To further enhance the yield and quality of kiwifruit and promote the sustainable development of the kiwifruit industry,this paper summarized the characteristics,damage sites,and control methods of major kiwifruit dis...To further enhance the yield and quality of kiwifruit and promote the sustainable development of the kiwifruit industry,this paper summarized the characteristics,damage sites,and control methods of major kiwifruit diseases and pests.It pointed out the main issues in current kiwifruit pest and disease management and proposed corresponding solutions.The prevention and control of kiwifruit pests should adhere to the principle of"prevention first,integrated management",and standardized planting modes should be implemented.In this process,priority should be given to agricultural,physical,and biological control methods to effectively reduce the use of chemical pesticides.展开更多
Smart pest control is crucial for building farmresilience andensuringsustainable agriculture inthe faceof climate change and environmental challenges.To achieve effective intelligent monitoring systems,agricultural pe...Smart pest control is crucial for building farmresilience andensuringsustainable agriculture inthe faceof climate change and environmental challenges.To achieve effective intelligent monitoring systems,agricultural pest and disease detectionmust overcome three fundamental challenges:feature degradation in dense vegetation environments,limited detection capability for sub-32×32 pixel targets,and inadequate bounding box regression for irregular pest morphologies.This study proposes YOLOv12-KMA,a novel detection framework that addresses these limitations through four synergistic architectural innovations,specifically optimized for agricultural environments.First,we introduce efficient multi-head attention(C3K2-EMA),which reduces noise interference by 41%through selective regional attention while maintaining O(k⋅n⋅d)computational complexity vs.O(n2⋅d)for standard attention.Second,we develop A2C2f-KAN modules embedding Kolmogorov-Arnold networks(KAN)with B-spline activation functions,achieving 15%better feature representation for small targets without global distortion.Third,we propose minimum point distance intersection over union(MPDIoU)loss that resolves aspect ratio degeneration issues in complete intersection over union(CIoU),accelerating convergence by 23%for irregular pest shapes.Fourth,we implement the dynamic sampling(DySample)module that reduces computational overhead by 72%while preserving 94%feature fidelity compared to conventional interpolation methods.Comprehensive validation on 8742 annotated agricultural images demonstrates significant improvements:2.6 percentage point increase in mean average precision(mAP)@0.5(91.0%→93.6%),3.2 percentage point gain in mAP@0.5:0.95,with precision and recall improvements of 4.8%and 2.4%,respectively.Statistical analysis confirms significance(p<0.001)with large effect sizes(η2=0.78).The optimized architecture maintains real-time performance at 159 frames per second(FPS)on consumer hardware,enabling practical deployment in precision agriculture monitoring systems.展开更多
[Objective]The paper was to screen a new ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxic pesticide and convenient and efficient pesticide application technology for controlling Ceratovacuna lanigera and Baliathrips...[Objective]The paper was to screen a new ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxic pesticide and convenient and efficient pesticide application technology for controlling Ceratovacuna lanigera and Baliathrips serratus. [Method]2% Imidacloprid GR were selected and applied in the soil for field efficacy trial. [Result] The optimum dosage of 2% imidacloprid GR was 30 kg/hm^2（ active ingredient 600 g）,which can be mixed with fertilizer（ 30 kg pesticide and 40-80 kg fertilizer per hm^2） once combined with sugarcane planting management or big ridging during February and June. The control effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus could be more than 98. 2% and 81. 1%,respectively. The actual yield and sugar content in various pesticide treatments were increased by 33 390 kg/hm^2 and 6. 6% respectively compared to blank control. [Conclusion]2% imidacloprid GR has good control effects on C. lanigera and B. serratus. It is a new pesticide with ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxin effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus. Therefore,it could be used alternatively with other pesticides,to delay production and development of drug resistance.展开更多
Survey on pests in Actinidia plants in Lushan botanical garden of China found that the insects causing damage on Actinidia plants mainly were grasshop- pers, scarabs, stinkbugs, leafhoppers, larvae of butterflies and ...Survey on pests in Actinidia plants in Lushan botanical garden of China found that the insects causing damage on Actinidia plants mainly were grasshop- pers, scarabs, stinkbugs, leafhoppers, larvae of butterflies and moths, leaf milers and borers, belonging to 50 species and 23 families. According to the regularity of their reproduction and development, as well as the characteristics of pest d mnages on plants, chemical agents were applied in flower bud expansion stage and early fruit setting stage of Actinidia plants. The results showed that rational application of chemical agents before and after flowering stage could effectively control largescale occurrence of pests.展开更多
Abstract According to rules in GB/T 1.1 - 2009 Directives for The Work of Standardization Unit I ： Structure and Writing of Standards, based on occurrence characteristics of major peats and diseases in protected cult...Abstract According to rules in GB/T 1.1 - 2009 Directives for The Work of Standardization Unit I ： Structure and Writing of Standards, based on occurrence characteristics of major peats and diseases in protected cultivation of grape and the actual condition of production in Yancheng City of Jiangsu Province of China, the control procedures for pests and diseases in protected cultivation of grape in Yancheng City are developed in the paper.展开更多
