We focus on the Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI) with the input of a coherent beam and one of the bright entangled twin beams with an external power reference beam employed for measurement. The results show that the ...We focus on the Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI) with the input of a coherent beam and one of the bright entangled twin beams with an external power reference beam employed for measurement. The results show that the phase sensitivity can reach sub-Heisenberg limit and approach quantum Cramer–Rao bound by changing the squeezing parameters and the photon number of the coherent beam, under the phase-matching condition. The absence of the external power reference beam will degrade the performance of the phase sensitivity. Meanwhile, this scheme shows good robustness against the losses of the photon detectors. We present a detailed discussion about the phase sensitivities when the inputs are two coherent beams, or a coherent beam plus a single-mode squeezed vacuum beam based on the MZI. This scenario can be applied in the field of phase precision measurements and other optical sensors.展开更多
We investigate the phase sensitivity of the SU（1,1） interfereometer [SU（1,1）I] and the modified Mach-Zehnder in- terferometer （MMZI） with the entangled coherent states （ECS） as inputs. We consider the ideal ca...We investigate the phase sensitivity of the SU（1,1） interfereometer [SU（1,1）I] and the modified Mach-Zehnder in- terferometer （MMZI） with the entangled coherent states （ECS） as inputs. We consider the ideal case and the situations in which the photon losses are taken into account. We find that, under ideal conditions, the phase sensitivity of both the MMZI and the SU（1,1）I can beat the shot-noise limit （SNL） and approach the Heisenberg limit （HL）. In the presence of photon losses, the ECS can beat the coherent and squeezed states as inputs in the SU（1,1）I, and the MMZI is more robust against internal photon losses than the SU（1,1）I.展开更多
Based on the Wigner-function method, we investigate the parity detection and phase sensitivity in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI) with two-mode squeezed thermal state(TMSTS). Using the classical transformation rel...Based on the Wigner-function method, we investigate the parity detection and phase sensitivity in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI) with two-mode squeezed thermal state(TMSTS). Using the classical transformation relation of the MZI, we derive the input–output Wigner functions and then obtain the explicit expressions of parity and phase sensitivity.The results from the numerical calculation show that supersensitivity can be reached only if the input TMSTS have a large number photons.展开更多
In the present study, time evolution of quantum Cramer–Rao bound of entangled N00N state, as phase sensitivity, is determined by the aid of quantum estimation theory in the presence decoherence channels. Also, the dy...In the present study, time evolution of quantum Cramer–Rao bound of entangled N00N state, as phase sensitivity, is determined by the aid of quantum estimation theory in the presence decoherence channels. Also, the dynamic quantum process as decoherence approach is characterized by quantum fisher information flow and entanglement amount in order to distinguish between Markovian and Non-Markovian process. The comparison between quantum fisher information and quantum fisher information flow assists to comprehend the phase sensitivity evolution corresponding to Non-Markovian and Markovian process. Furthermore, as result of backflow of information from the environment to system, the phase sensitivity corresponding memory effect of environment are revived after complete decay and increase in the few times.展开更多
We study the phase sensitivity of an SU（1,1） interferometer with two input beams in the displaced squeezed vacuum state and the coherent state, respectively. We find that there exists an optimal squeezing fraction o...We study the phase sensitivity of an SU（1,1） interferometer with two input beams in the displaced squeezed vacuum state and the coherent state, respectively. We find that there exists an optimal squeezing fraction of the displaced squeezed vacuum state that optimizes the phase sensitivity. We also examine the effects of some factors, including the loss, mean photon number of the input beams and amplitude gain of the opl;ical parameter amplifiers, on the optimal squeezing fraction so that we can choose the optimal values to enhance the phase sensitivity.展开更多
