The 20th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee held its fourth plenary session in Beijing on October 20-23.The plenary session's central task was to deliberate on the framework of the country's next n...The 20th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee held its fourth plenary session in Beijing on October 20-23.The plenary session's central task was to deliberate on the framework of the country's next national development roadmap:the 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-2030).Every five-year plan is important but this one arrives at a truly pivotal moment in terms of China's development trajectory and the global environment.展开更多
During the 14th Five-Year Plan period,a government-led transformation,incorporating resident’s participation,has breathed new life into the capital’s aging neighborhoods.
Ecological restoration is considered an important way to mitigate ecosystem degradation and improve regional nature’s contributions to people(NCPs).Ecological planning is a prerequisite for ecological restoration and...Ecological restoration is considered an important way to mitigate ecosystem degradation and improve regional nature’s contributions to people(NCPs).Ecological planning is a prerequisite for ecological restoration and the prevention of future ecological risks.However,few studies have focused on integrating ecological plans within the framework of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs).In this study,taking the Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau(QXP)as a case,we assessed ecological restoration priorities based on NCPs under various SDGs and SSP scenarios.Specifically,the land use demand was predicted using system dynamics(SD)and cellular automata(CA)models between 2030 and 2060 under SDG-SSP scenarios.In addition,habitat maintenance(NCP1),climate regulation(NCP4),and water quantity regulation(NCP6)were assessed based on the predicted land use.Finally,priority areas for ecological restoration were identified using a zonation model.The results indicated that the grassland,forest,and cultivated areas will increase in the SDGs and SSPs scenarios,respectively.The high-value NCP areas are mainly located in the southeast part of the QXP,accounting for 45.16%of the study area.In addition,the ecological restoration area involves grassland,cultivated and bare land.In the single-objective scenario,NCP1,NCP4,and NCP6 can be improved by 30.29%,28.75%and 25.63%,respectively,through the restoration of 15.33%of the priority areas identified in 2015.When shifting to a multi-objective cooperative optimum,NCP1,NCP4 and NCP6 can be improved 35.79%by restoring 54.96%of the priority areas.This study provides insight into how SDGs and SSPs can contribute to ecological restoration for mitigating ecosystem degradation under SDG-SSP scenarios.展开更多
The anti-Japanese woodcuts focus on the red revolutionary culture and describe the connotation of the Anti-Japanese War era,which is self-evident in the commemorative value of China’s revolutionary struggle history.F...The anti-Japanese woodcuts focus on the red revolutionary culture and describe the connotation of the Anti-Japanese War era,which is self-evident in the commemorative value of China’s revolutionary struggle history.For example,in Shanxi,China,woodcut art activities and social practice promotion activities organized around the theme of the Anti-Japanese War are also everywhere,which all show the people’s nature of the Chinese people during the revolutionary struggle from the two aspects of the red culture of the Anti-Japanese War and traditional art and culture,and its humanistic connotation is quite profound.In this paper,we first introduce the historical origin of woodcut during the Anti-Japanese War,and then show the people’s value connotation of woodcut art activities in Shanxi.This paper mainly discusses the image narration,language and picture narration and construction significance of woodcuts in Shanxi’s War of Resistance,fully reveals the narrative nature of image media,strives to arouse people’s recognition of this period of Shanxi’s War of Resistance culture and history,and reflects the realistic value and significance of Shanxi’s War of Resistance Woodcuts art activities.展开更多
The unity of “party spirit-people’s nature” is the basic proposition of Xi Jinping’s governance.Deng Xiaoping summarized the experience and lessons in the early days of reform and opening up,and put forward the ba...The unity of “party spirit-people’s nature” is the basic proposition of Xi Jinping’s governance.Deng Xiaoping summarized the experience and lessons in the early days of reform and opening up,and put forward the basic line of the “leadership and unity” of the party in the early stage of socialism around “one center,two basic points”;Xi Jinping’s so-called “unification”,which is based on the the basic line of Deng Xiaoping’s initial stage of building a socialist country that is “rich,strong,democratic,civilized,harmonious and beautiful”,has further established the importance of “people as the center” and “party’s leadership”.Therefore,the “people-centered” and “the party’s overall leadership” are unified and become the basic idea of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s governance of the country.Xi Jinping has put forward the unity of “party spirit-people’s nature”,the “consistency” between governing the country and politics,and the “integration” between the people’s interests and the party’s leadership,thus forming “persistence”,“comprehensive”,“confidence”,“maintenance” and other assertions.展开更多