Seed coating agent is a new type of crop seed treatment technology, which has been widely used in corn, rice and other crop seed treatment in recent years. It has achieved certain results in pest control. In this pape...Seed coating agent is a new type of crop seed treatment technology, which has been widely used in corn, rice and other crop seed treatment in recent years. It has achieved certain results in pest control. In this paper, different formulations of Ruisheng coating agents were tested in the corn planting test field, and it was found that Ruisheng seed coating not only promoted the growth and development of corn, but also increased the yield of corn, and the control effect of corn on corn smut reached 93.52%. The control effect of shrinkage disease has reached 58.12%, and the control effect of underground pests has reached 80.48%. It is a very safe seed coating agent and can be widely promoted in corn planting areas.展开更多
As a large agricultural country,China's agricultural development level not only affects the quality of life of the residents,but also affects China's economic development level.However,the occurrence of plant ...As a large agricultural country,China's agricultural development level not only affects the quality of life of the residents,but also affects China's economic development level.However,the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests every year will bring certain disasters and great economic losses to agriculture.Therefore,it is particularly important to do a good job in the prevention and control of agricultural plant diseases and insect pests.However,as an extremely cold region,Tibet's economic development is relatively backward.Although relevant measures have been taken to control plant diseases and insect pests,the overall effect is still not satisfactory.Therefore,in order to avoid the occurrence of large-scale diseases and insect pests in Tibet,we should do a good job in the reasonable control of diseases and insect pests,and adopt relevant measures to reduce the occurrence rate of diseases and insect pests,and ensure that the economic losses caused by diseases and insect pests to farmers are minimized,so as to effectively improve the planting efficiency of farmers'crops.展开更多
This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their...This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their applications in agricultural pest control.Furthermore,the paper examines the future developmental directions of M.alternifolia essential oil in pest control,along with the current challenges associated with its application.The aim is to offer insights for future research on botanical essential oils,particularly regarding their biological functions and applications in agricultural pest control.展开更多
Soil flame disinfestation(SFD) is a form of physical disinfestation that can be used both in greenhouses and on field crops. Its use for soil disinfestation in different crop growing conditions makes it increasingly a...Soil flame disinfestation(SFD) is a form of physical disinfestation that can be used both in greenhouses and on field crops. Its use for soil disinfestation in different crop growing conditions makes it increasingly attractive for controlling soilborne pathogens and weeds. But little is known about the effect on weeds and soilbrone diseases. This study reports on greenhouses and field crops in China that determined the efficacy of SFD to control weeds, nematodes and fungi. It also determined the impact of SFD on the soil physical and chemical properties(water content, bulk density, NO3^–-N content, NH4^+-N content, conductivity and organic matter) in three field trials. A second generation SFD machine was used in these trials. SFD treatment significantly reduced weeds(>87.8%) and root-knot nematodes(Meloidogyne incognita)(>98.1%). Plant height and crop yield was significantly increased with SFD treatment. NO3^–-N and NH4^+-N increased after the SFD treatment, and there was also an increase in soil conductivity. Water content, bulk density and organic matter decreased significantly in the soil after the SFD treatment compared to the control. Soil flame disinfestation is a potential technique for controlling weeds and diseases in greenhouses or in fields. SFD is a non-chemical, safe, environmentally-friendly soil disinfection method.展开更多
THE Torch Festival is the most significant and grandest celebration for all Yi communities across China’s Yunnan,Guizhou,and Sichuan provinces,with a history spanning over a thousand years.It reflects the Yi people’...THE Torch Festival is the most significant and grandest celebration for all Yi communities across China’s Yunnan,Guizhou,and Sichuan provinces,with a history spanning over a thousand years.It reflects the Yi people’s long-standing reverence for fire.Originating from the Yi ancestors’worship of fire,the festival was intended to drive away pests and evil spirits,protect crops,and represent prayers for a bountiful harvest.展开更多
DealEdrtor,Dear Editor,Spodoptera litura,commonly known as the tobacco cutworm,is a polyphagous agricultural pest worldwide,causing significant economic losses to a wide range of crops.Over the past decades,S.litura h...DealEdrtor,Dear Editor,Spodoptera litura,commonly known as the tobacco cutworm,is a polyphagous agricultural pest worldwide,causing significant economic losses to a wide range of crops.Over the past decades,S.litura has developed high resistance levels to multiple chemical insecticides(Li et al.,2024),and shown low susceptibility to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton(Wan et al.,2008).展开更多
