to a new phase state in two-mode Fock space, e^i is diagonalized in the ESR.展开更多
In the mutual transform between the number-difference state and the phase state corresponding to the operational phase operator we find that there exists an end-point ambiguousness. This problem can be avoided by Ligh...In the mutual transform between the number-difference state and the phase state corresponding to the operational phase operator we find that there exists an end-point ambiguousness. This problem can be avoided by Lighthill's method.展开更多
Starting from Wigner’s definition of the function named now after him we systematically develop different representation of this quasiprobability with emphasis on symmetric representations concerning the canonical va...Starting from Wigner’s definition of the function named now after him we systematically develop different representation of this quasiprobability with emphasis on symmetric representations concerning the canonical variables (q,p) of phase space and using the known relation to the parity operator. One of the representations is by means of the Laguerre 2D polynomials which is particularly effective in quantum optics. For the coherent states we show that their Fourier transforms are again coherent states. We calculate the Wigner quasiprobability to the eigenstates of a particle in a square well with infinitely high impenetrable walls which is not smooth in the spatial coordinate and vanishes outside the wall boundaries. It is not well suited for the calculation of expectation values. A great place takes on the calculation of the Wigner quasiprobability for coherent phase states in quantum optics which is essentially new. We show that an unorthodox entire function plays there a role in most formulae which makes all calculations difficult. The Wigner quasiprobability for coherent phase states is calculated and graphically represented but due to the involved unorthodox function it may be considered only as illustration and is not suited for the calculation of expectation values. By another approach via the number representation of the states and using the recently developed summation formula by means of Generalized Eulerian numbers it becomes possible to calculate in approximations with good convergence the basic expectation values, in particular, the basic uncertainties which are additionally represented in graphics. Both considered examples, the square well and the coherent phase states, belong to systems with SU (1,1) symmetry with the same index K=1/2 of unitary irreducible representations.展开更多
Machine learning has rapidly become a powerful tool for addressing challenges in ultracold atomic systems;however,its application to intricate three-dimensional(3D)systems remains relatively underexplored.In this stud...Machine learning has rapidly become a powerful tool for addressing challenges in ultracold atomic systems;however,its application to intricate three-dimensional(3D)systems remains relatively underexplored.In this study,we introduce a3D residual network(3D Res Net)framework based on 3D convolutional neural networks(3D CNN)to predict ground states phases in 3D dipolar spinor Bose–Einstein condensates(BECs).Our results show that the 3D Res Net framework predicts ground states with high accuracy and efficiency across a broad parameter space.To enhance phase transition predictions,we incorporate data augmentation techniques,leading to a notable improvement in the model's performance.The method is further validated in more complex scenarios,particularly when transverse magnetic fields are introduced.Compared to conventional imaginary-time evolution methods(ITEM),the 3D Res Net drastically reduces computational costs,offering a rapid and scalable solution for complex 3D multi-parameter nonlinear systems.展开更多
The reservoired petroleum fluids in the deep Ordovician carbonates in the Tazhong area,Tarim Basin,exhibit diverse and intricate geochemical properties and petroleum phases.However,the study on the causal mechanisms f...The reservoired petroleum fluids in the deep Ordovician carbonates in the Tazhong area,Tarim Basin,exhibit diverse and intricate geochemical properties and petroleum phases.However,the study on the causal mechanisms for the genesis of co-existed complex petroleum phases and their distribution remains relatively limited.The quantitative assessment of changes in molecular compounds in petroleum pools influenced by secondary alteration to different degrees also needs further investigation.In this study,eight samples including condensate,volatile,and black oil from the Tazhong area were analyzed via GC×GC-TOFMS.The results reveal that condensate oil exhibits complete normal alkane distribution,with abundant diamantanes and organic sulfur compounds(OSCs),and features high density(>0.83 g/cm^(3)),elevated wax content(>20%),and remarkable