The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 plays a vital role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.This study systematically identified and analyzed PR10 genes in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),examinin...The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 plays a vital role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.This study systematically identified and analyzed PR10 genes in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),examining their phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,gene structures,and syntenic relationships.The analysis identified 54 Ah PR10 genes,which were classified into eight groups based on phylogenetic relationships,supported by gene structure and conserved motif characterization.Analysis of chromosomal distribution and synteny demonstrated that segmental duplications played a crucial role in the expansion of the Ah PR10 gene family.The identified Ah PR10 genes exhibited both constitutive and inducible expression patterns.Significantly,Ah PR10-7,Ah PR10-33,and Ah PR10-41 demonstrated potential importance in peanut resistance to Aspergillus flavus.In vitro fungistatic experiments demonstrated that recombinant Ah PR10-33 effectively inhibited A.flavus mycelial growth.These findings provide valuable insights for future investigations into Ah PR10 functions in protecting peanut from A.flavus infection.展开更多
Cultured meat provides a sustainable and safe alternative to traditional meat production by culturing animal cells in vitro.Cultured fat is an important component of cultured meat,contributing to its flavor,texture,an...Cultured meat provides a sustainable and safe alternative to traditional meat production by culturing animal cells in vitro.Cultured fat is an important component of cultured meat,contributing to its flavor,texture,and nutrition.Induced adipogenic differentiation is the most important step in the production of cultured fat,but conventional adipogenic inducer cocktails are complex and contain non-food-grade substances,which introduces a food safety risk for cultured meat products.Here we demonstrated that a food-grade substance,peanut oil(P-OIL),promoted adipogenic differentiation and lipid accumulation of bovine adipose-derived stem cells,based on which a simple and efficient approach was developed to produce cultured bovine fat.Mechanistic analysis showed that P-OIL upregulated genes involved in lipid synthesis and storage,such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y(PPARy),carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2,and lipoprotein lipase,by activating the PPAR signaling pathway during adipogenesis.Notably,the lipid composition of cultured bovine fats generated using P-OIL induction was similar to that of fats obtained from farmed cattle,but free of trans-fatty acids.This study provides valuable insights into the production of safe,healthy,and nutritious cultured fats.展开更多
With the expansion of peanut planting area year by year,film mulching cultivation has become increasingly important in peanut production due to its unique advantages in enhancing both yield per unit area and overall e...With the expansion of peanut planting area year by year,film mulching cultivation has become increasingly important in peanut production due to its unique advantages in enhancing both yield per unit area and overall economic benefits.Based on the varietal characteristics of‘Zhouhua 5’and addressing practical issues in peanut production,this paper summarized key techniques for high-yield and high-efficiency film mulching cultivation of this variety.These techniques cover all critical stages,including land preparation and fertilization,seed preparation,sowing methods,field management,and timely harvesting,providing technical guidance for varietal promotion and peanut production.展开更多
Plant height(PH),primary lateral branch length(PBL),and branch number(BN)are architectural components impacting peanut pod yield,biomass production,and adaptivity to mechanical harvesting.In this study,a recombinant i...Plant height(PH),primary lateral branch length(PBL),and branch number(BN)are architectural components impacting peanut pod yield,biomass production,and adaptivity to mechanical harvesting.In this study,a recombinant inbred population consisting of 181 individual lines was used to determine genetic controls of PH,PBL,and BN across three environments.Phenotypic data collected from the population demonstrated continuous distributions and transgressive segregation patterns.Broad-sense heritability of PH,PBL,and BN was found to be 0.87,0.88,and 0.92,respectively.Unconditional individual environmental analysis revealed 35 additive QTLs with phenotypic variation explained(PVE)ranging from 4.57 to 21.68%.A two-round meta-analysis resulted in 24consensus and 19 unique QTLs.Five unique QTLs exhibited pleiotropic effects and their genetic bases(pleiotropy or tight linkage)were evaluated.A joint analysis was performed to estimate the QTL by environment interaction(QEI)effects on PH,PBL,and BN,collectively explaining phenotypic variations of 10.80,11.02,and 7.89%,respectively.We identified 3 major and stable QTL regions(uq9-3,uq10-2,and uq16-1)on chromosomes 9,10,and 16,spanning1.43-1.53 Mb genomic regions.Candidate genes involved in phytohormones biosynthesis,signaling,and cell wall development were proposed to regulate these morphological traits.These results provide valuable information for further genetic studies and the development of molecular markers applicable to peanut architecture improvement.展开更多
Wild peanut(Arachis)species are promising sources of disease resistance for improving peanut cultivars.The objective of this study was to assess cross-compatibility among cultivated and wild peanuts in crosses between...Wild peanut(Arachis)species are promising sources of disease resistance for improving peanut cultivars.The objective of this study was to assess cross-compatibility among cultivated and wild peanuts in crosses between eight peanut cultivars and 27 wild species carrying the A,B,E,Ex,F,K,P,and H genomes.Embryo culture and chromosome doubling led to polyploids representing hybrids between cultivated peanut and A.stenosperma,A.macedoi,A.duranensis,A.villosa,and A.diogoi.The first two showed greater resistance to bacterial wilt than their cultivated parents.DNA markers were developed for verifying the hybrids and for identifying translocation or introgression lines with alien chromosome fragments.展开更多
Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product quality.However,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across t...Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product quality.However,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across the world remains relatively limited,impeding the comprehensive evaluation of peanut quality and hindering the industry development on a global scale.This study aimed to compare and analyze the apparent morphology,microstructure,single-cell structure,engineering and mechanical properties,as well as major nutrient contents of peanut kernels from 10 different cultivars representing major peanut-producing countries.The surface and cross-section microstructure of the peanut kernels exhibited a dense“blocky”appearance with a distinct cellular structure.The lipid droplets were predominantly spherical with a regular distribution within the cells.The single-cell structure of the kernels from these 10 peanut cultivars demonstrated varying morphologies and dimensions,which exhibited correlations with their mechanical and engineering properties.Furthermore,the mass loss versus temperature profiles of the peanut kernels revealed five distinct stages,corresponding to moisture loss,volatile loss,protein denaturation,and the degradation of various biomacromolecules.Variations were also observed in the lipid,protein,and sucrose contents,texture,bulk density,true density,porosity,geometric mean diameter,and sphericity among the diferent peanut varieties.This study establishes relationships and correlations among microstructure,engineering properties,and nutritional composition of commonly grown peanut varieties in major peanut-processing countries.The findings provide valuable insights into peanut quality evaluation,empowering the peanut industry to enhance their processing and product development efforts.展开更多