Compared with passive interferometers,SU(1,1)interferometers demonstrate superior phase sensitivity due to the incorporation of nonlinear elements that enhance their ability to detect phase shifts.Nevertheless,the mea...Compared with passive interferometers,SU(1,1)interferometers demonstrate superior phase sensitivity due to the incorporation of nonlinear elements that enhance their ability to detect phase shifts.Nevertheless,the measurement precision of these interferometers is considerably impacted by photon losses,particularly internal losses,thereby restricting the overall accuracy of measurements.Addressing these issues is essential to fully realize the advantages of SU(1,1)interferometers in practical applications.Among the available resources in quantum metrology,squeezing stands out as one of the most practical and efficient approaches.We propose a theoretical scheme to improve the precision of phase measurement using homodyne detection by implementing the single-path local squeezing operation(LSO)inside the SU(1,1)interferometer,with the coherent state and the vacuum state as the input states.We not only analyze the effects of the single-path LSO scheme on the phase sensitivity and the quantum Fisher information(QFI)under both ideal and photon-loss cases but also compare the impact of different squeezing parameters r on the system performance.Our findings reveal that the internal single-path LSO scheme can significantly enhance the phase sensitivity and QFI by strengthening intramode correlations while weakening intermode correlations,thereby effectively improving the robustness of the SU(1,1)interferometer against photon losses.展开更多
Aim to detect the characteristic weak magnetic field signal against the strong noises background. Methods In combination with a low-pass-filter, the correlation output of magne-* tic sensors between the magnetic field...Aim to detect the characteristic weak magnetic field signal against the strong noises background. Methods In combination with a low-pass-filter, the correlation output of magne-* tic sensors between the magnetic field and reference current was utilized to provide a DC output voltage proportional to the applied magnetic induction, computer simulation was* done to investigate the correlation output of the Hall-effect sensors. Results Some analysis results concerning the noise property, harmonic supppression and the sensitivity were given. Conclsion The minimum detection signal of the equipment evolved from the mentioned cor-* relation theory can be 10-6 T. In addition to the DC output, such sensors can also measure the phase of the detected magnetic induction and has good harmonic suppression as well as* noise elimination.展开更多
Two phase extraction methods which are based separately on phase-stepping and shifting curve are mainly used in phase-sensitive imaging in gating interferometry to determine the x-ray phase shift induced by an object ...Two phase extraction methods which are based separately on phase-stepping and shifting curve are mainly used in phase-sensitive imaging in gating interferometry to determine the x-ray phase shift induced by an object in the beam. In this paper, the authors perform a full comparative analysis and present the main virtues and limitations of these two methods according to the theoretical analysis of the grating interferometry.展开更多
Quantum states are essential resource for quantum-enhanced applications.Loss incurred in the distribution channel,however,dissipates the high signal-to-noise ratio advantage enjoyed by the squeezed state.Here,we first...Quantum states are essential resource for quantum-enhanced applications.Loss incurred in the distribution channel,however,dissipates the high signal-to-noise ratio advantage enjoyed by the squeezed state.Here,we first demonstrate noise immunity enhancement by using phase-sensitive amplifier(PSA)with measurement-based noiseless linear amplifier(MB-NLA).We explore the signal transfer capability with the amplifier in a noisy channel.The MB-NLA enhanced PSA has obvious suppression effect on channel noises,especially it has improvement for the noise contaminated signal.Better performance can be achieved by flexibly adjusting amplifier parameters.With the amplifier,it is promising to overcome the entanglement-distribution loss and show its superiority in squeezing based quantum sensing.展开更多
A new type of polarization sensitive interferometer is proposed,named the Delta interferometer,inspired by its geometry resembling the Greek letter Delta.The main difference between the Delta interferometer and other ...A new type of polarization sensitive interferometer is proposed,named the Delta interferometer,inspired by its geometry resembling the Greek letter Delta.The main difference between the Delta interferometer and other existing interferometers,such as Michelson,Mach-Zehnder and Young's double-slit interferometers,is that the two interfering paths are asymmetrical in the Delta interferometer.The visibility of the first-order interference pattern observed in the Delta interferometer is dependent on the polarization of the incidental light.Optical coherence theory is employed to interpret this phenomenon and single-mode continuous-wave laser light is employed to verify the theoretical predictions.The theoretical and experimental results are consistent.The Delta interferometer is a perfect tool to study the reflection of electromagnetic fields in different polarizations and may find applications in polarization-sensitive scenarios.展开更多
