A large number of runaway electrons(REs)generated during disruption can cause significant damage to next-generation large-scale tokamaks.The influence of three-dimensional(3D)helical magnetic perturbations on the supp...A large number of runaway electrons(REs)generated during disruption can cause significant damage to next-generation large-scale tokamaks.The influence of three-dimensional(3D)helical magnetic perturbations on the suppression of RE generation was explored using a set of 3D helical coils in J-TEXT tokamak,which can excite m/n=-2/2 helical magnetic perturbations.Experimental evidence shows that the-2/2 magnetic perturbations caused by the opposite coil current direct plasma toward the high-field side,simultaneously enhancing the magnetic fluctuations,which would enhance the radial loss of REs and even prevent RE generation.On the other hand,-2/2 magnetic perturbations can also reduce the cooling time during the disruption phase and generate a population of high-energy REs,which can interact with high-frequency magnetic fluctuations and in turn suppress RE generation.The critical helical coil current was found to correlate with electron density,requiring higher coil currents at higher densities.According to the statistical analysis of RE generation at different electron densities,the applied-2/2 magnetic perturbations can increase the magnetic fluctuations to the same level at lower electron densities,which can decrease the threshold electron density for RE suppression.This will be beneficial for RE mitigation in future large tokamak devices.展开更多
An experimental study was conducted with the aim of understanding behavior of asymmetric vortices flow over a chined fuselage.The tests were carried out in a wind tunnel at Reynolds number of 1.87 · 105 under the...An experimental study was conducted with the aim of understanding behavior of asymmetric vortices flow over a chined fuselage.The tests were carried out in a wind tunnel at Reynolds number of 1.87 · 105 under the conditions of high angles of attack and zero angle of sideslip.The results show that leeward vortices flow becomes asymmetric vortices flow when angle of attack increases over 20.The asymmetric vortices flow is asymmetry of two forebody vortices owing to the increase of angle of attack but not asymmetry of vortex breakdown which appears when angle of attack is above 35.Asymmetric vortices flow is sensitive to tip perturbation and is nondeterministic due to randomly distributed natural minute geometrical irregularities on the nose tip within machining tolerance.Deterministic asymmetric vortices flow can be obtained by attaching artificial tip perturbation which can trigger asymmetric vortices flow and decide asymmetric vortices flow pattern.Triggered by artificial tip perturbation, the vortex on the same side with perturbation is in a higher position, and the other vortex on the opposite side is in a lower position.Vortex suction on the lower vortex side is larger, which corresponds to a side force pointing to the lower vortex side.展开更多
Influence of random initial amplitude perturbations on the lilamentation ot prefocused femtosecond laser pulses is numerically studied. Simulations are performed for the filamentation of laser pulses with different mo...Influence of random initial amplitude perturbations on the lilamentation ot prefocused femtosecond laser pulses is numerically studied. Simulations are performed for the filamentation of laser pulses with different modulation degrees and initial geometric focusings. The transverse waist of the laser beam is 5 mm. The behavior of the filament is strongly affected by the initial non-uniformity of the laser pulse envelope for a short initial focal length （f = 1 m）. In this case, the filament and plasma channel can survive for a longer distance with a small initial amplitude perturbation. For a laser pulse focused by a lens with a long focal length （f = 4 m）, decrease in the initial perturbation does not contribute to the length of the filament and the plasma channel.展开更多
Based on the Kullback-Leibler distance and information distance, someinfluence measures for model perturbations and explanatory variablap ia reg,ressionmodels are proposed.The new influence measures can be used to ide...Based on the Kullback-Leibler distance and information distance, someinfluence measures for model perturbations and explanatory variablap ia reg,ressionmodels are proposed.The new influence measures can be used to identify influentialcases and to assess the effect of explanatory variables on the interested parametersThe method is adaptable for a variety of regression models.展开更多
For deeper understanding the process of baryonic matter evolution in the expanding Universe it is necessary to know the physical property of concrete field that represents the background of substrate type of dark ener...For deeper understanding the process of baryonic matter evolution in the expanding Universe it is necessary to know the physical property of concrete field that represents the background of substrate type of dark energy. Beside, it is necessary to explore in details the influence of such field on the continuous medium of baryonic matter. These statements were realized for the quintessence field that describes by two gravitating scalar fields. They give own contributions at the total pressure and at the total mass density of baryonic matter. It allowed show that evolution of baryonic matter’s density perturbations obeys the equation of forced oscillations and admits the resonance case, when amplitude of baryonic matter’s density perturbations gets the strong short-time splash. This splash interprets as a new macroscopic mechanism of the initial matter density perturbations appearance.展开更多
The influence of Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) on the subseasonal prediction of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) event is investigated by utilizing the Community Atmospheric Model version 4. The optimal Arcti...The influence of Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) on the subseasonal prediction of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) event is investigated by utilizing the Community Atmospheric Model version 4. The optimal Arctic SIC perturbations which exert the greatest influence on the onset of an NAO event from a lead of three pentads (15 days) are obtained with a conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation approach. Numerical results show that there are two types of optimal Arctic SIC perturbations for each NAO event, with one weakening event (marked as type-1) and another strengthening event (marked as type-2). For positive NAO events, type-1 optimal SIC perturbations mainly show positive SIC anomalies in the Greenland, Barents, and Okhotsk Seas, while type-2 perturbations mainly feature negative SIC anomalies in these regions. For negative NAO events, the optimal SIC perturbations have almost opposite patterns to those in positive events, although there are some differences among these SIC perturbations due to different atmospheric initial conditions. Further diagnosis reveals that the optimal Arctic SIC perturbations first modify the surface turbulent heat flux and the temperature in the lower troposphere via diabatic processes. Afterward, the temperature in the low troposphere is mainly affected by dynamic advection. Finally, potential vorticity advection plays a crucial role in the 500-hPa geopotential height prediction in the northern North Atlantic sector during pentad 4, which influences NAO event prediction. These results highlight the importance of Arctic SIC on NAO event prediction and the spatial characteristics of the SIC perturbations may provide scientific support for target observations of SIC in improving NAO subseasonal predictions.展开更多