gas washing loss.The condensate gas is characterized by highly mature oil-cracking gas with a heavy carbon isotope.Geological analysis indicates that the current Ordovician reservoir temperatures generally remain below 140℃,which is insufficient to induce in-situ oil cracking.Additionally,black oil pools are formed adjacent to the condensate gas pools,suggesting that the latter is not a result of in-situ oil cracking,but rather represents a secondary condensate gas pool formed through gas invasion of a pre-existed oil pool.Based on the loss of n-alkanes and variations in adamantanes(As)and diamantanes(Ds)content across different oil samples,the degree of gas invasion was assessed.We divided gas invasion intensity into strong(Q≥80%,As≥5000μg/g,Ds≥400μg/g),weak(20%≤Q<80%,3000μg/g≤As<5000μg/g,200μg/g≤Ds<400μg/g)and negligible(0≤Q<20%,As<3000μg/g,Ds<200μg/g).The multistage oil/gas charging events,specifically the sequence of“early oil and late gas”in the Ordovician from the Tazhong area,predominantly drives the phase evolution of reservoired petroleum.Furthermore,differential gas invasion alteration exacerbates the intricacy of petroleum phase distribution.Notably,gas washing processes significantly influence the disparate enrichment of diamondoids homologues in crude oil.Specifically,lower carbon number diamondoids are more abundant in condensate oil,while higher ones exhibit relatively increased abundance in black oil,potentially serving as a valuable quantitative assessment parameter.The findings in this study will provide guiding significance for the analysis and quantitative assessment of deep petroleum phase diversity.Additionally,this research will provide novel insights for comprehensively evaluating basins worldwide with complex petroleum phases distribution.展开更多
Accurate determination of the moisture content in maize kernels conduces to screen maize germplasm materials with efficient dehydration.Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR)single-kernel non-destructive testing...Accurate determination of the moisture content in maize kernels conduces to screen maize germplasm materials with efficient dehydration.Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR)single-kernel non-destructive testing technology was used to determine the moisture content at different phase states in the kernels for selected types of maize.The NMR T 2 relaxation inversion spectrum was monitored in maize kernels to determine the variation in the moisture content in different phase states with time.The total water and free water peaked at the filling stage of the maize kernels and then declined to a minimum at physiological maturity.The semi-bound water generally increased to a long-lasting peak in the dough stage and then declined.The bound water increased from kernel formation to maturity and then remained stable.The contents of total water,free water,semi-bound water,and bound water had significant differences among kernel types but not among varieties of the same type.The contents of semi-bound water and free water were linearly correlated with the dehydration rates of the kernels.The results of this study can provide a means for creating new germplasm materials.展开更多
The phase transformation activation energy of the Cu61.13Zn33.94A14.93 alloys, which were treated at 4 GPa and 700 ℃ for 15 minutes, was calculated by means of differential scanning calorimetry curves obtained at var...The phase transformation activation energy of the Cu61.13Zn33.94A14.93 alloys, which were treated at 4 GPa and 700 ℃ for 15 minutes, was calculated by means of differential scanning calorimetry curves obtained at various heating and cooling rates. Then, the effects of high-pressure heat treatments on the solid-state phase transformation and the microstructures of Cu61.13Zn33.94A14.93 alloys were investigated. The results show that high-pressure heat treatments can refine the grains and can change the preferred orientation from （111） to （200） of α phase. Compared with the as-cast alloy, the sample with high-pressure heat treatment has finer grains, lower β＇→β and/β→β＇ transformation temperature and activation energy. Furthermore, we found that high cooling rate favours the formation of fine needle-like α phase in the range of 5-20℃/min.展开更多
We investigate phase diffusion of a two-component Bose--Einstein condensates prepared initially in arbitrary coherent spin state ｜θ0,φ0｜. Analytical expression of the phase-diffusion time is presented for θ0～π/...We investigate phase diffusion of a two-component Bose--Einstein condensates prepared initially in arbitrary coherent spin state ｜θ0,φ0｜. Analytical expression of the phase-diffusion time is presented for θ0～π/2 case. In comparison with the symmetrical case （i.e., θ0=π/2）, we find that the diffusion process becomes slow due to the reduced atom number variance.展开更多
