Periventricular leukomalacia(PVL),a white matter injury(WMI)affecting the premature infant's brain is commonly associated with ce-rebral palsy(CP).Among premature infants〈1,500 g,approximately 7,000 develop CP ye...Periventricular leukomalacia(PVL),a white matter injury(WMI)affecting the premature infant's brain is commonly associated with ce-rebral palsy(CP).Among premature infants〈1,500 g,approximately 7,000 develop CP yearly and 20,000-30,000 exhibit major cognitive deficits yearly(Volpe,2009).PVL results from hypoxia-ischemia(HI)with or without infection and is characterized by white matter necrotic lesions,hypomyelination,microglial activation,astrogliosis,and neuronal death.Risk factors for the development of PVL include:prematurity associated with immature cerebrovascular development,HI insults with lack of appropriate auto-regulation of cerebral blood flow,free radical production,energy deprivation,intrauterine infec-tion and chorioamnionitis.Affected infants show definitive signs of cerebral palsy such as spastic diplegia,seizures,developmental delay,visual and hearing impairment,scoliosis and incontinence by 6-9 months of age.PVL can also occur in term infants with certain con-genital cyanotic heart disease which will not be our focus here(Volpe,2001).展开更多
Introduction Aging is the accumulation of multidimensional deterioration of process- ing of biological, psychological, and social changes with expansion over time （Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Grady, 2012）. Aging-related...Introduction Aging is the accumulation of multidimensional deterioration of process- ing of biological, psychological, and social changes with expansion over time （Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Grady, 2012）. Aging-related changes are typically accompanied by decline in cognitive function, urinary control, sensory-motor function, and gait ability （Bradley et al., 1991; Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Hedden and Gabrieli, 2004; Grady, 2012; Moran et al., 2012）. In addition, a number of studies have suggested changes in brain structure with normal aging, such as decrease in cortical thickness or increase in ventricular width （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al., 1997; Uylings and de Brabander, 2002; Preul et al., 2006; Apostolova et al., 2012）. In particular, ventricular enlargement has been suggested as a structural biomarker for normal aging and progression of some illnesses, such as Alzheimer＇s disease （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al.,展开更多
This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Morinda citrifofia L. （Rubiaceae） commonly known as noni, and memantine （a N-methy-D-aspartate receptor inhibitor） on hydrocephalus-induced neurod...This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Morinda citrifofia L. （Rubiaceae） commonly known as noni, and memantine （a N-methy-D-aspartate receptor inhibitor） on hydrocephalus-induced neurodegenerative disorders. Kaolin was injected into the cistern magna of male adult New Zealand rabbits to establish a hydrocephalus animal model. Memantine （20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally; memantine-treated group） or noni （5 mL/kg, intragastrically; noni-treated group） was administered daily for 2 weeks. Microtubule-associated protein-2 and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry were performed to detect neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in the periventricular tissue of the fourth ventricle of rabbits. Microtubule-associated protein-2 staining density was significantly decreased in the hydrocephalic group, while the staining density was significantly increased in the memantine- and noni-treated groups, especially in the noni-treated group. Noni treatment decreased the number of caspase-3-positive cells in rabbits with hydrocephalus, while memantine had no effect. These findings suggest that noni exhibits more obvious inhibitory effects on hydrocephalus-induced neurodegenerative disorders than memantine in periventricular tissue of the fourth ventricle.展开更多
Periventricular nodular heterotopia(PNH)is a cortical malformation commonly found in epilepsy patients caused by the failure of neurons to migrate.Patients with PNH present with various clinical manifestations and gen...Periventricular nodular heterotopia(PNH)is a cortical malformation commonly found in epilepsy patients caused by the failure of neurons to migrate.Patients with PNH present with various clinical manifestations and genetic mutations.Despite their remarkable structural malformations,PNH patients generally have no neurological deficits or cognitive disabilities.However,particularly in patients with abnormal cortical development,the systematic abnormalities can also be severely delayed.展开更多
目的探讨胎龄<32周的早产儿发生脑室周围-脑室内出血(periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage,PIVH)进展的潜在危险因素。方法回顾性收集2020年1月1日至2022年12月31日,江苏省新生儿围产期协作网20家医疗机构新生儿重症监护室...目的探讨胎龄<32周的早产儿发生脑室周围-脑室内出血(periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage,PIVH)进展的潜在危险因素。方法回顾性收集2020年1月1日至2022年12月31日,江苏省新生儿围产期协作网20家医疗机构新生儿重症监护室收治的胎龄<32周、生后3 d内第一次头颅B超提示Ⅰ、Ⅱ度PIVH,且10天内复查第二次头颅B超的早产儿临床资料。排除先天畸形、基因异常、信息不全的早产儿。采用多因素Logistic回归分析生后早期PIVH进展的危险因素。结果共纳入3347例早产儿资料,其中胎龄小于32周者551例,将"自Ⅰ、Ⅱ度发展为Ⅲ、Ⅳ度"的患儿纳入进展组(共29例),其余522例纳入未进展组。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,胎龄、是否多胎、1 min Apgar评分、分娩前母亲体温超过38℃、新生儿危重病例评分、新生儿急性生理学评分-Ⅱ(Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology-Ⅱ,SNAP-Ⅱ)、新生儿急性生理学评分围产期补充评分Ⅱ(Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology,Perinatal Extension,VersionⅡ,SNAPPE-Ⅱ)、早发败血症、新生儿窒息、新生儿肺动脉高压、休克、早产儿贫血、血小板减少症、生后有创机械通气、使用肺泡表面活性物质、输入血小板和血浆是早期PIVH进展的相关因素(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,胎龄<28周(OR=6.346,95%CI:2.914~13.824)、分娩前母亲体温超过38℃(OR=2.454,95%CI:1.153~5.225)是早期PIVH进展的危险因素(P<0.05)结论胎龄<32周的早产儿出现PIVH早期进展的危险因素是胎龄<28周和分娩前母亲体温超过38℃。展开更多
基金supported by Lilling Family Neonatal Research Lab,Feinstein Institute for Medical Research
文摘Periventricular leukomalacia(PVL),a white matter injury(WMI)affecting the premature infant's brain is commonly associated with ce-rebral palsy(CP).Among premature infants〈1,500 g,approximately 7,000 develop CP yearly and 20,000-30,000 exhibit major cognitive deficits yearly(Volpe,2009).PVL results from hypoxia-ischemia(HI)with or without infection and is characterized by white matter necrotic lesions,hypomyelination,microglial activation,astrogliosis,and neuronal death.Risk factors for the development of PVL include:prematurity associated with immature cerebrovascular development,HI insults with lack of appropriate auto-regulation of cerebral blood flow,free radical production,energy deprivation,intrauterine infec-tion and chorioamnionitis.Affected infants show definitive signs of cerebral palsy such as spastic diplegia,seizures,developmental delay,visual and hearing impairment,scoliosis and incontinence by 6-9 months of age.PVL can also occur in term infants with certain con-genital cyanotic heart disease which will not be our focus here(Volpe,2001).
