Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural crop because of the nutritional value of the fruit and its economic importance.Various techniques have been practiced to enhance pepper's productivity and n...Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural crop because of the nutritional value of the fruit and its economic importance.Various techniques have been practiced to enhance pepper's productivity and nutritional value.Therefore,this study was conducted to determine the impact of different training methods and biostimulant applications on sweet pepper plants'growth,yield,and chemical composition under greenhouse conditions.For the training method,unpruned plants were compared with one stem and two stem plants.Unpruned plants had the fruit number of 33.98,fruit weight of 2.18 kg·plant^(-1),and total marketable yield of 1 090.0 kg·hm^(-2).One stem plant gave the best average fruit weight of 86.63 g,vitamin C content of 13.66 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and TSS content of 7.21%.However,two stem plants had the highest fruit setting of 62.41%,carotenoid content of 0.14 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and fruit chlorophyll content of 3.57 mg·kg^(-1)FW.For biostimulant applications,control plants were compared with the Disper Root (DR) and Disper Vital (DV).DR application significantly increased total sugar,carotenoid,fruit chlorophyll,and TSS contents compared to the control and DV applications.While,applying DV increased fruit setting,plant fruit number,weight,and total marketable yield.In addition,integrating one stem plant with the DR application improved fiber,vitamin C,and TSS contents significantly.Two stem plants,and the DV application improved fruit setting and carotenoid content.Thus,one and two stem training methods integrated with the DR and DV biostimulant applications could be considered for developing agricultural practices to obtain commercial yield and improve the nutrition values of sweet peppers,as unpruned plants without biostimulant applications have a negative impact.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the effects of mixed humus soil and straw ash substrate on rhizosphere bacterial community and growth of hot pepper.[Methods]In this pot experiment,high-throughput sequencing was conducted to an...[Objectives]To explore the effects of mixed humus soil and straw ash substrate on rhizosphere bacterial community and growth of hot pepper.[Methods]In this pot experiment,high-throughput sequencing was conducted to analyze bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of pepper plants treated with four different HA proportions.[Results]Pepper seedlings exhibited optimal growth in the 6:4(w/w)HA substrate.Bacterial structure and composition varied with the HA proportion.The relative abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum(ranging from 48.37%to 60.40%)was the highest across all treatments.Correlation analysis indicated that certain bacterial communities were closely related to the availability of soil nutrients and enzymatic activities.[Conclusions]This study elucidates the impact of HA proportion on rhizosphere bacterial communities and plant growth,laying a foundation for understanding the application of different mixed substrates and their effects on soil microbiology.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different doses of chili pepper on inflammatory response factors in rats.[Methods]Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group,high-dose chili pepper grou...[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different doses of chili pepper on inflammatory response factors in rats.[Methods]Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group,high-dose chili pepper group,medium-dose chili pepper group,and low-dose chili pepper group.Chili pepper aqueous solution was administered by gavage for three months.One day after the last administration,serum and cerebrospinal fluid were collected to measure the concentrations of hs-CRP and IL-6 in serum,and PCT in cerebrospinal fluid.[Results]Compared with the blank control group,the high-dose,medium-dose,and low-dose chili pepper groups showed significant increases in hs-CRP,IL-6,and PCT levels(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Different doses of chili pepper exerted varying effects on inflammatory factors in rats.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the effects of high soil temperature stress on microorganisms utilizing different carbon sources in the rhizosphere of pepper seedlings.[Methods]Using seedlings of the main pepper cultivar‘Reyi...[Objectives]To explore the effects of high soil temperature stress on microorganisms utilizing different carbon sources in the rhizosphere of pepper seedlings.[Methods]Using seedlings of the main pepper cultivar‘Reyin 1’as experimental materials,five soil temperature gradients(25,30,35,40,and 45℃)were established.After a 96 d cultivation,soil nutrient content and soil microbial functional diversity were measured to elucidate the impact of high soil temperature on the soil microenvironment.[Results]As soil temperature increased,the contents of total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and rapidly available potassium generally showed a decreasing trend.However,under the 45℃ treatment,the contents of total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and rapidly available potassium were the highest among all treatments,although the alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content was significantly lower compared to the other treatments.BIOLOG analysis revealed that with increasing soil temperature,the average soil microbial absorbance value and the Shannon diversity index decreased significantly.In contrast,the Shannon evenness index and the Simpson dominance index showed no significant differences across the different temperature treatments.This indicates that as soil temperature rises,the carbon source utilization capacity of the soil microbial community decreases,leading to reduced overall carbon metabolic activity and microbial functional diversity,while the dominant microbial populations remained unchanged during this process.Principal component analysis further confirmed effective separation among the different temperature treatments,suggesting that high soil stress significantly altered the structure of the soil microbial community.[Conclusions]In practical production,appropriate measures should be taken to decrease soil temperature to create a favorable rhizosphere microenvironment and thereby promote crop growth.展开更多