The three-parameter Petal-Teja equation of state coupled with a characterization proceduref0r C<sub>7+</sub>-fraction based on gamma distribution function was employed to predict the phase behaviorof eight...The three-parameter Petal-Teja equation of state coupled with a characterization proceduref0r C<sub>7+</sub>-fraction based on gamma distribution function was employed to predict the phase behaviorof eight gas condensates.The lumping of the subdivided single carbon number（SCN）hydrocarbons inthe plus-fraction and the choice of empirical correlations for calculating the critical properties andacentric factor of SCN hydrocarbons were discussed.展开更多
PB Phase Coherent States are very important quantum states in quantum optics. In order to investigate the amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of PB Phase Coherent States, we introduce the algebraic properties of the PB phas...PB Phase Coherent States are very important quantum states in quantum optics. In order to investigate the amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of PB Phase Coherent States, we introduce the algebraic properties of the PB phase operator and the PB Phase Coherent States which are constructed by PB phase theory. We applied amplitude-Nth-power squeezing theory to define the Amplitude-Nth-Power Squeezing of PB Phase Coherent States and investigate the characteristic of the amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of PB Phase Coherent States. We obtained surprising results, in that the results were different from the other quantum states. As for |Z〉(PB Phase Coherent State), the results show that when Z is a real number there only exists amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of component; when Z is a complex number, there exists amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of component and component; when Z is a pure imaginary number, if N is odd, then there does not exist amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of component, but there exists amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of component and if N is even, then there exists amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of component, but there does not exist amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of component.展开更多
A new non-cubic equation of state is proposed for calculation of the thermodynamic properties ofnonpolar and polar fluids and their mixtures,including,saturated vapor pressure,saturated liquid volume,saturated vapor v...A new non-cubic equation of state is proposed for calculation of the thermodynamic properties ofnonpolar and polar fluids and their mixtures,including,saturated vapor pressure,saturated liquid volume,saturated vapor volume,heats of vaporization and vapor-liquid equilibria.The new equation is derived from thegeneralized van der Waals partition function in which the repulsive terms are expressed with the Carnahan andStarling equation for hard spheres,and the attractive terms are made up of the dispersive energy and theChemical association energy. The rules of dependence of parameters α and σ and on temperature are considered broadly so that the newequation yields good agreement with experimental saturated properties of 20 nonpolar and 27 polar fluids in therange of reduced temperatures of 0.5 to 1.0 The new equation with parameters group-contributed generally givessatisfactory predictions on saturated properties. Correlations of vapor-liquid equilibrium data for alcohol-containing systems by using van展开更多
A scheme is proposed to generate GHZ state and realize quantum phase gate for superconducting qubits placed in a microwave cavity. This scheme uses resonant interaction between the qubits and the cavity mode, so that ...A scheme is proposed to generate GHZ state and realize quantum phase gate for superconducting qubits placed in a microwave cavity. This scheme uses resonant interaction between the qubits and the cavity mode, so that the interaction time is short, which is important in view of decoherence. In particular, the phase gate can be realized simply with a single interaction between the qubits and the cavity mode. With cavity decay being considered, the fidelity and success probability are both very close to unity.展开更多
This paper discusses some statistical properties of the superposition of two coherent states with a vacuum state, such as sub-Poissonian photon statistics and negativity of the Wigner function. Phase probability distr...This paper discusses some statistical properties of the superposition of two coherent states with a vacuum state, such as sub-Poissonian photon statistics and negativity of the Wigner function. Phase probability distribution and phase variance are calculated. Special cases of the constructed superposition states are presented. The results show that depending on the vacuum state coefficient γ and the coherent state coefficient a, it can generate a variety of nonclassical states.展开更多
