Sand production and high water content in oil wells are two major challenges that restrict high and stable production in loose sandstone reservoirs.In this paper,nano SiO_(2),coupling agent triethoxysilane,phenolic re...Sand production and high water content in oil wells are two major challenges that restrict high and stable production in loose sandstone reservoirs.In this paper,nano SiO_(2),coupling agent triethoxysilane,phenolic resin and n-octanol were used to synthesize the main agent SCA-2.Hexamethylenetetramine and vinyl carbonate were selected to prepare the curing agent YGA-1,which was then compounded with SCA-2 to develop a sand fixation and water plugging system.Firstly,single-factor experiments were conducted to determine the optimal concentrations of SCA-2 and YGA-1,subsequently,the system’s sand fixation and water blocking performance were evaluated.Finally,a pilot test was carried out in the mining site.Experimental results showed that the optimal formula composition of the system was 10%SCA-2+5%YGA-1.The gelation time of the system was 180 minutes and the viscosity after gelation could reach 108.4 mPa·s.When the dosage of the drug system was 0.6 PV,the sand production rate remained below 0.08%.Dual-tube parallel experiments showed that the sand fixation and water plugging system had a water flow channel plugging rate of 87.5%,while the oil flow channel plugging rate was only 11.3%,indicating minimal damage to the oil-bearing reservoir.The field test showed that after the measures taken in Well M of X oilfield,the sand free oil recovery period exceeded 360 days,the water content decreased by 5.0%and the cumulative oil production increased by 7092 m^(3).This study provides new ideas for efficient development of loose sandstone reservoirs.展开更多
This research aims to improve the power output of a horizontal axis wind turbine(HAWT)by using an auxiliary rotor in front of the main rotor,this configuration is called a dual-rotor wind turbine(DRWT).The three-blade...This research aims to improve the power output of a horizontal axis wind turbine(HAWT)by using an auxiliary rotor in front of the main rotor,this configuration is called a dual-rotor wind turbine(DRWT).The three-bladed main rotor has a diameter of 0.9 m and both rotors with NREL S826 airfoil.ANSYS Fluent CFD simulation was used to optimize the DRWT performance where the numerical model was solved using the Realizable k-εt urbulence model.Four parameters are used,diameter ratio between the auxiliary front rotor and the main rear rotor(D_(R)=0.25,D_(R)=0.5,and D_(R)=0.75),axial free stream velocity according to the normal wind speed range in Egypt(V_(o)=5 m/s,V_o=7.5 m/s,and V_(o)=10 m/s),tip speed ratio which ranges from 2 to 8,and the number of blades of the front rotor(B=2,B=3 and B=4).The results show that increasing the number of blades positively impacts performance but at lower tip speed ratios.Smaller diameter ratios yield better performance,while increasing wind speed results in higher power.The best performance was achieved at freestream velocity V_(o)=10 m/s,diameter ratio D_(R)=0.25,front rotor number of blades B=4,and tip speed ratioλ=5 in which the overall maximum power coefficient Cp max=0.552 with an increase with 36.75%compared to the single rotor case.展开更多
Background:Ischemic preconditioning(IPC)is purported to have beneficial effects on athletic performance,although findings are inconsistent,with some studies reporting placebo effects.The majority of studies have inves...Background:Ischemic preconditioning(IPC)is purported to have beneficial effects on athletic performance,although findings are inconsistent,with some studies reporting placebo effects.The majority of studies have investigated IPC alongside a placebo condition,but without a control condition that was devoid of experimental manipulation,thereby limiting accurate determination of the IPC effects.Therefore,the aims of this study were to assess the impact of the IPC intervention,compared to both placebo and no intervention,on exercise capacity and athletic performance.Methods:A systematic search of PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus,Cochrane Library,and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature(LILACS)covering records from their inception until July 2023 was conducted.To qualify for inclusion,studies had to apply IPC as an acute intervention,comparing it with placebo and/or control conditions.Outcomes of interest were performance(force,number of repetitions,power,time to exhaustion,and time trial performance),physiological measurements(maximum oxygen consumption,and heart rate),or perceptual measurements(RPE).For each outcome measure,we conducted 3 independent meta-analyses(IPC vs.placebo,IPC vs.control,placebo vs.control)using an inverse-variance random-effects model.The between-treatment effects were quantified by the standardized mean difference(SMD),accompanied by their respective 95%confidence intervals.Additionally,we employed the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)approach to assess the level of certainty in the evidence.Results:Seventy-nine studies were included in the quantitative analysis.Overall,IPC demonstrates a comparable effect to the placebo condition(using a low-pressure tourniquet),irrespective of the subjects'training level(all outcomes presenting p>0.05),except for the outcome of time to exhaustion,which exhibits a small magnitude effect(SMD=0.37;p=0.002).Additionally,the placebo exhibited effects notably greater than the control condition(outcome:number of repetitions;SMD=0.45;p=0.03),suggesting a potential influence of participants'cognitive perception on the outcomes.However,the evidence is of moderate to low certainty,regardless of the comparison or outcome.Conclusion:IPC has significant effects compared to the control intervention,but it did not surpass the placebo condition.Its administration might be influenced by the cognitive perception of the receiving subject,and the efficacy of IPC as an ergogenic strategy for enhancing exercise capacity and athletic performance remains questionable.展开更多
Thermoelectric air conditioning systems based on the Peltier effect had two modes:heating and cooling.In this work,the proposed design provides continuous improvement in COP from the first minute of operation.In cooli...Thermoelectric air conditioning systems based on the Peltier effect had two modes:heating and cooling.In this work,the proposed design provides continuous improvement in COP from the first minute of operation.In cooling mode,the coefficient of performance(COP)was 1.176 due to the techniques used in this device,and it increased to 1.24 in the last minute of operation.Concerning the steady-state scenario,from the first minute,the Qc was larger than the W for the entire duration of the operation.The output temperature reaches 18.97℃ ,and the temperature on the cold side reaches 4.96℃ in the fifteen minutes of operation.The cooling mood was checked in Iraq/Baghdad in October with a temperature of 31℃ .Furthermore,the heating mode was checked in December with a temperature of 22℃ .Due to the size of the component on the cold side being small compared with the size of the component on the heat side,it reached a steady state in 13 min.This means the COP in heating mode reached 1.01 in 14 min.Furthermore,due to the presence of a thermal insulator made inside the device to separate the cold side and the hot side,the difference in temperature causes a noticeable little ascent.This is why the COP increased because it kept the degree differences low.Performance enhancements were achieved by optimizing the behavior of thermoelectric materials.The device contains 3 Peltier elements,a water-cooled system with one Peltier,a heat sink,and a fan.The design of the dehumidification system addresses the humidity issue commonly associated with thermoelectric air conditioners.In this context,the results indicate that the humidity rates had decreased and the cooling rate had increased with these innovative techniques,and thus,excellent performance can be achieved even if the Seebeck coefficient is not at its highest based on the condition of providing the Peltier elements’reliability and optimal thermal performance for various applications requiring both cooling and heating functions.The insulation plays a critical role in maintaining the efficiency of the system,reducing energy consumption,and ensuring long-term functionality.The proposed system is valuable for devices or environments that demand precise and dual thermal control with minimal energy wastage.展开更多