Hanbury-Brown and Twiss(HBT)effect is the foundation for stellar intensity interferometry.However,it is a phase insensitive two-photon interference effect.Here we extend the HBT interferometer by mixing intensity-matc...Hanbury-Brown and Twiss(HBT)effect is the foundation for stellar intensity interferometry.However,it is a phase insensitive two-photon interference effect.Here we extend the HBT interferometer by mixing intensity-matched reference fields with the input fields before intensity correlation measurement.With the freely available coherent state serving as the reference field,we experimentally demonstrate the phase sensitive two-photon interference effect when the input fields are thermal fields in either continuous wave or non-stationary pulsed wave and measure the complete complex second-order coherence function of the input fields without bringing them together from separate locations.Moreover,we discuss how to improve the signal level by using the more realistic continuous wave broadband anti-bunched light fields as the reference field.Our investigations pave the way for developing new technology of remote sensing and interferometric imaging with applications in long baseline high-resolution astronomy.展开更多
Controlling the tissue temperature rise during retinal laser therapy is essential for predictable outcomes,especially at non-damaging settings.We demonstrate a method for determining the temperature rise in the retina...Controlling the tissue temperature rise during retinal laser therapy is essential for predictable outcomes,especially at non-damaging settings.We demonstrate a method for determining the temperature rise in the retina using phasesensitive optical coherence tomography(pOCT)in vivo.Measurements based on the thermally induced optical path length changes(ΔOPL)in the retina during a 10-ms laser pulse allow detection of the temperature rise with a precision less than 1℃,which is sufficient for calibration of the laser power for patient-specific non-damaging therapy.We observed a significant difference in confinement of the retinal deformations between the normal and the degenerate retina:in wild-type rats,thermal deformations are localized between the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)and the photoreceptors’inner segments(IS),as opposed to a deep penetration of the deformations into the inner retinal layers in the degenerate retina.This implies the presence of a structural component within healthy photoreceptors that dampens the tissue expansion induced by the laser heating of the RPE and pigmented choroid.We hypothesize that the thin and soft cilium connecting the inner and outer segments(IS,OS)of photoreceptors may absorb the deformations of the OS and thereby preclude the tissue expansion further inward.Striking difference in the confinement of the retinal deformations induced by a laser pulse in healthy and degenerate retina may be used as a biomechanical diagnostic tool for the characterization of photoreceptors degeneration.展开更多
Quantum interferometric strategy with input two-mode squeezed vacuum [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 103602] is reexamined for both parity and S^z2 measurements. Unlike the previous scheme, we find that phase sensitivity obtain...Quantum interferometric strategy with input two-mode squeezed vacuum [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 103602] is reexamined for both parity and S^z2 measurements. Unlike the previous scheme, we find that phase sensitivity obtained with the S^z2 measurement is minimized at phase origin, which may be useful to estimate a small phase shift at high precision. For the phase deviated from zero, the sensitivity increases more slowly than that of the parity detection.展开更多
By introducing a fictitious mode to be a counterpart mode of the system mode under review we introduce the entangled state representation （η｜, which can arrange master equations of density operators p（t） in quant...By introducing a fictitious mode to be a counterpart mode of the system mode under review we introduce the entangled state representation （η｜, which can arrange master equations of density operators p（t） in quantum statistics as state-vector evolution equations due to the elegant properties of （η｜. In this way many master equations （respectively describing damping oscillator, laser, phase sensitive, and phase diffusion processes with different initial density operators） can be concisely solved. Specially, for a damping process characteristic of the decay constant k we find that the matrix element of p（t） at time t in 〈η｜ representation is proportional to that of the initial po in the decayed entangled state （ηe^-kt｜ representation, accompanying with a Gaussian damping factor. Thus we have a new insight about the nature of the dissipative process. We also set up the so-called thermo-entangled state representation of density operators, ρ = f（d^2η/π）（η｜ρ〉D（η）, which is different from all the previous known representations.展开更多
BACKGROUND Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)MAGnetic resonance imaging compilation(MAGiC)is a new MRI technology.Conventional T1,T2,T2-fluidattenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR)contrast images,quantitative imag...BACKGROUND Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)MAGnetic resonance imaging compilation(MAGiC)is a new MRI technology.Conventional T1,T2,T2-fluidattenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR)contrast images,quantitative images of T1 and T2 mapping,and MAGiC phase sensitive inversion recovery(PSIR)Vessel cerebrovascular images can be obtained simultaneously through post-processing at the same time after completing a scan.In recent years,studies have reported that MAGiC can be applied to patients with acute ischemic stroke.We hypothesized that the synthetic MRI vascular screening