The color difference of capsicum fruit is closely related to the type and content of pigment in the peel,which is mainly determined by anthocyanins,chlorophyll,and carotenoids.This study used green“CA59”and purple“...The color difference of capsicum fruit is closely related to the type and content of pigment in the peel,which is mainly determined by anthocyanins,chlorophyll,and carotenoids.This study used green“CA59”and purple“Z81”pepper fruits as parents to create the F2 generation.The fruit color of 466 F2 population was identified,and the extreme individuals from this population were selected for Bulked Segregant Analysis(BSA)using resequencing.Genetic analysis revealed that a pair of genes controls the expression of the purple fruit trait in capsicum.Using functional annotation,expression analysis,and sequencing analysis of candidate genes,it was determined that there were four genes in the region between InDel 67 and InDel 75(185,664,068 BP-186,514,350 bp)on chromosome 10,that is the linkage interval for pepper purple fruit.There are 7 SNPs in the CaMYB1 gene(Capann_59V1aChr10g016200)in the pepper variety“Z81”.Of these,4 SNPs are located in the gene’s coding region.These 4 SNPs lead to 2 mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence(synonymous mutations)and 2 mutations that do change the amino acid sequence(non-synonymous mutations).Additionally,the expression level of the CaMYB1 gene in the purple fruit of“Z81”is significantly higher than that in the green fruit of“CA59”.CaMYB1 is believed to be a crucial candidate gene in regulating anthocyanin production in purple capsicum fruit.A molecular marker,InDel 67,was successfully developed,with a total separation rate of 92.4%.展开更多
To explore the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy contributes to pepper's heat tolerance, we previously identified the zinc-finger protein B-BOX 9/CONSTANS-LIKE 13(CaBBX9/CaCOL13) as an interaction partner of...To explore the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy contributes to pepper's heat tolerance, we previously identified the zinc-finger protein B-BOX 9/CONSTANS-LIKE 13(CaBBX9/CaCOL13) as an interaction partner of the autophagy related protein(ATG) CaATG8c, a core component in autophagy. However, the involvement of CaBBX9 in both autophagy and heat tolerance remains unclear. In this study, we further confirmed the interaction between CaBBX9 and CaATG8c and defined the interaction regions of CaBBX9 as CONSTANS, CONSTANS-Like, and TOC1(CCT) domain and the fragment region. The expression of CaBBX9 can be induced by heat treatment. CaBBX9 is co-localized with CaATG8c in the nucleus and exhibits a transcriptional activity. When the expression of CaBBX9 is silenced, the heat tolerance of pepper is enhanced, shown by the decrement of MDA content, H2O2and dead cells accumulation, and relative electrolyte leakage, along with the increment of chlorophyll content and expression level of heat-tolerance-related genes. Overexpression of CaBBX9 in tomatoes displays the opposite effects. Taken together, we demonstrate that CaBBX9 negatively regulates the heat tolerance of peppers by exacerbating oxidative damage and inhibiting the expression of heat-related genes. Our findings provide a new clue for guiding crop breeding for pepper tolerance to heat stress.展开更多
Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades are crucial in plant responses to various stresses.While the positioning of MAP4Ks within the canonical MAPK signaling module in plants remains controversial,emerging res...Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades are crucial in plant responses to various stresses.While the positioning of MAP4Ks within the canonical MAPK signaling module in plants remains controversial,emerging research continues to shed light on their functional roles.However,information on the MAP4K gene family in pepper(Capsicum annuum)is still limited.In this study,seven putative MAP4K genes(designated as CaMAP4K1–Ca MAP4K7)were identified from the pepper genome,each containing a conserved serine/threonine kinase domain.These genes were differentially expressed across various pepper organs,with CaMAP4K3 exhibiting consistently high expression in all organs and significant induction under drought stress.Kinase assays revealed that CaMAP4K3 is an active kinase whose activity is enhanced by drought and salt stress.Functional studies showed that silencing CaMAP4K3 enhanced drought resistance in pepper plants,reducing transpirational water loss and increasing leaf temperatures.Conversely,CaMAP4K3 overexpression in tobacco and Arabidopsis reduced drought tolerance,as evidenced by increased wilting and transpirational water loss.Additionally,CaMAP4K3-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid(ABA)during seed germination and seedling growth.Collectively,these results suggest that CaMAP4K3 impairs drought resistance in pepper plants and potentially affects seed germination and seedling growth through the regulation of ABA signaling.展开更多
Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)fruit cracking is a common physiological disorder that reduces the quality,shelf life,and commercial value of pepper.However,the physiological and genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in pe...Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)fruit cracking is a common physiological disorder that reduces the quality,shelf life,and commercial value of pepper.However,the physiological and genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in pepper fruit cracking are still unclear.Thus,in this study,we analyzed the physiological changes(pectin,hemicellulose,and cellulose contents)in two parental lines at different fruit developmental stages.Additionally,we constructed a linkage map with 12 linkage groups covering 2041.9 cM utilizing 106 simple sequence repeats(SSRs),and insertion/deletion(InDel)markers.We obtained a novel QTL,fc1.1,explained 23.36%of the phenotypic variation in the fruit cracking genotype,and the genetic distance was 7.99 c M,covering 136 predicted genes.The fc1.1 region contains one potential candidate gene,Capana01g001333(CaGAUT1),involved in pectin anabolism.The real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR),virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),and cluster analysis confirmed that CaGAUT1 is a functional resistance gene for pepper fruit cracking.Our study lays a foundation for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms for pepper fruit cracking.展开更多