One of the most notable developments in the asset management industry in recent decades has been the growth of algorithmic trading.At the same time,significant structural changes in the industry have occurred,with pas...One of the most notable developments in the asset management industry in recent decades has been the growth of algorithmic trading.At the same time,significant structural changes in the industry have occurred,with passive investing gaining momentum.The intersection of these two major trends poses special challenges during market downturns,magnifying portfolio losses and leading to significant outflows.Emerging market(EM)investors have seen two major downturn events in the 2020s,namely the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict,both of which have strongly affected EM portfolios’risk-return profiles and increased their correlations with their developed market counterparts,eliminating much or all of EMs’diversification benefits.This has led to major capital outflows from EM countries,further destabilizing these fragile economies.Against this backdrop,we argue that capital need not exit these riskier markets during periods of turmoil and support this by developing a second-generation Automated Adaptive Trading System(AATS)back-tested on a relevant,diversified EM portfolio that tracks the Morgan Stanley Capital International(MSCI)Emerging Markets Index during a volatile period characterized by negative returns,high risk,and a high correlation with global markets for the buy-and-hold EM portfolio.The system incorporates an Autoregressive Moving Average-Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity model that offers an interpretability advantage over machine-learning methods.The main strength of the AATS is its ability to allow the embedded hybrid forecasting model to adapt to the changing environments that characterize EMs.This is done by implementing a recursive window technique and running a user-specified fitness function to dynamically optimize the mean equation parameters throughout the lead time.Back-testing several configurations of the flexible AATS consistently reveals its superiority while assuring the robustness of the results.We conclude that with the right investment tools,EMs continue to offer compelling opportunities that should not be overlooked.The novel AATS proposed in this study is such a tool,providing active EM investors with substantial value-added through its ability to generate abnormal returns,and can help to enhance the resilience of EMs by mitigating the cost of crises for those countries.展开更多
Background:Despite the wide use of compression garments to enhance athletic running performance,evidence supporting improvements has not been conclusive.This updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized c...Background:Despite the wide use of compression garments to enhance athletic running performance,evidence supporting improvements has not been conclusive.This updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)compared the effects of compression garment wearing with those of non-compression garment wearing(controls)during running on improving running performance.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in the electronic databases(Web of Science,EBSCOhost,PubMed,Embase,Scopus,and Cochrane)for RCTs comparing running performance between runners wearing compression garments and controls during running,from inception to September 2024.Independent reviewers screened studies,extracted data,appraised risk of bias(RoB 2)and certainty of evidence(Grading of Recommendations Assessments,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)).Primary outcomes were race time and time to exhaustion.Secondary outcomes covered running speed and race pace,submaximal oxygen uptake,tissue oxygenation,and soft tissue vibration.Randomeffects meta-analyses were conducted to generate pooled estimates,expressed in standardized mean difference(SMD).Subgroup differences of garment,race type,and contact surface were tested in moderator analyses.Results:The search yielded 51 eligible studies comprising 899 participants,of which 33 studies were available for meta-analysis of primary outcomes.Runners wearing compression garments during running showed no significant improvement in race time(SMD=-0.07,95%CI:-0.22 to 0.09;p=0.40)or time to exhaustion(SMD=0.04,95%CI:-0.20 to 0.29;p=0.72).Moderator analyses indicated no effects from garment type,race type,or surface.Secondary outcomes also showed no performance benefits,although compression garments significantly reduced soft tissue vibration(SMD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.70 to-0.15;p<0.01).Certainty of evidence was rated low to very low.Conclusion:Data synthesis of current RCTs offers no updated evidence favoring the support of wearing compression garments during running as a viable strategy for improving running and endurance performance among runners of varying performance levels and types of running races.展开更多
With the widespread application of Internet of Things(IoT)technology,the processing of massive realtime streaming data poses significant challenges to the computational and data-processing capabilities of systems.Alth...With the widespread application of Internet of Things(IoT)technology,the processing of massive realtime streaming data poses significant challenges to the computational and data-processing capabilities of systems.Although distributed streaming data processing frameworks such asApache Flink andApache Spark Streaming provide solutions,meeting stringent response time requirements while ensuring high throughput and resource utilization remains an urgent problem.To address this,the study proposes a formal modeling approach based on Performance Evaluation Process Algebra(PEPA),which abstracts the core components and interactions of cloud-based distributed streaming data processing systems.Additionally,a generic service flow generation algorithmis introduced,enabling the automatic extraction of service flows fromthe PEPAmodel and the computation of key performance metrics,including response time,throughput,and resource utilization.The novelty of this work lies in the integration of PEPA-based formal modeling with the service flow generation algorithm,bridging the gap between formal modeling and practical performance evaluation for IoT systems.Simulation experiments demonstrate that optimizing the execution efficiency of components can significantly improve system performance.For instance,increasing the task execution rate from 10 to 100 improves system performance by 9.53%,while further increasing it to 200 results in a 21.58%improvement.However,diminishing returns are observed when the execution rate reaches 500,with only a 0.42%gain.Similarly,increasing the number of TaskManagers from 10 to 20 improves response time by 18.49%,but the improvement slows to 6.06% when increasing from 20 to 50,highlighting the importance of co-optimizing component efficiency and resource management to achieve substantial performance gains.This study provides a systematic framework for analyzing and optimizing the performance of IoT systems for large-scale real-time streaming data processing.The proposed approach not only identifies performance bottlenecks but also offers insights into improving system efficiency under different configurations and workloads.展开更多
We sincerely thank the authors of the commentary1 for their thoughtful analysis and constructive critique of our systematic review on ischemic preconditioning(IPC)and placebo effects in exercise capacity and athletic ...We sincerely thank the authors of the commentary1 for their thoughtful analysis and constructive critique of our systematic review on ischemic preconditioning(IPC)and placebo effects in exercise capacity and athletic performance.2Their attention to methodological details,particularly concerning the inclusion and timing of warm-up protocols across studies,is commendable and contributes meaningfully to the ongoing refinement of IPC research in sports science.展开更多
This paper presents a multi-module oscillating water column(OWC)wave energy converter(WEC)array system,comprising seven interconnected OWC modules.The modules are connected by elastic ropes with clumped weights positi...This paper presents a multi-module oscillating water column(OWC)wave energy converter(WEC)array system,comprising seven interconnected OWC modules.The modules are connected by elastic ropes with clumped weights positioned at the ropes'midpoints.Three distinct mooring systems are designed for this OWC array,and the impact of mooring configurations on the hydrodynamic responses of the OWCs and mooring tensions is thoroughly examined.Three-dimensional potential flow theory is applied to perform time domain analyses.The motion responses of representative modules,the tension of specific mooring lines,and the spacing between adjacent modules in the array system are investigated through a comprehensive coupled dynamic analysis in the time domain.Based on these analyses,recommendations are provided for the optimal mooring system configuration for the array system.展开更多