Combined with elastic network model(ENM),the perturbation response scanning(PRS)has emerged as a robust technique for pinpointing allosteric interactions within proteins.Here,we proposed the PRS analysis of drug-targe...Combined with elastic network model(ENM),the perturbation response scanning(PRS)has emerged as a robust technique for pinpointing allosteric interactions within proteins.Here,we proposed the PRS analysis of drug-target networks(DTNs),which could provide a promising avenue in network medicine.We demonstrated the utility of the method by introducing a deep learning and network perturbation-based framework,for drug repurposing of multiple sclerosis(MS).First,the MS comorbidity network was constructed by performing a random walk with restart algorithm based on shared genes between MS and other diseases as seed nodes.Then,based on topological analysis and functional annotation,the neurotransmission module was identified as the“therapeutic module”of MS.Further,perturbation scores of drugs on the module were calculated by constructing the DTN and introducing the PRS analysis,giving a list of repurposable drugs for MS.Mechanism of action analysis both at pathway and structural levels screened dihydroergocristine as a candidate drug of MS by targeting a serotonin receptor of se-rotonin 2B receptor(HTR2B).Finally,we established a cuprizone-induced chronic mouse model to evaluate the alteration of HTR2B in mouse brain regions and observed that HTR2B was significantly reduced in the cuprizone-induced mouse cortex.These findings proved that the network perturbation modeling is a promising avenue for drug repurposing of MS.As a useful systematic method,our approach can also be used to discover the new molecular mechanism and provide effective candidate drugs for other complex diseases.展开更多
BACKGROUND Identifying factors that influence non-curative resection(NCR)is critical to optimize treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes in patients with early gastric cancer(EGC).AIM To investigate the fact...BACKGROUND Identifying factors that influence non-curative resection(NCR)is critical to optimize treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes in patients with early gastric cancer(EGC).AIM To investigate the factors influencing the NCR of EGC and to evaluate the predictive value of these factors.METHODS The clinical data of 173 patients with EGC admitted between July 2020 and July 2023 were retrospectively collected.According to radical resection criteria,the patients were further divided into curative resection group(n=143)and NCR group(n=30).Clinical information was collected,including surgical method,tumor diameter,tumor site,ulcer formation,depth of invasion,pathological type,and lymph node metastasis.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors affecting non-curable resection.RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ulcer formation[odds ratio(OR)=3.53;95%confidence interval(CI):1.55-8.01,P=0.003],pathological type(OR=3.73;95%CI:1.60-8.74,P=0.002),tumor diameter(OR=3.15;95%CI:1.40-7.05,P=0.005),tumor location(OR=3.50;95%CI:1.16-10.58,P=0.027),lymph node metastasis(OR=4.40;95%CI:1.83-10.57,P=0.001),and depth of penetration(OR=3.75;95%CI:1.60-8.74,P=0.002)were all risk factors for NCR in EGC patients.Predictive analysis showed varying area under the curve values for factors such as tumor diameter(0.636),tumor location(0.608),ulcer formation(0.652),infiltration depth(0.658),pathological type(0.656),and lymph node metastasis(0.674).CONCLUSION The results suggest that factors such as tumor diameter,tumor location,ulcer formation,depth of invasion,pathological type,and lymph node metastasis increase the risk of NCR in EGC patients.展开更多
The large-scale exploitation of vanadium(Ⅴ) bearing minerals has led to a massive accumulation of Ⅴ tailings, of which Ⅴ pollution poses severe ecological risks. Although the mechanisms of Ⅴ stress to the microbia...The large-scale exploitation of vanadium(Ⅴ) bearing minerals has led to a massive accumulation of Ⅴ tailings, of which Ⅴ pollution poses severe ecological risks. Although the mechanisms of Ⅴ stress to the microbial community have been reported, the influential pathways in a multi-medium-containing system, for example, the soil-tailings-groundwater system,are unknown. The dynamic redox conditions and substance exchange within the system exhibited complex Ⅴ stress on the local microbial communities. In this study, the influence pathways of Ⅴ stress to the microbial community in the soil-tailings-groundwater system were first investigated. High Ⅴ contents were observed in groundwater(139.2 ± 0.15 μg/L) and soil(98.0–323.8 ± 0.02 mg/kg), respectively. Distinct microbial composition was observed for soil and groundwater, where soil showed the highest level of diversity and richness. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were dominant in soil and groundwater with a sum relative abundance of around 80 %. Based on redundancy analysis and structural equation models, Ⅴ was one of the vital driving factors affecting microbial communities. Groundwater microbial communities were influenced by Ⅴ via Cr, dissolved oxygen, and total nitrogen, while Fe, Mn, and total phosphorus were the key mediators for Ⅴ to affect soil microbial communities. Ⅴ affected the microbial community via metabolic pathways related to carbonaceous matter, which was involved in the establishment of survival strategies for metal stress. This study provides novel insights into the influence pathways of Ⅴ on the microorganisms in tailings reservoir for pollution bioremediation.展开更多
[Objective]The construction of weirs changes the hydraulic characteristics of rivers and affects the structure of phytoplankton communities and the health of aquatic ecosystems in the river.This study aims to explore ...[Objective]The construction of weirs changes the hydraulic characteristics of rivers and affects the structure of phytoplankton communities and the health of aquatic ecosystems in the river.This study aims to explore the nonlinear response relationship between phytoplankton community structure and its driving factors in spring and autumn in Furong Creek under the construction of cascade weirs.[Methods]The structure of phytoplankton communities and related environmental factors were investigated in Furong Creek from 2023 to 2024.This study focused on the analysis of the changes of nutrient concentrations and biomass of phytoplankton in autumn and spring within the same dry season in Furong Creek.Redundancy analysis was used to identify the key factors influencing the structure of phytoplankton communities.The MIKE 11 model was employed to simulate the hydrodynamic changes in the river.Combined with total nitrogen and permanganate index,a GAM model of phytoplankton diversity index and hydrodynamic factors was developed,and the change of phytoplankton diversity after the optimized layout of the cascade weirs was fitted.