Pepper fruit is highly favored for its spicy taste,diverse flavors,and significant nutritional benefits.The proper development of flowers and fruits directly determines the quality of pepper fruit.The YABBY gene famil...Pepper fruit is highly favored for its spicy taste,diverse flavors,and significant nutritional benefits.The proper development of flowers and fruits directly determines the quality of pepper fruit.The YABBY gene family exhibits diverse functions in growth and development,which is crucial to the identity of flower organs.However,the specific functions of these genes in pepper remain unclear.In this study,nine CaYABBY genes were identified and characterized in pepper.Most CaYABBY genes were highly expressed in reproductive organs,albeit with varying expression patterns.The CaYABBY5 gene,uniquely expressed in petals and carpels,has been demonstrated to modulate floral organ determinacy and fruit shape through gene silencing in pepper and ectopic expression in tomato.Protein interaction analysis revealed an interacting protein SEPALLATA3-like protein(SEP3),exhibiting a similar expression profile to CaYABBY5.These findings suggest that CaYABBY5 may modulate the morphogenesis of floral organs and fruits by interacting with CaSEP3.This study provided valuable insights into the classification and function of CaYABBY genes in pepper.展开更多
Exogenous proline is an effective agent for increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. In this study, we evaluated its effect on seedlings of Siete Caldos chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens), a semi-domest...Exogenous proline is an effective agent for increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. In this study, we evaluated its effect on seedlings of Siete Caldos chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens), a semi-domesticated variety. The Capsicum genus is known for its sensitivity to water stress. We pretreated the seedlings’ roots by immersing them in proline solutions (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mM) for 48 h. Then, we exposed them to water stress using a Hoagland nutrient solution supplemented with 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000) for nine days. We analyzed key physiological and biochemical parameters, including relative water content, cell membrane stability index, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll, and proline content. The results indicated that proline concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mM significantly increased tolerance to water stress, with 100% survival. These seedlings maintained greater hydration and cell membrane stability compared to non-pretreated seedlings. In contrast, at the highest concentrations (7.5 and 10 mM Pro), survival was 63.63% and 54.54%, respectively. This study demonstrated that exogenous proline enhances water stress tolerance in Capsicum frutescens seedlings by mitigating the negative impact on physiological and biochemical processes vital for survival. This theoretical foundation can be applied to improve chili seedling performance in controlled production environments.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of slow and controlled release fertilizers（SCRF）on the yield of qiubei hot pepper,its nutrient use efficiency and environment.[Method] Using Qiubei ho...[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of slow and controlled release fertilizers（SCRF）on the yield of qiubei hot pepper,its nutrient use efficiency and environment.[Method] Using Qiubei hot pepper（Capsicum frutescens L.）as the experimental material,we studied the fertilization effect and environment-protecting effect of SCRF.[Result] The result showed that SCRF could improve the agronomic characteristics of hot pepper.Compared to singly applied common fertilizers,SCRF increased economic yield by 20.90% and economic benefit by 13 234.35 Yuan/hm2,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 47.93%.In comparison with common straight fertilizers at same NPK proportion and rate,SCRF increased economic yield by 5.26% and economic benefit by 5 554.80 Yuan/hm2,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 9.91%.Under the reduced use of SCRF by 20%,SCRF increased economic yield by 12.38% and economic benefit by 9595.20 Yuan/hm2 compared with singly applied common fertilizers,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 65.95%.SCRF improved nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies by 12.42-17.53,3.35-5.24 and 5.37-14.02 percents respectively.[Conclusion] As the result of much reduced N and P application rates,SCRF would significantly economize fertilizer resources and minimize the pollution caused by the loss of fertilizer nutrients,which is of practical importance for environment protection.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to screen a set of SSR core primers suitable for purity identification of pepper （Capsicum） hybrids. [Method] DNA fingerprint of 100 pepper hybrids was analyzed using 17 SSR primers. [Re...[Objective] This study aimed to screen a set of SSR core primers suitable for purity identification of pepper （Capsicum） hybrids. [Method] DNA fingerprint of 100 pepper hybrids was analyzed using 17 SSR primers. [Result] According to the polymorphism and heterozygosity, Hpms1-214, Es395 and Hpmsl-5 were determined as three preferred core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. By using these three preferred core primers, 97 pepper hybrids （accounting for 97%） had heterozygous band pattern with at least one primer. Es330, Es363, Epms923, Es120 and Es64 were determined as candidate core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. Specific primers of 14 varieties were obtained, which could be used to further screen parent-complementary primers of each pepper hybrid. [Con- clusion] This study laid the foundation for constructing standard DNA fingerprints for purity identification of pepper hybrids.展开更多
Objective The aim of this study was to explore the method and standard for rapidly screening low temperature-resistant pepper germplasm resources and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of low temperature-res...Objective The aim of this study was to explore the method and standard for rapidly screening low temperature-resistant pepper germplasm resources and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of low temperature-resistant pepper. [ Method ] With 110 pigment pepper seeds as the materials, their germination vigor under optimum temperature and suboptimal temperature were determined by means of roll rapid germination, and seeds with different genetic types were evaluated from aspects of germination vigor and its interval division. [ Result ] 37 pepper seeds with stronger low temperature resistance were screened. [ Conclusion]This study provides an important basis for screening low temperature-resistant pepper germplasm resources.展开更多