We highly commend Dr Souza et al.1for their systematic review research.The authors conducted a detailed investigation into the effects of ischemic preconditioning(IPC)on athletic performance,comparing it with placebo ...We highly commend Dr Souza et al.1for their systematic review research.The authors conducted a detailed investigation into the effects of ischemic preconditioning(IPC)on athletic performance,comparing it with placebo and no-intervention conditions.The study found that while IPC demonstrated superior effects over the no-intervention group in certain metrics(e.g.,time to exhaustion),its performance did not significantly surpass that of the placebo group.This suggests that the potential benefits of IPC may partially stem from participants’psychological expectations,or placebo effects.The study also highlighted the significant impact of placebo interventions on athletic performance,emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between placebo and no-intervention conditions in experimental designs.展开更多
The majority of water utilities,particularly public service providers such as Gidole town,are struggling to deliver a sufficient and consistent supply of water in Ethiopia's developing towns.The primary objective ...The majority of water utilities,particularly public service providers such as Gidole town,are struggling to deliver a sufficient and consistent supply of water in Ethiopia's developing towns.The primary objective of this study was to assess the hydraulic performance of water supply distribution system in Gidole Town,Ethiopia,a representative case of the challenges facing public water utilities in developing towns.The WaterGEMS v8i hydraulic model was utilized to simulate and evaluate the distribution network's performance.The system was configured as a looped network and analyzed against standard permitted pressure and velocity values in the distribution system.The model was effectively calibrated(coefficient of determination(R^(2))=0.969)using measured and observed pressure data.The model simulation run was conducted at peak and low hourly demand with 1.9 and 0.25 hourly factors,respectively.The estimated water demand of the town is 1284.3m^(3)/day(48.4 liters per capita per day),and it would be increased to 3099.77m^(3)/day(66.03 l/c/d)by the 2037 design period.The system experiences significant non-revenue water losses(75,434.11m^(3)/year),accounting for 29.9%of total water production;as a result,the present water supply coverage of the town is only 33.6%.Hydraulic simulations under peak and low demand scenarios revealed nodes with pressures outside the normal range,indicating system-wide inefficiencies.These findings highlight a combined issue of large physical losses and insufficient capacity of the water supply in the town,which is typical of many municipal systems in developing regions.The study concludes that strategic infrastructure rehabilitation,with an emphasis on pressure management and leak reduction,is not only a town necessity but a fundamental requirement for improving water security and financial sustainability for utilities in Ethiopia and similar contexts.The findings and methodology have been forwarded to town's water supply project and institutional development departments for immediate future implementation and provide a replicable framework for evidence-based investment and planning in other struggling municipalities in similar situations.展开更多
Due to uncertainties in seismic pipeline damage and post-earthquake recovery processes,probabilistic characteristics such as mean value,standard deviation,probability density function,and cumulative distribution funct...Due to uncertainties in seismic pipeline damage and post-earthquake recovery processes,probabilistic characteristics such as mean value,standard deviation,probability density function,and cumulative distribution function provide valuable information.In this study,a simulation-based framework to evaluate these probabilistic characteristics in water distribution systems(WDSs)during post-earthquake recovery is developed.The framework first calculates pipeline failure probabilities using seismic fragility models and then generates damage samples through quasi-Monte Carlo simulations with Sobol’s sequence for faster convergence.System performance is assessed using a hydraulic model,and recovery simulations produce time-varying performance curves,where the dynamic importance of unrepaired damage determines repair sequences.Finally,the probabilistic characteristics of seismic performance indicators,resilience index,resilience loss,and recovery time are evaluated.The framework is applied in two benchmark WDSs with different layouts to investigate the probabilistic characteristics of their seismic performance and resilience.Application results show that the cumulative distribution function reveals the variations in resilience indicators for different exceedance probabilities,and there are dramatic differences among the recovery times corresponding to the system performance recovery targets of 80%,90%,and 100%.展开更多
In this work,an oscillating-body wave energy converter(OBWEC)with a hydraulic power take-off(PTO)system named“Dolphin 1”is designed,in which the hydraulic PTO system is equivalent to a transfer station and plays a c...In this work,an oscillating-body wave energy converter(OBWEC)with a hydraulic power take-off(PTO)system named“Dolphin 1”is designed,in which the hydraulic PTO system is equivalent to a transfer station and plays a crucial role in ensuring the stability of the electrical energy output and the efficiency of the overall system.A corresponding mathematical model for the hydraulic PTO system has been established,the factors that influence its performance have been studied,and an algorithm for solving the optimal working pressure has been derived in this paper.Moreover,a PID control method to enable the hydraulic PTO system to automatically achieve optimal performance under different wave conditions has been designed.The results indicate that,compared with single-chamber hydraulic cylinders,double-chamber hydraulic cylinders have a wider application range and greater performance;the accumulator can stabilize the output power of the hydraulic PTO system and slightly increase it;excessively large or small hydraulic motor displacement hinders system performance;and each wave condition corresponds to a unique optimal working pressure for the hydraulic PTO system.In addition,the relationship between the optimal working pressure P_(m)and the pressure P_(h)of the wave force acting on the piston satisfies P_(m)^(2)=∫_(t_(1))^(t_(2))P_(h)^(2)dt/(t_(2)-t_(1)).Furthermore,adjusting the hydraulic motor displacement automatically via a PID controller ensures that the actual working pressure of the hydraulic PTO system consistently reaches or approaches its theoretically optimal value under various wave conditions,which is a very effective control method for enhancing the performance of the hydraulic PTO system.展开更多
The optimization of working fluids in single-well coaxial geothermal systems presents a critical pathway for advancing the use of enhanced geothermal systems(EGS)in renewable energy applications.This study evaluates t...The optimization of working fluids in single-well coaxial geothermal systems presents a critical pathway for advancing the use of enhanced geothermal systems(EGS)in renewable energy applications.This study evaluates the thermo-hydraulic performance of three working fluids(H_(2)O,CO_(2),and H_(2))in a single-well coaxial geothermal system,focusing on the effects of their injection temperatures.Using a 3D finite element model in COMSOL Multiphysics,simulations were conducted at three injection temperatures(17℃,27℃,40℃)under constant mass flow rates.The results reveal that hydrogen significantly outperforms water and carbon dioxide,achieving a 297.77% and 5453.76% higher thermal output,respectively.Notably,the heat transfer efficiency is significantly improved when the injected working fluids are at 40℃,compared to 27℃;this demonstrates a positive correlation between injection temperature and thermal recovery.Though water systems exhibit better geological compatibility,the superior thermal properties of hydrogen position it as a promising alternative-despite potential subsurface challenges.This study provides critical insights for advancing the application of high-efficiency geothermal systems as well as the development of non-aqueous working fluids,thus contributing to the sustainable utilization of geothermal energy.展开更多