[Results]The result showed that the annual average value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index of phytoplankton in Furong Creek was 2.79,which was in a state of mild pollution.A total of 239 species from 95 genera in 8 phyla were identified.Among the phytoplankton,Chlorophyta was the dominant group throughout the year in Furong Creek,followed by Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta.The cell abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 3.11 to 20.64 mg/L and from 0.23 to 6.31 mg/L in spring and autumn,which indicated a clear seasonal succession of phytoplankton community structure.Compared with autumn,the relative abundance of Cyanophyta significantly decreased in spring across the whole river section,while Chrysophyta and Dinophyta showed significant increase at some monitoring sites,leading to water bloom phenomenon and a noticeable decline in the diversity of phytoplankton.The dominant species in the water bodies throughout the year were Cyclotella catenata,Chlorella vulgaris,Scenedesmus bijuga,Scenedesmus quadricauda,Chroomonas acuta,Cryptomonas ovata,and Cryptomonas erosa.Redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that hydrodynamic factors(v,h)and water environmental factors(TN,COD_(Mn))were the main influencing factors of phytoplankton community structure.[Conclusion]The result show that the nutrient concentration,phytoplankton biomass,and density in Furong Creek in spring are significantly higher than in autumn.The GAM model,constructed by combining hydrodynamic and environmental factors,can effectively reflect the nonlinear relationship between phytoplankton diversity index and its driving factors.In spring,with an increase in nutrient concentration,the habitat conditions of low flow speed and high water depths formed by overflow weirs will lead to a decrease in the Shannon-Wiener index of phytoplankton and an intensified risk of eutrophication.However,a reasonable layout scheme of cascade weirs will improve the diversity of phytoplankton and reduce the risk of eutrophication in the river.The findings of this study can help deepen the understanding of the ecological and environmental effects of cascade weir construction in the river.展开更多
The practical predictability of hail precipitation rates is significantly influenced by initial meteorological perturbations,stemming from various uncertainty sources.This study thoroughly assessed the predictability ...The practical predictability of hail precipitation rates is significantly influenced by initial meteorological perturbations,stemming from various uncertainty sources.This study thoroughly assessed the predictability of hail precipitation rates in both climatologically and flow-dependent perturbed ensembles(CEns and FEns).These ensembles incorporated initial meteorological uncertainties derived separately from two operational ensembles.Leveraging the Weather Research and Forecasting model,we conducted cloud-resolving simulations of an idealized hailstorm.The practical predictability of hail responded comparably to both climatological and flow-dependent uncertainties,which was revealed across the entire ensemble of 50 members.However,a notable difference emerged when comparing the peak hail precipitation rates among the top 10 and bottom 10 members.From a thermodynamic perspective,the primary source of uncertainty in hail precipitation lay in the significant variations in temperature stratification,particularly at-20℃and-40℃.On the microphysical front,perturbations within CEns generated greater uncertainty in the process of rainwater collection by hail,contributing significantly to the microphysical growth mechanisms of hail.Furthermore,the findings reveal a stronger dependency of hail precipitation uncertainty on thermodynamic perturbations compared to kinematic perturbations.These insights enhance the comprehension of the practical predictability of hail and contribute significantly to the understanding of ensemble forecasting for hail events.展开更多
In recent years,universal adversarial per-turbation(UAP)has attracted the attention of many re-searchers due to its good generalization.However,in order to generate an appropriate UAP,current methods usually require e...In recent years,universal adversarial per-turbation(UAP)has attracted the attention of many re-searchers due to its good generalization.However,in order to generate an appropriate UAP,current methods usually require either accessing the original dataset or meticulously constructing optimization functions and proxy datasets.In this paper,we aim to elimi-nate any dependency on proxy datasets and explore a method for generating Universal Adversarial Pertur-bations(UAP)on a single image.After revisiting re-search on UAP,we discovered that the key to gener-ating UAP lies in the accumulation of Individual Ad-versarial Perturbation(IAP)gradient,which prompted us to study the method of accumulating gradients from an IAP.We designed a simple and effective process to generate UAP,which only includes three steps:pre-cessing,generating an IAP and scaling the perturba-tions.Through our proposed process,any IAP gener-ated on an image can be constructed into a UAP with comparable performance,indicating that UAP can be generated free of data.Extensive experiments on var-ious classifiers and attack approaches demonstrate the superiority of our method on efficiency and aggressiveness.展开更多
The spatial-temporal distribution of charging loads for electric vehicles is influenced by multiple factors,Nowadays,the accuracy of the forecasts needs to be improved and the completeness of the modeling is relativel...The spatial-temporal distribution of charging loads for electric vehicles is influenced by multiple factors,Nowadays,the accuracy of the forecasts needs to be improved and the completeness of the modeling is relatively lacking.Therefore,this paper proposes a method for modeling the charging load of electric vehicles based on the influence of multiple factors.First,an in-depth analysis of the factors affecting the charging load of electric vehicles was conducted.Then,a model of electric vehicle electricity consumption per unit kilometer was constructed based on the influencing factors.Next,the electric vehicle,the charging station,the traffic network and the grid are modeled separately.In addition,a unified model of vehicle-station-road-network was constructed through the interaction and coupling of information between the models.Finally,the spatial-temporal distribution of electric vehicle charging loads was simulated using real data from a region.The study shows that the model is able to simulate the charging load of electric vehicles more accurately.Different traffic flows and areas have a significant impact on the charging load distribution.展开更多
Personalized nursing is a necessary means to improve the satisfaction of emergency pediatric nursing.It can enhance the responsiveness of nursing services,strengthen the emotional connection between nurses and patient...Personalized nursing is a necessary means to improve the satisfaction of emergency pediatric nursing.It can enhance the responsiveness of nursing services,strengthen the emotional connection between nurses and patients,and provide a theoretical basis for clinical practice.Therefore,in the context of the new era,it is necessary to deeply analyze the essence and connotation of personalized nursing,and analyze the existing deficiencies in current emergency pediatric personalized nursing,so as to develop effective improvement plans.Research shows that personalized nursing can significantly improve the satisfaction of emergency pediatric nursing,largely avoid nursing risks,and has strong clinical application value.This article summarizes and explores the research on the influence of personalized nursing on improving the satisfaction of emergency pediatric nursing,and puts forward corresponding views.展开更多