The aim of the research was to discuss the genetic relationships between Piper methysticum, Pepper and other wild species in Pepper genus. DNA was extracted from leaves which belonged to 28 germplasms including 6 mate...The aim of the research was to discuss the genetic relationships between Piper methysticum, Pepper and other wild species in Pepper genus. DNA was extracted from leaves which belonged to 28 germplasms including 6 materials of P. methysticum, 21 maerials of cultivated and wild Pepper, 1 material of Peperomia pellucida belonged to different genus. Premiers with good band-type and high polymorphism and resolution were selected from 64 pairs of primers for AFLP amplification and the clustering analysis was conducted with MVSP3.13f software. 191 bands were amplified by 4 pairs of premiers, 189 of which had polymorphism, being 98.6%. 28 germplasms were classified into 6 different groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.52 by silver staining AFLP, in which 6 materials of Piper methysticum were clustered into a single group, indicating that P. methysticum belonged to Pepper family of Pepper genus but were distantly related to the others. The research provided the basis for selecting rootstocks for P. methysticum graft, molecular identification of P. methysticum and the fingerprint construction of P. methysticum.展开更多
Research progress on the heterosis, cytoplasmic male sterility and biotechnology breeding of processing pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） was introduced, and the problems of limited germplasm resources and varieties of pr...Research progress on the heterosis, cytoplasmic male sterility and biotechnology breeding of processing pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） was introduced, and the problems of limited germplasm resources and varieties of processing pep- per, large gap with the foreign companies were pointed out. Some suggestions were proposed on strengthening innovation and collection of germplasm resources, breed- ing processing pepper varieties, enhancing breeding level of processing pepper and its market competitiveness.展开更多
Field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two slow-re- lease fertilizers and balanced fertilization on dry matter accumulation, yield, fertilizer use efficiency, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium up...Field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two slow-re- lease fertilizers and balanced fertilization on dry matter accumulation, yield, fertilizer use efficiency, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of peppers at Jiangna Town, Yanshan County, Yunnan Province in 2011. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation in dried pepper plant, pepper yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake in peppers were significantly increased in all the fertilizer treat- ments, compared with those in control （no fertilizer）. Compared with conventional fertilization, balanced fertilization, slow-release compound fertilizer and slow-release urea fertilizer significantly increased dried pepper economic output by 20.94%, 17.5% and 14.54%, nitrogen uptake in dried peppers by 21.53%,18.46% and 13.19%, phosphorus uptake in dried peppers by 14.08%, 15.76% and 10.44%, potassium uptake in dried peppers by 22.66%, 15.73% and 16.28%; they also in- creased nitrogen and potassium use efficiency, but reduced potassium use efficiency due to the increased potassium addition. In treatments with balanced fertilization, slow-release compound fertilizer and slow-release urea fertilizer, the nitrogen utiliza- tion was 5.84%, 7.14% and 8.33% higher and the phosphorus utilization was 3.32%, 3.27% and 2.47% higher than those in treatment with conventional fertiliza- tion. In addition, the nitrogen application could be reduced by 20%-50% by bal- anced fertilization and the two slow-release fertilizers, thereby reducing environmen- tal pollution. Slow-release fertilizers could also reduce the frequency of fertilization and labor costs.展开更多
[Objective] This study aimed to predict the heterosis of hot pepper using SSR genetice distance. [Method] Twenty-five hybridized combinations between 10pepper parents were obtained through NCⅡ incomplete diallel cros...[Objective] This study aimed to predict the heterosis of hot pepper using SSR genetice distance. [Method] Twenty-five hybridized combinations between 10pepper parents were obtained through NCⅡ incomplete diallel cross to analyze the relationship between SSR genetic distance and heterosis. [Result] The genetic distance of the parents varied in a range from 0.13 to 0.33, and the average genetic distance was 0.25, indicating that the genetic difference was not obvious among the parents, namely, they shared a close genetic relationship. In addition, the SSR genetic distance was closely related to yield per plant and fruits per plant, but showed no obvious correlation with other traits. [Conclusion] This study proved that in a certain range the combinations between the parents with a distant genetic distance possessed stronger heterosis and a larger possibility to produce a high yield and vice versa.展开更多
This paper summarized the technology of haploid production, protoplast culture, organ regeneration culture of pepper and the key factors affecting in vitro regeneration culture of pepper, including explants, seedling ...This paper summarized the technology of haploid production, protoplast culture, organ regeneration culture of pepper and the key factors affecting in vitro regeneration culture of pepper, including explants, seedling age, medium,genotype and plant growth regulator, then pointed out several main problems, in order to provide the reference for building an efficient in vitro regeneration culture system of pepper and its application in breeding.展开更多
[Objective]In order to increase anther culture efficiency of pepper.[Method]MS culture media and Bolajiaohong were used in this experiment to study the influences of carbon sources and concentrations on anther callus ...[Objective]In order to increase anther culture efficiency of pepper.[Method]MS culture media and Bolajiaohong were used in this experiment to study the influences of carbon sources and concentrations on anther callus induction of pepper.Jiayu was taken as a material to study influences of plant growth regulators and concentrations on anther callus induction of pepper according to L16（4^5） orthogonal design.[Result]The average callus and embryoid induction rates of maltose at all concentrations were higher than these of sucrose but the difference was not significant.Taking maltose or sucrose as a carbon source,3% to 6% concentration was good for increasing induction frequencies of calli and embryoids.However,If the concentration was over 6%,the induction rates were declined dramatically with the increase of sugar concentration.The influences of growth regulators on induction rate of calli were listed as 2,4-D﹥ZT﹥NAA﹥KT﹥6-BA;the influences on induction rates of embryoids were listed as 2,4-D﹥NAA﹥ZT﹥KT﹥6-BA.The 2,4-D,ZT,NAA and KT had signficant or extremely significant influences on induction rates of calli and embryoids.2,4-D,ZT at 1.0 mg/L and NNA,KT at 0.5 mg/L had the best effects.The influences of ZT on calli and embryoids were better than those of KT and 6-BA.1.0 mg/L 2,4-D ＋1.0 mg/L ZT ＋0.5 mg/L KT ＋0.5 mg/L 6-BA was the best regulator combination for induction culture of Jiayu anther.[Conclusion]The experiment provided research basis for anther culture of pepper.展开更多