Purpose: This study aims to clarify the definition, attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concept of people-centered care (PCC). Method: Rogers and Knafl’s evolutionary method was used to analyze the conce...Purpose: This study aims to clarify the definition, attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concept of people-centered care (PCC). Method: Rogers and Knafl’s evolutionary method was used to analyze the concept of People-centered care. The cords such as “Attributes,” “Antecedent,” and “Consequences” were extracted on the coding sheet. The extracted contents of each of the “Attributes,” “Antecedent,” and “Consequences” from the created coding sheets were summarized as codes, and similar codes were categorized. Result: We included 33 studies in the analysis. As a result of the analysis, we identified four attributes (the subject is people, approaches to improving and enhancing health issues, relationships as a basis for partnership building, and behavioral attitudes for building partnerships), four antecedents (changes in social conditions, increasing people’s ownership of their health, health issues in modern society, and care in a variety of settings), and three consequences (achieving goals set by the people themselves, self-transformations of both people and healthcare providers, and social transformations). Discussion: Based on the analysis results, PCC was defined as “an initiative in which people step forward and partner with health care providers to improve and enhance health issues in individuals and communities.” In various social and individual changes, the realization of PCC is expected to result in the achievement of goals set by the people themselves together with health care providers and the transformation of individuals and society.展开更多
IN big Chinese cities, traditional funeral etiquette has become simplified, with many old funeral rituals no longer practiced. Yet in the vast rural areas, the passing of a family member is still a big thing, with the...IN big Chinese cities, traditional funeral etiquette has become simplified, with many old funeral rituals no longer practiced. Yet in the vast rural areas, the passing of a family member is still a big thing, with the bereaved wanting to show filial piety through honoring the deceased.展开更多
In 2024,the Center for Cambodian Studies at Beijing Foreign Studies University(BFSU)and the Institute for International Studies and Public Policy at the Royal University of Phnom Phen(RUPP)conducted a survey on how yo...In 2024,the Center for Cambodian Studies at Beijing Foreign Studies University(BFSU)and the Institute for International Studies and Public Policy at the Royal University of Phnom Phen(RUPP)conducted a survey on how young Cambodians view Cambodia’s people-to-people ties with China.Echoing the celebrations of 2024 Cambodia-China People-to-People Exchange Year,the two institutions sampled different groups of people ranging from students to civil society representatives,taking a deep dive into their views on intercultural connections between Cambodia and China.This survey collected 2,200 valid responses,an almost 6.5-fold increase compared to a previous survey done by BFSU and RUPP in 2021.展开更多
1. Concept of People＇s Livelihood in Traditional Chinese Culture The concept of human rights was borrowed from the West. In order to have it become rooted in China, people needed to find traces in Chinese culture on ...1. Concept of People＇s Livelihood in Traditional Chinese Culture The concept of human rights was borrowed from the West. In order to have it become rooted in China, people needed to find traces in Chinese culture on which the human rights theoretical system could be based and the Chinese human rights idea could be realized.展开更多
The commissioning of Nanbao-Tangshan gas pipeline started to transported natural gas from East Hebei Oil Field to Tangshan City, Hebei Province since June 16th. More than 20 000 households in Tangshan have completed