Critical for metering and protection in electric railway traction power supply systems(TPSSs),the measurement performance of voltage transformers(VTs)must be timely and reliably monitored.This paper outlines a three-s...Critical for metering and protection in electric railway traction power supply systems(TPSSs),the measurement performance of voltage transformers(VTs)must be timely and reliably monitored.This paper outlines a three-step,RMS data only method for evaluating VTs in TPSSs.First,a kernel principal component analysis approach is used to diagnose the VT exhibiting significant measurement deviations over time,mitigating the influence of stochastic fluctuations in traction loads.Second,a back propagation neural network is employed to continuously estimate the measurement deviations of the targeted VT.Third,a trend analysis method is developed to assess the evolution of the measurement performance of VTs.Case studies conducted on field data from an operational TPSS demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting VTs with measurement deviations exceeding 1%relative to their original accuracy levels.Additionally,the method accurately tracks deviation trends,enabling the identification of potential early-stage faults in VTs and helping prevent significant economic losses in TPSS operations.展开更多
Installing annular wave-energy converters(WECs)on the columns of floating wind platforms in the form of a coaxial-cylinder provides a convenient means of integration.Extant coaxial-cylinder-type wind-wave hybrid syste...Installing annular wave-energy converters(WECs)on the columns of floating wind platforms in the form of a coaxial-cylinder provides a convenient means of integration.Extant coaxial-cylinder-type wind-wave hybrid systems are mostly based on single-column platforms such as spars(single coaxial-cylinder hybrid system'hereafter).Systems based on multiple-column platforms such as semi-submersible platforms('multiple coaxial-cylinder hybrid systems'hereafter)are rarely seen or studied,despite their superiority in wave-power absorption due to the use of multiple WECs as well as in dynamic stability.This paper proposes a novel WindFloat-annular-WEC hybrid system,based on our study investigating its dynamic and power features,and optimizing the geometry and power take-off of the WECs.Our results show that the dynamic and power features of a multiple coaxial-cylinder hybrid system are different from those of a single coaxial-cylinder hybrid system,so the same optimization parameters cannot be directly applied.Flatter annular WECs absorb slightly more power in a wider wave-period range,but their geometry is confined by limitations in installation and structural strength.The overall effect of an oblique incident wave is greater intensity in the motions of the hybrid system in yaw and the direction perpendicular to propagation,although the difference is small and maybe negligible.展开更多
Floating photovoltaic(FPV)technology is emerging as a highly promising approach to accelerate decarbonization of the global economy,due to its higher power generation efficiency and lower land occupation.With the rapi...Floating photovoltaic(FPV)technology is emerging as a highly promising approach to accelerate decarbonization of the global economy,due to its higher power generation efficiency and lower land occupation.With the rapid development of FPV technology,the mechanical performance degradation of key components caused by the harsh marine environment has become a pressing issue,as it significantly contributes to failure behavior observed in FPV systems.A comprehensive compilation of the mechanical performance of key components in FPV systems is also currently unavailable.Here,the mechanical behavior of each structural component in FPV systems under harsh marine environments is systematically reviewed.It further emphasizes the synergistic effects of mechanical performance degradation among different components on the overall system.The drop-off rate(v)of normalized elongation at break(EAB)of polymer under the synergistic effect of various environmental factors increases from 7.5×10^(−4)h^(−1)to 21.8×10^(−4)h^(−1)compared with the single environmental stress.Moreover,the development of novel materials and innovative mechanical structures applied in FPV systems to enhance mechanical performance is discussed.The novel flexible PV modules applied in FPV systems minimize the loads acting on the mooring lines by 80%and increase power generation by 5%.Notably,this paper provides a theoretical foundation for developing standards of FPV systems,especially the establishment of standards related to the synergistic effects of the mechanical performance degradation of different key components on FPV systems.展开更多
Quantization noise caused by analog-to-digital converter(ADC)gives rise to the reliability performance degradation of communication systems.In this paper,a quantized non-Hermitian symmetry(NHS)orthogonal frequency-div...Quantization noise caused by analog-to-digital converter(ADC)gives rise to the reliability performance degradation of communication systems.In this paper,a quantized non-Hermitian symmetry(NHS)orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing-based visible light communication(OFDM-VLC)system is presented.In order to analyze the effect of the resolution of ADC on NHS OFDM-VLC,a quantized mathematical model of NHS OFDM-VLC is established.Based on the proposed quantized model,a closed-form bit error rate(BER)expression is derived.The theoretical analysis and simulation results both confirm the effectiveness of the obtained BER formula in high-resolution ADC.In addition,channel coding is helpful in compensating for the BER performance loss due to the utilization of lower resolution ADC.展开更多
High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailo...High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailorable electronic structure,and entropy stabilization effect.The precise fabrication of HEMs with functional nanostructures provides a crucial avenue to optimize the adsorption strength and catalytic activity for electrocatalysis.This review comprehensively summarizes the development of HEMs,focusing on the principles and strategies of structural design,and the catalytic mechanism towards hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction for the development of high-performance electrocatalysts.The complexity inherent in the interactions between different elements,the changes in the d-band center and the Gibbs free energies during the catalytic progress,as well as the coordination environment of the active sites associated with the unique crystal structure to improve the catalytic performance are discussed.We also provide a perspective on the challenges and future development direction of HEMs in electrocatalysis.This review will contribute to the design and development of HEMs-based catalysts for the next generation of electrochemical applications.展开更多
文摘Sand production and high water content in oil wells are two major challenges that restrict high and stable production in loose sandstone reservoirs.In this paper,nano SiO_(2),coupling agent triethoxysilane,phenolic resin and n-octanol were used to synthesize the main agent SCA-2.Hexamethylenetetramine and vinyl carbonate were selected to prepare the curing agent YGA-1,which was then compounded with SCA-2 to develop a sand fixation and water plugging system.Firstly,single-factor experiments were conducted to determine the optimal concentrations of SCA-2 and YGA-1,subsequently,the system’s sand fixation and water blocking performance were evaluated.Finally,a pilot test was carried out in the mining site.Experimental results showed that the optimal formula composition of the system was 10%SCA-2+5%YGA-1.The gelation time of the system was 180 minutes and the viscosity after gelation could reach 108.4 mPa·s.When the dosage of the drug system was 0.6 PV,the sand production rate remained below 0.08%.Dual-tube parallel experiments showed that the sand fixation and water plugging system had a water flow channel plugging rate of 87.5%,while the oil flow channel plugging rate was only 11.3%,indicating minimal damage to the oil-bearing reservoir.The field test showed that after the measures taken in Well M of X oilfield,the sand free oil recovery period exceeded 360 days,the water content decreased by 5.0%and the cumulative oil production increased by 7092 m^(3).This study provides new ideas for efficient development of loose sandstone reservoirs.