文摘Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important agricultural crop because of the nutritional value of the fruit and its economic importance.Various techniques have been practiced to enhance pepper's productivity and nutritional value.Therefore,this study was conducted to determine the impact of different training methods and biostimulant applications on sweet pepper plants'growth,yield,and chemical composition under greenhouse conditions.For the training method,unpruned plants were compared with one stem and two stem plants.Unpruned plants had the fruit number of 33.98,fruit weight of 2.18 kg·plant^(-1),and total marketable yield of 1 090.0 kg·hm^(-2).One stem plant gave the best average fruit weight of 86.63 g,vitamin C content of 13.66 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and TSS content of 7.21%.However,two stem plants had the highest fruit setting of 62.41%,carotenoid content of 0.14 mg·kg^(-1)FW,and fruit chlorophyll content of 3.57 mg·kg^(-1)FW.For biostimulant applications,control plants were compared with the Disper Root (DR) and Disper Vital (DV).DR application significantly increased total sugar,carotenoid,fruit chlorophyll,and TSS contents compared to the control and DV applications.While,applying DV increased fruit setting,plant fruit number,weight,and total marketable yield.In addition,integrating one stem plant with the DR application improved fiber,vitamin C,and TSS contents significantly.Two stem plants,and the DV application improved fruit setting and carotenoid content.Thus,one and two stem training methods integrated with the DR and DV biostimulant applications could be considered for developing agricultural practices to obtain commercial yield and improve the nutrition values of sweet peppers,as unpruned plants without biostimulant applications have a negative impact.
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effects of mixed humus soil and straw ash substrate on rhizosphere bacterial community and growth of hot pepper.[Methods]In this pot experiment,high-throughput sequencing was conducted to analyze bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil of pepper plants treated with four different HA proportions.[Results]Pepper seedlings exhibited optimal growth in the 6:4(w/w)HA substrate.Bacterial structure and composition varied with the HA proportion.The relative abundance of the Proteobacteria phylum(ranging from 48.37%to 60.40%)was the highest across all treatments.Correlation analysis indicated that certain bacterial communities were closely related to the availability of soil nutrients and enzymatic activities.[Conclusions]This study elucidates the impact of HA proportion on rhizosphere bacterial communities and plant growth,laying a foundation for understanding the application of different mixed substrates and their effects on soil microbiology.
基金Supported by 2019 Mongolian Pharmacy"First-Class Discipline"Scientific Research Project of Inner Mongolia Medical University(myxy1xkky2019-17).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the effects of different doses of chili pepper on inflammatory response factors in rats.[Methods]Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into blank control group,high-dose chili pepper group,medium-dose chili pepper group,and low-dose chili pepper group.Chili pepper aqueous solution was administered by gavage for three months.One day after the last administration,serum and cerebrospinal fluid were collected to measure the concentrations of hs-CRP and IL-6 in serum,and PCT in cerebrospinal fluid.[Results]Compared with the blank control group,the high-dose,medium-dose,and low-dose chili pepper groups showed significant increases in hs-CRP,IL-6,and PCT levels(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Different doses of chili pepper exerted varying effects on inflammatory factors in rats.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(320MS108)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of the National Center for Tropical Agricultural Science,Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(CATASCXTD202303)Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources Utilization of Spice and Beverage Crops,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Quality Regulation for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops,or Hainan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Tropical Spice and Beverage Crops(2019xys007).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effects of high soil temperature stress on microorganisms utilizing different carbon sources in the rhizosphere of pepper seedlings.[Methods]Using seedlings of the main pepper cultivar‘Reyin 1’as experimental materials,five soil temperature gradients(25,30,35,40,and 45℃)were established.After a 96 d cultivation,soil nutrient content and soil microbial functional diversity were measured to elucidate the impact of high soil temperature on the soil microenvironment.[Results]As soil temperature increased,the contents of total nitrogen,alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and rapidly available potassium generally showed a decreasing trend.However,under the 45℃ treatment,the contents of total nitrogen,available phosphorus,and rapidly available potassium were the highest among all treatments,although the alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen content was significantly lower compared to the other treatments.BIOLOG analysis revealed that with increasing soil temperature,the average soil microbial absorbance value and the Shannon diversity index decreased significantly.In contrast,the Shannon evenness index and the Simpson dominance index showed no significant differences across the different temperature treatments.This indicates that as soil temperature rises,the carbon source utilization capacity of the soil microbial community decreases,leading to reduced overall carbon metabolic activity and microbial functional diversity,while the dominant microbial populations remained unchanged during this process.Principal component analysis further confirmed effective separation among the different temperature treatments,suggesting that high soil stress significantly altered the structure of the soil microbial community.[Conclusions]In practical production,appropriate measures should be taken to decrease soil temperature to create a favorable rhizosphere microenvironment and thereby promote crop growth.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2IA20230)the Guangdong Modern Vegetable Industry Technology System Project(2024CXTD08)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2024A1515010403)the Xizang Autonomous Region of Lhasa City Science and Technology Project(LSKJ202418)the Guangdong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs(Selection and Breeding of New High-Yielding and High-Quality Pepper Varieties)(2024-NPY-00-020).