scheme can evaluate the degree of cerebral artery stenosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.AIM To explore the application value of vascular images obtained by synthetic MRI in diagnosing acute ischemic stroke.METHODS A total of 64 patients with acute ischemic stroke were selected and examined by MRI in the current retrospective cohort study.The scanning sequences included traditional T1,T2,and T2-FLAIR,three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography(3D TOF MRA),diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI),and synthetic MRI.Conventional contrast images(T1,T2,and T2-FLAIR)and intracranial vessel images(MAGiC PSIR Vessel]were automatically reconstructed using synthetic MRI raw data.The contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)values of traditional T1,T2,and T2-FLAIR images and MAGiC reconstructed T1,T2,and T2-FLAIR images in DWI diffusion restriction areas were measured and compared.MAGiC PSIR Vessel and TOF MRA images were used to measure and calculate the stenosis degree of bilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis areas.The consistency of MAGiC PSIR Vessel and TOF MRA in displaying the degree of vascular stenosis with computed tomography angiography(CTA)was compared.RESULTS Among the 64 patients with acute ischemic stroke,79 vascular stenosis areas showed that the correlation between MAGiC PSIR Vessel and CTA(r=0.90,P<0.01)was higher than that between TOF MRA and CTA(r=0.84,P<0.01).With a degree of vascular stenosis>50%assessed by CTA as a reference,the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of MAGiC PSIR Vessel[area under the curve(AUC)=0.906,P<0.01]was higher than that of TOF MRA(AUC=0.790,P<0.01).Among the 64 patients with acute ischemic stroke,39 were scanned for traditional T1,T2,and T2-FLAIR images and MAGiC images simultaneously,and CNR values in DWI diffusion restriction areas were measured,which were:Traditional T2=21.2,traditional T1=-6.7,and traditional T2-FLAIR=11.9;and MAGiC T2=7.1,MAGiC T1=-3.9,and MAGiC T2-FLAIR=4.5.CONCLUSION The synthetic MRI vascular screening scheme for patients with acute ischemic stroke can accurately evaluate the degree of bilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis,which is of great significance to early thrombolytic interventional therapy and improving patients’quality of life.展开更多
A polymer-bound photosensitizer was synthesized by the reaction of Merrifield resin with 9-anthracenemethanol in the presence of potassium hydride. The photoisomerization of trans-vitamin D3 to cis-vitamin D3 was car...A polymer-bound photosensitizer was synthesized by the reaction of Merrifield resin with 9-anthracenemethanol in the presence of potassium hydride. The photoisomerization of trans-vitamin D3 to cis-vitamin D3 was carried out with this polymer-bound photosensitizer in ethanol and toluene solutions. The experiment results demonstrate that this solid photosensitizer is efficient for the photoismerization and easy for separation from the reaction mixtures.展开更多
This paper focuses on the non zero dispersion shifted fiber optical transmission system which employs cascaded in line Phase sensitive Amplifiers ( PSAs ). By computer simulation, we have revealed that the eye p...This paper focuses on the non zero dispersion shifted fiber optical transmission system which employs cascaded in line Phase sensitive Amplifiers ( PSAs ). By computer simulation, we have revealed that the eye penalty of high speed signal pulses increases with the accretion of dispersion and the transmission distance limited by Intersymbol Interference ( ISI ) of signals varies with the spacing and average output power of amplifiers for positive and negative fiber dispersion. The analysis shows that although PSA can compensate for both positive and negative dispersion, it is only valid for small dispersion coefficient fiber. Owing to the effect of Self phase modulation ( SPM ), the ISI limited transmission distance of positive dispersion fiber is much longer than that of negative dispersion fiber. In addition, for positive fiber dispersion, there is an optimum value of average output signal power from PSA leading to the longest ISI limited transmission distance.展开更多
A quantitative trait locus （QTL） that affects heading date （HD） and the number of spikelets per panicle （SPP） was previously identified in a small region on chromosome 7 in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. In order to ...A quantitative trait locus （QTL） that affects heading date （HD） and the number of spikelets per panicle （SPP） was previously identified in a small region on chromosome 7 in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. In order to further characterize the QTL region, near isogenic lines （NILs） were quickly obtained by self-crossing recombinant inbred line 189, which is heterozygous in the vicinity of the target region. The pleiotropic effects of QTL Ghd7.1 on plant height （PH）, SPP, and HD, were validated using an NIL-F2 population. Ghd7.1 explained 50.2%, 45.3%, and 76.9% of phenotypic variation in PH, SPP, and HD, respectively. Ghd7.1 was precisely mapped to a 357-kb region on the basis of analysis of the progeny of the NIL-F2 population. Day-length treatment confirmed that Ghd7.1 is sensitive to photoperiod, with long days delaying heading up to 12.5 d. Identification of panicle initiation and development for the pair of NILs showed that Ghd7.1 elongated the photoperiod-sensitive phase more than 10 d, but did not change the basic vegetative phase and the reproductive growth phase. These findings indicated that Ghd7.1 regulates SPP by controlling the rate of panicle differentiation rather than the duration of panicle development.