1 No one likes acknowledging that their thoughts and behaviors are easily influenced outside of their awareness.However,Daniel M.Wegner,author of The Illusion of Conscious Will,explains that people ignore how easily t...1 No one likes acknowledging that their thoughts and behaviors are easily influenced outside of their awareness.However,Daniel M.Wegner,author of The Illusion of Conscious Will,explains that people ignore how easily they can be manipulated(操纵)because they don't feel they are being manipulated.This is what happens:After our unconscious(无意识)mind motivates a thought or action,this urge or thought is then sent to our conscious mind.Here,we become aware of it and have the false impression of generating it independently.展开更多
Recent advances in wearable devices have enabled large-scale collection of sensor data across healthcare,sports,and other domains but this has also raised critical privacy concerns,especially under tightening regulati...Recent advances in wearable devices have enabled large-scale collection of sensor data across healthcare,sports,and other domains but this has also raised critical privacy concerns,especially under tightening regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR),which explicitly restrict the processing of data that can re-identify individuals.Although existing anonymization approaches such as the AnonymizingAutoEncoder(AAE)can reduce the risk of re-identification,they often introduce substantial waveform distortions and fail to preserve information beyond a single classification task(e.g.,human activity recognition).This study proposes a novel sensor data anonymization method based onAdversarial Perturbations(AP)to address these limitations.By generating minimal yet targeted noise,the proposed method significantly degrades the accuracy of identity classification while retaining essential features for multiple tasks such as activity,gender,or device-position recognition.Moreover,to enhance robustness against frequency-domain analysis,additional models trained on transformed(e.g.,short-time Fourier transform(STFT))representations are incorporated into the perturbation process.A multi-task formulation is introduced that selectively suppresses person-identifying features while reinforcing those relevant to other desired tasks without retraining large autoencoder-based architectures.The proposed framework is,to our knowledge,the first AP-based anonymization technique that(i)defends simultaneously against time-and frequency-domain attacks and(ii)allows per-task trade-off control on a single forward-back-propagation run,enabling real-time,on-device deployment on commodity hardware.On three public datasets,the proposed method reduces person-identification accuracy from 60–90%to near-chance levels(≤5%)while preserving the original activity-recognition F1 both in the time and frequency domains.Compared with the baseline AAE,the proposed method improves downstream task F1 and lowers waveform mean squared error,demonstrating a better privacy-utility trade-off without additional model retraining.These findings underscore the effectiveness and flexibility of AP in privacy-preserving sensor-data processing,offering a practical solution that safeguards user identity while retaining rich,application-critical information.展开更多
With increasingly severe global climate change,a low-carbon economy has become an inevitable trend in the development of the international community.Low-carbon economy is not only related to environmental protection b...With increasingly severe global climate change,a low-carbon economy has become an inevitable trend in the development of the international community.Low-carbon economy is not only related to environmental protection but also has a profound impact on international trade.The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of a low-carbon economy on the development of international trade and put forward corresponding strategy suggestions.By analyzing the connotation,characteristics,and mechanism of the low-carbon economy on international trade,this paper reveals the important role of the low-carbon economy in promoting the optimization of international trade structure,promoting green technology innovation,and strengthening international cooperation.At the same time,given the challenges brought by a low-carbon economy,this paper puts forward strategies such as strengthening policy guidance,promoting green technology innovation,and improving international trade rules to provide a reference for the sustainable development of international trade[1,2].展开更多
In this paper,we give some properties for the so-calledε-pseudo weakly demicompact linear operators acting on Banach spaces with respect to a closed linear operator.Some sufficient conditions on the entries of an unb...In this paper,we give some properties for the so-calledε-pseudo weakly demicompact linear operators acting on Banach spaces with respect to a closed linear operator.Some sufficient conditions on the entries of an unbounded 2×2 block operator matrix L_(0)ensuring itsε-pseudo weak demicompactness are provided.In addition,we apply the obtained results to discuss the incidence of some perturbation results on the behavior of essential pseudospectra of L_(0).The results are formulated in terms of some denseness conditions on the topological dual space.展开更多
The multiscale computational method with asymptotic analysis and reduced-order homogenization(ROH)gives a practical numerical solution for engineering problems,especially composite materials.Under the ROH framework,a ...The multiscale computational method with asymptotic analysis and reduced-order homogenization(ROH)gives a practical numerical solution for engineering problems,especially composite materials.Under the ROH framework,a partition-based unitcell structure at the mesoscale is utilized to give a mechanical state at the macro-scale quadrature point with pre-evaluated influence functions.In the past,the“1-phase,1-partition”rule was usually adopted in numerical analysis,where one constituent phase at the mesoscale formed one partition.The numerical cost then is significantly reduced by introducing an assumption that the mechanical responses are the same all the time at the same constituent,while it also introduces numerical inaccuracy.This study proposes a new partitioning method for fibrous unitcells under a reduced-order homogenization methodology.In this method,the fiber phase remains 1 partition,but the matrix phase is divided into 2 partitions,which refers to the“12”partitioning scheme.Analytical elastic influence+functions are derived by introducing the elastic strain energy equivalence(Hill-Mandel condition).This research also obtains the analytical eigenstrain influence functions by alleviating the so-called“inclusion-locking”phenomenon.In addition,a numerical approach to minimize the error of strain energy density is introduced to determine the partitioning of the matrix phase.Several numerical examples are presented to compare the differences among direct numerical simulation(DNS),“11”,and“12”partitioning schemes.The numerical simulations show improved++numerical accuracy by the“12”partitioning scheme.展开更多
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Energy R&D Program of China (Nos.2018YFE0309103 and 2019YFE03010004)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.12475222,12205122,and 51821005)Hubei International Science and Technology Cooperation Projects (No.2022EHB003)。