文摘The color difference of capsicum fruit is closely related to the type and content of pigment in the peel,which is mainly determined by anthocyanins,chlorophyll,and carotenoids.This study used green“CA59”and purple“Z81”pepper fruits as parents to create the F2 generation.The fruit color of 466 F2 population was identified,and the extreme individuals from this population were selected for Bulked Segregant Analysis(BSA)using resequencing.Genetic analysis revealed that a pair of genes controls the expression of the purple fruit trait in capsicum.Using functional annotation,expression analysis,and sequencing analysis of candidate genes,it was determined that there were four genes in the region between InDel 67 and InDel 75(185,664,068 BP-186,514,350 bp)on chromosome 10,that is the linkage interval for pepper purple fruit.There are 7 SNPs in the CaMYB1 gene(Capann_59V1aChr10g016200)in the pepper variety“Z81”.Of these,4 SNPs are located in the gene’s coding region.These 4 SNPs lead to 2 mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence(synonymous mutations)and 2 mutations that do change the amino acid sequence(non-synonymous mutations).Additionally,the expression level of the CaMYB1 gene in the purple fruit of“Z81”is significantly higher than that in the green fruit of“CA59”.CaMYB1 is believed to be a crucial candidate gene in regulating anthocyanin production in purple capsicum fruit.A molecular marker,InDel 67,was successfully developed,with a total separation rate of 92.4%.
基金supported by a grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172552, 31572114)the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System (CARS23-G22)。
文摘To explore the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy contributes to pepper's heat tolerance, we previously identified the zinc-finger protein B-BOX 9/CONSTANS-LIKE 13(CaBBX9/CaCOL13) as an interaction partner of the autophagy related protein(ATG) CaATG8c, a core component in autophagy. However, the involvement of CaBBX9 in both autophagy and heat tolerance remains unclear. In this study, we further confirmed the interaction between CaBBX9 and CaATG8c and defined the interaction regions of CaBBX9 as CONSTANS, CONSTANS-Like, and TOC1(CCT) domain and the fragment region. The expression of CaBBX9 can be induced by heat treatment. CaBBX9 is co-localized with CaATG8c in the nucleus and exhibits a transcriptional activity. When the expression of CaBBX9 is silenced, the heat tolerance of pepper is enhanced, shown by the decrement of MDA content, H2O2and dead cells accumulation, and relative electrolyte leakage, along with the increment of chlorophyll content and expression level of heat-tolerance-related genes. Overexpression of CaBBX9 in tomatoes displays the opposite effects. Taken together, we demonstrate that CaBBX9 negatively regulates the heat tolerance of peppers by exacerbating oxidative damage and inhibiting the expression of heat-related genes. Our findings provide a new clue for guiding crop breeding for pepper tolerance to heat stress.
基金supported by a grant from the Agriculture&Technology Development(RS-2024-00322140)the National Research Foundation of Korea grant funded by the Korean Government,Republic of Korea(RS-2024-00343006)。
文摘Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)cascades are crucial in plant responses to various stresses.While the positioning of MAP4Ks within the canonical MAPK signaling module in plants remains controversial,emerging research continues to shed light on their functional roles.However,information on the MAP4K gene family in pepper(Capsicum annuum)is still limited.In this study,seven putative MAP4K genes(designated as CaMAP4K1–Ca MAP4K7)were identified from the pepper genome,each containing a conserved serine/threonine kinase domain.These genes were differentially expressed across various pepper organs,with CaMAP4K3 exhibiting consistently high expression in all organs and significant induction under drought stress.Kinase assays revealed that CaMAP4K3 is an active kinase whose activity is enhanced by drought and salt stress.Functional studies showed that silencing CaMAP4K3 enhanced drought resistance in pepper plants,reducing transpirational water loss and increasing leaf temperatures.Conversely,CaMAP4K3 overexpression in tobacco and Arabidopsis reduced drought tolerance,as evidenced by increased wilting and transpirational water loss.Additionally,CaMAP4K3-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants exhibited reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid(ABA)during seed germination and seedling growth.Collectively,these results suggest that CaMAP4K3 impairs drought resistance in pepper plants and potentially affects seed germination and seedling growth through the regulation of ABA signaling.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31772309,31860556 and32460757)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFD0101900)。
文摘Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)fruit cracking is a common physiological disorder that reduces the quality,shelf life,and commercial value of pepper.However,the physiological and genetic regulatory mechanisms involved in pepper fruit cracking are still unclear.Thus,in this study,we analyzed the physiological changes(pectin,hemicellulose,and cellulose contents)in two parental lines at different fruit developmental stages.Additionally,we constructed a linkage map with 12 linkage groups covering 2041.9 cM utilizing 106 simple sequence repeats(SSRs),and insertion/deletion(InDel)markers.We obtained a novel QTL,fc1.1,explained 23.36%of the phenotypic variation in the fruit cracking genotype,and the genetic distance was 7.99 c M,covering 136 predicted genes.The fc1.1 region contains one potential candidate gene,Capana01g001333(CaGAUT1),involved in pectin anabolism.The real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR),virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS),and cluster analysis confirmed that CaGAUT1 is a functional resistance gene for pepper fruit cracking.Our study lays a foundation for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms for pepper fruit cracking.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD2300702)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(2024RC3189)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(2024JJ4023)。
文摘Pepper fruit is highly favored for its spicy taste,diverse flavors,and significant nutritional benefits.The proper development of flowers and fruits directly determines the quality of pepper fruit.The YABBY gene family exhibits diverse functions in growth and development,which is crucial to the identity of flower organs.However,the specific functions of these genes in pepper remain unclear.In this study,nine CaYABBY genes were identified and characterized in pepper.Most CaYABBY genes were highly expressed in reproductive organs,albeit with varying expression patterns.The CaYABBY5 gene,uniquely expressed in petals and carpels,has been demonstrated to modulate floral organ determinacy and fruit shape through gene silencing in pepper and ectopic expression in tomato.Protein interaction analysis revealed an interacting protein SEPALLATA3-like protein(SEP3),exhibiting a similar expression profile to CaYABBY5.These findings suggest that CaYABBY5 may modulate the morphogenesis of floral organs and fruits by interacting with CaSEP3.This study provided valuable insights into the classification and function of CaYABBY genes in pepper.