Cuticular proteins are essential for cuticle formation,molting,and survival in insects.However,functional analysis of cuticular proteins in the melon aphid has been limited.In this study,we identified an endocuticle s...Cuticular proteins are essential for cuticle formation,molting,and survival in insects.However,functional analysis of cuticular proteins in the melon aphid has been limited.In this study,we identified an endocuticle structural glycoprotein(ESG)AgSgAbd-2-like in the melon aphid Aphis gossypii,which is a member of the RR-1 subfamily of the CPR(cuticular protein containing the conserved Rebers-Riddiford motif)chitin-binding proteins.When double-stranded RNA is delivered epidermally,AgSgAbd-2-like is knocked down,resulting in molting defects and mortality.The expression of AgSgAbd-2-like is comparatively low prior to molting and increases following molting.Ecdysone signaling consistently suppresses AgSgAbd-2-like.Histologically,the endocuticle and whole cuticle are thinner in AgSgAbd-2-like RNA interference(RNAi)aphids,which is a leading cause of molting defects and mortality.Furthermore,knockdown of any other homolog of ESGs,including AgSgAbd-4,AgSgAbd-4-like,AgSgAbd-8-like,and AgSgAbd-9-like,results in molting defects and death,like that by AgSgAbd-2-like RNAi.These results indicate that the melon aphid ESGs are conserved in cuticle formation and could be potential targets for RNAi-based pest management.展开更多
The entomopathogenic nematode,Steinernema carpocapsae,was evaluated for control of the potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella,under laboratory conditions.We evaluated different concentrations of S.carpocapsae for c...The entomopathogenic nematode,Steinernema carpocapsae,was evaluated for control of the potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella,under laboratory conditions.We evaluated different concentrations of S.carpocapsae for control of 2 nd,3 rd,and 4 th instar P.operculella.The median lethal concentration(LC50)of S.carpocapsae infective juveniles(IJs)to 2 nd,3 rd and 4 th instar larvae of P.operculella was 200,363,181 IJs mL–1,respectively.With the extension of treatment time,the cumulative mortality increased for 2 nd,3 rd,and 4 th instar larvae and pupae of P.operculella.Fourth instars were the most susceptible for all observation periods.Therefore,our results suggest that S.carpocapsae could be an effective biological control agent for P.operculella.展开更多
The efficacies of biological and conventional chemical insecticides against two major insect pests of alfalfa(aphids and thrips)were compared in three sites across China’s alfalfa belt.In addition,the persistence of ...The efficacies of biological and conventional chemical insecticides against two major insect pests of alfalfa(aphids and thrips)were compared in three sites across China’s alfalfa belt.In addition,the persistence of the residues of chemical insecticides in alfalfa and their influence on the quality of alfalfa hay were examined.Efficacy varied among the different biological and chemical insecticides.The chemical insecticides were significantly more effective than biopesticides in a short time-frame.The efficacy period of biopesticides was significantly longer than that of chemical insecticides,and the corrected mortality rate of aphids in all regions was above 50%at 14 days after application.The analysis of pesticide residues showed that the residual doses of all the pesticides were within the allowed ranges after the safe period.The acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents in alfalfa hay were higher and the protein content was lower in chemical insecticide treatments than in biopesticide treatments in Hebei.The relative feeding value of alfalfa hay treated with Metarhizium anisopliae IPP330189 was the highest among the treatments.Compared with chemical insecticides,the yield of alfalfa hay was higher in the biopesticides treatments.Biopesticides show a stronger control effect on insect populations and also a better improvement in the quality of alfalfa hay than chemical insecticides.This study provides a basis for exploring and developing a comprehensive control regime for alfalfa insect pests in the different alfalfa-growing regions in China,and for reducing chemical insecticide usage and improving forage quality.展开更多
Colorado potato beetle(CPB),Leptinotarsa decemlineata,is a notorious destructive pest that mainly feeds on the leaves of potato and several other solanaceous plants.CPB is widely recognized for its adaptation to a rem...Colorado potato beetle(CPB),Leptinotarsa decemlineata,is a notorious destructive pest that mainly feeds on the leaves of potato and several other solanaceous plants.CPB is widely recognized for its adaptation to a remarkable variety of host plants and diverse climates,and its high resistance to insecticides and Bacillus thuringiensis toxins.RNA interference(RNAi)is a sequence-specific,endogenous gene silencing mechanism evoked by small RNA molecules that is used as a robust tool for virus and pest control.RNAi has been extensively tested for CPB management by employing various target genes and delivery methods.This article reviews the screening of RNAi target genes,efficient RNAi delivery systems,and factors affecting RNAi efficiency in CPB,which may help understand the mechanisms of RNAi and its application in CPB control strategy.展开更多
In comparison with integrated pest management and chemical control, the authors put forward a new strategy of forest pest control, named ecological control of forest pest （ECFP）. This paper reviewed the development ...In comparison with integrated pest management and chemical control, the authors put forward a new strategy of forest pest control, named ecological control of forest pest （ECFP）. This paper reviewed the development history, summarized the concept and principles of ECFP, discussed the technology and methods of ECFP, and evaluated the ECFP and its application conditions.展开更多