By virtue of the well-behaved properties of the bipartite entangled states representation, this paper analyse and solves some master equations for generalized phase diffusion models, which seems concise and effective....By virtue of the well-behaved properties of the bipartite entangled states representation, this paper analyse and solves some master equations for generalized phase diffusion models, which seems concise and effective. This method can also be applied to solve other master equations.展开更多
We propose the reference section method to obtain a geometric phase for the mixed states in nonunitary evolution. The reference connection on density operator space is defined. That the parallel transport method and r...We propose the reference section method to obtain a geometric phase for the mixed states in nonunitary evolution. The reference connection on density operator space is defined. That the parallel transport method and reference section method are essentially two aspects of in phase concept is pointed out.展开更多
In our previous work [Phys. Rev. A 85 （2012） 044102], we studied the Berry phase of the ground state and exited states in the Lipkin model. In this work, using the Hellmann-Feynman theorem, we derive the relation be...In our previous work [Phys. Rev. A 85 （2012） 044102], we studied the Berry phase of the ground state and exited states in the Lipkin model. In this work, using the Hellmann-Feynman theorem, we derive the relation between the energy gap and the Berry phase closed to the excited state quantum phase transition （ESQPT） in the Lipkin model. It is found that the energy gap is approximately linearly dependent on the Berry phase being closed to the ESQPT for large N. As a result, the critical behavior of the energy gap is similar to that of the Berry phase. In addition, we also perform a semiclassical qualitative analysis about the critical behavior of the energy gap.展开更多
Based on the tests of a build-up welding at plate edge (BWPE) and amulti-layer build-up welding on plate (MBWP), the article studies on the solid-state phasetransformations which affect welding distortion process and ...Based on the tests of a build-up welding at plate edge (BWPE) and amulti-layer build-up welding on plate (MBWP), the article studies on the solid-state phasetransformations which affect welding distortion process and on the influence rule of transformationstarting temperature (TST) of welded metal to the welding residual distortion. The weldingdistortion can be decreased or controlled by the transformation volume expansion caused bysolid-state phase transformation of welded metal during the cooling. The test results of BWPE showthat when TST is at about 190 deg C, the bending distortion of welded specimen is the smallest, andits displacements at free end are decreased to 58 percent and 67 percent compared with those ofconventional welding electrodes A102 and E5015, which TST are less than room temperature and equalto 758 deg C respectively. The test results of MBWP show that when TST were at 100 approx 250 deg C.the welded specimen would appear reversible bending distortion compared with those of A102 andE5015. The maximum deflection value of reversible bending distortion in 8 mm thick plate is -2.94 mmat about 170 deg C of TST. The test results provide a valuable method to decrease or to controlwelding residual distortion.展开更多
基金supported by the Tarim Oil Field Research InstituteNational Natural Science Foundation (sanctified number:40602016)National Key Basic Research and Development Projects (Itemnumber:113404GJ0003)
文摘Based on the analysis of the hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics in the Kuqa petroleum system of the Tarim Basin, this study discusses the causes and controlling factors of the phase diversities and their differences in geochemical features. According to the characteristics and differences in oil and gas phase, the petroleum system can be divided into five categories： oil reservoir, wet gas reservoir, condensate gas-rich reservoir, condensate gas-poor reservoir and dry gas reservoir. The causes for the diversities in oil and gas phases include diversities of the sources of parent material, maturity of natural gas and the process of hydrocarbon accumulation of different hydrocarbon phases. On the whole, the Jurassic and Triassic terrestrial source rocks are the main sources for the hydrocarbon in the Kuqa Depression. The small differences in parent material may cause diversities in oil and gas amount, but the impact is small. The differences in oil and gas phase are mainly affected by maturity and the accumulation process, which closely relates with each other. Oil and gas at different thermal evolution stage can be captured in different accumulation process.