Oil bodies(OBs)are the lipid-storage organelle in oilseed,and their interface properties are crucial for oilseed processing.To elucidate the effect of interfacial proteins on the functional properties of high-oleic an...Oil bodies(OBs)are the lipid-storage organelle in oilseed,and their interface properties are crucial for oilseed processing.To elucidate the effect of interfacial proteins on the functional properties of high-oleic and normal peanut OBs,OBs were extracted using ultrasound-assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction(AEE),and the effects of ultrasonic power(100–500 W)and extraction time(0–30 min)on the interface properties were investigated.These results indicate that the interfacial protein content and interface properties of OBs can be significantly affected by ultrasonic treatment.The interfacial protein content of high-oleic peanut OBs increased from 88.25%to 91.95%after ultrasonic treatment,which was 1.4 times that of normal peanuts OBs.The emulsifying activity index(EAI)and emulsion stability index(ESI)values of both peanut OBs increased with the increase in ultrasonic power and extraction time.These results suggest that the emulsification ability of OBs may be closely related to the interfacial protein content and therefore can be regulated by altering the interfacial protein content using ultrasonic treatment.However,the particle size of OBs tends to increase under low ultrasonic power(0–200 W)owing to the increase in the interfacial protein content and aggregation effects,whereas it decreases under high ultrasonic power(300 W–500 W)due to cavitation effects.This pattern of change in particle size was also confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy,which indicated that high ultrasonic power suppressed the contribution of the interfacial protein content to the particle size,but still improved the emulsification ability of the OBs by reducing the particle size and increasing the interfacial tension.Therefore,regulating the interfacial protein content of peanut OBs by adjusting ultrasonic power is a promising way to improve their functional properties.展开更多
Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)bacterial wilt(BW)is a devastating soil-borne disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum(RS)that poses a significant threat to peanut yield and quality.Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(N...Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)bacterial wilt(BW)is a devastating soil-borne disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum(RS)that poses a significant threat to peanut yield and quality.Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NBS-LRR)proteins are a class of plant-specific immune receptors that recognize pathogen-secreted effector molecules and activate immune responses to resist pathogen infections.However,the precise functions of AhCN genes(where CN is a class of nucleotide-binding site,leucine-rich repeat receptor(NLR)genes that lack LRR structural domains)in peanut plants are not fully understood.In this study,a total of 150 AhCN genes were identified and classified into nine subfamilies based on a systematic phylogenetic analysis.The AhCN genes showed highly conserved structural features,and the promoter cis-elements indicated involvement in plant hormone signaling and defense responses.After inoculation with RS,the highly resistant peanut variety‘H108’significantly outperformed the susceptible variety‘H107’based on physiological indicators such as plant height,main stem diameter,and fresh weight,likely due to the inhibition of bacterial proliferation and diffusion in the stem vascular bundle.AhCN34 was found to be significantly upregulated in‘H108’compared to‘H107’during plant infection and in response to treatments with each of three plant hormones.Importantly,AhCN34 overexpression in peanut leaves enhanced their resistance to BW.These findings demonstrate the great potential of AhCN34 for applications in peanut resistance breeding.Our identification and characterization of the AhCN genes provide insights into the mechanisms underlying BW resistance in peanut and can inform future research into genetic methods of improving BW resistance in peanut.展开更多
Peanuts are widely produced and commonly eaten in China.They grow well in warm climates with moderate rainfall and sandy soil,and they have a relatively long growing season.In China,the main peanut-producing areas are...Peanuts are widely produced and commonly eaten in China.They grow well in warm climates with moderate rainfall and sandy soil,and they have a relatively long growing season.In China,the main peanut-producing areas are Henan,Shandong,and Hebei provinces.From planting to harvest,peanuts go through five main stages.展开更多
Vitamin E is an essential micronutrient that is abundant in peanut seeds.However,the absence of a rapid and reliable method for determining its content has impeded advancements in peanut quality improvement.In this st...Vitamin E is an essential micronutrient that is abundant in peanut seeds.However,the absence of a rapid and reliable method for determining its content has impeded advancements in peanut quality improvement.In this study,we developed an efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography variable wavelength detector(UPLCvwd)method for quantifying vitamin E content in peanut seeds,capable of detecting four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.Compared to traditional methods,this approach is simpler,more efficient,and highly accurate.By comparing two sample preparation techniques,it was found that slicing better reflects the true vitamin E content than grinding,as it minimizes losses caused by mechanical pressure.The method demonstrated robust stability and accuracy in both repeatability tests and spiked recovery tests,showing no significant differences compared to the national standard method.The study revealed that the cotyledons of peanuts are the primary storage site for vitamin E,being rich inγ-andα-tocopherols,which together account for over 90% of the total vitamin E content.In contrast,the vitamin E content in the seed coat is considerably lower.Therefore,the optimized detection method minimizes seed coat interference during sample preparation,ensuring the accuracy of the results.In summary,the UPLC-vwd method developed in this study is a promising tool for determining vitamin E content and supports the improvement of peanut quality.展开更多
Peanut is a globally significant oil crop and economic resource,notable for its kernel containing over 50%oil content.White testa peanuts are highly valued for their superior nutritional profile,minimal pigmentation,a...Peanut is a globally significant oil crop and economic resource,notable for its kernel containing over 50%oil content.White testa peanuts are highly valued for their superior nutritional profile,minimal pigmentation,and superior oil clarity.Identification of genes controlling white testa color is crucial for advancing breeding programs and understanding the genetic mechanisms involved.A genetic mapping study was performed in peanut to identify genes controlling white testa color,a trait associated with desirable end-use quality traits in this oilseed crop.In an F_(2)population generated from a cross of a white-testa with a pink-testa cultivar,two recessive quantitative-trait loci controlling white testa were identified and finemapped to A02 and B02 chromosomes.Two homologous genes,Arahy.MP3D3D and Arahy.26781N,encoding bHLH transcriptional factors,were identified as candidates for the two loci.Reduced expression of these two genes likely suppresses anthocyanin biosynthesis.展开更多
Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins generally accumulate in seeds during the later stages of maturation.Here we studied the LEA genes in two wild peanut species (Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis) in an e...Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins generally accumulate in seeds during the later stages of maturation.Here we studied the LEA genes in two wild peanut species (Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis) in an effort to create a genetic resource for peanut crop improvement.we identified 65 AdLEA and 69 AiLEA genes representing all 8 LEA subfamilies,which were unevenly distributed across 10 peanut chromosomes.The majority of LEA proteins were found to be highly hydrophilic.MEME analysis indicated that LEA gene motifs were conserved within groups,but not between groups.The LEA genes contained a diverse array of stress-and phytohormoneresponsive cis-acting elements,with the AdLEA2-20 and AiLEA2-20 genes containing the greatest number of elements.Both AdLEA2-20 and AiLEA2-20 were upregulated in response to cold temperatures,drought,salinity,and abscisic acid exposure,although the dynamics were tissue-dependent.This study lays the foundation for future studies on the LEA gene family and abiotic stress in peanut,and our results will be invaluable for the genetic improvement of peanut by characterizing the genetic resources of wild peanut species.展开更多
Peanuts are important oilseed legume crops that are susceptible to contamination by Aspergillus flavus in soil,leading to serious economic losses.Previously,our research team developed the Aspergillus-Rihizobia coupli...Peanuts are important oilseed legume crops that are susceptible to contamination by Aspergillus flavus in soil,leading to serious economic losses.Previously,our research team developed the Aspergillus-Rihizobia coupling(ARC)microbial inoculants and found it can reduce A.flavus abundance in the soil and promote efficient nodulation in peanuts.However,the impact of ARC microbial inoculants on different resistant varieties of A.flavus remains unclear.In this study,we screened peanut varieties that were resistant and susceptible to A.flavus and evaluated their nodulation ability and growth performance after ARC microbial inoculants treatment in the field.The results demonstrated that the nodule number and nitrogenase activity of both varieties significantly increased after ARC microbial inoculants treatment,with the highly susceptible variety AH24 showing a greater increase.For photosynthetic parameters,both varieties also increased after ARC microbial inoculants treatment,but the increase was greater in the moderately resistant variety AH1 than in the highly susceptible variety AH24.Finally,we found that the yield and yield-related traits of the moderately resistant variety AH1 were better than those of the highly susceptible variety AH24.After ARC microbial inoculants treatment,the yield traits of both peanut varieties still increased significantly,but the degree of increase of the moderately resistant variety AH1 was smaller than that of the highly susceptible variety AH24.In addition,the abundance of A.flavus in the rhizosphere soil of the two varieties significantly decreased after ARC microbial inoculants treatment,with no significant difference between the varieties.These results indicated that ARC microbial inoculants exert differential effects on the nodulation and growth of different resistant peanut varieties and have a better effect on highly susceptible varieties.These results provide a solid theoretical basis for the efficient use of ARC microbial inoculants in the field of peanuts in the future.展开更多
Peanut kernels rich in oil,particularly those with oleic acid as their primary fatty acid,are in high demand among consumers,the food industry,and farmers due to their superior nutritional content,extended shelf life,...Peanut kernels rich in oil,particularly those with oleic acid as their primary fatty acid,are in high demand among consumers,the food industry,and farmers due to their superior nutritional content,extended shelf life,and health benefits.The oil content and fatty acid composition are governed by multiple genetic factors.Identifying the quantitative trait loci(QTLs)related to these attributes will facilitate marker-assisted selection and genomic selection,thus enhancing quality-focused peanut breeding programs.For this purpose,we developed a population of 521 recombinant inbred lines(RILs)and tested their kernel quality traits across five different environments.We identified two major and stable QTLs for oil content,qOCAh12.1 and qOCAh16.1.The markers linked to these QTLs were designed by Kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)and subsequently validated.Moreover,we found that the superior haplotype of oil content in the qOCAh16.1 region was conserved within the plant introduction(PI)germplasm cluster,as evidenced by a diverse peanut accession panel.In addition,we determined that qAh09 and qAh19.1,which harbor the key gene encoding fatty acid desaturase 2(FAD2),influence all seven fatty acids,palmitic,stearic,oleic,linoleic,arachidic,gadoleic,and behenic acids.Regarding the protein content and the long-chain saturated fatty acid behenic acid,qAh07 emerged as the major and stable QTL,accounting for over 10%of the phenotypic variation explained(PVE).These findings can enhance marker-assisted selection in peanut breeding,with the aim of improving the oil content,and deepen our understanding of the genetic mechanisms that shape fatty acid composition.展开更多
Phytohormones play a crucial role in regulating peanut growth and development.Our previous studies have demonstrated that the microbial inoculant ARC-BBBE,developed by our research group,effectively promotes peanut gr...Phytohormones play a crucial role in regulating peanut growth and development.Our previous studies have demonstrated that the microbial inoculant ARC-BBBE,developed by our research group,effectively promotes peanut growth and enhances yield under both greenhouse and field conditions.Therefore,it is of significant interest to investigate how ARC-BBBE influences the levels and spatial distribution of major phytohormones in peanut roots.Greenhouse pot experiments revealed that ARC-BBBE significantly enhanced peanut growth and root system development.A systematic analysis of the effects of ARC-BBBE on key phytohormones in peanut roots across different growth stages showed that gibberellin A_(3)(GA_(3))content varied markedly,with predominant accumulation occurring during the early growth stage,whereas changes in indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)levels were not statistically significant.Specifically,GA_(3)content in the ARC-BBBE treatment group was 1.27-fold higher than in the control group during the seedling stage.Furthermore,peanut growth parameters were significantly improved following ARC-BBBE application,particularly at the flowering stage,where plant height,above-ground biomass,root length,and root weight in the treated group were 1.24-,1.17-,1.13-,and 1.21-fold greater than those in the control,respectively.To elucidate the functional role of phytohormones in ARC-BBBE-mediated growth promotion,we examined the effects of exogenous GA_(3)and its biosynthesis inhibitor uniconazole(S3307)on both PHNZY-23-3 rhizobial growth and peanut development.Results indicated that supplementation with 1×10~3 mg/L GA_(3)most effectively promoted peanut growth at the seedling stage,while S3307 application inhibited growth.These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanism by which ARC-BBBE modulates GA_(3)dynamics to enhance peanut growth,offering a foundation for future research on plant-microbe interactions and phytohormone regulation.展开更多
Bacterial wilt(BW)caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a wide-spread and serious disease in peanut.To date,this soilborne disease could only be effectively controlled by planting resistant peanut cultivars.However,the ...Bacterial wilt(BW)caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a wide-spread and serious disease in peanut.To date,this soilborne disease could only be effectively controlled by planting resistant peanut cultivars.However,the relatively lower yield potential of the available BW-resistant peanut cultivars is a key reason restricting productivity in most epidemic regions naturally infested with the pathogen.Even small pods or seeds and low number per plant has been regarded as the key factor for the low yield potential both in BW-resistant peanut germplasm lines and available released cultivars,whether the resistance is closely linked with key yield components remains unclear.In this study,the relationship between pod weight and BW resistance was analyzed by using a recombinant inbred lines(RIL)population derived from a crossing combination between a high yielding cultivar Xuhua 13 and a BW-resistant cultivar Zhonghua 6.From the experiments,it was found that the BW resistance was not significantly correlated with pod number per plant(PNP),hundred pod weight(HPW)and pod weight per plant(PWP)in the RIL population.Based on linkage analysis,the quantitative trait locus(QTL)s related to PNP were identified on A06,A07,A08 and B03.The QTLs for HPW were detected on A05 and A07,and the QTLs for PWP were on A06,A07 and B03.However,the QTL for BW resistance identified on B02.These results indicated that the BW resistance and the pod number per plant as well as pod weight were inherited independently.Two recombined lines(QT0944 and QT1028)with high level BW resistance and large pods(hundred pod weight over 185g)were identified from the RILs,and they possessed the favored alleles of identified QTLs from both parents,which could be used in peanut breeding for high yield and high level disease resistance.展开更多
