传统的沉积物孔隙水磷酸盐含量测定方法通常是采用离心法获取沉积物柱芯孔隙水,然后再进行磷酸盐含量测定。这种常规测定方法不仅破坏了沉积物的原本物理化学结构,而且分样间距多为厘米级,无法满足沉积物-水界面磷酸盐的高分辨率分布特...传统的沉积物孔隙水磷酸盐含量测定方法通常是采用离心法获取沉积物柱芯孔隙水,然后再进行磷酸盐含量测定。这种常规测定方法不仅破坏了沉积物的原本物理化学结构,而且分样间距多为厘米级,无法满足沉积物-水界面磷酸盐的高分辨率分布特征研究和释放通量的高精度估算要求。为克服传统监测技术破坏系统原始状态和分辨率低的弊端,近年来沉积物孔隙水磷酸盐原位监测技术迅猛发展,较为成熟的有透析装置技术(Dialysis peepers)、薄膜扩散平衡技术(Diffusive equilibrium in thin-films technique,DET)和薄膜扩散梯度技术(Diffusive gradients in thin-films technique,DGT)等。本文综述了透析装置技术、薄膜扩散平衡技术和薄膜扩散梯度技术的基本原理和应用实例,对比分析了他们各自的优缺点和发展应用前景。DGT作为一种新型、廉价的原位被动采样技术,具有原位和高分辨率监测的优点,被广泛应用于水体、沉积物和土壤等研究,在获取沉积物孔隙水磷酸盐含量及时空分布特征等方面优势突出。如何延长DGT胶体的使用寿命、提高监测的空间分辨率和实现多元素同步监测是其主要发展方向。大量研究表明,沉积物内源磷释放与沉积物中Fe-S的耦合循环存在密切联系,深入了解湖泊沉积物P-Fe-S的耦合生物地球化学循环过程是揭示湖泊内源磷释放机制的一把钥匙。快速发展的薄膜扩散梯度(DGT)技术及其与DET技术联用无疑为P-Fe-S耦合循环研究提供了有效手段,亟待在不同类型湖泊中应用和完善,为深刻揭示P-Fe-S耦合循环过程与机制提供独特信息。展开更多
Different N and P fractions inmicrocosm incubation experiment was measured using highresolution in-situ Peeper and DGT techniques combining with sequential extraction procedure.The results showed the synchronous desor...Different N and P fractions inmicrocosm incubation experiment was measured using highresolution in-situ Peeper and DGT techniques combining with sequential extraction procedure.The results showed the synchronous desorption and release of PO_(4)^(3-),S^(2-)and Fe^(2+)from the solid soil-originated sediment.This trend indicated that the significant reduction of Fe-P and SO_(4)^(2-) occurred in the pore water during the inundation.The concentrations of PO_(4)^(3-) in the overlying water and pore water increased to more than 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L at the beginning of the incubation experiment.Decreased NO_(3)^(-) concentrations from more than 1.5 mg/L to less than 0.5 mg/L combining with increasing NH^(4+) concentrations from less than 1mg/L tomore than 5 mg/L suggested the remarkable NO_(3)-reduction via dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia(DNRA)pathway over time.High NH^(4+) concentrations in the pore water aggravated the release of Fe^(2+) through reduction of Fe(Ⅲ)-P as electric acceptors under anaerobic conditions.This process further stimulated the remarkable releasing of labile PO_(4)^(3-) from the solid phase to the solution and potential diffusion into overlying water.Additionally,high S^(2-) concentration at deeper layer indicated the reduction and releasing of S^(2-)from oxidation states,which can stimulated the NO_(3)^(-)reduction and the accumulation of NH^(4+)in the pore water.This process can also provoke the reduction of Fe-P as electric acceptors following the release of labile PO_(4)^(3-)into pore water.Generally,inundation potentially facilitate the desorption of labile P and attention should be paid during the reclaiming lake from polder.展开更多
Wetlands are often created through wetland mitigation to replace lost natural wetlands, but further evaluation is needed to determine the ability of a created wetland to replace lost wetland functions, especially prov...Wetlands are often created through wetland mitigation to replace lost natural wetlands, but further evaluation is needed to determine the ability of a created wetland to replace lost wetland functions, especially providing wildlife habitat. We used a mesocosm design to compare the water quality between three created wetlands and three natural wetlands in West Virginia, USA and to evaluate how the water quality from the two wetland types were able to support metamorphosis in larval spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer) and wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) across two years (2014-2015). Responses in metamorphosis rates differed between species and between years. Spring peepers displayed similar metamorphosis rates in the created and natural wetlands in both years of the study. Wood frogs displayed similar metamorphosis rates in created and natural wetlands in 2015, but in 2014 wood frogs reached metamorphosis in less time and at a larger body size in the natural wetlands, suggesting that the wood frogs that developed in the natural wetlands may have higher fitness than those that developed in the created wetlands. Water quality was largely similar between created and natural wetlands, although dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and pH varied between mesocosms and wetlands. Our study suggests that created wetlands may be providing partial mitigation in terms of water quality for amphibian development. We recommend that future monitoring of created wetlands include measures of juvenile amphibian recruitment as well as additional habitat variables to better determine the ability of created wetlands to function as amphibian habitat.展开更多