文摘The phase states of the catalytic system of FeCl3-Al（i-Bu）3-pyridine are studied in the paper by means of the Tyndall effect, electron microscopy and super-filtration. It is found that the catalyst dispersing in the butadienehydrogasoline solution exists in small particles and the size of particle is 30 nm or so in diameter. The catalyst belongs to a multi-phase catalytic system. The active center of catalyst lies on the surface of nanometer particles, which are amorphous. The ratios of different components of catalyst affect the formation of the particles. With the optimum ratio, nanometer particles, which disperse more uniformly and are of highly catalytic activity, can be obtained.
基金supported by the National Key Rescarch and Development Program of China"Accumulation patem and exploration direction of ultra-deep and middle Ncoprotierozoic oil and gas"(No.2017YFC0603106)Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of China"Constraints of hate Mesoznic palcogoothermal fiekd on litho sphenic dynamic evolution andoil and gas occ urrence inOrdosand Qinshui sedimentary basins"(No.41630312)MajorNational Science and Technology Project of the 13th FYP"Structural evolution and preservation conditions of the southwest of Ordos Basin in the middle-upper Proterozoic and lower Palcozoic"(No.2017ZX05005-002-008).
文摘Deep and ultra-deep layers in the petroliferous basins of China are characterized by large temperature difference and complicated thermal evolution history.The control effects of temperature and thermal evolution history on the differences of hydrocarbon phase states and the hydrocarbon generation history in deep and ultra-deep layers are researched less and unsystematically.To deal with this situation,based on a large number of temperature and pressure data of deeplayers and combined with the complicated historical situation of deep layer evolution in the oil and gas basins of China,the effects of temperature,heating time and pressure on the hydrocarbon formation temperature and phase state were analyzed,and the types of temperature and pressure relationships were classified.Finally,based on the classification of thermal evolution history of deep and ultra-deep layers,We discussed the control effects of basin thermal evolution history on the hydrocarbon generation and phase state,and the following research results were obtained.First,the hydrocarbon phase states of deep layers in different basins and regions are greatly different,and they are mainly affected by temperature,heating time,heating rate,pressure,source rock types and other factors.And temperature is the most important factor controlling hydrocarbon generation and phase state distribution.Second,under the conditions of rapid temperature increasing and short heating time,there still maybe oil reservoirs and condensate gas reservoirs in deep and ultra-deep layersin thecase ofhigh temperature.Third,overpressureinhibitshydrocarbon generationand pyrolysis.Fourth,thereis a closerelationship betweentemperature and formation pressure of deeplayers,whichcan be divided into three types,i.e.,lowemedium temperature and high pressure type,high temperature and high pressure type,and medium temperature and lowemedium pressure type.Fifth,the thermal evolution history of deep and ultra-deep layers can be divided into four types,namely the late rapid subsidence,heating and low geothermal gradient type,the late rapid subsidence,heating and high geothermal gradient type,the middleelate rapid heating and late uplifting and cooling type,and the early great subsidence and rapid heating and middleelate great uplift erosion and cooling type.In conclusion,deep and ultra-deep layers in the basins with different types of thermal history are different in hydrocarbon phase states,accumulation stages and prospects.
文摘We show that the Susskind-Glogower phase state is a limiting case of a kind of SU（1,1） coherent states. By analogy, based on the bipartite entangled state representation （ESR） we demonstrate that an appropriate SU（1,1） coherent state composed of the two-mode unitary phase operator e^i also leads to a new phase state in two-mode Fock space, e^i is diagonalized in the ESR.
基金the Ph. D Tutoring Programme of the Educational Ministry of China
文摘In the mutual transform between the number-difference state and the phase state corresponding to the operational phase operator we find that there exists an end-point ambiguousness. This problem can be avoided by Lighthill's method.