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12104190,12104189,and 12204312)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.BK20210874)+2 种基金the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program (Grant No.BE2022143)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (Grant Nos.20224BAB211014 and 20232BAB201042)the General Project of Natural Science Research in Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.20KJB140008)。
文摘We focus on the Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI) with the input of a coherent beam and one of the bright entangled twin beams with an external power reference beam employed for measurement. The results show that the phase sensitivity can reach sub-Heisenberg limit and approach quantum Cramer–Rao bound by changing the squeezing parameters and the photon number of the coherent beam, under the phase-matching condition. The absence of the external power reference beam will degrade the performance of the phase sensitivity. Meanwhile, this scheme shows good robustness against the losses of the photon detectors. We present a detailed discussion about the phase sensitivities when the inputs are two coherent beams, or a coherent beam plus a single-mode squeezed vacuum beam based on the MZI. This scenario can be applied in the field of phase precision measurements and other optical sensors.
基金supported by the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91121023)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11574092,61378012,and 60978009)+2 种基金the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(Grant No.20124407110009)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2011CBA00200 and 2013CB921804)the Program for Innovative Research Team in University(Grant No.IRT1243)
文摘We investigate the phase sensitivity of the SU（1,1） interfereometer [SU（1,1）I] and the modified Mach-Zehnder in- terferometer （MMZI） with the entangled coherent states （ECS） as inputs. We consider the ideal case and the situations in which the photon losses are taken into account. We find that, under ideal conditions, the phase sensitivity of both the MMZI and the SU（1,1）I can beat the shot-noise limit （SNL） and approach the Heisenberg limit （HL）. In the presence of photon losses, the ECS can beat the coherent and squeezed states as inputs in the SU（1,1）I, and the MMZI is more robust against internal photon losses than the SU（1,1）I.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11447002)the Research Foundation of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province of China(Grant No.GJJ150338)the Research Foundation for Changzhou Institute of Modern Optoelectronic Technology(Grant No.CZGY15)
文摘Based on the Wigner-function method, we investigate the parity detection and phase sensitivity in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer(MZI) with two-mode squeezed thermal state(TMSTS). Using the classical transformation relation of the MZI, we derive the input–output Wigner functions and then obtain the explicit expressions of parity and phase sensitivity.The results from the numerical calculation show that supersensitivity can be reached only if the input TMSTS have a large number photons.
文摘In the present study, time evolution of quantum Cramer–Rao bound of entangled N00N state, as phase sensitivity, is determined by the aid of quantum estimation theory in the presence decoherence channels. Also, the dynamic quantum process as decoherence approach is characterized by quantum fisher information flow and entanglement amount in order to distinguish between Markovian and Non-Markovian process. The comparison between quantum fisher information and quantum fisher information flow assists to comprehend the phase sensitivity evolution corresponding to Non-Markovian and Markovian process. Furthermore, as result of backflow of information from the environment to system, the phase sensitivity corresponding memory effect of environment are revived after complete decay and increase in the few times.
文摘We study the phase sensitivity of an SU（1,1） interferometer with two input beams in the displaced squeezed vacuum state and the coherent state, respectively. We find that there exists an optimal squeezing fraction of the displaced squeezed vacuum state that optimizes the phase sensitivity. We also examine the effects of some factors, including the loss, mean photon number of the input beams and amplitude gain of the opl;ical parameter amplifiers, on the optimal squeezing fraction so that we can choose the optimal values to enhance the phase sensitivity.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11964013 and 12104195)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.20242BAB26009 and 20232BAB211033)+1 种基金Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Electronic Materials and Devices(Grant No.2024SSY03011)Jiangxi Civil-Military Integration Research Institute(Grant No.2024JXRH0Y07).