The exposure patterns of pest control and disinfection workers have changed after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak,but the health risks of chemical exposure have not been assessed.We identified these wor...The exposure patterns of pest control and disinfection workers have changed after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak,but the health risks of chemical exposure have not been assessed.We identified these workers’chemical exposure patterns and risks before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.We used data conducted between 2018(pre-pandemic)and 2021(post-pandemic)from three-year cross-sectional surveys on pest control and disinfection workers.Inhalation and dermal exposure concentrations were estimated using equations based on a biocidal product risk assessment model from the Korean National Institute of Environmental Research.The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of chemicals were calculated using the United States Environmental Protection Agency risk assessment model.We found that the annual work frequency(50^(th)percentile)of foggers using disinfectants increased the most among all the work types,from 140 uses/year to 176 uses/year after the COVID-19 outbreak.Moreover,all chemicals’non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks increased regardless of exposure routes.In the worst scenario(95^(th)percentile),the margin of exposure for citric acid,benzethonium chloride,benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl chlorides,and sodium chlorite of inhalation exposure,and isopropyl alcohol and benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl chlorides of dermal exposure were acceptable(>100)before the COVID-19outbreak but became unacceptable(<100)after the COVID-19 outbreak.Carcinogenic risks of dichlorvos from inhalation and dermal exposure were above acceptable levels(>10^(-6))before and after the COVID-19 outbreak but comparatively high after the COVID-19 outbreak.Additionally,significantly more workers experienced health symptoms after the COVID-19outbreak(p<0.05),with the most common being muscle lethargy(31%),skin/face stinging(28.7%),and breath shortness/neck pain(24.1%).展开更多
The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly use...The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly used chemical insecticides.We investigated the effects of the insect fungal pathogen Isaria javanica,alone and in combination with the chemical insecticide dinotefuran,on S.furcifera under both laboratory and field conditions.Our results show that I.javanica displays high infection efficiency and mortality for different stages of S.furcifera,reducing adult survival,female oviposition and ovary development.Laboratory bioassays showed that the combined use of I.javanica with a low dose(4-16 mg L^(-1))of dinotefuran resulted in higher mortality in S.furcifera than the use of I.javanica or dinotefuran alone.The combined treatment also had more significant effects on several host enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,catalase,peroxidase,and prophenol oxidase activities.In field trials,I.javanica effectively suppressed populations of rice planthoppers to low levels(22-64%of the level in untreated plots).Additional field experiments showed synergistic effects,i.e.,enhanced efficiency,for the control of S.furcifera populations using the combination of a low dose of I.javanica(1×10^(4) conidia mL^(-1))and a low dose of dinotefuran(~4.8-19.2%of normal field use levels),with control effects of>90%and a population level under 50 insects per 100 hills at 3-14 days post-treatment.Our findings indicate that the entomogenous fungus I.javanica offers an attractive biological control addition as part of the integrated pest management(IPM)practices for the control of rice plant pests.展开更多
This paper proposes a pest propagation model to investigate the evolution behaviours of pest aggregates. A pest aggregate grows by self-monomer birth, and it may fragment into two smaller ones. The kinetic evolution b...This paper proposes a pest propagation model to investigate the evolution behaviours of pest aggregates. A pest aggregate grows by self-monomer birth, and it may fragment into two smaller ones. The kinetic evolution behaviours of pest aggregates are investigated by the rate equation approach based on the mean-field theory. For a system with a self-birth rate kernel I（k） = Ik and a fragmentation rate kernel L（i,j） = L, we find that the total number MoA（t） and the total mass of the pest aggregates MA （t） both increase exponentially with time if L ≠ 0. Furthermore, we introduce two catalysis-driven monomer death mechanisms for the former pest propagation model to study the evolution behaviours of pest aggregates under pesticide and natural enemy controlled pest propagation. In the pesticide controlled model with a catalyzed monomer death rate kernel J1 （k） ---- J1 k, it is found that only when I 〈 J1 B0 （B0 is the concentration of catalyst aggregates） can the pests be killed off. Otherwise, the pest aggregates can survive. In the model of pest control with a natural enemy, a pest aggregate loses one of its individuals and the number of natural enemies increases by one. For this system, we find that no matter how many natural enemies there are at the beginning, pests will be eliminated by them eventually.展开更多
Cotton bollworm(He1icoverpa armigera)is an important agricultural pest that causes severe yield loss to crops,particularly to cotton.Transgenic Bt crops have been successful in protecting plant s,however,Bt proteins a...Cotton bollworm(He1icoverpa armigera)is an important agricultural pest that causes severe yield loss to crops,particularly to cotton.Transgenic Bt crops have been successful in protecting plant s,however,Bt proteins are to xic to all lepidopteran insects but have little effects to sucking pests,such as aphids.Furthermore,the continuo us use of Bt crop s increases insect resistance.These call for new transgenic app roac hes of pest control.The bollworms have adapted to cotto n plants,de-spite that most cotton cultivars accumulate a high level of gossypol and related sesquiterpene p hytoa-lexins.展开更多
基金Supported by College-level Scientific Research Project of Guizhou Industry Polytechnic College(2023ZK112023ZK10)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Project of Guizhou Industry Polytechnic College(2023CXTD03).