文摘Starting from Wigner’s definition of the function named now after him we systematically develop different representation of this quasiprobability with emphasis on symmetric representations concerning the canonical variables (q,p) of phase space and using the known relation to the parity operator. One of the representations is by means of the Laguerre 2D polynomials which is particularly effective in quantum optics. For the coherent states we show that their Fourier transforms are again coherent states. We calculate the Wigner quasiprobability to the eigenstates of a particle in a square well with infinitely high impenetrable walls which is not smooth in the spatial coordinate and vanishes outside the wall boundaries. It is not well suited for the calculation of expectation values. A great place takes on the calculation of the Wigner quasiprobability for coherent phase states in quantum optics which is essentially new. We show that an unorthodox entire function plays there a role in most formulae which makes all calculations difficult. The Wigner quasiprobability for coherent phase states is calculated and graphically represented but due to the involved unorthodox function it may be considered only as illustration and is not suited for the calculation of expectation values. By another approach via the number representation of the states and using the recently developed summation formula by means of Generalized Eulerian numbers it becomes possible to calculate in approximations with good convergence the basic expectation values, in particular, the basic uncertainties which are additionally represented in graphics. Both considered examples, the square well and the coherent phase states, belong to systems with SU (1,1) symmetry with the same index K=1/2 of unitary irreducible representations.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11904309 and 12305015)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(Grant No.2020JJ5528)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.A2024205027)。
文摘Machine learning has rapidly become a powerful tool for addressing challenges in ultracold atomic systems;however,its application to intricate three-dimensional(3D)systems remains relatively underexplored.In this study,we introduce a3D residual network(3D Res Net)framework based on 3D convolutional neural networks(3D CNN)to predict ground states phases in 3D dipolar spinor Bose–Einstein condensates(BECs).Our results show that the 3D Res Net framework predicts ground states with high accuracy and efficiency across a broad parameter space.To enhance phase transition predictions,we incorporate data augmentation techniques,leading to a notable improvement in the model's performance.The method is further validated in more complex scenarios,particularly when transverse magnetic fields are introduced.Compared to conventional imaginary-time evolution methods(ITEM),the 3D Res Net drastically reduces computational costs,offering a rapid and scalable solution for complex 3D multi-parameter nonlinear systems.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42002178 and 42472203)“CUG Scholar”Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences(Grant No.2022193)China National Petroleum Corporation(CNPC)Scientific Research and Technology Development Projects(Grant Nos.2019B-04 and 2021DJ05)。
文摘The reservoired petroleum fluids in the deep Ordovician carbonates in the Tazhong area,Tarim Basin,exhibit diverse and intricate geochemical properties and petroleum phases.However,the study on the causal mechanisms for the genesis of co-existed complex petroleum phases and their distribution remains relatively limited.The quantitative assessment of changes in molecular compounds in petroleum pools influenced by secondary alteration to different degrees also needs further investigation.In this study,eight samples including condensate,volatile,and black oil from the Tazhong area were analyzed via GC×GC-TOFMS.The results reveal that condensate oil exhibits complete normal alkane distribution,with abundant diamantanes and organic sulfur compounds(OSCs),and features high density(>0.83 g/cm^(3)),elevated wax content(>20%),and remarkable gas washing loss.The condensate gas is characterized by highly mature oil-cracking gas with a heavy carbon isotope.Geological analysis indicates that the current Ordovician reservoir temperatures generally remain below 140℃,which is insufficient to induce in-situ oil cracking.Additionally,black oil pools are formed adjacent to the condensate gas pools,suggesting that the latter is not a result of in-situ oil cracking,but rather represents a secondary condensate gas pool formed through gas invasion of a pre-existed oil pool.Based on the loss of n-alkanes and variations in adamantanes(As)and diamantanes(Ds)content across different oil samples,the degree of gas invasion was assessed.We divided gas invasion intensity into strong(Q≥80%,As≥5000μg/g,Ds≥400μg/g),weak(20%≤Q<80%,3000μg/g≤As<5000μg/g,200μg/g≤Ds<400μg/g)and negligible(0≤Q<20%,As<3000μg/g,Ds<200μg/g).The multistage oil/gas charging events,specifically the sequence of“early oil and late gas”in the Ordovician from the Tazhong area,predominantly drives the phase evolution of reservoired petroleum.Furthermore,differential gas invasion alteration exacerbates the intricacy of petroleum phase distribution.Notably,gas washing processes significantly influence the disparate enrichment of diamondoids homologues in crude oil.Specifically,lower carbon number diamondoids are more abundant in condensate oil,while higher ones exhibit relatively increased abundance in black oil,potentially serving as a valuable quantitative assessment parameter.The findings in this study will provide guiding significance for the analysis and quantitative assessment of deep petroleum phase diversity.Additionally,this research will provide novel insights for comprehensively evaluating basins worldwide with complex petroleum phases distribution.