文摘Compared with passive interferometers,SU(1,1)interferometers demonstrate superior phase sensitivity due to the incorporation of nonlinear elements that enhance their ability to detect phase shifts.Nevertheless,the measurement precision of these interferometers is considerably impacted by photon losses,particularly internal losses,thereby restricting the overall accuracy of measurements.Addressing these issues is essential to fully realize the advantages of SU(1,1)interferometers in practical applications.Among the available resources in quantum metrology,squeezing stands out as one of the most practical and efficient approaches.We propose a theoretical scheme to improve the precision of phase measurement using homodyne detection by implementing the single-path local squeezing operation(LSO)inside the SU(1,1)interferometer,with the coherent state and the vacuum state as the input states.We not only analyze the effects of the single-path LSO scheme on the phase sensitivity and the quantum Fisher information(QFI)under both ideal and photon-loss cases but also compare the impact of different squeezing parameters r on the system performance.Our findings reveal that the internal single-path LSO scheme can significantly enhance the phase sensitivity and QFI by strengthening intramode correlations while weakening intermode correlations,thereby effectively improving the robustness of the SU(1,1)interferometer against photon losses.
文摘Aim to detect the characteristic weak magnetic field signal against the strong noises background. Methods In combination with a low-pass-filter, the correlation output of magne-* tic sensors between the magnetic field and reference current was utilized to provide a DC output voltage proportional to the applied magnetic induction, computer simulation was* done to investigate the correlation output of the Hall-effect sensors. Results Some analysis results concerning the noise property, harmonic supppression and the sensitivity were given. Conclsion The minimum detection signal of the equipment evolved from the mentioned cor-* relation theory can be 10-6 T. In addition to the DC output, such sensors can also measure the phase of the detected magnetic induction and has good harmonic suppression as well as* noise elimination.
基金Project supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10490194 and 10734070) the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10504033,10774144 and 10979055)+2 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KJCX2-YW-N42)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2009CB930804)the National Outstanding Youth Fund(Grant No.10125523)
文摘Two phase extraction methods which are based separately on phase-stepping and shifting curve are mainly used in phase-sensitive imaging in gating interferometry to determine the x-ray phase shift induced by an object in the beam. In this paper, the authors perform a full comparative analysis and present the main virtues and limitations of these two methods according to the theoretical analysis of the grating interferometry.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12074233)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2201802)Shanxi(1331 Project)。
文摘Quantum states are essential resource for quantum-enhanced applications.Loss incurred in the distribution channel,however,dissipates the high signal-to-noise ratio advantage enjoyed by the squeezed state.Here,we first demonstrate noise immunity enhancement by using phase-sensitive amplifier(PSA)with measurement-based noiseless linear amplifier(MB-NLA).We explore the signal transfer capability with the amplifier in a noisy channel.The MB-NLA enhanced PSA has obvious suppression effect on channel noises,especially it has improvement for the noise contaminated signal.Better performance can be achieved by flexibly adjusting amplifier parameters.With the amplifier,it is promising to overcome the entanglement-distribution loss and show its superiority in squeezing based quantum sensing.
基金Project supported by the Shanxi Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2019ZDLGY09-08)Shanxi Nature and Science Basic Research Project(Grant No.2019JLP-18).
文摘A new type of polarization sensitive interferometer is proposed,named the Delta interferometer,inspired by its geometry resembling the Greek letter Delta.The main difference between the Delta interferometer and other existing interferometers,such as Michelson,Mach-Zehnder and Young's double-slit interferometers,is that the two interfering paths are asymmetrical in the Delta interferometer.The visibility of the first-order interference pattern observed in the Delta interferometer is dependent on the polarization of the incidental light.Optical coherence theory is employed to interpret this phenomenon and single-mode continuous-wave laser light is employed to verify the theoretical predictions.The theoretical and experimental results are consistent.The Delta interferometer is a perfect tool to study the reflection of electromagnetic fields in different polarizations and may find applications in polarization-sensitive scenarios.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12004279,92476113 and 12074283)by City University of Hong Kong(Project No.9610522)+1 种基金the General Research Fund from Hong Kong Research Grants Council(Nos.11315822,11301624)Joint NSFC/RGC Collaborative Research Scheme(No.CRS_CityU103/24).