文摘To further enhance the yield and quality of kiwifruit and promote the sustainable development of the kiwifruit industry,this paper summarized the characteristics,damage sites,and control methods of major kiwifruit diseases and pests.It pointed out the main issues in current kiwifruit pest and disease management and proposed corresponding solutions.The prevention and control of kiwifruit pests should adhere to the principle of"prevention first,integrated management",and standardized planting modes should be implemented.In this process,priority should be given to agricultural,physical,and biological control methods to effectively reduce the use of chemical pesticides.
文摘Smart pest control is crucial for building farmresilience andensuringsustainable agriculture inthe faceof climate change and environmental challenges.To achieve effective intelligent monitoring systems,agricultural pest and disease detectionmust overcome three fundamental challenges:feature degradation in dense vegetation environments,limited detection capability for sub-32×32 pixel targets,and inadequate bounding box regression for irregular pest morphologies.This study proposes YOLOv12-KMA,a novel detection framework that addresses these limitations through four synergistic architectural innovations,specifically optimized for agricultural environments.First,we introduce efficient multi-head attention(C3K2-EMA),which reduces noise interference by 41%through selective regional attention while maintaining O(k⋅n⋅d)computational complexity vs.O(n2⋅d)for standard attention.Second,we develop A2C2f-KAN modules embedding Kolmogorov-Arnold networks(KAN)with B-spline activation functions,achieving 15%better feature representation for small targets without global distortion.Third,we propose minimum point distance intersection over union(MPDIoU)loss that resolves aspect ratio degeneration issues in complete intersection over union(CIoU),accelerating convergence by 23%for irregular pest shapes.Fourth,we implement the dynamic sampling(DySample)module that reduces computational overhead by 72%while preserving 94%feature fidelity compared to conventional interpolation methods.Comprehensive validation on 8742 annotated agricultural images demonstrates significant improvements:2.6 percentage point increase in mean average precision(mAP)@0.5(91.0%→93.6%),3.2 percentage point gain in mAP@0.5:0.95,with precision and recall improvements of 4.8%and 2.4%,respectively.Statistical analysis confirms significance(p<0.001)with large effect sizes(η2=0.78).The optimized architecture maintains real-time performance at 159 frames per second(FPS)on consumer hardware,enabling practical deployment in precision agriculture monitoring systems.
基金Supported by Special Fund for China Agricultural Industry Research System(CARS-20-2-2)Special Fund for Agricultural Industry Research System of Yunnan Province(YNGZTX-4-92)
文摘[Objective]The paper was to screen a new ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxic pesticide and convenient and efficient pesticide application technology for controlling Ceratovacuna lanigera and Baliathrips serratus. [Method]2% Imidacloprid GR were selected and applied in the soil for field efficacy trial. [Result] The optimum dosage of 2% imidacloprid GR was 30 kg/hm^2（ active ingredient 600 g）,which can be mixed with fertilizer（ 30 kg pesticide and 40-80 kg fertilizer per hm^2） once combined with sugarcane planting management or big ridging during February and June. The control effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus could be more than 98. 2% and 81. 1%,respectively. The actual yield and sugar content in various pesticide treatments were increased by 33 390 kg/hm^2 and 6. 6% respectively compared to blank control. [Conclusion]2% imidacloprid GR has good control effects on C. lanigera and B. serratus. It is a new pesticide with ideal sustained-release,long-lasting and low-toxin effects against C. lanigera and B. serratus. Therefore,it could be used alternatively with other pesticides,to delay production and development of drug resistance.