文摘A large number of runaway electrons(REs)generated during disruption can cause significant damage to next-generation large-scale tokamaks.The influence of three-dimensional(3D)helical magnetic perturbations on the suppression of RE generation was explored using a set of 3D helical coils in J-TEXT tokamak,which can excite m/n=-2/2 helical magnetic perturbations.Experimental evidence shows that the-2/2 magnetic perturbations caused by the opposite coil current direct plasma toward the high-field side,simultaneously enhancing the magnetic fluctuations,which would enhance the radial loss of REs and even prevent RE generation.On the other hand,-2/2 magnetic perturbations can also reduce the cooling time during the disruption phase and generate a population of high-energy REs,which can interact with high-frequency magnetic fluctuations and in turn suppress RE generation.The critical helical coil current was found to correlate with electron density,requiring higher coil currents at higher densities.According to the statistical analysis of RE generation at different electron densities,the applied-2/2 magnetic perturbations can increase the magnetic fluctuations to the same level at lower electron densities,which can decrease the threshold electron density for RE suppression.This will be beneficial for RE mitigation in future large tokamak devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.11172030, 11102012 and 11472028)
文摘An experimental study was conducted with the aim of understanding behavior of asymmetric vortices flow over a chined fuselage.The tests were carried out in a wind tunnel at Reynolds number of 1.87 · 105 under the conditions of high angles of attack and zero angle of sideslip.The results show that leeward vortices flow becomes asymmetric vortices flow when angle of attack increases over 20.The asymmetric vortices flow is asymmetry of two forebody vortices owing to the increase of angle of attack but not asymmetry of vortex breakdown which appears when angle of attack is above 35.Asymmetric vortices flow is sensitive to tip perturbation and is nondeterministic due to randomly distributed natural minute geometrical irregularities on the nose tip within machining tolerance.Deterministic asymmetric vortices flow can be obtained by attaching artificial tip perturbation which can trigger asymmetric vortices flow and decide asymmetric vortices flow pattern.Triggered by artificial tip perturbation, the vortex on the same side with perturbation is in a higher position, and the other vortex on the opposite side is in a lower position.Vortex suction on the lower vortex side is larger, which corresponds to a side force pointing to the lower vortex side.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.60621063,10634020,10734130 and 10521002)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(Nos.2007CB815101,2006CB806007)
文摘Influence of random initial amplitude perturbations on the lilamentation ot prefocused femtosecond laser pulses is numerically studied. Simulations are performed for the filamentation of laser pulses with different modulation degrees and initial geometric focusings. The transverse waist of the laser beam is 5 mm. The behavior of the filament is strongly affected by the initial non-uniformity of the laser pulse envelope for a short initial focal length （f = 1 m）. In this case, the filament and plasma channel can survive for a longer distance with a small initial amplitude perturbation. For a laser pulse focused by a lens with a long focal length （f = 4 m）, decrease in the initial perturbation does not contribute to the length of the filament and the plasma channel.
文摘Based on the Kullback-Leibler distance and information distance, someinfluence measures for model perturbations and explanatory variablap ia reg,ressionmodels are proposed.The new influence measures can be used to identify influentialcases and to assess the effect of explanatory variables on the interested parametersThe method is adaptable for a variety of regression models.
文摘For deeper understanding the process of baryonic matter evolution in the expanding Universe it is necessary to know the physical property of concrete field that represents the background of substrate type of dark energy. Beside, it is necessary to explore in details the influence of such field on the continuous medium of baryonic matter. These statements were realized for the quintessence field that describes by two gravitating scalar fields. They give own contributions at the total pressure and at the total mass density of baryonic matter. It allowed show that evolution of baryonic matter’s density perturbations obeys the equation of forced oscillations and admits the resonance case, when amplitude of baryonic matter’s density perturbations gets the strong short-time splash. This splash interprets as a new macroscopic mechanism of the initial matter density perturbations appearance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42288101,41790475,42005046,and 41775001).
文摘The influence of Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) on the subseasonal prediction of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) event is investigated by utilizing the Community Atmospheric Model version 4. The optimal Arctic SIC perturbations which exert the greatest influence on the onset of an NAO event from a lead of three pentads (15 days) are obtained with a conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation approach. Numerical results show that there are two types of optimal Arctic SIC perturbations for each NAO event, with one weakening event (marked as type-1) and another strengthening event (marked as type-2). For positive NAO events, type-1 optimal SIC perturbations mainly show positive SIC anomalies in the Greenland, Barents, and Okhotsk Seas, while type-2 perturbations mainly feature negative SIC anomalies in these regions. For negative NAO events, the optimal SIC perturbations have almost opposite patterns to those in positive events, although there are some differences among these SIC perturbations due to different atmospheric initial conditions. Further diagnosis reveals that the optimal Arctic SIC perturbations first modify the surface turbulent heat flux and the temperature in the lower troposphere via diabatic processes. Afterward, the temperature in the low troposphere is mainly affected by dynamic advection. Finally, potential vorticity advection plays a crucial role in the 500-hPa geopotential height prediction in the northern North Atlantic sector during pentad 4, which influences NAO event prediction. These results highlight the importance of Arctic SIC on NAO event prediction and the spatial characteristics of the SIC perturbations may provide scientific support for target observations of SIC in improving NAO subseasonal predictions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.:32271292,31872723,32200778,and 22377089)the Jiangsu Students Innovation and Entrepre-neurship Training Program,China(Program No.:202210285081Z)+6 种基金the Project of MOE Key Laboratory of Geriatric Diseases and Immunology,China(Project No.:JYN202404)Proj-ect Funded by the Priority Academic Program Development(PAPD)of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Project No.:BK20220494)Suzhou Medical and Health Technology Innovation Project,China(Grant No.:SKY2022107)the Clinical Research Center of Neuro-logical Disease in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University,China(Grant No.:ND2022A04)State Key Laboratory of Drug Research(Grant No.:SKLDR-2023-KF-05)Jiangsu Shuang-chuang Program for Doctor,Young Science Talents Promotion Project of Jiangsu Science and Technology Association(Program No.:TJ-2023-019)Young Science Talents Promotion Project of Suzhou Science and Technology Association,Suzhou International Joint Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases,and startup funding(Grant Nos.:NH21500221,NH21500122,and NH21500123)to Qifei Cong.