文摘Hanbury-Brown and Twiss(HBT)effect is the foundation for stellar intensity interferometry.However,it is a phase insensitive two-photon interference effect.Here we extend the HBT interferometer by mixing intensity-matched reference fields with the input fields before intensity correlation measurement.With the freely available coherent state serving as the reference field,we experimentally demonstrate the phase sensitive two-photon interference effect when the input fields are thermal fields in either continuous wave or non-stationary pulsed wave and measure the complete complex second-order coherence function of the input fields without bringing them together from separate locations.Moreover,we discuss how to improve the signal level by using the more realistic continuous wave broadband anti-bunched light fields as the reference field.Our investigations pave the way for developing new technology of remote sensing and interferometric imaging with applications in long baseline high-resolution astronomy.
基金funded by the National Institutes of Health(U01 EY032055)Air Force Office of Scientific Research(FA9550-20-1-0186)Research to Prevent Blindness.
文摘Controlling the tissue temperature rise during retinal laser therapy is essential for predictable outcomes,especially at non-damaging settings.We demonstrate a method for determining the temperature rise in the retina using phasesensitive optical coherence tomography(pOCT)in vivo.Measurements based on the thermally induced optical path length changes(ΔOPL)in the retina during a 10-ms laser pulse allow detection of the temperature rise with a precision less than 1℃,which is sufficient for calibration of the laser power for patient-specific non-damaging therapy.We observed a significant difference in confinement of the retinal deformations between the normal and the degenerate retina:in wild-type rats,thermal deformations are localized between the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)and the photoreceptors’inner segments(IS),as opposed to a deep penetration of the deformations into the inner retinal layers in the degenerate retina.This implies the presence of a structural component within healthy photoreceptors that dampens the tissue expansion induced by the laser heating of the RPE and pigmented choroid.We hypothesize that the thin and soft cilium connecting the inner and outer segments(IS,OS)of photoreceptors may absorb the deformations of the OS and thereby preclude the tissue expansion further inward.Striking difference in the confinement of the retinal deformations induced by a laser pulse in healthy and degenerate retina may be used as a biomechanical diagnostic tool for the characterization of photoreceptors degeneration.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11174028)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Ministry of Education of China(Crant Nos.2011JBZ013 and 2012YJS117)+1 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China(Crant No.NCET-11-0564)the National Innovation Experiment Program for University Students,China(Grant Nos.1270021 and 1270037)
文摘Quantum interferometric strategy with input two-mode squeezed vacuum [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 103602] is reexamined for both parity and S^z2 measurements. Unlike the previous scheme, we find that phase sensitivity obtained with the S^z2 measurement is minimized at phase origin, which may be useful to estimate a small phase shift at high precision. For the phase deviated from zero, the sensitivity increases more slowly than that of the parity detection.
基金supported by President Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences and National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 10775097 and 10874174
文摘By introducing a fictitious mode to be a counterpart mode of the system mode under review we introduce the entangled state representation （η｜, which can arrange master equations of density operators p（t） in quantum statistics as state-vector evolution equations due to the elegant properties of （η｜. In this way many master equations （respectively describing damping oscillator, laser, phase sensitive, and phase diffusion processes with different initial density operators） can be concisely solved. Specially, for a damping process characteristic of the decay constant k we find that the matrix element of p（t） at time t in 〈η｜ representation is proportional to that of the initial po in the decayed entangled state （ηe^-kt｜ representation, accompanying with a Gaussian damping factor. Thus we have a new insight about the nature of the dissipative process. We also set up the so-called thermo-entangled state representation of density operators, ρ = f（d^2η/π）（η｜ρ〉D（η）, which is different from all the previous known representations.
基金Wu Jieping Medical Foundation,No.320.6750.2020-11-22.