基金Supported by Construction of Kiwifruit Germplasm Resources Nursery in Lushan Botanical Garden
文摘Survey on pests in Actinidia plants in Lushan botanical garden of China found that the insects causing damage on Actinidia plants mainly were grasshop- pers, scarabs, stinkbugs, leafhoppers, larvae of butterflies and moths, leaf milers and borers, belonging to 50 species and 23 families. According to the regularity of their reproduction and development, as well as the characteristics of pest d mnages on plants, chemical agents were applied in flower bud expansion stage and early fruit setting stage of Actinidia plants. The results showed that rational application of chemical agents before and after flowering stage could effectively control largescale occurrence of pests.
基金Supported by Fund for Independent Innovation of Agricultural Sciences and Technology in Jiangsu Province[CX(09)615]
文摘Abstract According to rules in GB/T 1.1 - 2009 Directives for The Work of Standardization Unit I ： Structure and Writing of Standards, based on occurrence characteristics of major peats and diseases in protected cultivation of grape and the actual condition of production in Yancheng City of Jiangsu Province of China, the control procedures for pests and diseases in protected cultivation of grape in Yancheng City are developed in the paper.
文摘Seed coating agent is a new type of crop seed treatment technology, which has been widely used in corn, rice and other crop seed treatment in recent years. It has achieved certain results in pest control. In this paper, different formulations of Ruisheng coating agents were tested in the corn planting test field, and it was found that Ruisheng seed coating not only promoted the growth and development of corn, but also increased the yield of corn, and the control effect of corn on corn smut reached 93.52%. The control effect of shrinkage disease has reached 58.12%, and the control effect of underground pests has reached 80.48%. It is a very safe seed coating agent and can be widely promoted in corn planting areas.
文摘As a large agricultural country,China's agricultural development level not only affects the quality of life of the residents,but also affects China's economic development level.However,the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests every year will bring certain disasters and great economic losses to agriculture.Therefore,it is particularly important to do a good job in the prevention and control of agricultural plant diseases and insect pests.However,as an extremely cold region,Tibet's economic development is relatively backward.Although relevant measures have been taken to control plant diseases and insect pests,the overall effect is still not satisfactory.Therefore,in order to avoid the occurrence of large-scale diseases and insect pests in Tibet,we should do a good job in the reasonable control of diseases and insect pests,and adopt relevant measures to reduce the occurrence rate of diseases and insect pests,and ensure that the economic losses caused by diseases and insect pests to farmers are minimized,so as to effectively improve the planting efficiency of farmers'crops.
基金Supported by Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Guangdong Province(202310580005)Youth Project of Zhaoqing University(QN202443)China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-26).
文摘This paper systematically introduces the extraction process of the active components from the essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia,elucidates the biological functions of these active components,and summarizes their applications in agricultural pest control.Furthermore,the paper examines the future developmental directions of M.alternifolia essential oil in pest control,along with the current challenges associated with its application.The aim is to offer insights for future research on botanical essential oils,particularly regarding their biological functions and applications in agricultural pest control.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0201600)the Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System, China (BAIC01-2017)
文摘Soil flame disinfestation(SFD) is a form of physical disinfestation that can be used both in greenhouses and on field crops. Its use for soil disinfestation in different crop growing conditions makes it increasingly attractive for controlling soilborne pathogens and weeds. But little is known about the effect on weeds and soilbrone diseases. This study reports on greenhouses and field crops in China that determined the efficacy of SFD to control weeds, nematodes and fungi. It also determined the impact of SFD on the soil physical and chemical properties(water content, bulk density, NO3^–-N content, NH4^+-N content, conductivity and organic matter) in three field trials. A second generation SFD machine was used in these trials. SFD treatment significantly reduced weeds(>87.8%) and root-knot nematodes(Meloidogyne incognita)(>98.1%). Plant height and crop yield was significantly increased with SFD treatment. NO3^–-N and NH4^+-N increased after the SFD treatment, and there was also an increase in soil conductivity. Water content, bulk density and organic matter decreased significantly in the soil after the SFD treatment compared to the control. Soil flame disinfestation is a potential technique for controlling weeds and diseases in greenhouses or in fields. SFD is a non-chemical, safe, environmentally-friendly soil disinfection method.
文摘THE Torch Festival is the most significant and grandest celebration for all Yi communities across China’s Yunnan,Guizhou,and Sichuan provinces,with a history spanning over a thousand years.It reflects the Yi people’s long-standing reverence for fire.Originating from the Yi ancestors’worship of fire,the festival was intended to drive away pests and evil spirits,protect crops,and represent prayers for a bountiful harvest.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32071477,32272634).
文摘DealEdrtor,Dear Editor,Spodoptera litura,commonly known as the tobacco cutworm,is a polyphagous agricultural pest worldwide,causing significant economic losses to a wide range of crops.Over the past decades,S.litura has developed high resistance levels to multiple chemical insecticides(Li et al.,2024),and shown low susceptibility to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)cotton(Wan et al.,2008).