文摘This research aims to improve the power output of a horizontal axis wind turbine(HAWT)by using an auxiliary rotor in front of the main rotor,this configuration is called a dual-rotor wind turbine(DRWT).The three-bladed main rotor has a diameter of 0.9 m and both rotors with NREL S826 airfoil.ANSYS Fluent CFD simulation was used to optimize the DRWT performance where the numerical model was solved using the Realizable k-εt urbulence model.Four parameters are used,diameter ratio between the auxiliary front rotor and the main rear rotor(D_(R)=0.25,D_(R)=0.5,and D_(R)=0.75),axial free stream velocity according to the normal wind speed range in Egypt(V_(o)=5 m/s,V_o=7.5 m/s,and V_(o)=10 m/s),tip speed ratio which ranges from 2 to 8,and the number of blades of the front rotor(B=2,B=3 and B=4).The results show that increasing the number of blades positively impacts performance but at lower tip speed ratios.Smaller diameter ratios yield better performance,while increasing wind speed results in higher power.The best performance was achieved at freestream velocity V_(o)=10 m/s,diameter ratio D_(R)=0.25,front rotor number of blades B=4,and tip speed ratioλ=5 in which the overall maximum power coefficient Cp max=0.552 with an increase with 36.75%compared to the single rotor case.
基金partially supported by the State Funding Agency of Minas Gerais,Brazil(FAPEMIG),Process No.APQ-01811-21supported by Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung(AvH)/Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)+1 种基金National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq(Process No.308138/2022-8)supported by National Council for Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq(Process No.BPD-00905-22).
文摘Background:Ischemic preconditioning(IPC)is purported to have beneficial effects on athletic performance,although findings are inconsistent,with some studies reporting placebo effects.The majority of studies have investigated IPC alongside a placebo condition,but without a control condition that was devoid of experimental manipulation,thereby limiting accurate determination of the IPC effects.Therefore,the aims of this study were to assess the impact of the IPC intervention,compared to both placebo and no intervention,on exercise capacity and athletic performance.Methods:A systematic search of PubMed,Embase,SPORTDiscus,Cochrane Library,and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature(LILACS)covering records from their inception until July 2023 was conducted.To qualify for inclusion,studies had to apply IPC as an acute intervention,comparing it with placebo and/or control conditions.Outcomes of interest were performance(force,number of repetitions,power,time to exhaustion,and time trial performance),physiological measurements(maximum oxygen consumption,and heart rate),or perceptual measurements(RPE).For each outcome measure,we conducted 3 independent meta-analyses(IPC vs.placebo,IPC vs.control,placebo vs.control)using an inverse-variance random-effects model.The between-treatment effects were quantified by the standardized mean difference(SMD),accompanied by their respective 95%confidence intervals.Additionally,we employed the Grading of Recommendations,Assessment,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)approach to assess the level of certainty in the evidence.Results:Seventy-nine studies were included in the quantitative analysis.Overall,IPC demonstrates a comparable effect to the placebo condition(using a low-pressure tourniquet),irrespective of the subjects'training level(all outcomes presenting p>0.05),except for the outcome of time to exhaustion,which exhibits a small magnitude effect(SMD=0.37;p=0.002).Additionally,the placebo exhibited effects notably greater than the control condition(outcome:number of repetitions;SMD=0.45;p=0.03),suggesting a potential influence of participants'cognitive perception on the outcomes.However,the evidence is of moderate to low certainty,regardless of the comparison or outcome.Conclusion:IPC has significant effects compared to the control intervention,but it did not surpass the placebo condition.Its administration might be influenced by the cognitive perception of the receiving subject,and the efficacy of IPC as an ergogenic strategy for enhancing exercise capacity and athletic performance remains questionable.
文摘Thermoelectric air conditioning systems based on the Peltier effect had two modes:heating and cooling.In this work,the proposed design provides continuous improvement in COP from the first minute of operation.In cooling mode,the coefficient of performance(COP)was 1.176 due to the techniques used in this device,and it increased to 1.24 in the last minute of operation.Concerning the steady-state scenario,from the first minute,the Qc was larger than the W for the entire duration of the operation.The output temperature reaches 18.97℃ ,and the temperature on the cold side reaches 4.96℃ in the fifteen minutes of operation.The cooling mood was checked in Iraq/Baghdad in October with a temperature of 31℃ .Furthermore,the heating mode was checked in December with a temperature of 22℃ .Due to the size of the component on the cold side being small compared with the size of the component on the heat side,it reached a steady state in 13 min.This means the COP in heating mode reached 1.01 in 14 min.Furthermore,due to the presence of a thermal insulator made inside the device to separate the cold side and the hot side,the difference in temperature causes a noticeable little ascent.This is why the COP increased because it kept the degree differences low.Performance enhancements were achieved by optimizing the behavior of thermoelectric materials.The device contains 3 Peltier elements,a water-cooled system with one Peltier,a heat sink,and a fan.The design of the dehumidification system addresses the humidity issue commonly associated with thermoelectric air conditioners.In this context,the results indicate that the humidity rates had decreased and the cooling rate had increased with these innovative techniques,and thus,excellent performance can be achieved even if the Seebeck coefficient is not at its highest based on the condition of providing the Peltier elements’reliability and optimal thermal performance for various applications requiring both cooling and heating functions.The insulation plays a critical role in maintaining the efficiency of the system,reducing energy consumption,and ensuring long-term functionality.The proposed system is valuable for devices or environments that demand precise and dual thermal control with minimal energy wastage.