文摘Combined with elastic network model(ENM),the perturbation response scanning(PRS)has emerged as a robust technique for pinpointing allosteric interactions within proteins.Here,we proposed the PRS analysis of drug-target networks(DTNs),which could provide a promising avenue in network medicine.We demonstrated the utility of the method by introducing a deep learning and network perturbation-based framework,for drug repurposing of multiple sclerosis(MS).First,the MS comorbidity network was constructed by performing a random walk with restart algorithm based on shared genes between MS and other diseases as seed nodes.Then,based on topological analysis and functional annotation,the neurotransmission module was identified as the“therapeutic module”of MS.Further,perturbation scores of drugs on the module were calculated by constructing the DTN and introducing the PRS analysis,giving a list of repurposable drugs for MS.Mechanism of action analysis both at pathway and structural levels screened dihydroergocristine as a candidate drug of MS by targeting a serotonin receptor of se-rotonin 2B receptor(HTR2B).Finally,we established a cuprizone-induced chronic mouse model to evaluate the alteration of HTR2B in mouse brain regions and observed that HTR2B was significantly reduced in the cuprizone-induced mouse cortex.These findings proved that the network perturbation modeling is a promising avenue for drug repurposing of MS.As a useful systematic method,our approach can also be used to discover the new molecular mechanism and provide effective candidate drugs for other complex diseases.
文摘BACKGROUND Identifying factors that influence non-curative resection(NCR)is critical to optimize treatment strategies and improve patient outcomes in patients with early gastric cancer(EGC).AIM To investigate the factors influencing the NCR of EGC and to evaluate the predictive value of these factors.METHODS The clinical data of 173 patients with EGC admitted between July 2020 and July 2023 were retrospectively collected.According to radical resection criteria,the patients were further divided into curative resection group(n=143)and NCR group(n=30).Clinical information was collected,including surgical method,tumor diameter,tumor site,ulcer formation,depth of invasion,pathological type,and lymph node metastasis.Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the factors affecting non-curable resection.RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that ulcer formation[odds ratio(OR)=3.53;95%confidence interval(CI):1.55-8.01,P=0.003],pathological type(OR=3.73;95%CI:1.60-8.74,P=0.002),tumor diameter(OR=3.15;95%CI:1.40-7.05,P=0.005),tumor location(OR=3.50;95%CI:1.16-10.58,P=0.027),lymph node metastasis(OR=4.40;95%CI:1.83-10.57,P=0.001),and depth of penetration(OR=3.75;95%CI:1.60-8.74,P=0.002)were all risk factors for NCR in EGC patients.Predictive analysis showed varying area under the curve values for factors such as tumor diameter(0.636),tumor location(0.608),ulcer formation(0.652),infiltration depth(0.658),pathological type(0.656),and lymph node metastasis(0.674).CONCLUSION The results suggest that factors such as tumor diameter,tumor location,ulcer formation,depth of invasion,pathological type,and lymph node metastasis increase the risk of NCR in EGC patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42377415)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(No.2023NSFSC0811),Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Nos.2021JDTD0013 and 2021YFQ0066)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Major Project of Xizhang Autonomous Region of China(No.XZ202201ZD0004G06)the Everest Scientific Research Program(No.80000-2023ZF11405).
文摘The large-scale exploitation of vanadium(Ⅴ) bearing minerals has led to a massive accumulation of Ⅴ tailings, of which Ⅴ pollution poses severe ecological risks. Although the mechanisms of Ⅴ stress to the microbial community have been reported, the influential pathways in a multi-medium-containing system, for example, the soil-tailings-groundwater system,are unknown. The dynamic redox conditions and substance exchange within the system exhibited complex Ⅴ stress on the local microbial communities. In this study, the influence pathways of Ⅴ stress to the microbial community in the soil-tailings-groundwater system were first investigated. High Ⅴ contents were observed in groundwater(139.2 ± 0.15 μg/L) and soil(98.0–323.8 ± 0.02 mg/kg), respectively. Distinct microbial composition was observed for soil and groundwater, where soil showed the highest level of diversity and richness. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria were dominant in soil and groundwater with a sum relative abundance of around 80 %. Based on redundancy analysis and structural equation models, Ⅴ was one of the vital driving factors affecting microbial communities. Groundwater microbial communities were influenced by Ⅴ via Cr, dissolved oxygen, and total nitrogen, while Fe, Mn, and total phosphorus were the key mediators for Ⅴ to affect soil microbial communities. Ⅴ affected the microbial community via metabolic pathways related to carbonaceous matter, which was involved in the establishment of survival strategies for metal stress. This study provides novel insights into the influence pathways of Ⅴ on the microorganisms in tailings reservoir for pollution bioremediation.