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology, No. 2012R1A1B4003477
文摘Introduction Aging is the accumulation of multidimensional deterioration of process- ing of biological, psychological, and social changes with expansion over time （Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Grady, 2012）. Aging-related changes are typically accompanied by decline in cognitive function, urinary control, sensory-motor function, and gait ability （Bradley et al., 1991; Bowen and Atwood, 2004; Hedden and Gabrieli, 2004; Grady, 2012; Moran et al., 2012）. In addition, a number of studies have suggested changes in brain structure with normal aging, such as decrease in cortical thickness or increase in ventricular width （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al., 1997; Uylings and de Brabander, 2002; Preul et al., 2006; Apostolova et al., 2012）. In particular, ventricular enlargement has been suggested as a structural biomarker for normal aging and progression of some illnesses, such as Alzheimer＇s disease （Blatter et al., 1995; Tang et al.,
基金sponsored by a grant from the Education and Research Foundation of Faculty of Medicine,Kocaeli University,No.2009/45
文摘This study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of Morinda citrifofia L. （Rubiaceae） commonly known as noni, and memantine （a N-methy-D-aspartate receptor inhibitor） on hydrocephalus-induced neurodegenerative disorders. Kaolin was injected into the cistern magna of male adult New Zealand rabbits to establish a hydrocephalus animal model. Memantine （20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally; memantine-treated group） or noni （5 mL/kg, intragastrically; noni-treated group） was administered daily for 2 weeks. Microtubule-associated protein-2 and caspase-3 immunohistochemistry were performed to detect neuronal degeneration and apoptosis in the periventricular tissue of the fourth ventricle of rabbits. Microtubule-associated protein-2 staining density was significantly decreased in the hydrocephalic group, while the staining density was significantly increased in the memantine- and noni-treated groups, especially in the noni-treated group. Noni treatment decreased the number of caspase-3-positive cells in rabbits with hydrocephalus, while memantine had no effect. These findings suggest that noni exhibits more obvious inhibitory effects on hydrocephalus-induced neurodegenerative disorders than memantine in periventricular tissue of the fourth ventricle.
文摘Periventricular nodular heterotopia(PNH)is a cortical malformation commonly found in epilepsy patients caused by the failure of neurons to migrate.Patients with PNH present with various clinical manifestations and genetic mutations.Despite their remarkable structural malformations,PNH patients generally have no neurological deficits or cognitive disabilities.However,particularly in patients with abnormal cortical development,the systematic abnormalities can also be severely delayed.
文摘目的探讨胎龄<32周的早产儿发生脑室周围-脑室内出血(periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage,PIVH)进展的潜在危险因素。方法回顾性收集2020年1月1日至2022年12月31日,江苏省新生儿围产期协作网20家医疗机构新生儿重症监护室收治的胎龄<32周、生后3 d内第一次头颅B超提示Ⅰ、Ⅱ度PIVH,且10天内复查第二次头颅B超的早产儿临床资料。排除先天畸形、基因异常、信息不全的早产儿。采用多因素Logistic回归分析生后早期PIVH进展的危险因素。结果共纳入3347例早产儿资料,其中胎龄小于32周者551例,将"自Ⅰ、Ⅱ度发展为Ⅲ、Ⅳ度"的患儿纳入进展组(共29例),其余522例纳入未进展组。单因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,胎龄、是否多胎、1 min Apgar评分、分娩前母亲体温超过38℃、新生儿危重病例评分、新生儿急性生理学评分-Ⅱ(Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology-Ⅱ,SNAP-Ⅱ)、新生儿急性生理学评分围产期补充评分Ⅱ(Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology,Perinatal Extension,VersionⅡ,SNAPPE-Ⅱ)、早发败血症、新生儿窒息、新生儿肺动脉高压、休克、早产儿贫血、血小板减少症、生后有创机械通气、使用肺泡表面活性物质、输入血小板和血浆是早期PIVH进展的相关因素(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,胎龄<28周(OR=6.346,95%CI:2.914~13.824)、分娩前母亲体温超过38℃(OR=2.454,95%CI:1.153~5.225)是早期PIVH进展的危险因素(P<0.05)结论胎龄<32周的早产儿出现PIVH早期进展的危险因素是胎龄<28周和分娩前母亲体温超过38℃。