基金funded by the EU’s NextGenerationEU instrument through the National Recovery and Resilience Plan of Romania-Pillar Ⅲ-C9-I8,managed by the Ministry of Research,Innovation and Digitalization,within the project entitled,Non-Gaussian self-similar processes:Enhancing mathematical tools and financial models for capturing complex market dynamics”,contract no.760243/28.12.2023,code CF 194/31.07.2023’.
文摘One of the most notable developments in the asset management industry in recent decades has been the growth of algorithmic trading.At the same time,significant structural changes in the industry have occurred,with passive investing gaining momentum.The intersection of these two major trends poses special challenges during market downturns,magnifying portfolio losses and leading to significant outflows.Emerging market(EM)investors have seen two major downturn events in the 2020s,namely the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine conflict,both of which have strongly affected EM portfolios’risk-return profiles and increased their correlations with their developed market counterparts,eliminating much or all of EMs’diversification benefits.This has led to major capital outflows from EM countries,further destabilizing these fragile economies.Against this backdrop,we argue that capital need not exit these riskier markets during periods of turmoil and support this by developing a second-generation Automated Adaptive Trading System(AATS)back-tested on a relevant,diversified EM portfolio that tracks the Morgan Stanley Capital International(MSCI)Emerging Markets Index during a volatile period characterized by negative returns,high risk,and a high correlation with global markets for the buy-and-hold EM portfolio.The system incorporates an Autoregressive Moving Average-Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity model that offers an interpretability advantage over machine-learning methods.The main strength of the AATS is its ability to allow the embedded hybrid forecasting model to adapt to the changing environments that characterize EMs.This is done by implementing a recursive window technique and running a user-specified fitness function to dynamically optimize the mean equation parameters throughout the lead time.Back-testing several configurations of the flexible AATS consistently reveals its superiority while assuring the robustness of the results.We conclude that with the right investment tools,EMs continue to offer compelling opportunities that should not be overlooked.The novel AATS proposed in this study is such a tool,providing active EM investors with substantial value-added through its ability to generate abnormal returns,and can help to enhance the resilience of EMs by mitigating the cost of crises for those countries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.NSFC11932013)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3805800).
文摘Background:Despite the wide use of compression garments to enhance athletic running performance,evidence supporting improvements has not been conclusive.This updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)compared the effects of compression garment wearing with those of non-compression garment wearing(controls)during running on improving running performance.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in the electronic databases(Web of Science,EBSCOhost,PubMed,Embase,Scopus,and Cochrane)for RCTs comparing running performance between runners wearing compression garments and controls during running,from inception to September 2024.Independent reviewers screened studies,extracted data,appraised risk of bias(RoB 2)and certainty of evidence(Grading of Recommendations Assessments,Development and Evaluation(GRADE)).Primary outcomes were race time and time to exhaustion.Secondary outcomes covered running speed and race pace,submaximal oxygen uptake,tissue oxygenation,and soft tissue vibration.Randomeffects meta-analyses were conducted to generate pooled estimates,expressed in standardized mean difference(SMD).Subgroup differences of garment,race type,and contact surface were tested in moderator analyses.Results:The search yielded 51 eligible studies comprising 899 participants,of which 33 studies were available for meta-analysis of primary outcomes.Runners wearing compression garments during running showed no significant improvement in race time(SMD=-0.07,95%CI:-0.22 to 0.09;p=0.40)or time to exhaustion(SMD=0.04,95%CI:-0.20 to 0.29;p=0.72).Moderator analyses indicated no effects from garment type,race type,or surface.Secondary outcomes also showed no performance benefits,although compression garments significantly reduced soft tissue vibration(SMD=-0.43,95%CI:-0.70 to-0.15;p<0.01).Certainty of evidence was rated low to very low.Conclusion:Data synthesis of current RCTs offers no updated evidence favoring the support of wearing compression garments during running as a viable strategy for improving running and endurance performance among runners of varying performance levels and types of running races.
基金funded by the Joint Project of Industry-University-Research of Jiangsu Province(Grant:BY20231146).
文摘With the widespread application of Internet of Things(IoT)technology,the processing of massive realtime streaming data poses significant challenges to the computational and data-processing capabilities of systems.Although distributed streaming data processing frameworks such asApache Flink andApache Spark Streaming provide solutions,meeting stringent response time requirements while ensuring high throughput and resource utilization remains an urgent problem.To address this,the study proposes a formal modeling approach based on Performance Evaluation Process Algebra(PEPA),which abstracts the core components and interactions of cloud-based distributed streaming data processing systems.Additionally,a generic service flow generation algorithmis introduced,enabling the automatic extraction of service flows fromthe PEPAmodel and the computation of key performance metrics,including response time,throughput,and resource utilization.The novelty of this work lies in the integration of PEPA-based formal modeling with the service flow generation algorithm,bridging the gap between formal modeling and practical performance evaluation for IoT systems.Simulation experiments demonstrate that optimizing the execution efficiency of components can significantly improve system performance.For instance,increasing the task execution rate from 10 to 100 improves system performance by 9.53%,while further increasing it to 200 results in a 21.58%improvement.However,diminishing returns are observed when the execution rate reaches 500,with only a 0.42%gain.Similarly,increasing the number of TaskManagers from 10 to 20 improves response time by 18.49%,but the improvement slows to 6.06% when increasing from 20 to 50,highlighting the importance of co-optimizing component efficiency and resource management to achieve substantial performance gains.This study provides a systematic framework for analyzing and optimizing the performance of IoT systems for large-scale real-time streaming data processing.The proposed approach not only identifies performance bottlenecks but also offers insights into improving system efficiency under different configurations and workloads.