Tibeto-Burman(TB)people have endeavored to adapt to the hypoxic,cold,and high-UV high-altitude environments in the Tibetan Plateau and complex disease exposures in lowland rainforests since the late Paleolithic period...Tibeto-Burman(TB)people have endeavored to adapt to the hypoxic,cold,and high-UV high-altitude environments in the Tibetan Plateau and complex disease exposures in lowland rainforests since the late Paleolithic period.However,the full landscape of genetic history and biological adaptation of geographically diverse TB-speaking people,as well as their interaction mechanism,remain unknown.Here,we generate a whole-genome meta-database of 500 individuals from 39 TB-speaking populations and present a comprehensive landscape of genetic diversity,admixture history,and differentiated adaptative features of geographically different TB-speaking people.We identify genetic differentiation related to geography and language among TB-speaking people,consistent with their differentiated admixture process with incoming or indigenous ancestral source populations.A robust genetic connection between the Tibetan-Yi corridor and the ancient Yellow River people supports their Northern China origin hypothesis.We finally report substructure-related differentiated biological adaptative signatures between highland Tibetans and Loloish speakers.Adaptative signatures associated with the physical pigmentation(EDAR and SLC24A5)and metabolism(ALDH9A1)are identified in Loloish people,which differed from the high-altitude adaptative genetic architecture in Tibetan.TB-related genomic resources provide new insights into the genetic basis of biological adaptation and better reference for the anthropologically informed sampling design in biomedical and genomic cohort research.展开更多
Cognitive function of older adults is influenced by several factors such as age,sex,education,and physical activity so that it can impact the decrease in progressive cognitive function.It is necessary to implement cog...Cognitive function of older adults is influenced by several factors such as age,sex,education,and physical activity so that it can impact the decrease in progressive cognitive function.It is necessary to implement cognitive training in old people’s care to prevent or delay the onset of age-related cognitive decline.Brain gym is a series of simple motion exercises and is an alternative therapy that stimulates the brain.This study aims to evaluate the effect of brain gym as a cognitive training intervention on global cognitive functioning of institutionalized older population.The study is a non-randomized quasi-experimental one using pre-and post-test control group design.The participants of the study were 65 years old or older who had been part of gerontological centers from a local community.They were divided into two groups:control and intervention,each one with 15 people.Mini-Mental State Examination was applied to the sample before and after the cognitive training.The brain gym training consists of bi-weekly group meeting for 12 weeks,lasting 50 min each.The treated group had a significantly better global cognitive function.Recalling(memory),orientation and language skills were the domains with the most significant changes(p<0.05).On the other hand,no significant changes were found in the participants of control groups during post test.Our results suggest that cognitive training based in brain gym improves global cognitive function of institutionalized older people lease type your abstract here.Abstract of a research paper is typically 200 to 400 words in length,and 150 to 300 words for a review paper.Abstract shall be running continuously(not structured)and shall not include reference citations.Abbreviations that appear only once in the abstract should be defined in full.If abbreviations appear more than once,the full definitions should be provided first before they can be used elsewhere.展开更多
This paper relates to the statement that the so-called “Little Ice Age” (RCC 6: 1.350-1.800 A.D.) represents—besides the 8k-Event (8.200-8.000 yr cal. B.P.)—the fastest and strongest onset in Holocene History [1]....This paper relates to the statement that the so-called “Little Ice Age” (RCC 6: 1.350-1.800 A.D.) represents—besides the 8k-Event (8.200-8.000 yr cal. B.P.)—the fastest and strongest onset in Holocene History [1]. Its intention focuses on the correlation of interplaying natural processes (i.e. solar energy variation, aerosols, oceanic currents, volcanism as part of plate tectonics, heat flow) with social/political evidence through the time-span of Peoples’ Migration until Industrial Revolution (3rd-18th Century). The time-span comprises the cool/wet/respectively dry climate phase of the P.M. (260-550), a Climate Optimum (600-1.100 A.D.) owning a final Thermal Maximum (1.100-1.260 A.D.) and the “little Ice Age” (1.350-1.800 A.D.), the latter intercalated by the Spörer Minimum (1.460-1.550 A.D.) and the Maunder Minimum (1.650-1.720 A.D.). Thereby, an average temperature difference of 1.0°C - 2.0°C seems sufficient for incising climatic/cultural consequences [2]. It has become obvious that a Climate Optimum primarily provides constructive life conditions;however with a problematic final as the following “Effect-Chain” tells: balanced agricultural/cultural population growth → rich harvests → satisfying nourishment → health, encouragement → overpopulation under favorable materialistic conditions → increasing stress → lack of food, high prices → revolts → migration. In contrast, cool/wet/resp. dry conditions originate destructive/depressive conditions (see Peoples’ Migration) which initiate the following “Effect Chain”: bad agricultural conditions → poor/no harvesting → famine → disease, growing death rate → social, political revolts, wars → human cruelties with psychic/religious background (inquisition, witch-combustion → general chaos (30 yr-war) → death, migration (maritime endeavors, colonization). Furthermore, it should be stressed that volcanic aerosols play besides the solar influx variation—an important role on climate/cultural change [3]. However, the effects of oceanic currents’ heat flow of Mid-Oceanic Ridges and Hot Spots, as well as Earth-Magnetism and Sun/Earth Geometry are poorly understood in this context (Example: Iceland as hot spot situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge having been working since 40 Ma). The Chapter-introducing citations play a challenging role in regard to Science Criticism and touch the so-called 95% Confidence line (accepted realm of causal interrelation and according recommendation to Society [4]).展开更多
State-owned enterprises(SOEs) serve as an important material and political basis for socialism with Chinese characteristics. SOEs must be reformed in accordance with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialist Economy with Chines...State-owned enterprises(SOEs) serve as an important material and political basis for socialism with Chinese characteristics. SOEs must be reformed in accordance with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialist Economy with Chinese characteristics for a new era, which is the fundamental basis for maintaining the nature and direction of reform for SOEs. Reforms must be built on the fundamental standpoint with people at the center, and aimed at emancipating, developing and protecting productive forces based on the principles of justice and fairness, which is also the direction for Chinese SOEs reform in the new era. Adherence to the public ownership of state-owned assets in the form of value and its market-oriented management in the form of use-value is not only the objective requirement of a production mode adapting to the growth of productive forces, but also the logic of SOEs reform in the new era. Meanwhile, SOEs need to highlight the top-level designs of governmental systems in the reform process, giving e ective play to the leading and guiding roles of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialist Economy with Chinese characteristics for a new era.展开更多
The Natural Approach has got through the debates and is proved to be helpful in foreign language teaching.Based on this,the student-centered & topic-based approach is proved to be an appropriate way in college Eng...The Natural Approach has got through the debates and is proved to be helpful in foreign language teaching.Based on this,the student-centered & topic-based approach is proved to be an appropriate way in college English teaching.This paper is devoted to justifying the effectiveness of this approach in the college English classroom,and providing an organization of a typical college English class.展开更多
The 20th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee held its fourth plenary session in Beijing on October 20-23.The plenary session's central task was to deliberate on the framework of the country's next n...The 20th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee held its fourth plenary session in Beijing on October 20-23.The plenary session's central task was to deliberate on the framework of the country's next national development roadmap:the 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-30),which will be formally adopted at next year's full session of the National People's Congress,China's top legislature.Every five-year plan is important but this one arrives at a truly pivotal moment in terms of China's development trajectory and the global environment.展开更多
文摘The 20th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee held its fourth plenary session in Beijing on October 20-23.The plenary session's central task was to deliberate on the framework of the country's next national development roadmap:the 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-2030).Every five-year plan is important but this one arrives at a truly pivotal moment in terms of China's development trajectory and the global environment.
文摘During the 14th Five-Year Plan period,a government-led transformation,incorporating resident’s participation,has breathed new life into the capital’s aging neighborhoods.
基金supported by the second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(Grant No.2019QZKK0405)the National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2022YFF1303204)of the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(Grant No.42271097).