文摘[Objective]The construction of weirs changes the hydraulic characteristics of rivers and affects the structure of phytoplankton communities and the health of aquatic ecosystems in the river.This study aims to explore the nonlinear response relationship between phytoplankton community structure and its driving factors in spring and autumn in Furong Creek under the construction of cascade weirs.[Methods]The structure of phytoplankton communities and related environmental factors were investigated in Furong Creek from 2023 to 2024.This study focused on the analysis of the changes of nutrient concentrations and biomass of phytoplankton in autumn and spring within the same dry season in Furong Creek.Redundancy analysis was used to identify the key factors influencing the structure of phytoplankton communities.The MIKE 11 model was employed to simulate the hydrodynamic changes in the river.Combined with total nitrogen and permanganate index,a GAM model of phytoplankton diversity index and hydrodynamic factors was developed,and the change of phytoplankton diversity after the optimized layout of the cascade weirs was fitted.[Results]The result showed that the annual average value of Shannon-Wiener diversity index of phytoplankton in Furong Creek was 2.79,which was in a state of mild pollution.A total of 239 species from 95 genera in 8 phyla were identified.Among the phytoplankton,Chlorophyta was the dominant group throughout the year in Furong Creek,followed by Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta.The cell abundance of phytoplankton ranged from 3.11 to 20.64 mg/L and from 0.23 to 6.31 mg/L in spring and autumn,which indicated a clear seasonal succession of phytoplankton community structure.Compared with autumn,the relative abundance of Cyanophyta significantly decreased in spring across the whole river section,while Chrysophyta and Dinophyta showed significant increase at some monitoring sites,leading to water bloom phenomenon and a noticeable decline in the diversity of phytoplankton.The dominant species in the water bodies throughout the year were Cyclotella catenata,Chlorella vulgaris,Scenedesmus bijuga,Scenedesmus quadricauda,Chroomonas acuta,Cryptomonas ovata,and Cryptomonas erosa.Redundancy analysis(RDA)showed that hydrodynamic factors(v,h)and water environmental factors(TN,COD_(Mn))were the main influencing factors of phytoplankton community structure.[Conclusion]The result show that the nutrient concentration,phytoplankton biomass,and density in Furong Creek in spring are significantly higher than in autumn.The GAM model,constructed by combining hydrodynamic and environmental factors,can effectively reflect the nonlinear relationship between phytoplankton diversity index and its driving factors.In spring,with an increase in nutrient concentration,the habitat conditions of low flow speed and high water depths formed by overflow weirs will lead to a decrease in the Shannon-Wiener index of phytoplankton and an intensified risk of eutrophication.However,a reasonable layout scheme of cascade weirs will improve the diversity of phytoplankton and reduce the risk of eutrophication in the river.The findings of this study can help deepen the understanding of the ecological and environmental effects of cascade weir construction in the river.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42005005 and 42030607)the Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2024JC-YBQN-0248)+2 种基金the Education Department of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.23JK0686)a Xi'an Science and Technology Project(Grant No.22GXFW0131)the Young Talent fund of the University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi(Grant No.20210706)。
文摘The practical predictability of hail precipitation rates is significantly influenced by initial meteorological perturbations,stemming from various uncertainty sources.This study thoroughly assessed the predictability of hail precipitation rates in both climatologically and flow-dependent perturbed ensembles(CEns and FEns).These ensembles incorporated initial meteorological uncertainties derived separately from two operational ensembles.Leveraging the Weather Research and Forecasting model,we conducted cloud-resolving simulations of an idealized hailstorm.The practical predictability of hail responded comparably to both climatological and flow-dependent uncertainties,which was revealed across the entire ensemble of 50 members.However,a notable difference emerged when comparing the peak hail precipitation rates among the top 10 and bottom 10 members.From a thermodynamic perspective,the primary source of uncertainty in hail precipitation lay in the significant variations in temperature stratification,particularly at-20℃and-40℃.On the microphysical front,perturbations within CEns generated greater uncertainty in the process of rainwater collection by hail,contributing significantly to the microphysical growth mechanisms of hail.Furthermore,the findings reveal a stronger dependency of hail precipitation uncertainty on thermodynamic perturbations compared to kinematic perturbations.These insights enhance the comprehension of the practical predictability of hail and contribute significantly to the understanding of ensemble forecasting for hail events.
基金supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62372395in part by the Research Foundation of Education Bureau of Hunan Province under Grant No.24A0105in part by the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.CX20230546).
文摘In recent years,universal adversarial per-turbation(UAP)has attracted the attention of many re-searchers due to its good generalization.However,in order to generate an appropriate UAP,current methods usually require either accessing the original dataset or meticulously constructing optimization functions and proxy datasets.In this paper,we aim to elimi-nate any dependency on proxy datasets and explore a method for generating Universal Adversarial Pertur-bations(UAP)on a single image.After revisiting re-search on UAP,we discovered that the key to gener-ating UAP lies in the accumulation of Individual Ad-versarial Perturbation(IAP)gradient,which prompted us to study the method of accumulating gradients from an IAP.We designed a simple and effective process to generate UAP,which only includes three steps:pre-cessing,generating an IAP and scaling the perturba-tions.Through our proposed process,any IAP gener-ated on an image can be constructed into a UAP with comparable performance,indicating that UAP can be generated free of data.Extensive experiments on var-ious classifiers and attack approaches demonstrate the superiority of our method on efficiency and aggressiveness.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB2501602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52077208)。
文摘The spatial-temporal distribution of charging loads for electric vehicles is influenced by multiple factors,Nowadays,the accuracy of the forecasts needs to be improved and the completeness of the modeling is relatively lacking.Therefore,this paper proposes a method for modeling the charging load of electric vehicles based on the influence of multiple factors.First,an in-depth analysis of the factors affecting the charging load of electric vehicles was conducted.Then,a model of electric vehicle electricity consumption per unit kilometer was constructed based on the influencing factors.Next,the electric vehicle,the charging station,the traffic network and the grid are modeled separately.In addition,a unified model of vehicle-station-road-network was constructed through the interaction and coupling of information between the models.Finally,the spatial-temporal distribution of electric vehicle charging loads was simulated using real data from a region.The study shows that the model is able to simulate the charging load of electric vehicles more accurately.Different traffic flows and areas have a significant impact on the charging load distribution.