How to reduce peanut allergies has always been a main food safety concern.Plant polyphenol complex peanut sensitizing protein was proposed as a new desensitization strategy.Gallic acid(GA),as a natural plant polypheno...How to reduce peanut allergies has always been a main food safety concern.Plant polyphenol complex peanut sensitizing protein was proposed as a new desensitization strategy.Gallic acid(GA),as a natural plant polyphenol,has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GA on peanut protein(PP)sensitization under high moisture extrusion conditions.The contents of free sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds in the PP-GA complex were determined,and the structure of the complex was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that with increasing GA content,the number of free sulfhydryl groups increased while the number of disulfide bonds decreased.The secondary structure of PP-GA showed that the random coils andβ-turns were transformed toα-helices andβ-sheets.A BALB/c mouse model was also established,wherein Al(OH)3 was used as an adjuvant when the complex was administered via intraperitoneal injection,and the mice showed mild allergic symptoms and a decreased immune organ index.In addition,the serum levels of specific antibodies(immunoglobulin E(IgE),immunoglobulin G1(IgG1),and immunoglobulin G2a(IgG2a)),cytokines(interleukin-5(IL-5),interleukin 13(IL-13),and interferon gamma(IFN-γ))and histamine were reduced.In summary,this study proved that GA can relieve the sensitization of PP induced by high moisture extrusion.展开更多
Stem rot caused by Agroathelia rolfsii(syn. Sclerotium rolfsii) is one of the major biotic constraints to peanut production in many countries, particularly under high temperature and humidity conditions. Developing di...Stem rot caused by Agroathelia rolfsii(syn. Sclerotium rolfsii) is one of the major biotic constraints to peanut production in many countries, particularly under high temperature and humidity conditions. Developing disease-resistant cultivars represents a more sustainable strategy. To generate peanut germplasm integrating stem rot resistance and elite yield traits, this study utilized a recombinant inbred line(RIL) population, consisting of 242lines, derived from a cross between Zhonghua212(medium-seeded, resistant parent), and Zhonghua21(large-seeded, susceptible parent). A multi-environment evaluation was conducted for disease resistance profiling in the fields with artificial inoculation, and for yield-related traits assessment. The results indicated that twenty-two RIL lines exhibited consistent moderate resistance across all tested locations. Fifty RILs consistently expressed large pod(100-pod weight >180 g) and large seed(100-seed weight >80 g) phenotypes in two environments. Three elite RIL lines(BJF66, BJF119 and BJF137) combined moderate resistance with superior pod/seed traits,providing valuable genetic sources for breeding programs targeting both disease resistance and productivity. This study established a foundational germplasm pool for advancing stem rot resistant, high-yielding peanut varieties,aligning with sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate A. rolfsii threats.展开更多
Peanut is a globally important leguminous crop and one of the most important oil crops.In response to the growing demand for high-quality peanut oil,advancements in processing technologies have led to significant impr...Peanut is a globally important leguminous crop and one of the most important oil crops.In response to the growing demand for high-quality peanut oil,advancements in processing technologies have led to significant improvements in oil quality.However,ensuring consistent quality remains a complex and ongoing challenge due to the multifaceted factors influencing peanut oil’s properties.This review synthesizes key scientific studies addressing these factors and explores the associated risks to oil quality and safety.Special attention is given to harmful contaminants such as aflatoxin B1(AFB1),3-chloro-1,2-propanediol esters(3-MCPDE),Benzo[a]pyrene(BaP),and trans-fatty acids(TFAs),which pose significant health risks and quality concerns.The review critically examines current detection methods for these contaminants and evaluates innovative removal strategies,such as biodegradation,physical refining,chemical treatments,and advanced adsorption techniques.Moreover,insights into the effects of raw material quality,processing conditions,and storage on oil quality were discussed.In conclusion,the review underscores the importance of adopting integrated approaches to control harmful substances while optimizing processing parameters to enhance peanut oil quality.These findings aim to guide researchers and industry practitioners in improving production practices,minimizing health risks,and providing safer and higher-quality peanut oil products for consumers.展开更多
The peanut farming system plays a crucial role in the development of the agricultural industry. Traditionally, peanuts are sown as shelled seeds;however, systematic research on the agronomic performance and yield pote...The peanut farming system plays a crucial role in the development of the agricultural industry. Traditionally, peanuts are sown as shelled seeds;however, systematic research on the agronomic performance and yield potential of planting with shells remains limited. In this study, we present a novel approach—peanut sowing with shells(P-S-S)—that promotes plant growth, enhances root development, and increases yield. This method also improves seed quality and elevates protein and oil content. Field trials conducted in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and northeastern China demonstrate the technique's broad adaptability, resulting in an average yield increase of 12.9%, with gains reaching up to 41% in northeastern areas, even under a 20% reduction in seeding rate. We have refined a standardized planting protocol for P-S-S based on the principle of “Two Reductions and Two Increases”: reduced input costs and post-harvest losses, along with increased production and economic benefits. This innovation contributes significantly to the advancement of peanut cultivation practices in China.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1200400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301851)。
文摘The pathogenesis-related protein PR10 plays a vital role in plant growth,development,and stress responses.This study systematically identified and analyzed PR10 genes in cultivated peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),examining their phylogenetic relationships,conserved motifs,gene structures,and syntenic relationships.The analysis identified 54 Ah PR10 genes,which were classified into eight groups based on phylogenetic relationships,supported by gene structure and conserved motif characterization.Analysis of chromosomal distribution and synteny demonstrated that segmental duplications played a crucial role in the expansion of the Ah PR10 gene family.The identified Ah PR10 genes exhibited both constitutive and inducible expression patterns.Significantly,Ah PR10-7,Ah PR10-33,and Ah PR10-41 demonstrated potential importance in peanut resistance to Aspergillus flavus.In vitro fungistatic experiments demonstrated that recombinant Ah PR10-33 effectively inhibited A.flavus mycelial growth.These findings provide valuable insights for future investigations into Ah PR10 functions in protecting peanut from A.flavus infection.