文摘BACKGROUND Synthetic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)MAGnetic resonance imaging compilation(MAGiC)is a new MRI technology.Conventional T1,T2,T2-fluidattenuated inversion recovery(FLAIR)contrast images,quantitative images of T1 and T2 mapping,and MAGiC phase sensitive inversion recovery(PSIR)Vessel cerebrovascular images can be obtained simultaneously through post-processing at the same time after completing a scan.In recent years,studies have reported that MAGiC can be applied to patients with acute ischemic stroke.We hypothesized that the synthetic MRI vascular screening scheme can evaluate the degree of cerebral artery stenosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.AIM To explore the application value of vascular images obtained by synthetic MRI in diagnosing acute ischemic stroke.METHODS A total of 64 patients with acute ischemic stroke were selected and examined by MRI in the current retrospective cohort study.The scanning sequences included traditional T1,T2,and T2-FLAIR,three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography(3D TOF MRA),diffusion-weighted imaging(DWI),and synthetic MRI.Conventional contrast images(T1,T2,and T2-FLAIR)and intracranial vessel images(MAGiC PSIR Vessel]were automatically reconstructed using synthetic MRI raw data.The contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)values of traditional T1,T2,and T2-FLAIR images and MAGiC reconstructed T1,T2,and T2-FLAIR images in DWI diffusion restriction areas were measured and compared.MAGiC PSIR Vessel and TOF MRA images were used to measure and calculate the stenosis degree of bilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis areas.The consistency of MAGiC PSIR Vessel and TOF MRA in displaying the degree of vascular stenosis with computed tomography angiography(CTA)was compared.RESULTS Among the 64 patients with acute ischemic stroke,79 vascular stenosis areas showed that the correlation between MAGiC PSIR Vessel and CTA(r=0.90,P<0.01)was higher than that between TOF MRA and CTA(r=0.84,P<0.01).With a degree of vascular stenosis>50%assessed by CTA as a reference,the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve of MAGiC PSIR Vessel[area under the curve(AUC)=0.906,P<0.01]was higher than that of TOF MRA(AUC=0.790,P<0.01).Among the 64 patients with acute ischemic stroke,39 were scanned for traditional T1,T2,and T2-FLAIR images and MAGiC images simultaneously,and CNR values in DWI diffusion restriction areas were measured,which were:Traditional T2=21.2,traditional T1=-6.7,and traditional T2-FLAIR=11.9;and MAGiC T2=7.1,MAGiC T1=-3.9,and MAGiC T2-FLAIR=4.5.CONCLUSION The synthetic MRI vascular screening scheme for patients with acute ischemic stroke can accurately evaluate the degree of bilateral middle cerebral artery stenosis,which is of great significance to early thrombolytic interventional therapy and improving patients’quality of life.
文摘A polymer-bound photosensitizer was synthesized by the reaction of Merrifield resin with 9-anthracenemethanol in the presence of potassium hydride. The photoisomerization of trans-vitamin D3 to cis-vitamin D3 was carried out with this polymer-bound photosensitizer in ethanol and toluene solutions. The experiment results demonstrate that this solid photosensitizer is efficient for the photoismerization and easy for separation from the reaction mixtures.
文摘This paper focuses on the non zero dispersion shifted fiber optical transmission system which employs cascaded in line Phase sensitive Amplifiers ( PSAs ). By computer simulation, we have revealed that the eye penalty of high speed signal pulses increases with the accretion of dispersion and the transmission distance limited by Intersymbol Interference ( ISI ) of signals varies with the spacing and average output power of amplifiers for positive and negative fiber dispersion. The analysis shows that although PSA can compensate for both positive and negative dispersion, it is only valid for small dispersion coefficient fiber. Owing to the effect of Self phase modulation ( SPM ), the ISI limited transmission distance of positive dispersion fiber is much longer than that of negative dispersion fiber. In addition, for positive fiber dispersion, there is an optimum value of average output signal power from PSA leading to the longest ISI limited transmission distance.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30921091)the National Key Program on Basic Research and Development(2010CB125901)+1 种基金the National Special Program for Research of Transgenic Plants of China(2011ZX08009‐001‐002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2012YB03)
文摘A quantitative trait locus （QTL） that affects heading date （HD） and the number of spikelets per panicle （SPP） was previously identified in a small region on chromosome 7 in rice （Oryza sativa L.）. In order to further characterize the QTL region, near isogenic lines （NILs） were quickly obtained by self-crossing recombinant inbred line 189, which is heterozygous in the vicinity of the target region. The pleiotropic effects of QTL Ghd7.1 on plant height （PH）, SPP, and HD, were validated using an NIL-F2 population. Ghd7.1 explained 50.2%, 45.3%, and 76.9% of phenotypic variation in PH, SPP, and HD, respectively. Ghd7.1 was precisely mapped to a 357-kb region on the basis of analysis of the progeny of the NIL-F2 population. Day-length treatment confirmed that Ghd7.1 is sensitive to photoperiod, with long days delaying heading up to 12.5 d. Identification of panicle initiation and development for the pair of NILs showed that Ghd7.1 elongated the photoperiod-sensitive phase more than 10 d, but did not change the basic vegetative phase and the reproductive growth phase. These findings indicated that Ghd7.1 regulates SPP by controlling the rate of panicle differentiation rather than the duration of panicle development.