基金supported by the Educational Department of Liaoning Province Key Project(Grant No.LSNZD202005).
文摘Accurate determination of the moisture content in maize kernels conduces to screen maize germplasm materials with efficient dehydration.Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(LF-NMR)single-kernel non-destructive testing technology was used to determine the moisture content at different phase states in the kernels for selected types of maize.The NMR T 2 relaxation inversion spectrum was monitored in maize kernels to determine the variation in the moisture content in different phase states with time.The total water and free water peaked at the filling stage of the maize kernels and then declined to a minimum at physiological maturity.The semi-bound water generally increased to a long-lasting peak in the dough stage and then declined.The bound water increased from kernel formation to maturity and then remained stable.The contents of total water,free water,semi-bound water,and bound water had significant differences among kernel types but not among varieties of the same type.The contents of semi-bound water and free water were linearly correlated with the dehydration rates of the kernels.The results of this study can provide a means for creating new germplasm materials.
文摘The phase transformation activation energy of the Cu61.13Zn33.94A14.93 alloys, which were treated at 4 GPa and 700 ℃ for 15 minutes, was calculated by means of differential scanning calorimetry curves obtained at various heating and cooling rates. Then, the effects of high-pressure heat treatments on the solid-state phase transformation and the microstructures of Cu61.13Zn33.94A14.93 alloys were investigated. The results show that high-pressure heat treatments can refine the grains and can change the preferred orientation from （111） to （200） of α phase. Compared with the as-cast alloy, the sample with high-pressure heat treatment has finer grains, lower β＇→β and/β→β＇ transformation temperature and activation energy. Furthermore, we found that high cooling rate favours the formation of fine needle-like α phase in the range of 5-20℃/min.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10804007)the Special Research Foundation and Development Program (Grant No. 200800041003)Research Funds of Beijing Jiaotong University (Grant No. 2007XM049)
文摘We investigate phase diffusion of a two-component Bose--Einstein condensates prepared initially in arbitrary coherent spin state ｜θ0,φ0｜. Analytical expression of the phase-diffusion time is presented for θ0～π/2 case. In comparison with the symmetrical case （i.e., θ0=π/2）, we find that the diffusion process becomes slow due to the reduced atom number variance.
文摘The three-parameter Petal-Teja equation of state coupled with a characterization proceduref0r C<sub>7+</sub>-fraction based on gamma distribution function was employed to predict the phase behaviorof eight gas condensates.The lumping of the subdivided single carbon number（SCN）hydrocarbons inthe plus-fraction and the choice of empirical correlations for calculating the critical properties andacentric factor of SCN hydrocarbons were discussed.
文摘PB Phase Coherent States are very important quantum states in quantum optics. In order to investigate the amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of PB Phase Coherent States, we introduce the algebraic properties of the PB phase operator and the PB Phase Coherent States which are constructed by PB phase theory. We applied amplitude-Nth-power squeezing theory to define the Amplitude-Nth-Power Squeezing of PB Phase Coherent States and investigate the characteristic of the amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of PB Phase Coherent States. We obtained surprising results, in that the results were different from the other quantum states. As for |Z〉(PB Phase Coherent State), the results show that when Z is a real number there only exists amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of component; when Z is a complex number, there exists amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of component and component; when Z is a pure imaginary number, if N is odd, then there does not exist amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of component, but there exists amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of component and if N is even, then there exists amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of component, but there does not exist amplitude-Nth-power squeezing of component.