基金funded by the Agricultural Science and Technology Major Projectthe Starry Night Science Fund of Zhejiang University Shanghai Institute for Advanced Study(SN-ZJU-SIAS-0013)the Jiangsu Basic Research Center for Synthetic Biology(BK20233003)。
文摘Cultured meat provides a sustainable and safe alternative to traditional meat production by culturing animal cells in vitro.Cultured fat is an important component of cultured meat,contributing to its flavor,texture,and nutrition.Induced adipogenic differentiation is the most important step in the production of cultured fat,but conventional adipogenic inducer cocktails are complex and contain non-food-grade substances,which introduces a food safety risk for cultured meat products.Here we demonstrated that a food-grade substance,peanut oil(P-OIL),promoted adipogenic differentiation and lipid accumulation of bovine adipose-derived stem cells,based on which a simple and efficient approach was developed to produce cultured bovine fat.Mechanistic analysis showed that P-OIL upregulated genes involved in lipid synthesis and storage,such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y(PPARy),carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2,and lipoprotein lipase,by activating the PPAR signaling pathway during adipogenesis.Notably,the lipid composition of cultured bovine fats generated using P-OIL induction was similar to that of fats obtained from farmed cattle,but free of trans-fatty acids.This study provides valuable insights into the production of safe,healthy,and nutritious cultured fats.
基金Supported by Zhoukou Key Science and Technology Research Project(20200816).
文摘With the expansion of peanut planting area year by year,film mulching cultivation has become increasingly important in peanut production due to its unique advantages in enhancing both yield per unit area and overall economic benefits.Based on the varietal characteristics of‘Zhouhua 5’and addressing practical issues in peanut production,this paper summarized key techniques for high-yield and high-efficiency film mulching cultivation of this variety.These techniques cover all critical stages,including land preparation and fertilization,seed preparation,sowing methods,field management,and timely harvesting,providing technical guidance for varietal promotion and peanut production.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(ZR2022MC045)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32001584,32201876)+2 种基金the Major Science and Technology Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(2022A02008-3)the Breeding Project from Department of Science&Technology of Shandong Province,China(2022LZGC007)the Agricultural Scientific and the Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(CXGC2023A06,CXGC2023A39 and CXGC2023A46),and the Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Cultivation Program of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(CXGC2025E02)。
文摘Plant height(PH),primary lateral branch length(PBL),and branch number(BN)are architectural components impacting peanut pod yield,biomass production,and adaptivity to mechanical harvesting.In this study,a recombinant inbred population consisting of 181 individual lines was used to determine genetic controls of PH,PBL,and BN across three environments.Phenotypic data collected from the population demonstrated continuous distributions and transgressive segregation patterns.Broad-sense heritability of PH,PBL,and BN was found to be 0.87,0.88,and 0.92,respectively.Unconditional individual environmental analysis revealed 35 additive QTLs with phenotypic variation explained(PVE)ranging from 4.57 to 21.68%.A two-round meta-analysis resulted in 24consensus and 19 unique QTLs.Five unique QTLs exhibited pleiotropic effects and their genetic bases(pleiotropy or tight linkage)were evaluated.A joint analysis was performed to estimate the QTL by environment interaction(QEI)effects on PH,PBL,and BN,collectively explaining phenotypic variations of 10.80,11.02,and 7.89%,respectively.We identified 3 major and stable QTL regions(uq9-3,uq10-2,and uq16-1)on chromosomes 9,10,and 16,spanning1.43-1.53 Mb genomic regions.Candidate genes involved in phytohormones biosynthesis,signaling,and cell wall development were proposed to regulate these morphological traits.These results provide valuable information for further genetic studies and the development of molecular markers applicable to peanut architecture improvement.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32272153)Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Joint Fund(232301420025)+4 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200200)the Key Research Project of the Shennong Laboratory(SN01-2022-03)Independent Innovation Foundation of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2024ZC024)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-13)Henan Provincial Agriculture Research System(S2012-5).
文摘Wild peanut(Arachis)species are promising sources of disease resistance for improving peanut cultivars.The objective of this study was to assess cross-compatibility among cultivated and wild peanuts in crosses between eight peanut cultivars and 27 wild species carrying the A,B,E,Ex,F,K,P,and H genomes.Embryo culture and chromosome doubling led to polyploids representing hybrids between cultivated peanut and A.stenosperma,A.macedoi,A.duranensis,A.villosa,and A.diogoi.The first two showed greater resistance to bacterial wilt than their cultivated parents.DNA markers were developed for verifying the hybrids and for identifying translocation or introgression lines with alien chromosome fragments.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100400,2023YFE0104900)Xinjiang Agriculture Research System-Oil Crop Research System,China(XJARS-05)+3 种基金Taishan Industrial Experts Programme,China(tscx202306075)the Scientific and Technological Assistance Projects to Developing Countries,China(KY202201003)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,Institute of Food Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-2024-IFST)The authors are grateful for the financial support from the Arawana Charity Foundation,China.
文摘Peanut varieties are diverse globally,with their characters and nutrition determining the product quality.However,the comparative analysis and statistical analysis of key quality indicators for peanut kernels across the world remains relatively limited,impeding the comprehensive evaluation of peanut quality and hindering the industry development on a global scale.This study aimed to compare and analyze the apparent morphology,microstructure,single-cell structure,engineering and mechanical properties,as well as major nutrient contents of peanut kernels from 10 different cultivars representing major peanut-producing countries.The surface and cross-section microstructure of the peanut kernels exhibited a dense“blocky”appearance with a distinct cellular structure.The lipid droplets were predominantly spherical with a regular distribution within the cells.The single-cell structure of the kernels from these 10 peanut cultivars demonstrated varying morphologies and dimensions,which exhibited correlations with their mechanical and engineering properties.Furthermore,the mass loss versus temperature profiles of the peanut kernels revealed five distinct stages,corresponding to moisture loss,volatile loss,protein denaturation,and the degradation of various biomacromolecules.Variations were also observed in the lipid,protein,and sucrose contents,texture,bulk density,true density,porosity,geometric mean diameter,and sphericity among the diferent peanut varieties.This study establishes relationships and correlations among microstructure,engineering properties,and nutritional composition of commonly grown peanut varieties in major peanut-processing countries.The findings provide valuable insights into peanut quality evaluation,empowering the peanut industry to enhance their processing and product development efforts.