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1401200 and 2022YFD1400500 to Dan Wang)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030012 to Jie Shen).
文摘Cuticular proteins are essential for cuticle formation,molting,and survival in insects.However,functional analysis of cuticular proteins in the melon aphid has been limited.In this study,we identified an endocuticle structural glycoprotein(ESG)AgSgAbd-2-like in the melon aphid Aphis gossypii,which is a member of the RR-1 subfamily of the CPR(cuticular protein containing the conserved Rebers-Riddiford motif)chitin-binding proteins.When double-stranded RNA is delivered epidermally,AgSgAbd-2-like is knocked down,resulting in molting defects and mortality.The expression of AgSgAbd-2-like is comparatively low prior to molting and increases following molting.Ecdysone signaling consistently suppresses AgSgAbd-2-like.Histologically,the endocuticle and whole cuticle are thinner in AgSgAbd-2-like RNA interference(RNAi)aphids,which is a leading cause of molting defects and mortality.Furthermore,knockdown of any other homolog of ESGs,including AgSgAbd-4,AgSgAbd-4-like,AgSgAbd-8-like,and AgSgAbd-9-like,results in molting defects and death,like that by AgSgAbd-2-like RNAi.These results indicate that the melon aphid ESGs are conserved in cuticle formation and could be potential targets for RNAi-based pest management.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0200802)
文摘The entomopathogenic nematode,Steinernema carpocapsae,was evaluated for control of the potato tuber moth,Phthorimaea operculella,under laboratory conditions.We evaluated different concentrations of S.carpocapsae for control of 2 nd,3 rd,and 4 th instar P.operculella.The median lethal concentration(LC50)of S.carpocapsae infective juveniles(IJs)to 2 nd,3 rd and 4 th instar larvae of P.operculella was 200,363,181 IJs mL–1,respectively.With the extension of treatment time,the cumulative mortality increased for 2 nd,3 rd,and 4 th instar larvae and pupae of P.operculella.Fourth instars were the most susceptible for all observation periods.Therefore,our results suggest that S.carpocapsae could be an effective biological control agent for P.operculella.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(CARS-34).
文摘The efficacies of biological and conventional chemical insecticides against two major insect pests of alfalfa(aphids and thrips)were compared in three sites across China’s alfalfa belt.In addition,the persistence of the residues of chemical insecticides in alfalfa and their influence on the quality of alfalfa hay were examined.Efficacy varied among the different biological and chemical insecticides.The chemical insecticides were significantly more effective than biopesticides in a short time-frame.The efficacy period of biopesticides was significantly longer than that of chemical insecticides,and the corrected mortality rate of aphids in all regions was above 50%at 14 days after application.The analysis of pesticide residues showed that the residual doses of all the pesticides were within the allowed ranges after the safe period.The acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber contents in alfalfa hay were higher and the protein content was lower in chemical insecticide treatments than in biopesticide treatments in Hebei.The relative feeding value of alfalfa hay treated with Metarhizium anisopliae IPP330189 was the highest among the treatments.Compared with chemical insecticides,the yield of alfalfa hay was higher in the biopesticides treatments.Biopesticides show a stronger control effect on insect populations and also a better improvement in the quality of alfalfa hay than chemical insecticides.This study provides a basis for exploring and developing a comprehensive control regime for alfalfa insect pests in the different alfalfa-growing regions in China,and for reducing chemical insecticide usage and improving forage quality.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31572071)
文摘Colorado potato beetle(CPB),Leptinotarsa decemlineata,is a notorious destructive pest that mainly feeds on the leaves of potato and several other solanaceous plants.CPB is widely recognized for its adaptation to a remarkable variety of host plants and diverse climates,and its high resistance to insecticides and Bacillus thuringiensis toxins.RNA interference(RNAi)is a sequence-specific,endogenous gene silencing mechanism evoked by small RNA molecules that is used as a robust tool for virus and pest control.RNAi has been extensively tested for CPB management by employing various target genes and delivery methods.This article reviews the screening of RNAi target genes,efficient RNAi delivery systems,and factors affecting RNAi efficiency in CPB,which may help understand the mechanisms of RNAi and its application in CPB control strategy.