文摘We sincerely thank the authors of the commentary1 for their thoughtful analysis and constructive critique of our systematic review on ischemic preconditioning(IPC)and placebo effects in exercise capacity and athletic performance.2Their attention to methodological details,particularly concerning the inclusion and timing of warm-up protocols across studies,is commendable and contributes meaningfully to the ongoing refinement of IPC research in sports science.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52301322,52025112,and 52331011)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BK20220653)。
文摘This paper presents a multi-module oscillating water column(OWC)wave energy converter(WEC)array system,comprising seven interconnected OWC modules.The modules are connected by elastic ropes with clumped weights positioned at the ropes'midpoints.Three distinct mooring systems are designed for this OWC array,and the impact of mooring configurations on the hydrodynamic responses of the OWCs and mooring tensions is thoroughly examined.Three-dimensional potential flow theory is applied to perform time domain analyses.The motion responses of representative modules,the tension of specific mooring lines,and the spacing between adjacent modules in the array system are investigated through a comprehensive coupled dynamic analysis in the time domain.Based on these analyses,recommendations are provided for the optimal mooring system configuration for the array system.
文摘We highly commend Dr Souza et al.1for their systematic review research.The authors conducted a detailed investigation into the effects of ischemic preconditioning(IPC)on athletic performance,comparing it with placebo and no-intervention conditions.The study found that while IPC demonstrated superior effects over the no-intervention group in certain metrics(e.g.,time to exhaustion),its performance did not significantly surpass that of the placebo group.This suggests that the potential benefits of IPC may partially stem from participants’psychological expectations,or placebo effects.The study also highlighted the significant impact of placebo interventions on athletic performance,emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between placebo and no-intervention conditions in experimental designs.
文摘The majority of water utilities,particularly public service providers such as Gidole town,are struggling to deliver a sufficient and consistent supply of water in Ethiopia's developing towns.The primary objective of this study was to assess the hydraulic performance of water supply distribution system in Gidole Town,Ethiopia,a representative case of the challenges facing public water utilities in developing towns.The WaterGEMS v8i hydraulic model was utilized to simulate and evaluate the distribution network's performance.The system was configured as a looped network and analyzed against standard permitted pressure and velocity values in the distribution system.The model was effectively calibrated(coefficient of determination(R^(2))=0.969)using measured and observed pressure data.The model simulation run was conducted at peak and low hourly demand with 1.9 and 0.25 hourly factors,respectively.The estimated water demand of the town is 1284.3m^(3)/day(48.4 liters per capita per day),and it would be increased to 3099.77m^(3)/day(66.03 l/c/d)by the 2037 design period.The system experiences significant non-revenue water losses(75,434.11m^(3)/year),accounting for 29.9%of total water production;as a result,the present water supply coverage of the town is only 33.6%.Hydraulic simulations under peak and low demand scenarios revealed nodes with pressures outside the normal range,indicating system-wide inefficiencies.These findings highlight a combined issue of large physical losses and insufficient capacity of the water supply in the town,which is typical of many municipal systems in developing regions.The study concludes that strategic infrastructure rehabilitation,with an emphasis on pressure management and leak reduction,is not only a town necessity but a fundamental requirement for improving water security and financial sustainability for utilities in Ethiopia and similar contexts.The findings and methodology have been forwarded to town's water supply project and institutional development departments for immediate future implementation and provide a replicable framework for evidence-based investment and planning in other struggling municipalities in similar situations.
基金National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2022YFC3003600National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.51978023。
文摘Due to uncertainties in seismic pipeline damage and post-earthquake recovery processes,probabilistic characteristics such as mean value,standard deviation,probability density function,and cumulative distribution function provide valuable information.In this study,a simulation-based framework to evaluate these probabilistic characteristics in water distribution systems(WDSs)during post-earthquake recovery is developed.The framework first calculates pipeline failure probabilities using seismic fragility models and then generates damage samples through quasi-Monte Carlo simulations with Sobol’s sequence for faster convergence.System performance is assessed using a hydraulic model,and recovery simulations produce time-varying performance curves,where the dynamic importance of unrepaired damage determines repair sequences.Finally,the probabilistic characteristics of seismic performance indicators,resilience index,resilience loss,and recovery time are evaluated.The framework is applied in two benchmark WDSs with different layouts to investigate the probabilistic characteristics of their seismic performance and resilience.Application results show that the cumulative distribution function reveals the variations in resilience indicators for different exceedance probabilities,and there are dramatic differences among the recovery times corresponding to the system performance recovery targets of 80%,90%,and 100%.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52071094 and 51979065).
文摘In this work,an oscillating-body wave energy converter(OBWEC)with a hydraulic power take-off(PTO)system named“Dolphin 1”is designed,in which the hydraulic PTO system is equivalent to a transfer station and plays a crucial role in ensuring the stability of the electrical energy output and the efficiency of the overall system.A corresponding mathematical model for the hydraulic PTO system has been established,the factors that influence its performance have been studied,and an algorithm for solving the optimal working pressure has been derived in this paper.Moreover,a PID control method to enable the hydraulic PTO system to automatically achieve optimal performance under different wave conditions has been designed.The results indicate that,compared with single-chamber hydraulic cylinders,double-chamber hydraulic cylinders have a wider application range and greater performance;the accumulator can stabilize the output power of the hydraulic PTO system and slightly increase it;excessively large or small hydraulic motor displacement hinders system performance;and each wave condition corresponds to a unique optimal working pressure for the hydraulic PTO system.In addition,the relationship between the optimal working pressure P_(m)and the pressure P_(h)of the wave force acting on the piston satisfies P_(m)^(2)=∫_(t_(1))^(t_(2))P_(h)^(2)dt/(t_(2)-t_(1)).Furthermore,adjusting the hydraulic motor displacement automatically via a PID controller ensures that the actual working pressure of the hydraulic PTO system consistently reaches or approaches its theoretically optimal value under various wave conditions,which is a very effective control method for enhancing the performance of the hydraulic PTO system.
