Drug development and precision therapy are core technologies in the biopharmaceutical field.In the traditional paradigm,new drug development relies on validation through animal testing and clinical trials-a process th...Drug development and precision therapy are core technologies in the biopharmaceutical field.In the traditional paradigm,new drug development relies on validation through animal testing and clinical trials-a process that requires a decade of testing and costs over two billion dollars[1].Although animal testing has long served as the standard approach for evaluating drug efficacy and toxicity,its predictive accuracy for human responses remains limited due to translational barriers arising from interspecies physiological differences[2].Despite passing animal testing,only about 12%of drug candidates proceed to preclinical trials,and fewer than 11.7%gain final approval[3].展开更多
基金supported by the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:52435006,and 52275291)the Program for Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province The work was supported by the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:52435006,and 52275291)the Program for Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province。
文摘Drug development and precision therapy are core technologies in the biopharmaceutical field.In the traditional paradigm,new drug development relies on validation through animal testing and clinical trials-a process that requires a decade of testing and costs over two billion dollars[1].Although animal testing has long served as the standard approach for evaluating drug efficacy and toxicity,its predictive accuracy for human responses remains limited due to translational barriers arising from interspecies physiological differences[2].Despite passing animal testing,only about 12%of drug candidates proceed to preclinical trials,and fewer than 11.7%gain final approval[3].