文摘A new non-cubic equation of state is proposed for calculation of the thermodynamic properties ofnonpolar and polar fluids and their mixtures,including,saturated vapor pressure,saturated liquid volume,saturated vapor volume,heats of vaporization and vapor-liquid equilibria.The new equation is derived from thegeneralized van der Waals partition function in which the repulsive terms are expressed with the Carnahan andStarling equation for hard spheres,and the attractive terms are made up of the dispersive energy and theChemical association energy. The rules of dependence of parameters α and σ and on temperature are considered broadly so that the newequation yields good agreement with experimental saturated properties of 20 nonpolar and 27 polar fluids in therange of reduced temperatures of 0.5 to 1.0 The new equation with parameters group-contributed generally givessatisfactory predictions on saturated properties. Correlations of vapor-liquid equilibrium data for alcohol-containing systems by using van
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2013CBA01702)
文摘A scheme is proposed to generate GHZ state and realize quantum phase gate for superconducting qubits placed in a microwave cavity. This scheme uses resonant interaction between the qubits and the cavity mode, so that the interaction time is short, which is important in view of decoherence. In particular, the phase gate can be realized simply with a single interaction between the qubits and the cavity mode. With cavity decay being considered, the fidelity and success probability are both very close to unity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10674038 and 10974039)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2006CB302901)
文摘This paper discusses some statistical properties of the superposition of two coherent states with a vacuum state, such as sub-Poissonian photon statistics and negativity of the Wigner function. Phase probability distribution and phase variance are calculated. Special cases of the constructed superposition states are presented. The results show that depending on the vacuum state coefficient γ and the coherent state coefficient a, it can generate a variety of nonclassical states.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heze University of Shandong Province,China (Grant No XY07WL01)the University Experimental Technology Foundation of Shandong Province,China (Grant No S04W138)
文摘By virtue of the well-behaved properties of the bipartite entangled states representation, this paper analyse and solves some master equations for generalized phase diffusion models, which seems concise and effective. This method can also be applied to solve other master equations.
基金Supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10821504,11075194,11135003,11275246,and 11475238by the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program) under Grant No.2010CB833000(TL)
文摘We propose the reference section method to obtain a geometric phase for the mixed states in nonunitary evolution. The reference connection on density operator space is defined. That the parallel transport method and reference section method are essentially two aspects of in phase concept is pointed out.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11204012 and 91321103
文摘In our previous work [Phys. Rev. A 85 （2012） 044102], we studied the Berry phase of the ground state and exited states in the Lipkin model. In this work, using the Hellmann-Feynman theorem, we derive the relation between the energy gap and the Berry phase closed to the excited state quantum phase transition （ESQPT） in the Lipkin model. It is found that the energy gap is approximately linearly dependent on the Berry phase being closed to the ESQPT for large N. As a result, the critical behavior of the energy gap is similar to that of the Berry phase. In addition, we also perform a semiclassical qualitative analysis about the critical behavior of the energy gap.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50175079) China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2003033348).
文摘Based on the tests of a build-up welding at plate edge (BWPE) and amulti-layer build-up welding on plate (MBWP), the article studies on the solid-state phasetransformations which affect welding distortion process and on the influence rule of transformationstarting temperature (TST) of welded metal to the welding residual distortion. The weldingdistortion can be decreased or controlled by the transformation volume expansion caused bysolid-state phase transformation of welded metal during the cooling. The test results of BWPE showthat when TST is at about 190 deg C, the bending distortion of welded specimen is the smallest, andits displacements at free end are decreased to 58 percent and 67 percent compared with those ofconventional welding electrodes A102 and E5015, which TST are less than room temperature and equalto 758 deg C respectively. The test results of MBWP show that when TST were at 100 approx 250 deg C.the welded specimen would appear reversible bending distortion compared with those of A102 andE5015. The maximum deflection value of reversible bending distortion in 8 mm thick plate is -2.94 mmat about 170 deg C of TST. The test results provide a valuable method to decrease or to controlwelding residual distortion.