基金supported Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Province(2023CXGC010707)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2022MC172 and ZR2024MC114)+1 种基金Shandong Province Rural Revitalization Science and Technology Innovation Enhancement Action Plan(Grant No.2023TZXD043 and 2023TZXD069)Scientific Research Foundation for High-Level Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University(663/1120085 and 663/1120084).
文摘Oil bodies(OBs)are the lipid-storage organelle in oilseed,and their interface properties are crucial for oilseed processing.To elucidate the effect of interfacial proteins on the functional properties of high-oleic and normal peanut OBs,OBs were extracted using ultrasound-assisted aqueous enzymatic extraction(AEE),and the effects of ultrasonic power(100–500 W)and extraction time(0–30 min)on the interface properties were investigated.These results indicate that the interfacial protein content and interface properties of OBs can be significantly affected by ultrasonic treatment.The interfacial protein content of high-oleic peanut OBs increased from 88.25%to 91.95%after ultrasonic treatment,which was 1.4 times that of normal peanuts OBs.The emulsifying activity index(EAI)and emulsion stability index(ESI)values of both peanut OBs increased with the increase in ultrasonic power and extraction time.These results suggest that the emulsification ability of OBs may be closely related to the interfacial protein content and therefore can be regulated by altering the interfacial protein content using ultrasonic treatment.However,the particle size of OBs tends to increase under low ultrasonic power(0–200 W)owing to the increase in the interfacial protein content and aggregation effects,whereas it decreases under high ultrasonic power(300 W–500 W)due to cavitation effects.This pattern of change in particle size was also confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy,which indicated that high ultrasonic power suppressed the contribution of the interfacial protein content to the particle size,but still improved the emulsification ability of the OBs by reducing the particle size and increasing the interfacial tension.Therefore,regulating the interfacial protein content of peanut OBs by adjusting ultrasonic power is a promising way to improve their functional properties.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)-Henan United Fund(U22A20475 and U1704232)the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province,China(221111110500,161100111000,and HARS-22-05-G1)+2 种基金the Innovation Scientists and Technicians Troop Construction Projects of Henan Province,China(2018JR0001)the Henan Agricultural University High Level Talent Special Support Fund,China(30501418)the Key Scientific Research Project in Colleges and Universities of Henan Province,China(21A210018).
文摘Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)bacterial wilt(BW)is a devastating soil-borne disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum(RS)that poses a significant threat to peanut yield and quality.Nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat(NBS-LRR)proteins are a class of plant-specific immune receptors that recognize pathogen-secreted effector molecules and activate immune responses to resist pathogen infections.However,the precise functions of AhCN genes(where CN is a class of nucleotide-binding site,leucine-rich repeat receptor(NLR)genes that lack LRR structural domains)in peanut plants are not fully understood.In this study,a total of 150 AhCN genes were identified and classified into nine subfamilies based on a systematic phylogenetic analysis.The AhCN genes showed highly conserved structural features,and the promoter cis-elements indicated involvement in plant hormone signaling and defense responses.After inoculation with RS,the highly resistant peanut variety‘H108’significantly outperformed the susceptible variety‘H107’based on physiological indicators such as plant height,main stem diameter,and fresh weight,likely due to the inhibition of bacterial proliferation and diffusion in the stem vascular bundle.AhCN34 was found to be significantly upregulated in‘H108’compared to‘H107’during plant infection and in response to treatments with each of three plant hormones.Importantly,AhCN34 overexpression in peanut leaves enhanced their resistance to BW.These findings demonstrate the great potential of AhCN34 for applications in peanut resistance breeding.Our identification and characterization of the AhCN genes provide insights into the mechanisms underlying BW resistance in peanut and can inform future research into genetic methods of improving BW resistance in peanut.
文摘Peanuts are widely produced and commonly eaten in China.They grow well in warm climates with moderate rainfall and sandy soil,and they have a relatively long growing season.In China,the main peanut-producing areas are Henan,Shandong,and Hebei provinces.From planting to harvest,peanuts go through five main stages.
基金supported by the project of the development for highquality seed industry of Hubei province(HBZY2023B003)the Key Area Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2021BBA077)the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program.
文摘Vitamin E is an essential micronutrient that is abundant in peanut seeds.However,the absence of a rapid and reliable method for determining its content has impeded advancements in peanut quality improvement.In this study,we developed an efficient ultra-performance liquid chromatography variable wavelength detector(UPLCvwd)method for quantifying vitamin E content in peanut seeds,capable of detecting four tocopherols and four tocotrienols.Compared to traditional methods,this approach is simpler,more efficient,and highly accurate.By comparing two sample preparation techniques,it was found that slicing better reflects the true vitamin E content than grinding,as it minimizes losses caused by mechanical pressure.The method demonstrated robust stability and accuracy in both repeatability tests and spiked recovery tests,showing no significant differences compared to the national standard method.The study revealed that the cotyledons of peanuts are the primary storage site for vitamin E,being rich inγ-andα-tocopherols,which together account for over 90% of the total vitamin E content.In contrast,the vitamin E content in the seed coat is considerably lower.Therefore,the optimized detection method minimizes seed coat interference during sample preparation,ensuring the accuracy of the results.In summary,the UPLC-vwd method developed in this study is a promising tool for determining vitamin E content and supports the improvement of peanut quality.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFD1200400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472041)+2 种基金the Project of the Development for High-quality Seed Industry of Hubei Province(HBZY2023B003)Key Research and Development Program of Hubei Province(2021BBA077)Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2024-2060299-089-031)。
文摘Peanut is a globally significant oil crop and economic resource,notable for its kernel containing over 50%oil content.White testa peanuts are highly valued for their superior nutritional profile,minimal pigmentation,and superior oil clarity.Identification of genes controlling white testa color is crucial for advancing breeding programs and understanding the genetic mechanisms involved.A genetic mapping study was performed in peanut to identify genes controlling white testa color,a trait associated with desirable end-use quality traits in this oilseed crop.In an F_(2)population generated from a cross of a white-testa with a pink-testa cultivar,two recessive quantitative-trait loci controlling white testa were identified and finemapped to A02 and B02 chromosomes.Two homologous genes,Arahy.MP3D3D and Arahy.26781N,encoding bHLH transcriptional factors,were identified as candidates for the two loci.Reduced expression of these two genes likely suppresses anthocyanin biosynthesis.