基金This study was supported by National High-Tech R﹠D Programmer of China (No.2003AA249070)
文摘In comparison with integrated pest management and chemical control, the authors put forward a new strategy of forest pest control, named ecological control of forest pest （ECFP）. This paper reviewed the development history, summarized the concept and principles of ECFP, discussed the technology and methods of ECFP, and evaluated the ECFP and its application conditions.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2021R1F1A1063967)。
文摘The exposure patterns of pest control and disinfection workers have changed after the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak,but the health risks of chemical exposure have not been assessed.We identified these workers’chemical exposure patterns and risks before and after the COVID-19 outbreak.We used data conducted between 2018(pre-pandemic)and 2021(post-pandemic)from three-year cross-sectional surveys on pest control and disinfection workers.Inhalation and dermal exposure concentrations were estimated using equations based on a biocidal product risk assessment model from the Korean National Institute of Environmental Research.The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of chemicals were calculated using the United States Environmental Protection Agency risk assessment model.We found that the annual work frequency(50^(th)percentile)of foggers using disinfectants increased the most among all the work types,from 140 uses/year to 176 uses/year after the COVID-19 outbreak.Moreover,all chemicals’non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks increased regardless of exposure routes.In the worst scenario(95^(th)percentile),the margin of exposure for citric acid,benzethonium chloride,benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl chlorides,and sodium chlorite of inhalation exposure,and isopropyl alcohol and benzyl-C12-16-alkyldimethyl chlorides of dermal exposure were acceptable(>100)before the COVID-19outbreak but became unacceptable(<100)after the COVID-19 outbreak.Carcinogenic risks of dichlorvos from inhalation and dermal exposure were above acceptable levels(>10^(-6))before and after the COVID-19 outbreak but comparatively high after the COVID-19 outbreak.Additionally,significantly more workers experienced health symptoms after the COVID-19outbreak(p<0.05),with the most common being muscle lethargy(31%),skin/face stinging(28.7%),and breath shortness/neck pain(24.1%).
基金funded by grants from the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou,China(202002020029)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(2019B020217003)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD02003)the National Key Technology Support Program of China(201303019-02)。
文摘The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly used chemical insecticides.We investigated the effects of the insect fungal pathogen Isaria javanica,alone and in combination with the chemical insecticide dinotefuran,on S.furcifera under both laboratory and field conditions.Our results show that I.javanica displays high infection efficiency and mortality for different stages of S.furcifera,reducing adult survival,female oviposition and ovary development.Laboratory bioassays showed that the combined use of I.javanica with a low dose(4-16 mg L^(-1))of dinotefuran resulted in higher mortality in S.furcifera than the use of I.javanica or dinotefuran alone.The combined treatment also had more significant effects on several host enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,catalase,peroxidase,and prophenol oxidase activities.In field trials,I.javanica effectively suppressed populations of rice planthoppers to low levels(22-64%of the level in untreated plots).Additional field experiments showed synergistic effects,i.e.,enhanced efficiency,for the control of S.furcifera populations using the combination of a low dose of I.javanica(1×10^(4) conidia mL^(-1))and a low dose of dinotefuran(~4.8-19.2%of normal field use levels),with control effects of>90%and a population level under 50 insects per 100 hills at 3-14 days post-treatment.Our findings indicate that the entomogenous fungus I.javanica offers an attractive biological control addition as part of the integrated pest management(IPM)practices for the control of rice plant pests.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10875086 and 10775104)
文摘This paper proposes a pest propagation model to investigate the evolution behaviours of pest aggregates. A pest aggregate grows by self-monomer birth, and it may fragment into two smaller ones. The kinetic evolution behaviours of pest aggregates are investigated by the rate equation approach based on the mean-field theory. For a system with a self-birth rate kernel I（k） = Ik and a fragmentation rate kernel L（i,j） = L, we find that the total number MoA（t） and the total mass of the pest aggregates MA （t） both increase exponentially with time if L ≠ 0. Furthermore, we introduce two catalysis-driven monomer death mechanisms for the former pest propagation model to study the evolution behaviours of pest aggregates under pesticide and natural enemy controlled pest propagation. In the pesticide controlled model with a catalyzed monomer death rate kernel J1 （k） ---- J1 k, it is found that only when I 〈 J1 B0 （B0 is the concentration of catalyst aggregates） can the pests be killed off. Otherwise, the pest aggregates can survive. In the model of pest control with a natural enemy, a pest aggregate loses one of its individuals and the number of natural enemies increases by one. For this system, we find that no matter how many natural enemies there are at the beginning, pests will be eliminated by them eventually.
文摘Cotton bollworm(He1icoverpa armigera)is an important agricultural pest that causes severe yield loss to crops,particularly to cotton.Transgenic Bt crops have been successful in protecting plant s,however,Bt proteins are to xic to all lepidopteran insects but have little effects to sucking pests,such as aphids.Furthermore,the continuo us use of Bt crop s increases insect resistance.These call for new transgenic app roac hes of pest control.The bollworms have adapted to cotto n plants,de-spite that most cotton cultivars accumulate a high level of gossypol and related sesquiterpene p hytoa-lexins.