文摘Personalized nursing is a necessary means to improve the satisfaction of emergency pediatric nursing.It can enhance the responsiveness of nursing services,strengthen the emotional connection between nurses and patients,and provide a theoretical basis for clinical practice.Therefore,in the context of the new era,it is necessary to deeply analyze the essence and connotation of personalized nursing,and analyze the existing deficiencies in current emergency pediatric personalized nursing,so as to develop effective improvement plans.Research shows that personalized nursing can significantly improve the satisfaction of emergency pediatric nursing,largely avoid nursing risks,and has strong clinical application value.This article summarizes and explores the research on the influence of personalized nursing on improving the satisfaction of emergency pediatric nursing,and puts forward corresponding views.
文摘1 No one likes acknowledging that their thoughts and behaviors are easily influenced outside of their awareness.However,Daniel M.Wegner,author of The Illusion of Conscious Will,explains that people ignore how easily they can be manipulated(操纵)because they don't feel they are being manipulated.This is what happens:After our unconscious(无意识)mind motivates a thought or action,this urge or thought is then sent to our conscious mind.Here,we become aware of it and have the false impression of generating it independently.
基金supported in part by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C)under Grants 23K11164.
文摘Recent advances in wearable devices have enabled large-scale collection of sensor data across healthcare,sports,and other domains but this has also raised critical privacy concerns,especially under tightening regulations such as the General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR),which explicitly restrict the processing of data that can re-identify individuals.Although existing anonymization approaches such as the AnonymizingAutoEncoder(AAE)can reduce the risk of re-identification,they often introduce substantial waveform distortions and fail to preserve information beyond a single classification task(e.g.,human activity recognition).This study proposes a novel sensor data anonymization method based onAdversarial Perturbations(AP)to address these limitations.By generating minimal yet targeted noise,the proposed method significantly degrades the accuracy of identity classification while retaining essential features for multiple tasks such as activity,gender,or device-position recognition.Moreover,to enhance robustness against frequency-domain analysis,additional models trained on transformed(e.g.,short-time Fourier transform(STFT))representations are incorporated into the perturbation process.A multi-task formulation is introduced that selectively suppresses person-identifying features while reinforcing those relevant to other desired tasks without retraining large autoencoder-based architectures.The proposed framework is,to our knowledge,the first AP-based anonymization technique that(i)defends simultaneously against time-and frequency-domain attacks and(ii)allows per-task trade-off control on a single forward-back-propagation run,enabling real-time,on-device deployment on commodity hardware.On three public datasets,the proposed method reduces person-identification accuracy from 60–90%to near-chance levels(≤5%)while preserving the original activity-recognition F1 both in the time and frequency domains.Compared with the baseline AAE,the proposed method improves downstream task F1 and lowers waveform mean squared error,demonstrating a better privacy-utility trade-off without additional model retraining.These findings underscore the effectiveness and flexibility of AP in privacy-preserving sensor-data processing,offering a practical solution that safeguards user identity while retaining rich,application-critical information.
文摘With increasingly severe global climate change,a low-carbon economy has become an inevitable trend in the development of the international community.Low-carbon economy is not only related to environmental protection but also has a profound impact on international trade.The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of a low-carbon economy on the development of international trade and put forward corresponding strategy suggestions.By analyzing the connotation,characteristics,and mechanism of the low-carbon economy on international trade,this paper reveals the important role of the low-carbon economy in promoting the optimization of international trade structure,promoting green technology innovation,and strengthening international cooperation.At the same time,given the challenges brought by a low-carbon economy,this paper puts forward strategies such as strengthening policy guidance,promoting green technology innovation,and improving international trade rules to provide a reference for the sustainable development of international trade[1,2].
文摘In this paper,we give some properties for the so-calledε-pseudo weakly demicompact linear operators acting on Banach spaces with respect to a closed linear operator.Some sufficient conditions on the entries of an unbounded 2×2 block operator matrix L_(0)ensuring itsε-pseudo weak demicompactness are provided.In addition,we apply the obtained results to discuss the incidence of some perturbation results on the behavior of essential pseudospectra of L_(0).The results are formulated in terms of some denseness conditions on the topological dual space.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1008901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11988102,12172009)“The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Peking University”.
文摘The multiscale computational method with asymptotic analysis and reduced-order homogenization(ROH)gives a practical numerical solution for engineering problems,especially composite materials.Under the ROH framework,a partition-based unitcell structure at the mesoscale is utilized to give a mechanical state at the macro-scale quadrature point with pre-evaluated influence functions.In the past,the“1-phase,1-partition”rule was usually adopted in numerical analysis,where one constituent phase at the mesoscale formed one partition.The numerical cost then is significantly reduced by introducing an assumption that the mechanical responses are the same all the time at the same constituent,while it also introduces numerical inaccuracy.This study proposes a new partitioning method for fibrous unitcells under a reduced-order homogenization methodology.In this method,the fiber phase remains 1 partition,but the matrix phase is divided into 2 partitions,which refers to the“12”partitioning scheme.Analytical elastic influence+functions are derived by introducing the elastic strain energy equivalence(Hill-Mandel condition).This research also obtains the analytical eigenstrain influence functions by alleviating the so-called“inclusion-locking”phenomenon.In addition,a numerical approach to minimize the error of strain energy density is introduced to determine the partitioning of the matrix phase.Several numerical examples are presented to compare the differences among direct numerical simulation(DNS),“11”,and“12”partitioning schemes.The numerical simulations show improved++numerical accuracy by the“12”partitioning scheme.