文摘Exogenous proline is an effective agent for increasing plant tolerance to abiotic stress in plants. In this study, we evaluated its effect on seedlings of Siete Caldos chili pepper (Capsicum frutescens), a semi-domesticated variety. The Capsicum genus is known for its sensitivity to water stress. We pretreated the seedlings’ roots by immersing them in proline solutions (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 mM) for 48 h. Then, we exposed them to water stress using a Hoagland nutrient solution supplemented with 10% polyethylene glycol (PEG-8000) for nine days. We analyzed key physiological and biochemical parameters, including relative water content, cell membrane stability index, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll, and proline content. The results indicated that proline concentrations of 2.5 and 5 mM significantly increased tolerance to water stress, with 100% survival. These seedlings maintained greater hydration and cell membrane stability compared to non-pretreated seedlings. In contrast, at the highest concentrations (7.5 and 10 mM Pro), survival was 63.63% and 54.54%, respectively. This study demonstrated that exogenous proline enhances water stress tolerance in Capsicum frutescens seedlings by mitigating the negative impact on physiological and biochemical processes vital for survival. This theoretical foundation can be applied to improve chili seedling performance in controlled production environments.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest from Ministry of Agriculture(200903025-05)Fund from Kunming Municipal Science and Technology Committee(08S010201)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of slow and controlled release fertilizers（SCRF）on the yield of qiubei hot pepper,its nutrient use efficiency and environment.[Method] Using Qiubei hot pepper（Capsicum frutescens L.）as the experimental material,we studied the fertilization effect and environment-protecting effect of SCRF.[Result] The result showed that SCRF could improve the agronomic characteristics of hot pepper.Compared to singly applied common fertilizers,SCRF increased economic yield by 20.90% and economic benefit by 13 234.35 Yuan/hm2,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 47.93%.In comparison with common straight fertilizers at same NPK proportion and rate,SCRF increased economic yield by 5.26% and economic benefit by 5 554.80 Yuan/hm2,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 9.91%.Under the reduced use of SCRF by 20%,SCRF increased economic yield by 12.38% and economic benefit by 9595.20 Yuan/hm2 compared with singly applied common fertilizers,and the ratio of output to input was improved by 65.95%.SCRF improved nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium use efficiencies by 12.42-17.53,3.35-5.24 and 5.37-14.02 percents respectively.[Conclusion] As the result of much reduced N and P application rates,SCRF would significantly economize fertilizer resources and minimize the pollution caused by the loss of fertilizer nutrients,which is of practical importance for environment protection.
基金Supported by Excellent Team Training Program of Yunnan Academy of Agriculture Sciences(YAAS2014YY002)~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to screen a set of SSR core primers suitable for purity identification of pepper （Capsicum） hybrids. [Method] DNA fingerprint of 100 pepper hybrids was analyzed using 17 SSR primers. [Result] According to the polymorphism and heterozygosity, Hpms1-214, Es395 and Hpmsl-5 were determined as three preferred core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. By using these three preferred core primers, 97 pepper hybrids （accounting for 97%） had heterozygous band pattern with at least one primer. Es330, Es363, Epms923, Es120 and Es64 were determined as candidate core primers for purity identification of pepper hybrids. Specific primers of 14 varieties were obtained, which could be used to further screen parent-complementary primers of each pepper hybrid. [Con- clusion] This study laid the foundation for constructing standard DNA fingerprints for purity identification of pepper hybrids.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Support Program"Key Technology for male-sterile breeding of main vegetable cropsintegration and seed industrialization"(2008BADB1B04)SeedProject of Vegetable Germplasm and Breeding in Shandong Province"Start-up Funding of High-level Talents in Qingdao Agricultureuniversity"(630912)~~
文摘Objective The aim of this study was to explore the method and standard for rapidly screening low temperature-resistant pepper germplasm resources and provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of low temperature-resistant pepper. [ Method ] With 110 pigment pepper seeds as the materials, their germination vigor under optimum temperature and suboptimal temperature were determined by means of roll rapid germination, and seeds with different genetic types were evaluated from aspects of germination vigor and its interval division. [ Result ] 37 pepper seeds with stronger low temperature resistance were screened. [ Conclusion]This study provides an important basis for screening low temperature-resistant pepper germplasm resources.