文摘Ecological restoration is considered an important way to mitigate ecosystem degradation and improve regional nature’s contributions to people(NCPs).Ecological planning is a prerequisite for ecological restoration and the prevention of future ecological risks.However,few studies have focused on integrating ecological plans within the framework of Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and shared socioeconomic pathways(SSPs).In this study,taking the Qinghai‒Xizang Plateau(QXP)as a case,we assessed ecological restoration priorities based on NCPs under various SDGs and SSP scenarios.Specifically,the land use demand was predicted using system dynamics(SD)and cellular automata(CA)models between 2030 and 2060 under SDG-SSP scenarios.In addition,habitat maintenance(NCP1),climate regulation(NCP4),and water quantity regulation(NCP6)were assessed based on the predicted land use.Finally,priority areas for ecological restoration were identified using a zonation model.The results indicated that the grassland,forest,and cultivated areas will increase in the SDGs and SSPs scenarios,respectively.The high-value NCP areas are mainly located in the southeast part of the QXP,accounting for 45.16%of the study area.In addition,the ecological restoration area involves grassland,cultivated and bare land.In the single-objective scenario,NCP1,NCP4,and NCP6 can be improved by 30.29%,28.75%and 25.63%,respectively,through the restoration of 15.33%of the priority areas identified in 2015.When shifting to a multi-objective cooperative optimum,NCP1,NCP4 and NCP6 can be improved 35.79%by restoring 54.96%of the priority areas.This study provides insight into how SDGs and SSPs can contribute to ecological restoration for mitigating ecosystem degradation under SDG-SSP scenarios.
文摘The anti-Japanese woodcuts focus on the red revolutionary culture and describe the connotation of the Anti-Japanese War era,which is self-evident in the commemorative value of China’s revolutionary struggle history.For example,in Shanxi,China,woodcut art activities and social practice promotion activities organized around the theme of the Anti-Japanese War are also everywhere,which all show the people’s nature of the Chinese people during the revolutionary struggle from the two aspects of the red culture of the Anti-Japanese War and traditional art and culture,and its humanistic connotation is quite profound.In this paper,we first introduce the historical origin of woodcut during the Anti-Japanese War,and then show the people’s value connotation of woodcut art activities in Shanxi.This paper mainly discusses the image narration,language and picture narration and construction significance of woodcuts in Shanxi’s War of Resistance,fully reveals the narrative nature of image media,strives to arouse people’s recognition of this period of Shanxi’s War of Resistance culture and history,and reflects the realistic value and significance of Shanxi’s War of Resistance Woodcuts art activities.
文摘The unity of “party spirit-people’s nature” is the basic proposition of Xi Jinping’s governance.Deng Xiaoping summarized the experience and lessons in the early days of reform and opening up,and put forward the basic line of the “leadership and unity” of the party in the early stage of socialism around “one center,two basic points”;Xi Jinping’s so-called “unification”,which is based on the the basic line of Deng Xiaoping’s initial stage of building a socialist country that is “rich,strong,democratic,civilized,harmonious and beautiful”,has further established the importance of “people as the center” and “party’s leadership”.Therefore,the “people-centered” and “the party’s overall leadership” are unified and become the basic idea of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s governance of the country.Xi Jinping has put forward the unity of “party spirit-people’s nature”,the “consistency” between governing the country and politics,and the “integration” between the people’s interests and the party’s leadership,thus forming “persistence”,“comprehensive”,“confidence”,“maintenance” and other assertions.
文摘Purpose: This study aims to clarify the definition, attributes, antecedents, and consequences of the concept of people-centered care (PCC). Method: Rogers and Knafl’s evolutionary method was used to analyze the concept of People-centered care. The cords such as “Attributes,” “Antecedent,” and “Consequences” were extracted on the coding sheet. The extracted contents of each of the “Attributes,” “Antecedent,” and “Consequences” from the created coding sheets were summarized as codes, and similar codes were categorized. Result: We included 33 studies in the analysis. As a result of the analysis, we identified four attributes (the subject is people, approaches to improving and enhancing health issues, relationships as a basis for partnership building, and behavioral attitudes for building partnerships), four antecedents (changes in social conditions, increasing people’s ownership of their health, health issues in modern society, and care in a variety of settings), and three consequences (achieving goals set by the people themselves, self-transformations of both people and healthcare providers, and social transformations). Discussion: Based on the analysis results, PCC was defined as “an initiative in which people step forward and partner with health care providers to improve and enhance health issues in individuals and communities.” In various social and individual changes, the realization of PCC is expected to result in the achievement of goals set by the people themselves together with health care providers and the transformation of individuals and society.