文摘传统的沉积物孔隙水磷酸盐含量测定方法通常是采用离心法获取沉积物柱芯孔隙水,然后再进行磷酸盐含量测定。这种常规测定方法不仅破坏了沉积物的原本物理化学结构,而且分样间距多为厘米级,无法满足沉积物-水界面磷酸盐的高分辨率分布特征研究和释放通量的高精度估算要求。为克服传统监测技术破坏系统原始状态和分辨率低的弊端,近年来沉积物孔隙水磷酸盐原位监测技术迅猛发展,较为成熟的有透析装置技术(Dialysis peepers)、薄膜扩散平衡技术(Diffusive equilibrium in thin-films technique,DET)和薄膜扩散梯度技术(Diffusive gradients in thin-films technique,DGT)等。本文综述了透析装置技术、薄膜扩散平衡技术和薄膜扩散梯度技术的基本原理和应用实例,对比分析了他们各自的优缺点和发展应用前景。DGT作为一种新型、廉价的原位被动采样技术,具有原位和高分辨率监测的优点,被广泛应用于水体、沉积物和土壤等研究,在获取沉积物孔隙水磷酸盐含量及时空分布特征等方面优势突出。如何延长DGT胶体的使用寿命、提高监测的空间分辨率和实现多元素同步监测是其主要发展方向。大量研究表明,沉积物内源磷释放与沉积物中Fe-S的耦合循环存在密切联系,深入了解湖泊沉积物P-Fe-S的耦合生物地球化学循环过程是揭示湖泊内源磷释放机制的一把钥匙。快速发展的薄膜扩散梯度(DGT)技术及其与DET技术联用无疑为P-Fe-S耦合循环研究提供了有效手段,亟待在不同类型湖泊中应用和完善,为深刻揭示P-Fe-S耦合循环过程与机制提供独特信息。
基金supported by the Jiangsu Water Conservancy Science and Technology Project (No. 2021038)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 41503099, 31972813)the Jiangsu Province Scientific Research Foundation (Nos. CX(20)2026, YDCG-2021–005)。
文摘Different N and P fractions inmicrocosm incubation experiment was measured using highresolution in-situ Peeper and DGT techniques combining with sequential extraction procedure.The results showed the synchronous desorption and release of PO_(4)^(3-),S^(2-)and Fe^(2+)from the solid soil-originated sediment.This trend indicated that the significant reduction of Fe-P and SO_(4)^(2-) occurred in the pore water during the inundation.The concentrations of PO_(4)^(3-) in the overlying water and pore water increased to more than 0.1 and 0.2 mg/L at the beginning of the incubation experiment.Decreased NO_(3)^(-) concentrations from more than 1.5 mg/L to less than 0.5 mg/L combining with increasing NH^(4+) concentrations from less than 1mg/L tomore than 5 mg/L suggested the remarkable NO_(3)-reduction via dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonia(DNRA)pathway over time.High NH^(4+) concentrations in the pore water aggravated the release of Fe^(2+) through reduction of Fe(Ⅲ)-P as electric acceptors under anaerobic conditions.This process further stimulated the remarkable releasing of labile PO_(4)^(3-) from the solid phase to the solution and potential diffusion into overlying water.Additionally,high S^(2-) concentration at deeper layer indicated the reduction and releasing of S^(2-)from oxidation states,which can stimulated the NO_(3)^(-)reduction and the accumulation of NH^(4+)in the pore water.This process can also provoke the reduction of Fe-P as electric acceptors following the release of labile PO_(4)^(3-)into pore water.Generally,inundation potentially facilitate the desorption of labile P and attention should be paid during the reclaiming lake from polder.
文摘Wetlands are often created through wetland mitigation to replace lost natural wetlands, but further evaluation is needed to determine the ability of a created wetland to replace lost wetland functions, especially providing wildlife habitat. We used a mesocosm design to compare the water quality between three created wetlands and three natural wetlands in West Virginia, USA and to evaluate how the water quality from the two wetland types were able to support metamorphosis in larval spring peepers (Pseudacris crucifer) and wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) across two years (2014-2015). Responses in metamorphosis rates differed between species and between years. Spring peepers displayed similar metamorphosis rates in the created and natural wetlands in both years of the study. Wood frogs displayed similar metamorphosis rates in created and natural wetlands in 2015, but in 2014 wood frogs reached metamorphosis in less time and at a larger body size in the natural wetlands, suggesting that the wood frogs that developed in the natural wetlands may have higher fitness than those that developed in the created wetlands. Water quality was largely similar between created and natural wetlands, although dissolved oxygen, conductivity, and pH varied between mesocosms and wetlands. Our study suggests that created wetlands may be providing partial mitigation in terms of water quality for amphibian development. We recommend that future monitoring of created wetlands include measures of juvenile amphibian recruitment as well as additional habitat variables to better determine the ability of created wetlands to function as amphibian habitat.