基金supported by the Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship (S202110580053,202410580011)the Zhaoqing University Project (190060,QN202329)Science and Technology Program of Zhaoqing (2023040308001)。
文摘Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins generally accumulate in seeds during the later stages of maturation.Here we studied the LEA genes in two wild peanut species (Arachis duranensis and Arachis ipaensis) in an effort to create a genetic resource for peanut crop improvement.we identified 65 AdLEA and 69 AiLEA genes representing all 8 LEA subfamilies,which were unevenly distributed across 10 peanut chromosomes.The majority of LEA proteins were found to be highly hydrophilic.MEME analysis indicated that LEA gene motifs were conserved within groups,but not between groups.The LEA genes contained a diverse array of stress-and phytohormoneresponsive cis-acting elements,with the AdLEA2-20 and AiLEA2-20 genes containing the greatest number of elements.Both AdLEA2-20 and AiLEA2-20 were upregulated in response to cold temperatures,drought,salinity,and abscisic acid exposure,although the dynamics were tissue-dependent.This study lays the foundation for future studies on the LEA gene family and abiotic stress in peanut,and our results will be invaluable for the genetic improvement of peanut by characterizing the genetic resources of wild peanut species.
基金supported by the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(CAAS-ZDRW202416)the Foundation of Hubei Hongshan Laboratory(2021hszd015)+1 种基金the Science and Technology Major Projects of Hubei Province(2023BBA002)the Knowledge Innovation Program of Wuhan-Basi Research(2023020201010126)。
文摘Peanuts are important oilseed legume crops that are susceptible to contamination by Aspergillus flavus in soil,leading to serious economic losses.Previously,our research team developed the Aspergillus-Rihizobia coupling(ARC)microbial inoculants and found it can reduce A.flavus abundance in the soil and promote efficient nodulation in peanuts.However,the impact of ARC microbial inoculants on different resistant varieties of A.flavus remains unclear.In this study,we screened peanut varieties that were resistant and susceptible to A.flavus and evaluated their nodulation ability and growth performance after ARC microbial inoculants treatment in the field.The results demonstrated that the nodule number and nitrogenase activity of both varieties significantly increased after ARC microbial inoculants treatment,with the highly susceptible variety AH24 showing a greater increase.For photosynthetic parameters,both varieties also increased after ARC microbial inoculants treatment,but the increase was greater in the moderately resistant variety AH1 than in the highly susceptible variety AH24.Finally,we found that the yield and yield-related traits of the moderately resistant variety AH1 were better than those of the highly susceptible variety AH24.After ARC microbial inoculants treatment,the yield traits of both peanut varieties still increased significantly,but the degree of increase of the moderately resistant variety AH1 was smaller than that of the highly susceptible variety AH24.In addition,the abundance of A.flavus in the rhizosphere soil of the two varieties significantly decreased after ARC microbial inoculants treatment,with no significant difference between the varieties.These results indicated that ARC microbial inoculants exert differential effects on the nodulation and growth of different resistant peanut varieties and have a better effect on highly susceptible varieties.These results provide a solid theoretical basis for the efficient use of ARC microbial inoculants in the field of peanuts in the future.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFD1200400)the earmarked fund for CARS-13,the Major Science and Technology Projects of Henan Province,China(221100110300)the Henan Provincial R&D Program of Interregional Cooperation for Local Scientific and Technological Development Guided by Central Government,China(YDZX20214100004191)。
文摘Peanut kernels rich in oil,particularly those with oleic acid as their primary fatty acid,are in high demand among consumers,the food industry,and farmers due to their superior nutritional content,extended shelf life,and health benefits.The oil content and fatty acid composition are governed by multiple genetic factors.Identifying the quantitative trait loci(QTLs)related to these attributes will facilitate marker-assisted selection and genomic selection,thus enhancing quality-focused peanut breeding programs.For this purpose,we developed a population of 521 recombinant inbred lines(RILs)and tested their kernel quality traits across five different environments.We identified two major and stable QTLs for oil content,qOCAh12.1 and qOCAh16.1.The markers linked to these QTLs were designed by Kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)and subsequently validated.Moreover,we found that the superior haplotype of oil content in the qOCAh16.1 region was conserved within the plant introduction(PI)germplasm cluster,as evidenced by a diverse peanut accession panel.In addition,we determined that qAh09 and qAh19.1,which harbor the key gene encoding fatty acid desaturase 2(FAD2),influence all seven fatty acids,palmitic,stearic,oleic,linoleic,arachidic,gadoleic,and behenic acids.Regarding the protein content and the long-chain saturated fatty acid behenic acid,qAh07 emerged as the major and stable QTL,accounting for over 10%of the phenotypic variation explained(PVE).These findings can enhance marker-assisted selection in peanut breeding,with the aim of improving the oil content,and deepen our understanding of the genetic mechanisms that shape fatty acid composition.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32441047,32272447)Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(No.2022C FA 107)Central Publicinterest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund for CAAS(No.1610172023001)。
文摘Phytohormones play a crucial role in regulating peanut growth and development.Our previous studies have demonstrated that the microbial inoculant ARC-BBBE,developed by our research group,effectively promotes peanut growth and enhances yield under both greenhouse and field conditions.Therefore,it is of significant interest to investigate how ARC-BBBE influences the levels and spatial distribution of major phytohormones in peanut roots.Greenhouse pot experiments revealed that ARC-BBBE significantly enhanced peanut growth and root system development.A systematic analysis of the effects of ARC-BBBE on key phytohormones in peanut roots across different growth stages showed that gibberellin A_(3)(GA_(3))content varied markedly,with predominant accumulation occurring during the early growth stage,whereas changes in indole-3-acetic acid(IAA)levels were not statistically significant.Specifically,GA_(3)content in the ARC-BBBE treatment group was 1.27-fold higher than in the control group during the seedling stage.Furthermore,peanut growth parameters were significantly improved following ARC-BBBE application,particularly at the flowering stage,where plant height,above-ground biomass,root length,and root weight in the treated group were 1.24-,1.17-,1.13-,and 1.21-fold greater than those in the control,respectively.To elucidate the functional role of phytohormones in ARC-BBBE-mediated growth promotion,we examined the effects of exogenous GA_(3)and its biosynthesis inhibitor uniconazole(S3307)on both PHNZY-23-3 rhizobial growth and peanut development.Results indicated that supplementation with 1×10~3 mg/L GA_(3)most effectively promoted peanut growth at the seedling stage,while S3307 application inhibited growth.These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanism by which ARC-BBBE modulates GA_(3)dynamics to enhance peanut growth,offering a foundation for future research on plant-microbe interactions and phytohormone regulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32161143006,32171997)the Earmarked Fund for CARS-13,and the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.CAAS-ASTIP-2021-OCRI).
