Type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a global epidemic with significant societal costs.The gut microbiota,including its metabolites,plays a pivotal role in maintaining health,while gut dysbiosis is implicated in several m...Type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a global epidemic with significant societal costs.The gut microbiota,including its metabolites,plays a pivotal role in maintaining health,while gut dysbiosis is implicated in several metabolic disorders,including T2DM.Although data exists on the relationship between the gut bacteriome and metabolic disorders,further attention is needed for the mycobiome and virome.Recent advancements have begun to shed light on these connections,offering potential avenues for preventive measures.However,more comprehensive investigations are required to untangle the interrelations between different microbial kingdoms and their role in T2DM development or mitigation.This review presents a simplified overview of the alterations in the gut bacteriome in T2DM and delves into the current understanding of the mycobiome and virome’s role in T2DM,along with their interactions with the cohabiting bacteriome.Subsequently,it explores into the age-related dynamics of the gut microbiome and the changes observed in the microbiome composition with the onset of T2DM.Further,we explore the basic workflow utilized in gut microbiome studies.Lastly,we discuss potential therapeutic interventions in gut microbiome research,which could contribute to the amelioration of the condition,serve as preventive measures,or pave the way towards personalized medicine.展开更多
Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)in the microbiome has profound consequences for human health and disease.The spread of antibiotic resistance genes,virulence,and pathogenicity determinants predominantly occurs by way of H...Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)in the microbiome has profound consequences for human health and disease.The spread of antibiotic resistance genes,virulence,and pathogenicity determinants predominantly occurs by way of HGT.Evidence exists of extensive horizontal transfer in the human gut microbiome.Phage transduction is a type of HGT event in which a bacteriophage transfers non-viral DNA from one bacterial host cell to another.The abundance of tailed bacteriophages in the human gut suggests that transduction could act as a significant mode of HGT in the gut microbiome.Here we review in detail the known mechanisms of phage-mediated HGT,namely specialized and generalized transduction,lateral transduction,gene-transfer agents,and molecular piracy,as well as methods used to detect phage-mediated HGT,and discuss its potential implications for the human gut microbiome.展开更多
基金supported/funded by the Indian Council of Medical Research DHR-ICMR/GIA/05/18/2020.
文摘Type-2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a global epidemic with significant societal costs.The gut microbiota,including its metabolites,plays a pivotal role in maintaining health,while gut dysbiosis is implicated in several metabolic disorders,including T2DM.Although data exists on the relationship between the gut bacteriome and metabolic disorders,further attention is needed for the mycobiome and virome.Recent advancements have begun to shed light on these connections,offering potential avenues for preventive measures.However,more comprehensive investigations are required to untangle the interrelations between different microbial kingdoms and their role in T2DM development or mitigation.This review presents a simplified overview of the alterations in the gut bacteriome in T2DM and delves into the current understanding of the mycobiome and virome’s role in T2DM,along with their interactions with the cohabiting bacteriome.Subsequently,it explores into the age-related dynamics of the gut microbiome and the changes observed in the microbiome composition with the onset of T2DM.Further,we explore the basic workflow utilized in gut microbiome studies.Lastly,we discuss potential therapeutic interventions in gut microbiome research,which could contribute to the amelioration of the condition,serve as preventive measures,or pave the way towards personalized medicine.
基金financial support from Science Foundation Ireland[grant number SFI/12/RC/2273_P2]and Wellcome Trust under a Wellcome Trust Research Career Development Fellowship[220646/Z/20/Z](A.N.S.)whole,or in part,by the Wellcome Trust[220646/Z/20/Z].
文摘Horizontal gene transfer(HGT)in the microbiome has profound consequences for human health and disease.The spread of antibiotic resistance genes,virulence,and pathogenicity determinants predominantly occurs by way of HGT.Evidence exists of extensive horizontal transfer in the human gut microbiome.Phage transduction is a type of HGT event in which a bacteriophage transfers non-viral DNA from one bacterial host cell to another.The abundance of tailed bacteriophages in the human gut suggests that transduction could act as a significant mode of HGT in the gut microbiome.Here we review in detail the known mechanisms of phage-mediated HGT,namely specialized and generalized transduction,lateral transduction,gene-transfer agents,and molecular piracy,as well as methods used to detect phage-mediated HGT,and discuss its potential implications for the human gut microbiome.