文摘IN big Chinese cities, traditional funeral etiquette has become simplified, with many old funeral rituals no longer practiced. Yet in the vast rural areas, the passing of a family member is still a big thing, with the bereaved wanting to show filial piety through honoring the deceased.
文摘In 2024,the Center for Cambodian Studies at Beijing Foreign Studies University(BFSU)and the Institute for International Studies and Public Policy at the Royal University of Phnom Phen(RUPP)conducted a survey on how young Cambodians view Cambodia’s people-to-people ties with China.Echoing the celebrations of 2024 Cambodia-China People-to-People Exchange Year,the two institutions sampled different groups of people ranging from students to civil society representatives,taking a deep dive into their views on intercultural connections between Cambodia and China.This survey collected 2,200 valid responses,an almost 6.5-fold increase compared to a previous survey done by BFSU and RUPP in 2021.
文摘1. Concept of People＇s Livelihood in Traditional Chinese Culture The concept of human rights was borrowed from the West. In order to have it become rooted in China, people needed to find traces in Chinese culture on which the human rights theoretical system could be based and the Chinese human rights idea could be realized.
文摘The commissioning of Nanbao-Tangshan gas pipeline started to transported natural gas from East Hebei Oil Field to Tangshan City, Hebei Province since June 16th. More than 20 000 households in Tangshan have completed
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82202078)the Center for Archaeological Science of Sichuan University(23SASA01).
文摘Tibeto-Burman(TB)people have endeavored to adapt to the hypoxic,cold,and high-UV high-altitude environments in the Tibetan Plateau and complex disease exposures in lowland rainforests since the late Paleolithic period.However,the full landscape of genetic history and biological adaptation of geographically diverse TB-speaking people,as well as their interaction mechanism,remain unknown.Here,we generate a whole-genome meta-database of 500 individuals from 39 TB-speaking populations and present a comprehensive landscape of genetic diversity,admixture history,and differentiated adaptative features of geographically different TB-speaking people.We identify genetic differentiation related to geography and language among TB-speaking people,consistent with their differentiated admixture process with incoming or indigenous ancestral source populations.A robust genetic connection between the Tibetan-Yi corridor and the ancient Yellow River people supports their Northern China origin hypothesis.We finally report substructure-related differentiated biological adaptative signatures between highland Tibetans and Loloish speakers.Adaptative signatures associated with the physical pigmentation(EDAR and SLC24A5)and metabolism(ALDH9A1)are identified in Loloish people,which differed from the high-altitude adaptative genetic architecture in Tibetan.TB-related genomic resources provide new insights into the genetic basis of biological adaptation and better reference for the anthropologically informed sampling design in biomedical and genomic cohort research.
基金The Gerontological Centers from Hidalgo State in Mexico are acknowledged for their support in the development of this research.
文摘Cognitive function of older adults is influenced by several factors such as age,sex,education,and physical activity so that it can impact the decrease in progressive cognitive function.It is necessary to implement cognitive training in old people’s care to prevent or delay the onset of age-related cognitive decline.Brain gym is a series of simple motion exercises and is an alternative therapy that stimulates the brain.This study aims to evaluate the effect of brain gym as a cognitive training intervention on global cognitive functioning of institutionalized older population.The study is a non-randomized quasi-experimental one using pre-and post-test control group design.The participants of the study were 65 years old or older who had been part of gerontological centers from a local community.They were divided into two groups:control and intervention,each one with 15 people.Mini-Mental State Examination was applied to the sample before and after the cognitive training.The brain gym training consists of bi-weekly group meeting for 12 weeks,lasting 50 min each.The treated group had a significantly better global cognitive function.Recalling(memory),orientation and language skills were the domains with the most significant changes(p<0.05).On the other hand,no significant changes were found in the participants of control groups during post test.Our results suggest that cognitive training based in brain gym improves global cognitive function of institutionalized older people lease type your abstract here.Abstract of a research paper is typically 200 to 400 words in length,and 150 to 300 words for a review paper.Abstract shall be running continuously(not structured)and shall not include reference citations.Abbreviations that appear only once in the abstract should be defined in full.If abbreviations appear more than once,the full definitions should be provided first before they can be used elsewhere.