文摘Bacterial wilt(BW)caused by Ralstonia solanacearum is a wide-spread and serious disease in peanut.To date,this soilborne disease could only be effectively controlled by planting resistant peanut cultivars.However,the relatively lower yield potential of the available BW-resistant peanut cultivars is a key reason restricting productivity in most epidemic regions naturally infested with the pathogen.Even small pods or seeds and low number per plant has been regarded as the key factor for the low yield potential both in BW-resistant peanut germplasm lines and available released cultivars,whether the resistance is closely linked with key yield components remains unclear.In this study,the relationship between pod weight and BW resistance was analyzed by using a recombinant inbred lines(RIL)population derived from a crossing combination between a high yielding cultivar Xuhua 13 and a BW-resistant cultivar Zhonghua 6.From the experiments,it was found that the BW resistance was not significantly correlated with pod number per plant(PNP),hundred pod weight(HPW)and pod weight per plant(PWP)in the RIL population.Based on linkage analysis,the quantitative trait locus(QTL)s related to PNP were identified on A06,A07,A08 and B03.The QTLs for HPW were detected on A05 and A07,and the QTLs for PWP were on A06,A07 and B03.However,the QTL for BW resistance identified on B02.These results indicated that the BW resistance and the pod number per plant as well as pod weight were inherited independently.Two recombined lines(QT0944 and QT1028)with high level BW resistance and large pods(hundred pod weight over 185g)were identified from the RILs,and they possessed the favored alleles of identified QTLs from both parents,which could be used in peanut breeding for high yield and high level disease resistance.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(32072139)Liaoning Province Natural Science Foundation Project(2022-MS-307).
文摘How to reduce peanut allergies has always been a main food safety concern.Plant polyphenol complex peanut sensitizing protein was proposed as a new desensitization strategy.Gallic acid(GA),as a natural plant polyphenol,has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects.Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GA on peanut protein(PP)sensitization under high moisture extrusion conditions.The contents of free sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds in the PP-GA complex were determined,and the structure of the complex was characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that with increasing GA content,the number of free sulfhydryl groups increased while the number of disulfide bonds decreased.The secondary structure of PP-GA showed that the random coils andβ-turns were transformed toα-helices andβ-sheets.A BALB/c mouse model was also established,wherein Al(OH)3 was used as an adjuvant when the complex was administered via intraperitoneal injection,and the mice showed mild allergic symptoms and a decreased immune organ index.In addition,the serum levels of specific antibodies(immunoglobulin E(IgE),immunoglobulin G1(IgG1),and immunoglobulin G2a(IgG2a)),cytokines(interleukin-5(IL-5),interleukin 13(IL-13),and interferon gamma(IFN-γ))and histamine were reduced.In summary,this study proved that GA can relieve the sensitization of PP induced by high moisture extrusion.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program (2023YFD1202800)National and Natural Science Foundation of China (31971820)+1 种基金Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund (1610172024001)the earmarked fund for CARS-13 and Innovation Team of Hubei Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center (2024620000001031)。
文摘Stem rot caused by Agroathelia rolfsii(syn. Sclerotium rolfsii) is one of the major biotic constraints to peanut production in many countries, particularly under high temperature and humidity conditions. Developing disease-resistant cultivars represents a more sustainable strategy. To generate peanut germplasm integrating stem rot resistance and elite yield traits, this study utilized a recombinant inbred line(RIL) population, consisting of 242lines, derived from a cross between Zhonghua212(medium-seeded, resistant parent), and Zhonghua21(large-seeded, susceptible parent). A multi-environment evaluation was conducted for disease resistance profiling in the fields with artificial inoculation, and for yield-related traits assessment. The results indicated that twenty-two RIL lines exhibited consistent moderate resistance across all tested locations. Fifty RILs consistently expressed large pod(100-pod weight >180 g) and large seed(100-seed weight >80 g) phenotypes in two environments. Three elite RIL lines(BJF66, BJF119 and BJF137) combined moderate resistance with superior pod/seed traits,providing valuable genetic sources for breeding programs targeting both disease resistance and productivity. This study established a foundational germplasm pool for advancing stem rot resistant, high-yielding peanut varieties,aligning with sustainable agricultural practices to mitigate A. rolfsii threats.
基金support from National Natural Science Foundation of China(22401080)the Start-up Grant of Henan University of Technology(2023BS006)+1 种基金the Scientific and Technological Research Project of Henan Provincial Science and Technology Department(252102310394)The Youth Found of the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300420463).
文摘Peanut is a globally important leguminous crop and one of the most important oil crops.In response to the growing demand for high-quality peanut oil,advancements in processing technologies have led to significant improvements in oil quality.However,ensuring consistent quality remains a complex and ongoing challenge due to the multifaceted factors influencing peanut oil’s properties.This review synthesizes key scientific studies addressing these factors and explores the associated risks to oil quality and safety.Special attention is given to harmful contaminants such as aflatoxin B1(AFB1),3-chloro-1,2-propanediol esters(3-MCPDE),Benzo[a]pyrene(BaP),and trans-fatty acids(TFAs),which pose significant health risks and quality concerns.The review critically examines current detection methods for these contaminants and evaluates innovative removal strategies,such as biodegradation,physical refining,chemical treatments,and advanced adsorption techniques.Moreover,insights into the effects of raw material quality,processing conditions,and storage on oil quality were discussed.In conclusion,the review underscores the importance of adopting integrated approaches to control harmful substances while optimizing processing parameters to enhance peanut oil quality.These findings aim to guide researchers and industry practitioners in improving production practices,minimizing health risks,and providing safer and higher-quality peanut oil products for consumers.
基金supported by grants from the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)-Henan United Fund (No. U22A20475)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province (No. 221111110500+1 种基金222301420026HARS-22-05-G1)。
文摘The peanut farming system plays a crucial role in the development of the agricultural industry. Traditionally, peanuts are sown as shelled seeds;however, systematic research on the agronomic performance and yield potential of planting with shells remains limited. In this study, we present a novel approach—peanut sowing with shells(P-S-S)—that promotes plant growth, enhances root development, and increases yield. This method also improves seed quality and elevates protein and oil content. Field trials conducted in the Huang-Huai-Hai region and northeastern China demonstrate the technique's broad adaptability, resulting in an average yield increase of 12.9%, with gains reaching up to 41% in northeastern areas, even under a 20% reduction in seeding rate. We have refined a standardized planting protocol for P-S-S based on the principle of “Two Reductions and Two Increases”: reduced input costs and post-harvest losses, along with increased production and economic benefits. This innovation contributes significantly to the advancement of peanut cultivation practices in China.