基金funded by the China National Administration of Coal Geology Science and Technology Innovation Project"Research on Clean Energy Exploration and Development Technology"(ZMKJ-2021-ZX04)the China National Administration of Coal Geology Special Task Project"Research on Geothermal Resource Exploration and Development Technology"(ZMKJ-2023-JBGS06)。
文摘The optimization of working fluids in single-well coaxial geothermal systems presents a critical pathway for advancing the use of enhanced geothermal systems(EGS)in renewable energy applications.This study evaluates the thermo-hydraulic performance of three working fluids(H_(2)O,CO_(2),and H_(2))in a single-well coaxial geothermal system,focusing on the effects of their injection temperatures.Using a 3D finite element model in COMSOL Multiphysics,simulations were conducted at three injection temperatures(17℃,27℃,40℃)under constant mass flow rates.The results reveal that hydrogen significantly outperforms water and carbon dioxide,achieving a 297.77% and 5453.76% higher thermal output,respectively.Notably,the heat transfer efficiency is significantly improved when the injected working fluids are at 40℃,compared to 27℃;this demonstrates a positive correlation between injection temperature and thermal recovery.Though water systems exhibit better geological compatibility,the superior thermal properties of hydrogen position it as a promising alternative-despite potential subsurface challenges.This study provides critical insights for advancing the application of high-efficiency geothermal systems as well as the development of non-aqueous working fluids,thus contributing to the sustainable utilization of geothermal energy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52107125)Applied Basic Research Project of Sichuan Province(No.2022NSFSC0250)Chengdu Guojia Electrical Engineering Co.,Ltd.(No.KYL202312-0043).
文摘Critical for metering and protection in electric railway traction power supply systems(TPSSs),the measurement performance of voltage transformers(VTs)must be timely and reliably monitored.This paper outlines a three-step,RMS data only method for evaluating VTs in TPSSs.First,a kernel principal component analysis approach is used to diagnose the VT exhibiting significant measurement deviations over time,mitigating the influence of stochastic fluctuations in traction loads.Second,a back propagation neural network is employed to continuously estimate the measurement deviations of the targeted VT.Third,a trend analysis method is developed to assess the evolution of the measurement performance of VTs.Case studies conducted on field data from an operational TPSS demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting VTs with measurement deviations exceeding 1%relative to their original accuracy levels.Additionally,the method accurately tracks deviation trends,enabling the identification of potential early-stage faults in VTs and helping prevent significant economic losses in TPSS operations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52201322,52222109,and 52071096)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2022B1515020036 and 2023A1515012144)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangzhou City(No.202201010055),China.
文摘Installing annular wave-energy converters(WECs)on the columns of floating wind platforms in the form of a coaxial-cylinder provides a convenient means of integration.Extant coaxial-cylinder-type wind-wave hybrid systems are mostly based on single-column platforms such as spars(single coaxial-cylinder hybrid system'hereafter).Systems based on multiple-column platforms such as semi-submersible platforms('multiple coaxial-cylinder hybrid systems'hereafter)are rarely seen or studied,despite their superiority in wave-power absorption due to the use of multiple WECs as well as in dynamic stability.This paper proposes a novel WindFloat-annular-WEC hybrid system,based on our study investigating its dynamic and power features,and optimizing the geometry and power take-off of the WECs.Our results show that the dynamic and power features of a multiple coaxial-cylinder hybrid system are different from those of a single coaxial-cylinder hybrid system,so the same optimization parameters cannot be directly applied.Flatter annular WECs absorb slightly more power in a wider wave-period range,but their geometry is confined by limitations in installation and structural strength.The overall effect of an oblique incident wave is greater intensity in the motions of the hybrid system in yaw and the direction perpendicular to propagation,although the difference is small and maybe negligible.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Pro-gram of China(Grant No.2023YFE0114600)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.52477029)Joint Laboratory of China-Morocco Green Energy and Advanced Materials,The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities and The Xi’an City Science and Technology Project(No.23GXFW0070)。
文摘Floating photovoltaic(FPV)technology is emerging as a highly promising approach to accelerate decarbonization of the global economy,due to its higher power generation efficiency and lower land occupation.With the rapid development of FPV technology,the mechanical performance degradation of key components caused by the harsh marine environment has become a pressing issue,as it significantly contributes to failure behavior observed in FPV systems.A comprehensive compilation of the mechanical performance of key components in FPV systems is also currently unavailable.Here,the mechanical behavior of each structural component in FPV systems under harsh marine environments is systematically reviewed.It further emphasizes the synergistic effects of mechanical performance degradation among different components on the overall system.The drop-off rate(v)of normalized elongation at break(EAB)of polymer under the synergistic effect of various environmental factors increases from 7.5×10^(−4)h^(−1)to 21.8×10^(−4)h^(−1)compared with the single environmental stress.Moreover,the development of novel materials and innovative mechanical structures applied in FPV systems to enhance mechanical performance is discussed.The novel flexible PV modules applied in FPV systems minimize the loads acting on the mooring lines by 80%and increase power generation by 5%.Notably,this paper provides a theoretical foundation for developing standards of FPV systems,especially the establishment of standards related to the synergistic effects of the mechanical performance degradation of different key components on FPV systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62201508)the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.LZ21F010001 and LQ23F010004)the State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Waves of Southeast University,China(No.K202212).
文摘Quantization noise caused by analog-to-digital converter(ADC)gives rise to the reliability performance degradation of communication systems.In this paper,a quantized non-Hermitian symmetry(NHS)orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing-based visible light communication(OFDM-VLC)system is presented.In order to analyze the effect of the resolution of ADC on NHS OFDM-VLC,a quantized mathematical model of NHS OFDM-VLC is established.Based on the proposed quantized model,a closed-form bit error rate(BER)expression is derived.The theoretical analysis and simulation results both confirm the effectiveness of the obtained BER formula in high-resolution ADC.In addition,channel coding is helpful in compensating for the BER performance loss due to the utilization of lower resolution ADC.
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund Project(2022A1515140061,No.11000-2344014)Startup Foundation for Postdoctor by Dongguan University of Technology(No.11000-221110149)the High-level Talents Program(contract number 2023JC10L014)of the Department of Science and Technology of Guangdong Province。
文摘High entropy materials(HEMs)are the promising electrocatalysts for anion exchange membrane electrolyser(AEMs)and proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs)due to the intriguing cocktail effect,wide design space,tailorable electronic structure,and entropy stabilization effect.The precise fabrication of HEMs with functional nanostructures provides a crucial avenue to optimize the adsorption strength and catalytic activity for electrocatalysis.This review comprehensively summarizes the development of HEMs,focusing on the principles and strategies of structural design,and the catalytic mechanism towards hydrogen evolution reaction,oxygen evolution reaction and oxygen reduction reaction for the development of high-performance electrocatalysts.The complexity inherent in the interactions between different elements,the changes in the d-band center and the Gibbs free energies during the catalytic progress,as well as the coordination environment of the active sites associated with the unique crystal structure to improve the catalytic performance are discussed.We also provide a perspective on the challenges and future development direction of HEMs in electrocatalysis.This review will contribute to the design and development of HEMs-based catalysts for the next generation of electrochemical applications.