基金Supported by the National Key Project of Tenth-five Year Plan(2001BA707B)School Foundation Program of Henan Science and Technology University~~
文摘The aim of the research was to discuss the genetic relationships between Piper methysticum, Pepper and other wild species in Pepper genus. DNA was extracted from leaves which belonged to 28 germplasms including 6 materials of P. methysticum, 21 maerials of cultivated and wild Pepper, 1 material of Peperomia pellucida belonged to different genus. Premiers with good band-type and high polymorphism and resolution were selected from 64 pairs of primers for AFLP amplification and the clustering analysis was conducted with MVSP3.13f software. 191 bands were amplified by 4 pairs of premiers, 189 of which had polymorphism, being 98.6%. 28 germplasms were classified into 6 different groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.52 by silver staining AFLP, in which 6 materials of Piper methysticum were clustered into a single group, indicating that P. methysticum belonged to Pepper family of Pepper genus but were distantly related to the others. The research provided the basis for selecting rootstocks for P. methysticum graft, molecular identification of P. methysticum and the fingerprint construction of P. methysticum.
基金Supported by the International S&T Cooperation Program of China(2011DFB31620)Aid Sudan Project by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe Project for China Agriculture Research System of Vegetable Industry(CARS-25-G-29)~~
文摘Research progress on the heterosis, cytoplasmic male sterility and biotechnology breeding of processing pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） was introduced, and the problems of limited germplasm resources and varieties of processing pep- per, large gap with the foreign companies were pointed out. Some suggestions were proposed on strengthening innovation and collection of germplasm resources, breed- ing processing pepper varieties, enhancing breeding level of processing pepper and its market competitiveness.
基金Supported by Special Fund from Ministry of Agriculture for Scientific Research(200903025-05)~~
文摘Field plot experiment was conducted to study the effects of two slow-re- lease fertilizers and balanced fertilization on dry matter accumulation, yield, fertilizer use efficiency, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake of peppers at Jiangna Town, Yanshan County, Yunnan Province in 2011. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation in dried pepper plant, pepper yield, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium uptake in peppers were significantly increased in all the fertilizer treat- ments, compared with those in control （no fertilizer）. Compared with conventional fertilization, balanced fertilization, slow-release compound fertilizer and slow-release urea fertilizer significantly increased dried pepper economic output by 20.94%, 17.5% and 14.54%, nitrogen uptake in dried peppers by 21.53%,18.46% and 13.19%, phosphorus uptake in dried peppers by 14.08%, 15.76% and 10.44%, potassium uptake in dried peppers by 22.66%, 15.73% and 16.28%; they also in- creased nitrogen and potassium use efficiency, but reduced potassium use efficiency due to the increased potassium addition. In treatments with balanced fertilization, slow-release compound fertilizer and slow-release urea fertilizer, the nitrogen utiliza- tion was 5.84%, 7.14% and 8.33% higher and the phosphorus utilization was 3.32%, 3.27% and 2.47% higher than those in treatment with conventional fertiliza- tion. In addition, the nitrogen application could be reduced by 20%-50% by bal- anced fertilization and the two slow-release fertilizers, thereby reducing environmen- tal pollution. Slow-release fertilizers could also reduce the frequency of fertilization and labor costs.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(200903025)Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Guizhou Province[(2011)3028+2 种基金(2011)3029]Special Fund of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences[(2009)018]Special Fund of Guizhou Province[(2012)2195]~~
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to predict the heterosis of hot pepper using SSR genetice distance. [Method] Twenty-five hybridized combinations between 10pepper parents were obtained through NCⅡ incomplete diallel cross to analyze the relationship between SSR genetic distance and heterosis. [Result] The genetic distance of the parents varied in a range from 0.13 to 0.33, and the average genetic distance was 0.25, indicating that the genetic difference was not obvious among the parents, namely, they shared a close genetic relationship. In addition, the SSR genetic distance was closely related to yield per plant and fruits per plant, but showed no obvious correlation with other traits. [Conclusion] This study proved that in a certain range the combinations between the parents with a distant genetic distance possessed stronger heterosis and a larger possibility to produce a high yield and vice versa.
基金Supported by Graduate Research Innovation Fund of Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2011004)~~
文摘This paper summarized the technology of haploid production, protoplast culture, organ regeneration culture of pepper and the key factors affecting in vitro regeneration culture of pepper, including explants, seedling age, medium,genotype and plant growth regulator, then pointed out several main problems, in order to provide the reference for building an efficient in vitro regeneration culture system of pepper and its application in breeding.
文摘[Objective]In order to increase anther culture efficiency of pepper.[Method]MS culture media and Bolajiaohong were used in this experiment to study the influences of carbon sources and concentrations on anther callus induction of pepper.Jiayu was taken as a material to study influences of plant growth regulators and concentrations on anther callus induction of pepper according to L16（4^5） orthogonal design.[Result]The average callus and embryoid induction rates of maltose at all concentrations were higher than these of sucrose but the difference was not significant.Taking maltose or sucrose as a carbon source,3% to 6% concentration was good for increasing induction frequencies of calli and embryoids.However,If the concentration was over 6%,the induction rates were declined dramatically with the increase of sugar concentration.The influences of growth regulators on induction rate of calli were listed as 2,4-D﹥ZT﹥NAA﹥KT﹥6-BA;the influences on induction rates of embryoids were listed as 2,4-D﹥NAA﹥ZT﹥KT﹥6-BA.The 2,4-D,ZT,NAA and KT had signficant or extremely significant influences on induction rates of calli and embryoids.2,4-D,ZT at 1.0 mg/L and NNA,KT at 0.5 mg/L had the best effects.The influences of ZT on calli and embryoids were better than those of KT and 6-BA.1.0 mg/L 2,4-D ＋1.0 mg/L ZT ＋0.5 mg/L KT ＋0.5 mg/L 6-BA was the best regulator combination for induction culture of Jiayu anther.[Conclusion]The experiment provided research basis for anther culture of pepper.