文摘This paper relates to the statement that the so-called “Little Ice Age” (RCC 6: 1.350-1.800 A.D.) represents—besides the 8k-Event (8.200-8.000 yr cal. B.P.)—the fastest and strongest onset in Holocene History [1]. Its intention focuses on the correlation of interplaying natural processes (i.e. solar energy variation, aerosols, oceanic currents, volcanism as part of plate tectonics, heat flow) with social/political evidence through the time-span of Peoples’ Migration until Industrial Revolution (3rd-18th Century). The time-span comprises the cool/wet/respectively dry climate phase of the P.M. (260-550), a Climate Optimum (600-1.100 A.D.) owning a final Thermal Maximum (1.100-1.260 A.D.) and the “little Ice Age” (1.350-1.800 A.D.), the latter intercalated by the Spörer Minimum (1.460-1.550 A.D.) and the Maunder Minimum (1.650-1.720 A.D.). Thereby, an average temperature difference of 1.0°C - 2.0°C seems sufficient for incising climatic/cultural consequences [2]. It has become obvious that a Climate Optimum primarily provides constructive life conditions;however with a problematic final as the following “Effect-Chain” tells: balanced agricultural/cultural population growth → rich harvests → satisfying nourishment → health, encouragement → overpopulation under favorable materialistic conditions → increasing stress → lack of food, high prices → revolts → migration. In contrast, cool/wet/resp. dry conditions originate destructive/depressive conditions (see Peoples’ Migration) which initiate the following “Effect Chain”: bad agricultural conditions → poor/no harvesting → famine → disease, growing death rate → social, political revolts, wars → human cruelties with psychic/religious background (inquisition, witch-combustion → general chaos (30 yr-war) → death, migration (maritime endeavors, colonization). Furthermore, it should be stressed that volcanic aerosols play besides the solar influx variation—an important role on climate/cultural change [3]. However, the effects of oceanic currents’ heat flow of Mid-Oceanic Ridges and Hot Spots, as well as Earth-Magnetism and Sun/Earth Geometry are poorly understood in this context (Example: Iceland as hot spot situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge having been working since 40 Ma). The Chapter-introducing citations play a challenging role in regard to Science Criticism and touch the so-called 95% Confidence line (accepted realm of causal interrelation and according recommendation to Society [4]).
基金Key Program of the Ministry of Education(15JZD012)Youth Foundation of the Ministry of Education(16YJC790016)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M602782)
文摘State-owned enterprises(SOEs) serve as an important material and political basis for socialism with Chinese characteristics. SOEs must be reformed in accordance with Xi Jinping Thought on Socialist Economy with Chinese characteristics for a new era, which is the fundamental basis for maintaining the nature and direction of reform for SOEs. Reforms must be built on the fundamental standpoint with people at the center, and aimed at emancipating, developing and protecting productive forces based on the principles of justice and fairness, which is also the direction for Chinese SOEs reform in the new era. Adherence to the public ownership of state-owned assets in the form of value and its market-oriented management in the form of use-value is not only the objective requirement of a production mode adapting to the growth of productive forces, but also the logic of SOEs reform in the new era. Meanwhile, SOEs need to highlight the top-level designs of governmental systems in the reform process, giving e ective play to the leading and guiding roles of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialist Economy with Chinese characteristics for a new era.
文摘The Natural Approach has got through the debates and is proved to be helpful in foreign language teaching.Based on this,the student-centered & topic-based approach is proved to be an appropriate way in college English teaching.This paper is devoted to justifying the effectiveness of this approach in the college English classroom,and providing an organization of a typical college English class.
文摘The 20th Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee held its fourth plenary session in Beijing on October 20-23.The plenary session's central task was to deliberate on the framework of the country's next national development roadmap:the 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-30),which will be formally adopted at next year's full session of the National People's Congress,China's top legislature.Every five-year plan is important but this one arrives at a truly pivotal moment in terms of China's development trajectory and the global environment.
